University of Nueva Caceres

College of Engineering and Architecture

S/Y 2022-2023

EE319g _Materials Science and Engineering

INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted to the Faculty of the College and Engineering and Architecture

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science in Mechanical
Engineering Degree

Submitted by:
Christian John Oguan
21-41237

Instructor:
Engr. Edwin S. Badiola, MSCM RMEE

June 20,2023

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page........................................................................................................................i
Table of Contents...........................................................................................................ii

Learning Activity & Exercise...........................................................................................ii

A. Learning Activity 4.1......................................................................................3
Question No.1................................................................................................3
B. Learning Activity 4.2.............................................................................................4
Question No.1................................................................................................4
Learning Activity 4.3.......................................................................................5
Question No.1................................................................................................5

Exercise................................................................................................................6

Question No.1................................................................................................6
Question No.2................................................................................................7

Reference...........................................................................................................................8

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.1 Decision Making Process

Question no. 1: Describe the eight steps in the decision-making process (Explain in not
less than 200 words)

Step 1: Identifying the need for the Decision to be made

The primary step is to recognize the require for a choice. This may include identifying a issue that has to be
fathomed or recognizing an opportunity for advancement.

Step 2: Identifying the need for the Decision to be made

In this step, pertinent data is collected from different sources. This may include conducting investigate,
gathering information, and looking for experiences from specialists or partners. The quality and
completeness of data incredibly impact the decision-making handle.

Step 3: Decide goals, painting clear vision of desired outcome

Once adequate data is assembled, it's imperative to create a run of potential decisions or choices. This step
empowers inventiveness and adaptability, permitting for differing arrangements to be considered.

Step 4: Develop clear decision-making criteria to develop options

Each elective is assessed based on foreordained criteria or components. This assessment
includes evaluating the focal points, impediments, dangers, and potential outcomes related with
each alternative.
Step 5: Generate viable options that can achieve goals

After assessing the decision, another step is to choose the foremost suitable option. This choice is based on
the evaluation comes about, individual judgment, and the specified objectives or results.
Step 6: Weight the options picking the best of the bunch
Once the finest elective is chosen, the choice has to be put into activity. This includes creating a
point by point arrange, distributing assets, and allotting obligations to guarantee successful
execution.
Step 7: Implement the option that you choose
Amid the usage stage, it's pivotal to screen advance and audit the results. This permits for
alterations to be made on the off chance that essential and makes a difference in distinguishing
any deviations from the anticipated comes about.
Step 8: Evaluate Implementation process & revise as needed
The ultimate step includes reflecting on the decision-making handle and its results. Lessons
learned from the encounter are famous, and advancements are distinguished to upgrade future
decision-making endeavors.
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 LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.2 Four Ways of Decision Making

Question no.1: Explain the four ways managers’ makes decisions. (Explain in not less
than 200 words).

Rational decision-making: Rational decision-making could be a orderly approach where supervisors

assemble important data, recognize decision, assess them based on foreordained criteria, and select the
most excellent choice. This approach accept that managers are judicious and objective decision-makers
who look for to maximize results or benefits.

Intuitive decision-making: Intuitive decision-making depends on managers' instinctual, intestine

sentiments, and past encounters. It includes making speedy, intuitive judgments based on inferred
information and designs. Instinct can be effective when faced with complex or equivocal circumstances
where data is constrained, and time may be an imperative.

Bounded rationality: Bounded rationality recognizes that managers have cognitive limitations, time
limitations, and deficient information. Rather than pointing for an ideal arrangement, managers satisfice by
selecting the primary elective that meets the least necessities or "great sufficient" criteria. Bounded
levelheadedness permits for faster decision-making in circumstances where comprehensive investigation
isn't attainable.

Evidence-based management (EBM) is an approach that emphasizes the utilize of observational prove
and investigate discoveries to illuminate administrative decision-making and hone. It includes the precise
and explicit utilize of the most excellent available evidence from different sources, counting research
studies, information investigation, and organizational information, to make informed and compelling
management decision
.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.3 Effective Decision Making

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Question no.1: What does it take to become a good decision maker? (Explain in not
less than 200 words).

Getting to be a great decision maker requires a few key qualities and aptitudes. Firstly, it's vital to have a
clear understanding of the issue or circumstance at hand. This includes gathering important information,
analyzing it, and distinguishing potential options. By having a comprehensive understanding, one can make
well-informed decisions.

Furthermore, basic considering abilities are pivotal. This includes evaluating the pros and cons of different
choices, considering potential dangers and results, and considering consistently and objectively. Basic
considering permits for careful investigation and makes a difference in making levelheaded choices.

