國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 !

1 詳解

單選題
v1. A function f on R is odd if f (−x) = −f (x) for all x ∈ R while it is even if f (−x) = f (x) for all x ∈ R. Suppose that g and
h are two functions on R.
(i) If g is an even function, then the composite function h ◦ g must be even.
(ii) If g is an odd function and lim+ g(x) = 1, then the limit lim− g(x) must be −1.
x→0 x→0

(iii) If g is an even function and lim+ g(x) = 1, then the limit lim g(x) must be 1.
x→0 x→0

Among the above three statements, how many of them are true?
A. Only one. B. Only two. C. All of them. D. None of them.

Solution: C
令 f = h ◦ g，則因 g 是偶函數，我們有 ∀x ∈ R，f (−x) = h ◦ g(−x) = h(g(−x)) = h(g(x)) = h ◦ g(x)。所以 h ◦ g 是偶
函數。
因 g 是奇函數，我們有

1 = lim g(x) = lim g(x) = lim g(−t) = lim (−g(t)) = − lim g(t) =⇒ lim− g(x) = −1
x→0+ −t=x→0+ t→0− t→0− t→0− x→0

因 g 是偶函數，我們有

1 = lim+ g(x) = lim g(x) = lim− g(−t) = lim− (g(t)) = lim− g(t) =⇒ lim g(x) = 1
x→0 −t=x→0+ t→0 t→0 t→0 x→0

所以 (i)、(ii) 和 (iii) 都正確。

v
2. Given function f (x) =
2x + 5
x−7
, which of the following statements is false?
A. the domain of f (x) is (−∞, 7) ∪ (7, ∞). B. f (x) is an odd function.
7x + 5
C. f −1 (x) = . D. f (x) is a continuous function on its domain.
x−2

11
Solution: B ，因為 f (−8) = (= 23 = f (8)。
15
(A) 正確，因為當 x = 7 分母為 0，必須扣掉不定義。
2x + 5 7y + 5 7x + 5
(C) 正確，因為 y = =⇒ xy − 7y = 2x + 5 ⇐⇒ x(y − 2) = 7y + 5 =⇒ x = =⇒ f −1 (x) = 。
x−7 y−2 x−2
(D) 正確，因為 f is a rational function.

v Which of the following statements is true?

3.
A. tan−1 (tan π) = π. B. cot−1 (tan π) = π. C. sin−1 (tan π) = 0. D. cos−1 (tan π) = 0.

Solution: C ! π π"
因為 tan π = 0，(A) 不正確，因為 tan−1 的定義域是 R 值域是 − , =⇒ tan−1 (tan π) = tan−1 0 = 0；
2 2
π
(B) 不正確，因為 cot−1 的定義域是 R 值域是 (0, π) =⇒ cot−1 (tan π) = cot−1 0 = ；
# π π$ 2
(C) 正確，因為 sin−1 的定義域是 [−1, 1] 值域是 − , =⇒ sin−1 (tan π) = sin−1 0 = 0；
2 2
π
(D) 不正確，因為 cos−1 的定義域是 [−1, 1] 值域是 [0, π] =⇒ cos−1 (tan π) = cos−1 0 = 。
2

v
4. Consider the function f (x) =
1 + ex
2

. Which of the following statements is true?

1 − ex2
A. f (x) does not have any horizontal asymptotes and any vertical asymptotes.
B. f (x) has a horizontal asymptote, but f (x) does not have any vertical asymptote.
C. f (x) has a vertical asymptote, but f (x) does not have any horizontal asymptotes.
D. f (x) has a horizontal asymptote and a vertical asymptote.
 國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 !1 詳解

Solution: D
y
x = 0
x
y = −1

x2
y = 1+e 2
1−ex

2 1
1 + ex 1 + ex 2
lim f (x) = lim 2 = lim = −1 =⇒ y = −1 is the horinzontal asymptote.
x→±∞ x→±∞ 1 − ex x→±∞ 12 − 1
x e
2 2
1 + ex 1 + ea
lim f (x) = lim 2 = , if a (= 0. So x = a is not a vertical asymptote, when a (= 0, lim f (x) = ∞ =⇒ x = 0
x→a x→a 1 − e x 1 − e a2 x→0
is the only horizontal asymptote.

05. Let a, b ∈ R so that

 4 √
 x −4

 2 , if 2 < x < 2;
x −2
f (x) = ax2 − bx + 3, if 2 ≤ x < 3;



2x − a + b, if x ≥ 3
is continuous everywhere in its domain. Then a − b =
A. −3. B. −2. C. 2. D. 3.

