Entrep12 q1 m5 7p S of Marketing and Branding

CO_Q1_Entrepreneurship SHS
Module 5
Entrepreneurship – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter
1 – Module 5
Second Edition, 2021
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Development Team of the Module:
Authors: Joel Y. Yacas Janice B. Dominguez

Naneth M.Valdehuesa Ronee D. Quicho
Mary Cris A. Maquilan Marylinda T. Puzon
Charity E. Parel Denver E. Neri
Lorena Fe S. Anub Ethel Lalaine B. Morales
Evaluators: Cherryl F. Descallar
Eddy Lou T. Hamak
Sherriemae V. Reazol
Illustrator: PSSg Edzel M. Dominguez
Management Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst.Regional Director
Mala Epra B. Magnaong CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot,
Jr. Regional ADM Coordinator
Elson C. Jamero
EPS-Designate-TLE
Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Regional Office 10 Office

Address: Zone 1, Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro City 9000
Telefax: (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph
1 CO_Q1_Entrepreneurship SHS
Module 3
Entrepreneurship
Quarter 1 – Module 5
7 P’s of Marketing and
Branding
Module 3
Introductory Message
For the Learner
Have you ever dreamed of becoming the next multi-millionaire? If you’re thinking that winning the
lottery is the only way to become one, well, think again. It is not chance that gives you millions, instead
being a millionaire is a result of hard work and determination. Starting your own business is a good
beginning towards fulfilling your dreams. Entrepreneurship is the way!
You may often hear the word entrepreneur and entrepreneurship. But what do these terms mean? You
may refer to an entrepreneur as the person managing the business and entrepreneurship as the business
venture. Some may say there is no difference.
So, what does this module provide you towards reaching your dreams?
1. It outlines the concepts and basic principles, and processes of developing a business plan.
2. It helps you understand the environment and market in your locality as a factor in developing a
business concept.
3. It allows you to experience starting and operating your own business.
Substantial knowledge of entrepreneurial principles and processes is important as this increases the
chances of making your business successful.
In this module, you are guided with a set of learning parts that will help you understand the underlying
principles of entrepreneurship.
1. What I Need to Do – the part used to introduce the learning objectives in this module.
2. What I Know – this is an assessment as to your level of knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge previous knowledge.
3. What’s In – the part used to connect your previous learning with the new lesson.
4. What’s New – the part used to introduce new lesson through a story, an activity, a poem, song,
situation or activity.
5. What is It – the part that will help you discover and understand
entrepreneurial concepts.
6. What’s More – the part that will help enrich your learnings of entrepreneurial concepts.
7. What I Have Learned – the part that will help you process what you have learned In the lesson.
8. What I Can Do – the part that allows you to apply what you have learned into real life situations.
9. Assessment – the part that evaluates your level of mastery in achieving the
learning objectives.
10. Additional Activities – the part that enhances your learning and improves your
mastery of the lesson.
What I Need to Know
Congratulations! You have finished many assigned activities in the previous modules.
Welcome to Module Five (5). This module introduces the Marketing Mix, more popularly
referred to as the 7P’s of Marketing. It is a set of controllable and interrelated variables
composed of product, place, price and promotions that a company assembles to satisfy a
target group better than its competitor. Marketing Mix strategy is selecting and applying the
best potential means to achieve the organization’s vision and gain competitive edge.
This module provides context and foundational knowledge. It is divided into two
lessons.
Lesson 1 The Marketing Mix (7P’s) in Relation to the Business Opportunity
CS_EP11/12ENTREP-0h-j-10
Lesson 2 Developing a Brand Name
CS_EP11/12ENTREP-0h-j-11
After reading this module, you should be able to:
1. describe the Concept of Marketing Mix;

2. identify the seven P’s in the Marketing Mix;
3. appreciate the importance of Marketing Mix and Branding; and
4. developed a Brand Name.
You have started discovering a new world – the world of business. Who knows, one
day you may grow into one of the successful entrepreneurs in our country that our country
can be proud of. However, you have to:
 Read the texts carefully

 Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently
 Answer all the given test and exercises
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What I Know
Before you start studying this module, take the following test to find out how much you
already know about this topic. Let’s check your prior knowledge, skills, and understanding of
basic concepts related to the seven P’s in the Marketing Mix and Branding. This will guide
you in understanding the concept.
Now, are you ready? Before proceeding, let’s see what you already know. This test is
particularly prepared to determine your prior knowledge of the lessons you are about to
encounter.
Multiple Choice
Direction: Encircle the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in your activity
notebook.
1) It is a set of controllable and interrelated variables composed of product, place, price and
promotions that a company assembles to satisfy a target group better than its competitor.
a. Price b. Marketing Mix c. Product d. Packaging
2) The amount that a customer pays for to enjoy it.
3) An item that is produced to satisfy the needs of a certain group of people.
4) It is a tangible product. Its example includes tires, MP3 players, clothing and etc.
a. Branding b. Positioning c. Goods d. Place
5) It can be intangible or tangible as it can be in the form of services or goods.
6) The way your product or service appears from the outside.
7) A marketing model that modifies the 4Ps model.
a. Packaging b. 7 P’s Model c. Marketing Mix d. People
8) Responsible for every element of your sales, marketing strategies, and activities.
a. Packaging b. 7 P’s Model c. Marketing Mix d. People
9) This refers to how a business creates awareness in the market.
a. Place b. Brand Name c. Services d. Promotion
10) It is intangible. Its example includes hair salons and accounting firms. a.Place
b. Brand Name c. Services d. Promotion
11) This is the ultimate marketing strategy.
a. 7 P’s Model b. Marketing Mix c. People d. Branding
12) This is where your product or service is actually sold.
a. Place b. Brand Name c. Services d. Promotion
13) The place occupied by products in the heart and minds of the consumers.
a. Branding b. Positioning c. Goods d. Place
14) A name, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes a seller's goods or services in the
marketplace.
a. Brand Name b. Positioning c. Branding d. Place
15) A powerful and sustainable high-level marketing strategy used to create or
influence a brand.
a. Brand Name b. Positioning c. Branding d. Place
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Lesson The Marketing Mix (7P’s) in Relation to
1 the Business Opportunity
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you already learned about data collection. It is an important
factor of any research study. The three (3) ways of collecting data are Survey, Interview, and
Focus Group Discussion (FGD). This will help entrepreneurs in gathering information about
their target market. But, your entrepreneurial work, however, does not simply end there. You
must design a certain marketing program or strategy that will convey the value of your
product to the target customers. In the parlance of entrepreneurship, this program is
theoretically called marketing mix.
What’s New
Find the P’s
Directions: Think of words or terms related to the topic that starts with letter “P”
and find the words in the grid horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Write the Words
or Terms on the space provided and write something about the term using your own
words. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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What is It
Whatever you sell or offer you must outline your marketing mix. Marketing mix has
been around as early as trade existed and that is quite long already. The only difference is that
today everything is well outlined and keeps evolving even further. To get to the point,
marketing mix is a business mechanism used for effective marketing of the products. There is
no hesitation that anyone would benefit from a powerful 7Ps. Marketing Mix is a set of
controllable and connected variables that a company gathers to satisfy a customer better than
its competitor. It is also known as the “Ps” in marketing. Originally, there were only 4Ps but
the model has been continually modified until it became 7P’s. The original 4 P’s stands for
product, place, price and promotion. Eventually, three elements have been added, namely:
people, packaging and positioning to comprise the 7 P’s.
The 7 P’s of Marketing Mix

