Post task - Final activity

Individual work

Alvaro
Group 25
Identification number: 91421091

Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2024-25-05
 Exercises development

Activity
Application exercises:
For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the group
number and CCC to the last 3 digits of the identification number.
GG = 25
CCC = 091
1. An electromagnetic wave of f =091 MHz is transmitted from the bottom of a ship to
a receiver located at p=200 m depth. The wave is emitted with an advance angle of

(
c= 2+
25
2)°=14.5 ° . Determine the time it takes for the wave to reach the receiver.

Figure 1: wave propagation in open media.

For development, follow the following steps:

a. Calculate the tangent of losses tan(δ)=σ /ω ε .

σ σ
tan ( δ )= =
ωε 2 π . f . εr . εo
4
tan ( δ )=
6
2 π∗(091∗10 Hz)∗(80)∗
NM
2(
8.8542∗10−12 C 2
)
tan ( δ )=9.876416

−1
δ =tan (9.876416)=84.2184 °
b. Classify the behavior of the medium.

c. Calculate the propagation parameters of the wave γ , α and β .

Propagation constant γ (Gamma)

ω=2 π∗f =2 π∗( 91 x 106 )=0.57177 x 109 rad / seg

−6
μ=μ r μ 0=1.2566 ×10
−10
ε =ε r ε 0=7.08336 × 10
σ =4

γ = √ jωμ(σ + jωε)

√
γ = j ( 0.5717 × 10 ) ( 1.2566 ×10 ) ( ( 4+ j ( 0.57177 ×10 ) ( 7.08336 × 10
9 −6 9 −10
) ))

γ =36.039+ 39.8724 j
 Np
α =36.03919
m
Rad
β=39.87247
m

d. Calculate the propagation speed of the V p wave. V p=ω/ β

ω
V P=
β

9
0.5717 ×10 rad / seg
V P= =14339963.9715
39.87247

e. Calculate the distance d between the ship and the submarine. d=P /cos ( c ).
c=14.5 °
P
d=
cos ( c )
 200 200
d= = =206.58 m
cos ⁡(14.5 ° ) 0.9659

f. Calculate the time it takes for the wave to reach the submarine. t=d /V p
d
t=
VP

206.580062
t=
14339963.9715

−5
t=1.44059 x 10 s

g. Calculate the penetration depth of the wave δp and compare with d . δp=1 /α

1
δ p=
α
1
δ p= =0.02774
36.03919
If we take as reference the value of the distance without absolute value and
the Depth of the wave penetration is greater than the wave, on the other
hand, if the distance is taken positively, it means that the value is higher
where the wave in magnitude is very strong of physical way.
2. From an airplane, which is h 1=2000 m high, a communication signal f =091 MHz is
emitted to a submarine that is h 2=200 m deep, the angle of incidence of the signal

on the sea surface is a= 2+

25
2( )
=14.5 °. Determine the time it takes for the signal to

reach the submarine. Note that Co=3 x 108 m/s.

Figure 2: wave propagation in bounded open media.

For development, follow the following steps:

a. Calculate the distance d 1. (d 1=h1 /sen ( a )) .

h1 2000
d 1= = =7987.8583 m
sen (a) sen (14.5 °)

b. Calculate the velocity of propagation of the wave V p 1 in the air (V p 1=Co/n ),

where n is the “refractive index” of air and Co is the speed of light in a vacuum.

n air =1.0002926

CO 3 x 10
8
6
V p 1= = =299.91 x 10 m/seg
nair 1.0002926
c. Using Snell's Law, calculate the angle of refraction b.
(n ¿ ¿ air Sen ( 90° −a ) =nsea Sen (b))¿

(n ¿ ¿ air Sen ( 90 °−θa ) =n sea Sen(θb ))¿

Sen(θb )¿=¿ ¿ ¿
(1.0002926) Sen (75.5 )
Sen(θb )¿=
11.07

Sen(θb )¿=0.0874825
−1
θb =se n ( 0.0874825)
θb =5.0187 °

d. Calculate the distance d 2. (d 2=h2 /cos ( b ))

d 2=h2∗cos θ 2=200 m cos ( 5.0187 )=199.23 m

e. Calculate the propagation speed of the wave V p 2 at sea (take V pfrom exercise
1).

ω
V P 2=
β
 9
0.5717 ×10 rad / seg m
V P 2= =14339963.9715
39.87247 seg

f. Based on V p 1 and d 1 determine the time t 1of the first path (t ¿ ¿ 1=d 1 /V p 1)¿.
d1 7987.8583 m −5
t 1= = =2.6633 x 10 seg
V P 1 299.91 x 10 6 m/ seg

g. Based on V p 2 and d 2 determine the time t 2of the second path (t 2=d 2 /V p 2).

d2 199.23 m −5
t 2= = =1.3893 x 10 seg
V P2 m
14339963.9715
seg

h. Calculate the total time of the route t=t 1+ t 2.

−5 −5 −5
t=t 1+ t 2=2.6633 x 10 seg +1.3893 x 10 seg=4.05271 ×10 s
3. A lossless transmission line has a characteristic impedance of Z 0=50 Ω, a length

(
of L= 2+ )
25
2
=14.5 m and is excited by a signal of f =091 MHz . The line is

connected to an antenna with load impedance Z L =(35+ j75) Ω . Considering that

V p=2 x 10 m/s, calculate:
8

a. Wavelength λ .
VP 2 x 10
8
λ= = 6
=2.197802 m
f 091 x 10

b. Electrical length l .
L 14.5 m
l= = =6.5975
λ 200
m
91

c. Input impedance Z ¿.
Z L + j Z 0 tan ⁡( 2 π l)
Z ¿∗¿ Z 0
Z 0+ j Z L tan ⁡( 2 π l)

Z ( 35+ j 75 ) + j 50 tan ⁡(2∗π∗6.5975)

¿=¿50 ¿
50+ j ( 35+ j 75 ) tan ⁡(2∗π∗6.5975)
 Z ¿=213.4447−94.6656 j

d. Reflection coefficient Γ (magnitude and phase).

Z L−Z 0 35+ j 75−50

T= =
Z L + Z 0 35+ j 75+50

T =0.3385+ 0.5836 j

Mg=√ (0.33)2 +(0.58)2=√ 0.4453=0.6673

e. VSWR.

1+|T| 1−|0.6673|
= =0.1995
1−|T | 1+|0.6673|

f. Check the results c, d and e with the Smith 4.1 software.

 Figure 3: Transmission line.

References

Reference 1: Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston:

Academic Press, (pp. 519-524). Recovered from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-
11live&ebvEB&ppid=pp_519

Reference 2: Wiley, J. & Sons Ltd. (2003). Electromagnetic Wave Propagation.

Fixed Broadband Wireless. (pp. 25-70). Recovered from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/
lon.aspx? direct=true&db=aci&AN=14505422&lang=es&site=ehost-live

Reference 3: Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston:

Academic Press. (pp. 519-524). Wiley. J. & Sons Ltd. (2003). Electromagnetic Wave
Propagation. Fixed Broadband Wireless. (pp. 25-70). Recovered