SST - PYQs

Social Science
DELHI
2023 CBSE Solved Paper
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
(i) This question paper contains 37 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question paper comprises six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F.
(iii) Section A – Question no. 1 to 20 are Multiple Choice Questions of 1 mark each.
(iv) Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question
should not exceed 40 words.
(v) Section C – Question no. 25 to 29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question
(vi) Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question
(vii) Section E – Question no. 34 to 36 are Case based/Source based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
(viii) Section F – Question no. 37 is map skill based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37(i) from History (2 marks) and
37(ii) from Geography (3 marks).
(ix) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
(x) In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
(a) The flow of trade (b) The flow of labour

Section-A
(c) The flow of capital (d) The flow of technology
1. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose 4. Who among the following improved the steam engine?
the correct option: (1 Mark)
(1 Mark)
(i) Napoleonic wars
(a) James Watt (b) Thomas Edison
(ii) The Treaty of Vienna
(c) Benjamin Franklin (d) Alexander Fleming
(iii) Greek Struggle for Independence
5. Which one of the following is an example of the Ferrous
(iv) Slav Nationalism in Ottoman Empire
Metal? (1 Mark)
(a) (iii), (ii), (i) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(a) Copper (b) Tin
(c) (iv), (iii), (ii) and (i) (d) (iv), (ii), (iii) and (i)
(c) Bauxite (d) Nickel
2. Which one of the following aspects was common among
the writings of Kailashbashini Debi, Tarabai Shinde and 6. Match the Column-I with Column-II and choose the
Pandita Ramabai? (1 Mark) correct option: (1 Mark)
(a) Demanded economic equality for masses. Column-I Column-II
(b) Highlighted the experiences of women. (Resources) (Example)
(c) Raised awareness about cultural heritage. I. Biological 1. Coal
(d) Motivated Indians for their national freedom. II. Renewable 2. Wildlife
3. There were three important developments that greatly III. Non-renewable 3. Solar Energy
shrank the pre-modern world. Identify the incorrect one (a) I–1; II–3; III–2 (b) I–3; II–2; III–1
from the following options: (1 Mark) (c) I–2; II–3; III–1 (d) I–1; II–2; III–3
7. Which of the following is correctly matched? (1 Mark) How much is the Net Absence Ratio of Haryana?
(a) Alluvial Soil - Consist of sand and silt Choose the appropriate option from the following:
(b) Black Soil - Salt content is high (a) 39 (b) 27
(c) 38 (d) 18
(c) Arid Soil - Diffusion of iron in crystalline
13. Which one of the following is a developmental goal of the
(d) Laterite Soil - Made up of Lava flows
factory workers? (1 Mark)
8. Which of the following countries has better rank in (a) Better wages (b) Better technology
Human Development Index? (1 Mark)
(c) More hours of work (d) More labour work
(a) Afghanistan (b) Myanmar 14. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(c) India (d) Nepal (1 Mark)
9. Which one of the following sectors contribute highest in (a) Primary Sector - Flower Cultivator
the GDP of India? (1 Mark) (b) Secondary Sector - Milk Vendor
(a) Primary (b) Secondary (c) Tertiary Sector - Fisherman
(c) Tertiary (d) Quaternary (d) Manufacturing Sector - Gardener
10. Why did the Indian government liberalize trade regulations 15. Consider the following statements on Power Sharing and
in 1991? (1 Mark) choose the correct option: (1 Mark)
(a) Government wanted foreign exchange equivalent to (i) Majoritarianism is the real spirit of democracy.
Indian Currency. (ii) It creates balance and harmony in different groups.
(b) Government wanted to maintain good relations with (iii) It reduces the possibility of conflict among social groups.
Western Countries. (iv) Power sharing is the essence of democracy.
(c) Government wanted Indian producers to compete in (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
the World Market. (c) (i), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) Government wanted to provide socio-economic 16. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and
justice to all. Reason (R). (1 Mark)
11. Read the following statements about Human Development Read the statements and choose the correct option:
and choose the correct option: (1 Mark) Assertion (A): Sri Lanka adopted ‘Tamil’ as the official
(i) It is the composite Index prepared by United Nations language of the State.
Development Programme (UNDP). Reason (R): The Govt. of Sri Lanka adopted a series of
majoritarian measures.
(ii) Parameters to measure it are Longevity, Literacy and
Per Capital Income. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
(iii) Countries are ranked according to Developed and
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct
Low Developing countries.
explanation of (A).