There are several important frameworks which you can utilize for the purpose of
marketing your product and services. A very crucial structure among these is the “7 P’s of
Marketing. The framework of “7 Ps of marketing” includes product, place, price, promotion
people, packaging and positioning. Realizing these P’s in the most ideal manner can turn out
to be very profitable, however, you should totally see each description of the 7 P’s first.
1. PRODUCT
The first P in the Marketing Mix is the Product. Marketing strategy typically
starts with the product. Marketers can’t plan a distribution system or set a price if they don’t
know exactly what the product will be offered to the market.
Product refers to any goods or services that is produced to meet the consumers’ wants,
tastes and preferences. Examples of goods include tires, MP3 players, clothing and etc.
Goods can be categorized into business goods or consumer goods. A buyer of consumer
goods may not have thorough knowledge of the goods he buys and uses. Examples of
services include hair salons and accounting firms. Services can be divided into consumer
services, such as hair styling or professional services, such as engineering and accounting.
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GOODS
A. CONSUMER GOODS
B.BUSINESS GOODS
PRODUCT
SERVICES
• A. CONSUMER SERVICES
• LAWN CARE
• HAIR STYLING
• B.
PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES
• ENGINEERING
• ACCOUNTING
• CONSULTANCY
The two (2) types of products

There are 2 types of goods. Consumer Goods and Business Goods. The table below
shows the comparison between the 2 types of goods.
Consumer Goods Business Goods
The demand for consumer goods is a The demand for business goods is a 'derived
'direct demand'. demand'. It is derived from the demand for
consumer goods, which are
made using the business goods.
The number of buyers is great. Business goods have only limited number
of buyers.
The buyers are found scattered in The buyers are found to be concentrating in
different parts of the country / world. certain regions only.
Each purchase will generally be of Each purchase involves a very high
small value. amount (in money terms).
Buying is much influenced by emotions. Buying cannot be influenced by emotions.
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After-sale service is important in the case After-sale service is of paramount
of consumer durables. importance in the case of all business goods.
There are a number of middlemen in The manufacturers of industrial goods