Solution: D .
2 !! 2
x4 − 4 (x!
! − 2)(x + 2)
By the definition of f , f (2) = 4a − 2b + 3. lim f (x) = lim = lim 2 !! = lim (x2 + 2) = 6.
x→2− x→2− 2
x −2 x→2 − (x!
! − 2) x→2−
Since f is continuous at 2, 4a − 2b + 3 = 6 ⇐⇒ 4a − 2b = 3 .
By the definition of f , f (3) = 6 − a + b. lim− f (x) = lim− (ax2 − bx + 3) = 9a − 3b + 3. Since f is continuous at 2,
x→3 x→3
6 − a + b = 9a − 3b + 3 ⇐⇒ 10a − 4b = 9 .
Hence, a, b ∈ R satisfy the system of equations
)
4a − 2b = 3 3 9
⇐⇒ a = − , b = − =⇒ a − b = 3.
10a − 4b = 3 2 2

填空題
1.
v Given log 2 ≈ 0.3, log 3 ≈ 0.477, log 5 ≈ 0.699, suppose n ∈ N satisfies 100 ≤ (1.5) ≤ 500. How many positive integers n
n

satisfy the inequalities? (1) .

Solution: 100 ≤ (1.5) ≤ 500 ⇐⇒ 2 = log 100 ≤ log (1.5) = n(log 3 − log 2) ≤ log 500 = 2 + log 5
n n

2 2 + log 5
⇐⇒ <n< .
log 3 − log 2 log 3 − log 2
2 2 2 2 + log 5 2 + 0.699
Since ≈ ≈ ≈ 11.3 and ≈ ≈ 15.2. So n can be 12, 13, 14 or
log 3 − log 2 0.477 − 0.3 0.177 log 3 − log 2 0.177
15 =⇒ 4 of them.

v2. Suppose sec θ = 2 and sin θ < 0, then cot θ = (2) .

 國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 !1 詳解

Solution: sec θ = 2 and sin θ < 0 =⇒

y
1 1
θ
cos θ = =
O 1 A(1, 0) sec θ 2 √
x * 3
sin θ = − 1 − cos θ = −
2
2
sin θ √
tan θ = =− 3
√
cos θ
2 − 3 √
1 1 3
cot θ = = −√ = −
tan θ 3 3
√
1 2 2 3
√
csc θ = = −√ = −
sin θ
B(1, − 3)
3 3

+ ,

:
1
3. The horizontal asymptote of the graph of y = x tan is (3) .
x

Solution: Compute
+ ,
1 tan y sin y 1
lim x tan
= lim = lim =1
x→∞ x 1
y= x →0 + y y→0 + y cos y
+ ,
1 tan y sin y 1
lim x tan = lim = lim− =1
x→−∞ x 1
y= x →0− y y→0 y cos y

+ ,
1
Hence, y = 1 is the horizontal asymptote of the graph of y = x tan .
x

!* "
v
4. Suppose that a, b and c are constants and lim ax2 + bx + c + 3x = 2, then a = (4) .
x→−∞

Solution:

!* " (a − 9) x2 + bx + c
lim ax2 + bx + c + 3x = lim √ =2
x→−∞ x→−∞ ax2 + bx + c − 3x
From the middle term, were a (= 9, the limit would not exist, by comparing the degree of the numerator and denominator.
Hence, a=9.

5. Continuing with the previous question, b = (5) .

Solution: As in Problem !4,

c
bx + c b+ b
lim √ = lim - x = = 2.
x→−∞ 9x2 + bx + c − 3x x→−∞ b c −6

?
− 9+ + −3
x x2

Hence, b = −12 .

sin x − sin 2x
6.v lim = (6) .
x→0 x2
 國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 !1 詳解

Solution:
. + ,/
sin x − sin 2x sin x − 2 sin x cos x sin x[(1 − cos x) − cos x] sin x 1 − cos x cos x
lim = lim = lim = lim −
x→0+ x2 x→0+ x2 x→0+ x2 x→0+ x x x
sin x 1 − cos x sin x cos x
= lim · lim − lim · lim = −∞ ;
x→0+ x x→0+ x x→0+ x x→0+ x
On the other hand,
. + ,/
sin x − sin 2x sin x − 2 sin x cos x sin x[(1 − cos x) − cos x] sin x 1 − cos x cos x
lim = lim = lim = lim −
x→0− x2 x→0− x2 x→0− x2 x→0− x x x
sin x 1 − cos x sin x cos x
= lim · lim − lim · lim = ∞;
x→0− x x→0− x x→0+ x x→0− x

So the limit does not exist .