(iv) World Bank also prepares report of Human (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
Development on the basis of Quality of Life.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
17. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv) option: (1 Mark)
12. Read the following data and answer the question that Column-I Column-II
follow: (1 Mark) (Subjects) (List)
Some comparative Data on Haryana, I. Banks 1. Concurrent List
Kerala and Bihar II. Agriculture 2. Union List
State Infant Literacy Net
III. Education 3. State List
Mortality Rate Rate % Attendance
(per thousand Ratio (per IV. Computer 4. Residuary Subjects
person) 100 person) (a) I–4; II–3; III–1; IV–2
Haryana 30 82 61 (b) I–3; II–4; III–1; IV–2
Kerala 7 94 83 (c) I–2; II–3; III–1; IV–4
Bihar 32 62 43 (d) I–4; II–2; III–1; IV–3
312 SOCIAL SCIENCE

18. Identify the administrative level of Indian Government
with the help of the information given in the box and Section-D
choose the correct option: (1 Mark) 30. (a) Examine the progress of the Civil Disobedience
(i) Power shared between Central to Local Government. Movement in the countryside. (5 Marks)
(ii) The State Governments are required to share some OR
powers and revenue with them. (b) Analyze the ways through which people of different
(iii) It is called a three tier government. communities developed a sense of collective
belonging in India.
(a) Dictatorial System (b) Unitary Federal System
31. (a) How is pipeline transport network important in the
(c) Decentralized System (d) Imperialistic System
transport system of India? Explain with an example.
19. Which one of the following country has two party system? (5 Marks)
(1 Mark) OR
(a) China (b) Russia (b) How have physical and economic factors influenced
(c) America (d) India the distribution pattern of the Indian Railway
20. Which type of government is likely to be more acceptable Network? Explain with examples.
to the people in the world? (1 Mark) 32. (a) “Democracy stands much superior to any other forms
(a) Democratic (b) Military of governments in promoting dignity and freedom
of the individual.” Support the statement with
(c) Dictatorship (d) Theocratic
arguments. (5 Marks)
Section-B OR
(b) “Democracy produces an accountable, responsive and
21. (a) Explain any two methods that were used by the legitimate government.” Support the statement with
Europeans for the recruitment of the indentured arguments.
labours. (2 Marks) 33. (a) Justify the role of ‘Self Help Groups’ in the rural
OR economy. (5 Marks)
(b) How did the ‘small pox’ prove as the most powerful OR
weapon of the Spanish conquerors in the mid- (b) “Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the
sixteenth century? Explain. country’s development.” Justify the statement.
22. “Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.” Support
the statement with examples. (2 Marks) Section-E
23. “Different persons can have different developmental 34. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
goals.” Support the statement with an example. (2 Marks) Why Newspapers?
24. “Women face discrimination in various ways in our ‘Krishnaji Trimbuck Ranade inhabitant of Poona intends
society.” Explain any two ways. (2 Marks) to publish a Newspaper in the Marathi Language with
a view of affording useful information on every topic
Section-C of local interest. It will be open for free discussion on
25. “Ideas of national unity in the early nineteenth century subjects of general utility, scientific investigation and
Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism.” the speculations connected with the antiquities, statistics,
Examine the statement. (3 Marks) curiosities, history and geography of the country and of
26. Explain any three institutional reforms taken for the the Deccan especially...the patronage and support of all
interested in the diffusion of knowledge and Welfare of
development of Indian agriculture. (3 Marks)
the People is earnestly solicited.’ Bombay Telegraph and
27. How is information technology connected with
Courier, 6 January, 1849
globalization? Explain. (3 Marks)
‘The task of the native newspapers and political
28. Analyze the need of Political Parties in the Democracy. associations is identical to the role of the Opposition in
(3 Marks) the House of Commons in Parliament in England. That
29. (a)
Why is ‘Tertiary Sector’ becoming important in is of critically examining government policy to suggest
India? Explain. (3 Marks) improvements, by removing those parts that will not be
OR to the benefit of the people, and also by ensuring speedy
(b) Why is there a need to protect workers in the implementation. These associations ought to carefully
Unorganized Sector? Explain. study the particular issues, gather diverse relevant
CBSE 2023 (DELHI) 313

information on the nation as well as on what are the languages. Of these 22 languages are now included in
possible and desirable improvements, and this will surely the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution and are
earn it considerable influence.’ therefore called ‘Scheduled Languages’. Others are called
Native Opinion, 3 April, 1870 ‘Non-Scheduled Languages’. In terms of languages, India
(i) Explain the main reason of publishing newspaper by is perhaps the most diverse country in the world.
Krishnaji? (1 Mark) (i) Explain the importance of language diversity in India.