the market. supply directly to their customers.
A buyer of consumer goods may not have A buyer of industrial goods must have complete
thorough knowledge of the goods he knowledge of the goods he buys and uses.
buys and uses.
The reputation of the seller or The reputation of the manufacturer is always
manufacturer may not always be given important in buying industrial goods.
importance in buying consumer
goods.
Inducements to the buyers in the form of Such inducements may not be common in the
cash discounts, free gifts, etc. marketing of industrial goods.
are made always by those marketing
consumer goods.
The market for consumer goods is The market for industrial goods is affected by
affected by fashion and style changes. technological changes.
2. PLACE
Place is the second P in the Marketing Mix. Place represents the location where
the buyer and seller exchange goods or services. It is also called as the distribution channel. It
can include any physical store as well as virtual stores or online shops on the Internet.
It is one thing having a great product, sold at an attractive price. But what if:
• Customers are not near a retailer that is selling the product?
• A competing product is stocked by a much wider range of outlets?
• A competitor is winning because it has a team of trained distributors or sales agents
who are out there meeting customers and closing the sale?
Place matters for a business of any size. It is a crucial part of the marketing mix. The
main function of a distribution channel is to provide a link between production and
consumption.
STAGES OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
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Channel 1 contains two stages between producer and consumer - a wholesaler and a retailer.
A wholesaler typically buys and stores large quantities of several producers' goods and then
breaks into bulk deliveries to supply retailers with smaller quantities. For small retailers with
limited order quantities, the use of wholesalers makes economic sense.
Channel 2 contains one intermediary. In consumer markets, this is typically a retailer. A
retailer is a company that buys products from a manufacturer or wholesaler and sells them to
end users or customers. In a sense, a retailer is an intermediary or middleman that customers
use to get products from the manufacturers.
Channel 3 is called a "direct-marketing" channel, since it has no intermediary levels. In this
case the manufacturer sells directly to customers.
3. PRICE
The third P in the Marketing Mix is price. The price is a serious component of the
marketing mix. What do you think is the meaning of Price?
In the narrowest sense, price is the value of money in exchange for a product or
service. Generally speaking, the price is the amount or value that a customer gives up to
enjoy the benefits of having or using a product or service. Thus, customers exchange a certain
value for having or using the product – a value we call price. In commerce, price is
determined by what (1) a buyer is willing to pay, (2) a seller is willing to accept, and (3) the
competition is allowing to be charged. With product, promotion, and place of marketing mix,
it is one of the business variables over which organizations can exercise some degree of
control. One example of a pricing strategy is the penetration pricing. It is when the price
charged for products and services is set artificially low in order to gain market share. Once
this is attained, the price can be higher than before. For example, if you are going to open a
Beauty Salon, you need to set your prices lower than those of your competitors so that you
can penetrate the market. If you already have a good number of market share then you can
slowly increase your price.
There are several factors that affect a small business’ revenue potential. One of the
most important is the pricing strategy utilized by you as the owner of the business. A right
pricing strategy helps you define the particular price at which you can maximize profits on
sales of your product or service. You need to consider a wide range of factors when setting
prices of your offerings. The different pricing strategies with its definition can be found in the
table below.
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The Different Pricing Strategies and Its Definition
Pricing Definition
Strategies
Penetration The price charged for products and services is set artificially low in order to gain
Pricing market share. Once this is achieved, the price is increased.
Skimming A company charges a higher price then slowly lowers the price to make the
Pricing product available to a wider market because it has a considerable competitive
advantage. However, the advantage tends not to be
sustainable. The high price attracts new competitors into the market, and the
price inevitably falls due to increased supply.
Competition A pricing method in which a seller uses prices of competing products as a
Pricing benchmark instead of considering own costs or the customer demand. In reality
a firm has three options and these are to price lower, price the same
or price higher than competitors
Product Line The practice of reviewing and setting prices for multiple products that a
Pricing company offers in coordination with one another. Rather than looking at each
product separately and setting its price, product-line pricing strategies aim to
maximize the sales of different products by creating more complementary,
rather than competitive, products. If you offer more than one product or service,
consider the impact that one product's or service's
price will have on the others.
Bundle The act of placing several products or services together in a single
Pricing package and selling for a lower price than would be charged if the items were
sold separately.
Premium Setting the price of a product higher than similar products. The goal is to create
Pricing the perception that the products must have a higher value than
competing products because the prices are higher.
Psychological Psychological pricing is the practice of setting prices slightly lower than
Pricing rounded numbers, in the belief that customers do not round up these prices, and
so will treat them as lower prices than they really are. This practice is based on
the belief that customers tend to process a price from the left-most digit to the
right, and so will tend to ignore the last few digits
of a price.
Optional The company earns more through cross-selling products along with a basic
Pricing core product. The main product does not have many features (and
is priced low) which can be enhanced through optional or accessory
products which are sold at premium by the same company.
Cost Plus Cost plus pricing involves adding a markup to the cost of goods and services to
Pricing arrive at a selling price. Under this approach, you add together the direct
material cost, direct labor cost, and overhead costs for a
product, and add to it a markup percentage in order to derive the price of the
product.
Cost Based A pricing method in which a fixed sum or a percentage of the total cost is added
Pricing (as income or profit) to the cost of the product to arrive at its selling price.
Value Based A price-setting strategy where prices are set primarily on consumers'
Pricing perceived value of the product or service.
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4. PROMOTION
Promotion is the fourth P in the Marketing Mix. Promotion refers to the complete set
of activities, which communicate the product, brand or service to the user. The idea is to
create an awareness, attract and induce the consumers to buy the product, in preference over
others. The following are the most common medium in promoting a product and this is called
promotional mix.
PROMOTIONAL MIX
1. ADVERTISING
• Radio
Advertising by means of radio gives the advantage of selecting the territory and
audience to which the message is to be directed. It is also cheaper than TV advertising.
• Television
This is the latest and the fast-developing medium of advertising and is getting increased
popularity these days. It is more effective as compared to radio as it has the advantages of
sound and sight. On account of pictorial presentation, it is more effective and impressive and
leaves a lasting impression on the mind of the viewer.
• Print
The print media carry their messages entirely through the visual mode. These media
consist of newspapers, magazines and direct mail.
• Electronic
You can also advertise electronically through your company website and provide
important and pertinent information to clients and customers. You can protect some parts of
your website through passwords and give access to member customers. You can also send
advertisements via direct e-mail as part of your promotional strategy.
• Word of Mouth
Word-of-mouth advertising is important for every business, as each happy customer can
steer dozens of new ones your way. And it's one of the most credible forms of advertising
because a person puts their reputation on the line every time they make a recommendation
and that person has nothing to gain but the appreciation of those who are listening.
• Generic
The promotion of a particular commodity is without reference to a specific producer,
brand name or manufacturer. Producers join together to expand total demand for the
commodity, thereby helping their own sales. These activities are often self-funded through
assessments on marketing called check-off programs.
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2. PUBLIC RELATIONS OR PR
In public relations, the article that features your company is not paid for. The reporter,
whether broadcast or print, writes about or films your company as a result of information he
or she received and researched.
Many people use the term PR and advertising interchangeably, PR involves sharing
information with the public using platforms that do not require a payment, such as social
media or through press releases shared with magazines and newspapers. PR professionals
package information and disseminate it in the hopes that it will be organically shared. The
goal of public relations is to shape public perception of a business, presenting a positive
image through various strategies to its various constituents.
3. PERSONAL SELLING
Personal selling occurs when an individual salesperson sells a product, service or
solution to a client. Salespeople match the benefits of their offering to the specific needs of a
client. Today, personal selling involves the development of longstanding client relationships.
Personal selling involves a selling process that is summarized in the following Five
Stage Personal Selling Process. The five stages are:
• Prospecting
• Making first contact
• The sales call
• Objection handling
• Closing the sale
4. SALES PROMOTIONS
Sales promotion is any initiative undertaken by an organization to promote an increase
in sales, usage or trial of a product or service (i.e., initiatives that are not covered by the other
elements of the marketing communications or promotions mix).
Sales Promotion Technique

• Free Gifts
There are many ways to utilize this particular sales promotion technique. A newly
opened store, for example, may offer the first 10 customers free items worth 100 pesos.
• Free Samples
Providing free samples is a technique used to introduce new products to the
marketplace. Samples give the consumer a chance to see how well they like a product or try
something they otherwise would not normally buy.
• Free Trial
A free trial is a way for a consumer to try a new product while eliminating risk. It may
be used when a product is unique to the marketplace.
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• Customer Contests
Contests offer the customer a chance to win prizes like cash or store merchandise.
• Special Pricing
Special pricing is used to offer consumers a lower price for a period of time or to
purchase in multiple quantities. For example, a retailer may offer a product that normally
costs 35 pesos at a price of 3-for-100-pesos during the promotional period.
5. DIRECT MARKETING
Direct marketing is a promotional method that involves presenting information about
your company, product, or service to your target customer without the use of an advertising
middleman. It is a targeted form of marketing that presents information of potential interest to
a consumer that has been determined to be a likely buyer.
Forms of Direct Marketing
Brochure Catalogs Fliers Newsletters Post cards