Besides, great choice creators have the capacity to oversee feelings viably. Feelings can cloud judgment
and lead to rash or one-sided choices. By keeping up passionate control and objectivity, one can make
decisions based on reason and prove.

Moreover, great choice creators are open-minded and willing to consider distinctive viewpoints. They look
for input from others, esteem differing conclusions, and weigh diverse perspectives some time recently
coming to a conclusion. This advances a more comprehensive decision-making handle and diminishes the
probability of ignoring critical data.

In conclusion, a great decision maker is somebody who takes obligation for their decisions. They are
willing to memorize from mistakes, adjust their approach in the event that required, and take responsibility
for the results. This advances a development mentality and permits for continuous improvement in
decision-making abilities.

Getting to be a good decision creator may be a ceaseless handle that requires hone, self-reflection, and a
commitment to individual development. By sharpening these qualities and aptitudes, one can improve their
decision-making capacities and accomplish way better results in both individual and proficient settings.

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 EXERCISE

Question no.1: For one week, pay close attention to the decisions you make and how
you make them. Write a description of five of those decisions using the steps in the
decision-making process as your guide. Also, describe whether you relied on external
or internal sources of information to help you make the decision and whether you think
you were more linear or nonlinear in how you processed that information. (Based your
paper content on the rubric which will be provided)

 Decision 1: Identifying the Problem or Opportunity

My Girlfriend is in a bad mood, because she had a bad day at work and at her club, she gets angry
when I got to see her that day.

 Decision 2: Gathering Information

I need to do something to make my Girlfriend happy so I find the reason why she’s in a bad
mood, like what happened and what she need right now at this very moment.

 Decision 3: Identifying the need for the Decision to be made

So, I asses what I need to do in order to make her happy, I started calmy and talk about what
happened, how it happened and why it happened. I listen carefully to what she was about to say
on that day.

 Decision 4: Develop clear decision-making criteria to develop options

After talking her through on what happened, how it happened, and why It happened. I spoke to
her calmly and ask what she wants, however she denied me on what she wants, so I made a list of
everything that I made to make her happy , and I use what I made her the happiest that can easily
done, and what she always wants.

 Decision 5: Generate viable options that can achieve goals

I took a list of what previously made her happy that changed her day so, I pick the pros and cons of
each and the difficulty to do at the current moment.
 Decision 6: Weight the options picking the best of the bunch
I choose to take her out and eat just eat, to take the problems out of her mind so we went to a nearby
fast food, talk and make her laugh just to ease her tension. I choose it as it was the easiest and most
reliable way to make her happy that day.

 Decision 7: Implement the option that you choose

I talk to her while eating and calm her by talking smoothly through her so I just keep on
talking it out even after we eat, we calmy enjoy the day by doing the things we want at that
day.
 Decision 8: Evaluate Implementation process & revise as needed

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 That day I realized that it was to calmy talk to her and ask everything and release all the
negative emotions within her that will calm her and remove that tension on her mind , so I
then realize what’s the most important of all that day.

Question no.2: When you feel you haven’t made a good decision, assess how you
could have made a better decision. (Based your paper content on the rubric which will be
provided)

When I feel I haven’t made a good decision in some scenario it can make everything worse or I easily
regret the decision that I make, I always look back at things and ask myself “what if “questions I
made in my mind by having a good decision I am contented with what I made and confident on the
future outcome of everything I made, I’m not anxious on everything when I make a good or better
decision and when I analyze the problem and scenario carefully , I know I will make a good decision
to make that will lead me to a better future, because every decision leads to a different outcomes
that’s why we need p roper thing and critical thinking in making decisions.

When I know I haven’t made a better decision I just need to apply the 8 steps in decision making so
that I can further improve myself as a person and making my life better by applying these 8 decisions
making steps which are:

Step 1: Identifying the need for the Decision to be made

Step 2: Identifying the need for the Decision to be made
Step 3: Decide goals, painting clear vision of desired outcome
Step 4: Develop clear decision-making criteria to develop options
Step 5: Generate viable options that can achieve goals
Step 6: Weight the options picking the best of the bunch
Step 7: Implement the option that you choose
Step 8: Evaluate Implementation process & revise as needed

REFERENCES

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Rousseau, D. M., & McCarthy, S. (2007). Evidence-based management: From theory to practice in health
care. The Milbank Quarterly, 85(2), 345-378.
Robbins, S. P., Coulter, M., & DeCenzo, D. A. (2017). Fundamentals of management. Pearson.

Week 4 Management Functions, University of Nueva Caceres