(ii) How was the task of native newspaper and political (1 Mark)
association seen identical to the role of opposition? (ii) Differentiate between Scheduled and Non-Scheduled
(1 Mark) Languages. (1 Mark)
(iii) Analyze the reasons of popularity of newspapers (iii) ‘The fusion of languages has united the country into
during 19th century. (2 Marks) one cultural entity.’ Explain the statement with an
35. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow: example. (2 Marks)
Rainwater Harvesting
Section-F
Many thought that given the disadvantages and rising
resistance against the multi purpose projects, water 37. (i) Two places A and B have been marked on the given
harvesting system was a viable alternative, both socio- political outline map of India. Identify them with
economically and environmentally. In ancient India, along the help of given information and write their correct
with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed names on the lines drawn near them.
an extraordinary tradition of water harvesting system. A. The place where Mahatma Gandhi started
People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and Satyagraha for Indigo peasants. (1 Mark)
soil types and developed wide ranging techniques to B. The place where the session of Indian National
harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and flood Congress held in December, 1920. (1 Mark)
water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and (ii) On the same outline map of India locate and label
their water needs. In hill and mountainous regions, people any three of the following with suitable symbols:
built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the (3 Marks)
Western Himalayas for agriculture. ‘Rooftop rainwater (a) Tehri Dam
harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking (b) Naraura Atomic Power Station
water, particularly in Rajasthan. In the flood plains of (c) Pune Software Technology Park
Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate (d) Haldia Sea Port
their fields. In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields
were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed
the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in
Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
(i) Why is water harvesting system a viable alternative?
(1 Mark)
(ii) Describe the process of ‘rooftop rainwater harvesting.’
(1 Mark)
(iii) Mention any two methods adopted by ancient India
for water conservation. (2 Marks)
36. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
Language Diversity of India
How many languages do we have in India? The answer
depends on how one counts it. The latest information
that we have is from the Census of India held in 2011.
This census recorded more than 1300 distinct languages
which people mentioned as their mother tongues.
These languages were grouped together under some
major languages. For example languages like Bhojpuri,
Magadhi, Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani
and many others were grouped together under ‘Hindi’.
Even after this grouping, the Census found 121 major
314 SOCIAL SCIENCE

EXPLANATIONS
1. (b) The correct sequence is Napoleonic wars, The Treaty 16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of Vienna, the Great Struggle for Independence and of A. (1 Mark)
Slav Nationalism in Ottoman Empire. (1 Mark) 17. (c) The correct sequence is- I–2, II–3, III–1, IV–4.
2. (b) Highlighting the experiences of women was common (1 Mark)
among the writings of Kailashbashini Debi, Tarabai 18. (c) The given statements is justify that Indian
Shinde and Pandita Ramabai. (1 Mark) Government’s administration is a Decentralised system.
3. (a) The flow of trade (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
4. (a) Among the given options, James Watt improved the 19. (c) United States of America has a two party system.
steam engine. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
5. (d) Among the given options, Nickel is an example of 20. (a) Among the given options, Democratic government is
ferrous metal. (1 Mark) likely to be more acceptable to the people of the world.
6. (c) (Resources) (Examples) (1 Mark)
Biological – Wildlife 21. (a) Two methods used by the Europeans to recruit and
Renewable – Solar Energy retain labour were:
Non-renewable – Coal (1 Mark) (i) Heavy taxes were imposed which could be paid
only by working for wages on plantations and
7. (a) Alluvial soil consists of sand and silt. (1 Mark)
mines. (1 Mark)
8. (c) India has a better rank in Human Development Index
(ii) Inheritance laws were changed so that peasants
when compared with Afghanistan, Nepal and Myanmar.
were displaced from their land. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) OR
9. (c) The tertiary sector contributes highest in the GDP of (b) The most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors
India. (1 Mark) were diseases like smallpox that they carried with
10. (c) The Indian Government liberalized trade regulations them. Because of their long isolation, America’s
in 1991 because government wanted Indian producers original inhabitants had no immunity against these
to compete in the World Market. (1 Mark) diseases that came from Europe. Smallpox proved to
11. (a) The process of human development refers to the be a deadly killer of the native inhabitants.
overall improvement in the well-being and quality (2 Marks)
of life of individuals in a society. The composite 22. The statement; “Agriculture and Industry move hand in
index used for this purpose is prepared by the hand;” highlights the interconnectedness and mutual
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). dependence of these two sectors. Here are some examples
It measures various parameters including longevity that support this statement.
(life expectancy), literacy (education), and per capita (i) Machinery and Equipment: The agricultural
income (economic prosperity). (1 Mark) industry heavily relies on the manufacturing sector
12. (a) According to the given data, to produce advanced machinery and equipment.