Coupons Email Phone calls Text messages
5. PEOPLE
The fifth P in the Marketing mix is People. Your team, the staff that makes it happen
for you, your audience, and your advertisers are the people in marketing. This consist of each
person who is involved in the product or service whether directly or indirectly.
People are the ultimate marketing strategy. They sell and push the product. People are
one of the most important elements of the marketing mix today. This is because of the
remarkable rise of the services industry. Products are being sold through retail channels
today. If the retail channels are not handled with the right people, the product will not be sold.
Services must be first class nowadays. The people rendering the service must be competent
and skilled enough so that that the clients will patronize your service. The marketing efforts
of people are to create customer awareness, to arouse customer interest, to educate customers,
to close the sale and to deliver the product.
Therefore, the right people are essential in marketing mix in the current marketing
scenario.
6. PACKAGING
Packaging is the sixth P in the Marketing Mix. Packaging is a silent hero in the
marketing world. Packaging refers to the outside appearance of a product and how it is
presented to the customers. The best packaging should be attractive enough and
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cost efficient for the customers. Packaging is highly functional. It is for protection,
containment, information, utility of use and promotion.
Five Basic Functions of Packaging
1) Protection:
One of the major functions of packaging is to provide for the effects of time and environment
for the natural and manufactured products. The protection function can be divided into some
classes.
A. Natural deterioration:
It is caused by the interaction of products with water, gases and fumes, microbiologic
organisms like bacteria, yeasts and molds, heat, cold, dryness, contaminants and insects and
rodents.
B. Physical protection:
The packaging is also used for physical protection, which include improving shock
protection, internal product protection and reducing shock damage caused from vibration,
snagging, friction and impact.
C. Safety:
A special kind of protective packaging is required for products that are deemed harmful to
those who transport them or use them. These products include extremely inflammable gas
and liquid, radioactive elements, toxic materials etc. The packaging should also be done so
that children could not easily use or dispose them.
D. Waste reduction:
Packaging also serves to reduce the amount of waste especially in case of food distribution.
2) Containment:
This involves merging of unit loads for shipping. It starts with spots of adhesives on the
individual shippers that stick them together, straps of steel and plastic, entire coverings of
shrinkable or stretchable plastic films and paper or corrugated wraps that surround an entire
pallet of product.
There are some special bulk boxes or pallet bins made from unusually strong corrugated
board or fabricated form plastics or metal, the method of which depends on the type and
weight of product and its protective needs. The cargo containers made of aluminum used to
hold many pallet loads of goods can be transferred to or from ships, trains and flatbed trucks
by giant cranes.
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3) Information:
The packaging conveys necessary information to the consumers. The common information
that packaging provides include general features of the product, ingredients, net weight of the
contents, name and address of the manufacturers, maximum retail price (MRP).
Packaging of medicine and some food products is required to provide information on

methods of preparations, recipes and serving ideas, nutritional benefits, and date of
manufacturing, date of expiry, warning messages and cautionary information. Sometimes, the
color of the packaging itself provides some information.
4) Utility of use:
The convenience packaging has been devised for foods, household chemicals, drugs,
adhesives, paints, cosmetics, paper goods and a host of other products. This type of
packaging includes dispensing devices, prepackaged hot metals, and disposable medical
packaging.
5) Promotion:
Companies use attractive colors, logos, symbols and captions to promote the product that can
influence customer purchase decision.
Packaging Decisions:
i. Packaging concept:
This defines what the package should be or do for the particular product in terms of
size, shape, materials, color, text, and brand mark and tamperproof ability
ii. Engineering tests:

This will ensure that the package stands up under normal conditions
iii. Visual tests:

This is to ensure that the script is legible and colors are harmonious
iv. Dealer tests:

This is to ensure that the dealers find the packages attractive and easy to handle
v. Consumer tests:
This is to ensure favorable consumer response
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7. POSITIONING
Finally, the seventh P in the Marketing Mix is Positioning. When a company presents a
product or service in a way that is different from the competitors, they are said to be
“positioning” it. Positioning refers to a process used by marketers to create an image in the
minds of a target market.
Solid positioning will allow a single product to attract different customers for not the
same reasons. For example, two people are interested in buying a phone; one wants a phone
that is cheaper in price and fashionable while the other buyer is looking for a phone that is
durable and has longer battery life and yet they buy the same exact phone.
There are three basic concepts for positioning. These are Functional Positions,
Symbolic Positions and Experiential Positions. Functional Positions deal with solving a
problem, providing benefits and getting a favorable perception from investors, stockholders
and consumers. Symbolic Positions deal with self-image enhancement, ego identification,
belongingness, social meaningfulness and affective fulfilment and Experiential Positions deal
with providing sensory or cognitive stimulation.
Steps of the Positioning Process
Communicat
e and deliver
Define your on the
positioning positioning
Choose strategy strategy
competitive
Identify your advantages
competitive that define
Confirm your advantages your market
understanding of “niche”
market dynamics
Step 1: Confirm Your Understanding of Market Dynamics
At the start of the positioning process, you need a firm understanding of your target market
and answers to the following questions:
In which product, service, or market category (also called the “frame of reference”) do you
plan to use this positioning?
Which target segment is your focus for the positioning you are developing? What
factors do these buyers evaluate when they make a purchasing decision? How do these
buyers view your competitors in the category?
If you don’t have answers to these questions, you should consider conducting formal or
informal marketing research to reach a better understanding of your target market and the
market dynamics around it.
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Step 2: Identify Your Competitive Advantages
A competitive advantage is some trait, quality, or capability that allows you to outperform the
competition. It gives your product, service, or brand an advantage over others in purchasing
decisions. Competitive advantage may come from and or all of the following:
Price: Something in your production process or supply chain may make it possible for you to
provide comparable value at a lower cost than competitors.
Features: You may provide tangible or intangible features that your competitors do not: for
example, more colors, better taste, a more elegant design, quicker delivery, personalized
service, etc.
Benefits: You may provide unique benefits to customers that your competitors cannot match.
Benefits are intangible strengths or outcomes your customer gets when they use your
offering. For example, time savings, convenience, increased control, enjoyment, relaxation,
more choices, feeling better about oneself, being more attractive, etc.
Create a list of the things that make you different from competitors in positive ways. Then
identify which of these factors are also competitive advantages: the influential factors that
help you perform better in the marketplace and cause customers to choose your product,
service, or brand over other options.
Step 3: Choose Competitive Advantages That Define Your Niche
Your list of competitive advantages represents a set of possible positioning strategies you
could pursue for your product, service, or brand. The next step is to examine how these
factors fit into customer perceptions of your broader competitive set. Your goal is to pick a
positioning approach that gives you a unique and valued position in the market that
competitors are not addressing.
How to Create an Effective Market Positioning Strategy?
Create a positioning statement that will serve to identify your business and how you want the
brand to be perceived by consumers.
1. Determine company uniqueness by comparing to competitors