√ √ √
。
(1 − x)(1 − 3 x) · · · (1 − 7 x)
7. lim = (7) .
x→1 (1 − x)6

Solution: For k = 2, 3 . . . , 7,
1
! 2 k−1
"
√ (1 − x k ) 1 + x k + . . . x k 1−x
1− k
x= 2 k−1 = 2 k−1 .
1 + x + ...x
k k 1 + x + ...x
k k
0 12 3 0 12 3
k terms k terms

1 1
lim 2 k−1 =
x→1
1 + x + ...x k k k
x)!
√ √ √
(1 − x)(1 − 3 x) · · · (1 − 7 x) (1!
! −! 6
=⇒ lim = lim 7 !
x→1 (1 − x)6 x→1 4 "
! !! 6 2 k−1
!
(1 − x) 1 + x k + ...x k

k=2

1 1
= lim 7 !
= .
x→1 4 2 k−1
" 7!
1 + xk + . . . x k

k=2

計算、證明和簡答題
vState the precise definition of lim f (x) = L.
1.
x→−∞

Solution:
∀$ > 0, ∃ N > 0 such that |f (x) − L| < $, whenever x < −N

2.vThe greatest integer function !x" is a function from R to Z with x−1 < !x" ≤ x. lim !2 + 2x − x2 " =?
x→1
 Solution:

2 + 2x − x2 = 3 − (x − 1)2
3 1 1
1 < x < =⇒ 0 < x − 1 < =⇒ 0 < (x − 1)2 <
2 2 4
1 3
=⇒ 0 > −(x − 1) > − =⇒ 3 > 3 − (x − 1)2 > 2 +
2
4 4
=⇒ !2 + 2x − x2 " = 2 =⇒ lim+ !2 + 2x − x2 " = 2
x→1

1 1 1
< x < 1 =⇒ − < x − 1 < 0 =⇒ 0 < (x − 1)2 <
2 2 4
1 3
=⇒ 0 > −(x − 1)2 > − =⇒ 3 > 3 − (x − 1)2 > 2 +
4 4
=⇒ !2 + 2x − x2 " = 2 =⇒ lim !2 + 2x − x2 " = 2
x→1−

=⇒ lim !2 + 2x − x2 " = 2 .
x→1

xf (a) − af (x)
v3. Suppose both f (a) and f (a) exist, express x→a
lim in terms of f (a) and f $ (a).
$
x−a

Solution:
xf (a) − af (x) xf (a)−af (a) + af (a) − af (x) f (a) [x − a] − a [f (x) − f (a)]
lim = lim = lim
x→a x−a x→a x−a x→a x−a
x−a f (x) − f (a)
= f (a) lim − a lim = f (a) − af $ (a)
x→a x − a x→a x−a

2x2 + bx + 3b
。
2
4. If lim = 8, then (a, b) =? 2a + ab + nb ☆
x→a 2x − 2a 2x ^+ bx + 3 b
= 10
,

Solution: Since
az 2x2 + bx + 3b
) = lim (1)
2

a+ b -
=8
x→a 2x − 2a
and lim (2x − 2a) = 0, we have
x→a
lim
7 G
x
lim (2x2 + bx + 3b) = 2a2 + ab + 3b = 0 ⇐⇒ (a + 3)b = −2a2 . (2)
x→a

tabtab
2
By equation (2), we consider the following possibilities:
⾶
2a o
=

2x2
-
za ==
at 2 b
1. b = 0 ⇐⇒ a = 0. But then equation (1) becomes lim = lim x = 0, which is impossible.
x→0 2x x→0

2a2
2. b (= 0 =⇒ a (= 0 =⇒ a (= −3 =⇒ b = −
a+3
. Then, equation (1) becomes

! + 3)x + 3a]
b =

⼀
2
(a + 3)x − a x − 3a2
! −!
(x! 2
a)[(a
lim = lim = a2 + 6a = 8a + 24
x→a x−a x→a !x−!!
a

⇐⇒ a2 − 2a − 24 = 0 ⇐⇒ (a − 6)(a + 4) = 0 ⇐⇒ a = −4 or 6

Then b = 32 or − 8 , correspondingly. Hence, (a, b) = (−4, 32) or (6, −8) .