Compare and contrast differences between your company and competitors to identify
opportunities. Focus on your strengths and how it can exploit these opportunities.
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2. Identify current market position
Identify your existing market position and how the new positioning will be beneficial in
setting you apart from competitors.
3. Competitor positioning analysis

Identify the conditions of the marketplace and the amount of influence each competitor
can place on each other.
4. Develop a positioning strategy

Through the preceding steps, you should achieve an understanding of what your
company is, how your company is different from competitors, the conditions of the
marketplace, opportunities in the marketplace, and how your company can position itself.
Lesson
Developing a Brand Name
2
We are now in the second lesson of this module. After studying and understanding the
framework of the Marketing Mix which is the 7 P’s of Marketing, you are now ready to
develop your Brand Name.
What comes to your mind when you hear the word “coffee”? How about “milk”? When
you are asked to name a “toothpaste” or a “soft drinks, what will you think and say first?
Now as a future entrepreneur, how do you describe the sales of your product being
displayed on the shelves of various malls and groceries beside the product with a brand
name? Do you think the consumers will notice or remember it? Branding will ultimately
reside(s) in the mind of every consumers, thus, it plays a significant role in every business.
Brand Name is a name, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes a seller's goods or
services in the marketplace. Your brand is one of your greatest assets because your brand is
your customers' over-all experience of your business. Brand strategy is a long-term design
for the development of a popular brand in order to achieve the goals and objectives. A well-
defined brand strategy shakes all parts of a
Module 5
business and is directly linked to customer needs, wants, emotions, and competitive surroundings.
Experts believe that a good brand can result in better loyalty for its customers, a better
corporate image and a more relevant identity.
As more customers continue to differentiate between emotional and experienced

companies, a brand may be the first step forward in your competition instead of price points
and product features. The question is, can you build a brand which truly talks to your
audience?
Branding is a powerful and sustainable high-level marketing strategy used to create or

influence a brand. Branding as a strategy to distinguish products and companies and to build
economic value to both customers and to brand owners, is described by Pickton and
Broderick in 2001.
Commonly Used Branding Strategies
1) Purpose
"Every brand makes a promise. But in a market in which customer confidence is little
and budgetary observance is great, it’s not just making a promise that separates one brand
from another, but having a significant purpose," (Allen Adamson).
How can you define your business purpose? According to Business Strategy Insider,
purpose can be viewed in two ways:
a. Functional. This way focuses on the assessments of success in terms of fast and
profitable reasons. For example, the purpose of the business is to make money.
b. Intentional. This way focuses on fulfillment as it relates to the capability to generate
money and do well in the world.
2) Consistency
The significance of consistency is to avoid things that don’t relate to or improve your
brand. Consistency aids to brand recognition, which fuels customer loyalty.
Module 5
3) Emotion
There should be an emotional voice, whispering "Buy me". This means you allow the
customers to have the chance to feel that they are part of your brand.
You should find ways to connect more deeply and emotionally with your customers.
Make them feel part of the family and use emotion to build relationships and promote brand
loyalty.
4) Flexibility
Marketers should remain flexible too in this rapidly changing world. Consistency
targets at setting the standard for your brand, flexibility allows you to adjust and differentiate
your approach from your competition.
According to Kevin Budelmann, "Effective identity programs require sufficient

consistency to be identifiable, but sufficient variation to keep things fresh and human," so if
your old tactics don't work anymore, don't be afraid to change. It doesn’t mean it worked in
the past it may still work now.
5) Employee Involvement
It is equally important for your employees to be well versed in how they communicate
with customers and represent the brand of your product.
6) Loyalty
Loyalty is an important part of brand strategy. At the end of the day, the emphasis on a
positive relationship between you and your existing customers sets the tone for what potential
customers can expect from doing business with you.
7) Competitive Awareness
Do not be frightened of competition. Take it as a challenge to improve your branding
strategy and craft a better value in your brand.
Module 5
What’s More
A. Draw to Survive
Direction: Create a Concept Map for the 7 P’s of Marketing Mix. Create your Concept
Map in your activity notebook.
Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description
15 The illustration of the concept map is clear and complete.
12 The illustration of the concept map is complete.
9 The illustration of the concept map is lacking 1.
6 The illustration of the concept map is lacking 2
3 The illustration of the concept map is lacking 3.
Module 5
B. My Imaginary Product
Draw your product and give it a name. Follow the task guide bellow. Draw it in your activity
notebook. Then, write a short explanation by describing the product and why you come up
with its name.
Who are your

Target Market? What is your
Suitable Name for the
Product ?
(age, gender, Product
(description)
income)
Suitable Color for the Suitable shape for the Suitable Material for
Packaging Packaging the Packaging
Justify your Brand

Sketch the Product, Create a Brand
Name using the
sketch the logo Name
Branding Strategies
Draw your product in your Activity Notebook.
Module 5
Here are some useful phrases that may help you with your tasks and explanations:
My Target Market is/are ,

that is why I choose this product.
I would like to introduce my new product .
I chose the name because
.
You can use it to
I chose the Brand Name because
Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description
The imaginary product is illustrated with a unique the brand name. There is an
15
explanation describing the product and its name.
The imaginary product is illustrated with a brand name. There is an
12
explanation describing the product and its name
The imaginary product is illustrated with a brand name. There is an
9
explanation describing the product.
6 The imaginary product is illustrated with a brand name.
3 The imaginary product is illustrated.
Module 5
Generalization
You have learned a lot from this module. You already understand all the concepts from
the 7 Ps in the Marketing Mix to Developing a Brand Name.
Marketing mix constitutes of the 7P’s in the case of products – product, price, place and
promotion. In case of services, it constitutes of 3 more P’s – people, packaging and
positioning.
All P's should be compatible in the marketing mix. The price is compatible with the
product's placement. The product must be consistent with the promotion. In general, all P 's
are connected intrinsically.
As a result, when you make a marketing mix, it becomes a chain of strong bonds. Then
these connections will lead you to lengthen the chain. Whenever you plan to add or change
existing features, you need to see the general image which helps create a fresh product in the
marketing mix.
Branding is absolutely critical to a business because of the overall impact it makes on
your company. Branding can change how people percept your brand, it can drive new
business further and increase brand awareness.
Am I Important?
Let’s go deeper! Write the importance of each lesson in your life as a future
entrepreneur? Write your answers in your activity notebook.
Lesson 1: The Marketing Mix (7P’s) in Relation to the Business Opportunity

What I want to say about the lesson:
Lesson 2: Develop a Brand Name

What I want to say about the lesson:
Module 5
What I Can Do
Paste the P’s

Look for newspapers or magazines. Find and identify pictures related to the P’s
in Marketing Mix. Cut out the pictures, sort and paste them on the box, then write a
short description on the line next to the picture. Do it in your activity notebook.
PICTURE 1
PICTURE 2
PICTURE 3
PICTURE 4
Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description
15 The table is complete with pictures and the descriptions are correct.
12 The table is lacking one (1) picture and the descriptions are correct.
9 The table is lacking two (2) pictures and the descriptions are correct.
6 The table is lacking three (3) pictures and the descriptions are correct.
3 The table is lacking one (4) picture and the descriptions are correct.
Module 5
Post Assessment
Identification
Write the word or phrase that is being described or completes the thought of each
statement.
1. It is a set of controllable and interrelated variables composed of

product, place, price and promotions that a company assembles to
satisfy a target group better than its competitor.
2. The amount of money that a customer pays for to enjoy a product or
service.
3. It is any initiative undertaken by an organization to promote an
increase in sales, usage or trial of a product or service
4. It occurs when an individual salesperson sells a product, service or
solution to a client.
5. It can be intangible or tangible as it can be in the form of services or
goods.
6. The way your product or service appears from the outside.
7. A marketing model that modifies the 4Ps model.
8. It is responsible for every element of your sales, marketing
strategies, and activities.
9. It refers to how a business creates awareness in the market.
10. It claims a new space in the mind of the customer different from the
spaces occupied by existing products.
11. The ultimate marketing strategy.
12. This is where your product or service is actually sold.
13. The place occupied by products in the hearts and minds of the
consumers.
14. A name, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes a seller's goods
or services in the marketplace.
15. A powerful and sustainable high-level marketing strategy used to
create or influence a brand.
Module 5
Additional Activities
The Power of Color!
Below are different colors. Think of a particular product or company that you
can identify with each color. Write your answers in the box beside each color.
RED- ex.CHOWKING
BLUE-
BLACK-
YELLOW-
ORANGE-
GREEN-
Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description
The diagram is complete with the right brand written in its corresponding
15
color.
The diagram is lacking one (1) with the right brand written in its
12
corresponding color.
The diagram is lacking two (2) with the right brand written in its
9
The diagram is lacking three (3) with the right brand written in its
6
The diagram is lacking four (4) with the right brand written in its
3
This is the end of Module five (5). You did a great job! It is Indeed an achievement.
Congratulations!!! Hard work pays off and you really proved it!!! Try to learn more about
Entrepreneurship in the next Modules. Thank you for being patient, honest, and committed.
Module 5
QUARTER CHALLENGE 1
Instructions: Recall what you learned. Shade or darken the letter that
corresponds to the BEST answer. There is only one BEST answer
for each question.
O O O O 1. The entrepreneurs who create new ideas are called

A. Innovative C. Fabian
B. Imitating D. Drone
O O O O 2. The entrepreneur who lives on the labor of others is called
A. Drone C. Imitating
B. Fabian D. Innovative
O O O O 3. These are entrepreneurs who are to follow the path shown by
innovative entrepreneurs.
A. Innovative C. Social Entrepreneurs
B. Imitating D. Fabian
O O O O 4. Which of the following is NOT a function of an entrepreneur?
A. Skills management C. Conduct research
B. Risk taking D. Make no changes with his product
O O O O 5. Entrepreneur means:
A. Risk taker C. To research
B. To undertake D. To improve standard of living
O O O O 6. It is a personality factor which means “doing things even before
being told”
A. proactive C. persuasion
B. perseverance D. initiative
O O O O 7. It is a personality factor which means convincing customers to buy
the product
A. Proactive C. Self-confidence
B. Persuasion D. Risk taker
O O O O 8. Which of the choices is NOT part of the environmental factors?
A. Political C. climate
B. Weather condition D. family background of the manager
O O O O 9. All except one does NOT belong to the group, which one is it?
A. Unfair trade practices C. Political protest
B. Strikes D. Product
O O O O 10. The entrepreneur who is skeptical about the changes in the company is
called?
A. Fabian C. Drone
B. Social entrepreneur D. Imitating
Module 5
O O O O 11. The following are the forces competing within the industry except one,
which one is it?
A. Potential new entrants and Substitute Products
B. Buyers and Suppliers
C. Rivalry among existing firms
D. Needs and Wants
O O O O 12. They are the ones that provide something that is needed or wanted.
A. Buyers C. Buyers
B. Competitors D. Sellers
O O O O 13. It refers to the physical environment, societal environment, and industry
environment where the business operates.
A. Entrepreneurial mind frame C. Entrepreneurial heart flame
B. External Environment D. Entrepreneurial heart frame
O O O O 14. They are the ones who enter something.
A. Buyers C. Suppliers
B. new entrants D. Sellers
For questions 15 to 16 refer to the following statements:
A. Substantial capital requirement
B. Substitute products are not readily available in the market
C. Difficulty in accessing distribution channels
D. The product or service is unique
E. Characteristics of the products or services
F. Increased capacity
O O O O 15. In Potential New Entrants the intensity of its threat will be affected by the
presence of the following barriers.
A. A and C C. A only
B. A, B, C and D D. All of the above
O O O O 16. In rivalry among existing firms, the industry is attributable to the following
factors.
A. E and F C. A and B
B. A, B, C and D D. All of the above
O O O O 17. Which of the following includes the industry environment of the business?
A. Competitors C. Creditors
B. Customers D. All of the above
O O O O 18. It is the process of considering, evaluating, and pursuing market- based
activities that are believed to be advantageous for the firm.
A. Opportunity seeking C. Opportunity screening
B. Opportunity seizing D. Sources of opportunity
O O O O 19. This is essential to opportunity-seeking which allows the entrepreneur to
see things in a positive and optimistic light in the midst of crisis or
difficult situations.
B. Entrepreneurial gut game D. Entrepreneurial heart frame
Module 5
O O O O 20. It is the ability of entrepreneur that can sense without using the five senses,
also known as intuition.
B. Entrepreneurial gut game D. Entrepreneurial heart frame
O O O O 21. What is the function of Value Proposition?

A. used to power up sales
B. determine customers buying habits
C. convince customer to purchase a particular product or services.
D. provide value to your customers
O O O O 22. This is an example of promotion using Value Proposition and Unique Selling
Proposition.
A. fruit shake stand
B. with the slogan “Langhap Sarap”
C. ordinary sari-sari store
D. multinational business
O O O O 23. These are the types of requirements, which one is a type of customer requirement?
A. service responsibility C. service requirement
B. service-oriented D. service fulfillment
O O O O 24. This is considered as favorable indicators for doing business in a particular
location.
A. structure of the segment C. size and growth of the segment
B. capability of the business D. segmentation marketing
O O O O 25. What is market size?
A. Tangible things that can be seen
B. The most important part to the success of the company
C. Size of arena where the entrepreneur will play their business
D. Another variation of segmentation marketing
O O O O 26. This refers to how you sell your products or services to your customer.
A. Value proposition C. Selling proposition
B. Marketing concept D. Unique selling proposition
O O O O 27. Service requirement is a thing or product that cannot be
touched but the customer can feel the fulfillment of buying or using it.
A. Intangible C. Service
B. Tangible D. Output
O O O O 28. The following are tips for the entrepreneur on how to create an effective
unique selling proposition to the target customers, except
A. Completeness of proportion
B. Identify and rank the uniqueness of the product or services
characteristic.
C. Be Very specific
D. Keep it short and simple
Module 5
O O O O 29. will determine the entrepreneur’s possible
customers in one locality.
A. Market design C. Market strategy
B. Market size D. Market research
O O O O 30. The following are variables to consider in behavioral segmentation, except.
A. perception C. reaction
B. brand concept D. benefits
O O O O 31. It is the most common way to gather primary information/data with the use
of questionnaires or interview schedule.
A. Interview C. Survey
B. Focus group discussion D. Data gathering
O O O O 32. It is the traditional method of data collection which is normally done on a
face-to-face manner with the respondents.
A. personal interview C. survey
B. focus group discussion D. data gathering
O O O O 33. It refers to a type of focus group discussion where it obtains information on
general attitudes, understands the circumstances under which customers
might require your product or service, and
understand their desired outcomes.
A. trend explanation C. feature prioritization
B. exploratory D. comparative analysis
O O O O 34. It is a type of FGD where customers go to get similar information, services
or products and what attracts them to those resources.
O O O O 35. A data gathering technique where it can be moderated to group interviews
and brainstorming sessions that provide information on user’s needs and
behaviors.
A. personal interview C. survey
B. focus group discussion D. data gathering
O O O O 36. It refers to information gathered directly from the respondents who answered
a set of questions.
A. primary research C. survey
B. secondary research D. data gathering
O O O O 37. It is a type of discussions in FGD if trade-offs have to be made among
various customer needs.
O O O O 38. A data gathering technique where it can be done via direct mail, over the
phone, internet or e-mail.
A. data gathering C. focus group discussion
B. survey D. personal interview
Module 5
O O O O 39. It is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting the information
about the product or the services to be offered for sale in the market, the
market and about past, present and any potential consumers for the
products.
A. data gathering C. secondary research
B. primary research D. market research
O O O O 40. It is an important aspect of any type of research study, it can impact the
results of a study and ultimately lead to valid or invalid results.
A. data collection C. secondary research
B. primary research D. market research
O O O O 41. Which one is not a P in Marketing Mix?
A. Price B. People C. Participant D. Promotion
O O O O 42. Which statement supports Marketing Mix?
A. The marketing mix is also known as the “M’s” in marketing.
B. Marketing Mix is a set of controllable and connected variables that a
company gathers to satisfy a target group better than its competitor.
C. There are only 4 P’s in Marketing Mix.
D. None of the above
O O O O 43. Select the best definition of Product.
A. A product is an item that is built or produced to satisfy the needs of a
certain group of people, it can be intangible or tangible.
B. A product is an item that is built or produced primarily to gain profit; it
can be intangible or tangible.
C. A product is an item that is built or produced to compete in the
world of business; it can be intangible or tangible.
O O O O 44. Choose the best statement that applies to Consumer Goods.
A. A buyer of consumer goods must have complete knowledge of the goods
he buys and uses.
B. After-sale service is of paramount importance in the case of all
consumer goods.
C. The market for consumer goods is affected by technological
changes.
D. A buyer of consumer goods may not have thorough knowledge of the
goods he buys and uses.
O O O O 45. What factors would change in the distribution channel if there will be no Intermediary
like producer and consumer?
A. Nothing will take place, since it has no intermediary levels. In this case
the manufacturer cannot sell to customers.
B. Direct-marketing will take place, since it has no intermediary levels. In
this case the manufacturer sells directly to customers.
C. The company will utilize technology to reach the customers.
D. All of the above
Module 5
O O O O 46. What is the advantage of Penetration Pricing?
A. A firm has three options and these are to price lower, price the same
or price higher than competitors
B. A firm can create the perception that the products must have a higher
value than competing products because the prices are higher.
C. The company earns more through cross-selling products along with a
basic core product.
D. The company will gain market share because the price charged for
products and services is set artificially low.
O O O O 47. Promotions refer to the partial set of activities, which communicate the
product, brand or service to the user. The idea is to make people
aware, attract and induce to buy the product, in preference over
others. Find the error.
A. partial set of activities
B. which communicates the product
C. idea is to make people aware, attract and induce to buy the
product
D. No error
O O O O 48. How would you promote a product?
A. By offering Free Gifts, Free Samples, Free Trial, Customer
Contests, Special Pricing
B. By offering Brochure, Catalogues, Fliers, Newsletters
C. By offering Post cards, Coupons, Email, Phone calls, Text
messages
O O O O 49. The following are interpretations of the word Brand except
A. a legal instrument
B. a logo
C. a business
D. a vision
O O O O 50. How can you define your business's purpose?
A. Purpose can be defined in two ways: Functional which focuses on the
evaluations of success in terms of immediate and
commercial reasons and Intentional which focuses on success as it
relates to the ability to make money and do well in the world.
B. Purpose can be defined in two ways: National which focuses on the
evaluations of success within the country for commercial reasons and
International which focuses on success as it relates to other countries to
make money and do well in the world.
C. All of the above
Module 5
Answer Key
Module 5
References
BOOKS
Aduana, N. L. (2017). Entrepreneurship in Philippine Setting (for Senior High School).

C & E Publishing, Inc.
Asor, W. B. (2009). Entrepreneurship in the Philippine setting. Manila: Rex Book Store. Batisan, R.
S. (n.d.). Diwa Senior High School Series: Entrepreneurship. Legaspi
Village, Makati City Philippines: Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
De Guzman, A. A. (2018). Entrepreneurship (For Senior High School, Applied subject, Abm
Strand). Lorimar Publishing, Inc..
Edralin, D. M. (2016). Entrepreneurship. Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal Group. Habaradas,
R. B., & Tullao, T. S. (2016). Pathways to Entrepreneurship. Phoenics
Publishing House.
Morato, E. A. (2016). Entrepreneurship. Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Printing
Company.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
5, Z. J., 15, M. A., 19, E. O., 4, L. A., 18, B. J., 12, M. C., . . . 8, R. B. (2021, July 22).
Marketing Mix Definition - 4Ps & 7Ps of the Marketing Mix. Retrieved from
https://marketingmix.co.uk/
Branding Perth " Build Equity into your Brand. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.luminosity.com.au/what-we-do/brand/branding-explained/
Chand, S. (2014, January 3). 5 Basic Functions of Packaging in Marketing a Product. Your
Article Library. Retrieved from
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/5-basic- functions-of-packaging-in-
marketing-a-product/22204
Claessens, W. B. (2020, March 21). What is a Price? - Definition of Price - Marketing-
Insider. Retrieved from https://marketing-insider.eu/what-is-a-price
Corporate Finance Institute. (2020, July 16). Market Positioning. Retrieved from
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/strategy/market- positioning/
J. (2013). Branding ppt. Https://Www.Slideshare.Net/Jwayne2013/Branding-Ppt-
16015717. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/jwayne2013/branding-ppt-16015717
Jesnoewski, A. (2018, November 19). Four ways to identify more business opportunities.
SmartCompany. Retrieved from
https://www.smartcompany.com.au/startupsmart/advice/business-planning/four- ways-to-
identify-more-business-opportunities/
Marketing: Distribution Channels (GCSE). (nd). Tutor2u. Retrieved from
https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/marketing-distribution-channels
Santos, E. (n.d.). Marketing mix the 7 p's of marketing. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/elisantos11/marketing-mix-the-7-ps-of-marketing
Stec, C. (2020, November 13). Brand Strategy 101: 7 Essentials for Strong Company
Branding. Retrieved from
https://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/31739/7-components- that
comprise-a-comprehensive-brand-strategy.aspx
Tracy, B. (2004, May 17). The 7 Ps of Marketing. Retrieved from
https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/70824
Module 5
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
Module 5

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CO_Q1_Entrepreneurship SHS

Development Team of the Module:

Authors: Joel Y. Yacas Janice B. Dominguez

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Regional Office 10 Office

For the Learner

After reading this module, you should be able to:

1. describe the Concept of Marketing Mix;

 Read the texts carefully

The 7 P’s of Marketing Mix

The two (2) types of products

Consumer Goods Business Goods

There are a number of middlemen in The manufacturers of industrial goods

Sales Promotion Technique

Forms of Direct Marketing

Brochure Catalogs Fliers Newsletters Post cards

Five Basic Functions of Packaging

Packaging of medicine and some food products is required to provide information on

ii. Engineering tests:

iii. Visual tests:

iv. Dealer tests:

Steps of the Positioning Process

Step 1: Confirm Your Understanding of Market Dynamics

Step 3: Choose Competitive Advantages That Define Your Niche

How to Create an Effective Market Positioning Strategy?

1. Determine company uniqueness by comparing to competitors

3. Competitor positioning analysis

4. Develop a positioning strategy

As more customers continue to differentiate between emotional and experienced

Branding is a powerful and sustainable high-level marketing strategy used to create or

Commonly Used Branding Strategies

According to Kevin Budelmann, "Effective identity programs require sufficient

Rubrics for Scoring

Who are your

Justify your Brand

Draw your product in your Activity Notebook.

My Target Market is/are ,

I would like to introduce my new product .

I chose the name because

I chose the Brand Name because

Rubrics for Scoring

Lesson 1: The Marketing Mix (7P’s) in Relation to the Business Opportunity

Lesson 2: Develop a Brand Name

Paste the P’s

Rubrics for Scoring

1. It is a set of controllable and interrelated variables composed of

Rubrics for Scoring

O O O O 1. The entrepreneurs who create new ideas are called

O O O O 21. What is the function of Value Proposition?

Aduana, N. L. (2017). Entrepreneurship in Philippine Setting (for Senior High School).

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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