The Net Attendance Ratio of Haryana is 61 (per 100 Tractors, combine harvesters, irrigation systems, and
persons). other agricultural machinery are manufactured by the
The Net Absence Ratio can be calculated by industrial sector. These technological advancements
subtracting the Net Attendance Ratio from 100. in machinery have significantly increased agricultural
productivity and efficiency. (1 Mark)
Net Absence Ratio = 100 – Net Attendance Ratio
(ii) Processing and Packaging: After crops are harvested,
Net Absence Ratio = 100 – 61
they often require processing and packaging before
Net Absence Ratio = 39 (1 Mark) reaching the consumers. The industrial sector plays a
13. (a) The development goal of factory workers is better crucial role in providing the necessary infrastructure
wages. Factory workers often strive for improved and technology for processing agricultural products.
pay and working conditions as a key aspect of their For example, food processing factories transform raw
development and well-being. (1 Mark) agricultural materials into various products such as
14. (a) Primary Sector - Flower Cultivator (1 Mark) canned goods, frozen foods, and packaged snacks.
15. (c) The correct statements are (i), (iii) and (iv). (1 Mark) (1 Mark)

23. People seek things that are most important for them, i.e., (i) Green Revolution and Agricultural Research
that which can fulfill their aspirations or desires. In fact, Institutions: The Green Revolution, initiated in the
at times, two peoples or groups of people may seek things 1960s, aimed to increase agricultural productivity
which are conflicting. A girl expects as much freedom and through the introduction of high-yielding crop
opportunity as her brother, and he also shares in household varieties, improved irrigation systems, and increased
work. Her brother may not like this. Similarly, to get more use of fertilizers and pesticides. The Indian government
electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this established agricultural research institutions such as
may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
who are displaced–such as tribals. They might resent this and state agricultural universities. (1 Mark)
and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their (ii) Agricultural Marketing Reforms: India has
land. (1½ Marks) introduced various agricultural marketing reforms
So, two things are quite clear: one, different people can to address the challenges faced by farmers in
selling their produce and obtaining fair prices. One
have different developmental goals and two, what may
significant reform is the establishment of regulated
be development for one may not be development for the
agricultural markets or Agricultural Produce Market
other. It may even be destructive for others. (½ Mark)
Committees (APMCs). These reforms aim to improve
24. In India, women are discriminated and disadvantaged in price realization for farmers and promote efficient
the following ways: (Any two) agricultural marketing systems. (1 Mark)
(i) They are not provided with adequate education. Thus, (iii) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
the literacy rate among women is just 54%. (1 Mark) (NREGA): The National Rural Employment
(ii) Most of the labour done by them is unpaid. Guarantee Act, implemented in 2005, is a significant
(1 Mark) institutional reform aimed at providing employment
and income security to rural households. Under
(iii) Due to the preference for the boy child, female
NREGA, the government guarantees 100 days of
feticide is practiced in many parts of the country.
wage employment per year to rural households,
(1 Mark) primarily in agriculture-related activities. By
25. The term ‘liberalism’ comes from the Latin root liber, providing income to rural households, NREGA
which means to be free. contributes to the development of agriculture by
(i) In the political sense, liberalism stood for freedom improving rural purchasing power, stimulating
for the individual and equality of all before the law. demand for agricultural products, and reducing rural-
It emphasized the end of aristocracy and clerical urban migration. (1 Mark)
privileges, a constitution, representative government 27. Information technology is connected with globalization in
through parliament, and the inviolability of private the following ways:
property, drawing its basic foundation from the (i) Communication: Information technology facilitates
French Revolution. (1 Mark) instant communication across borders, enabling the
(ii) From the very beginning, universal suffrage i.e. exchange of ideas, knowledge, and information on a
voting rights was granted only to property-owning global scale. (1 Mark)
men, excluding men without property and all women. (ii) Connectivity: IT infrastructure and the internet
However, throughout the nineteenth century and have connected people and businesses worldwide,
early twenties, many movements were organized enabling seamless global collaborations, trade, and
demanding equal political rights. (1 Mark) outsourcing. (1 Mark)
(iii) Market expansion: Information technology has
(iii) In the economic sense, liberalism stood for the
enabled businesses to reach a global customer base
freedom of markets and the abolition of state-
through E-commerce, digital marketing, and online
imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and platforms, expanding market opportunities and
capital. The creation of railway networks further promoting international trade. (1 Mark)
stimulated national unification and the wave of 28. Political parties have a special role in democracy. They
economic nationalism in general contributed towards perform the following functions: (Any three)
strengthening wider national sentiments. (1 Mark) (i) Political parties set their programmes. During elections,
26. India has implemented several institutional reforms over they prepare their manifestos and present them to
the years to promote the development of its agriculture the people. Through them, people come to know the
sector. Here are three significant institutional reforms that national problems and then form their own opinions.
have been undertaken: (1 Mark)
316 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(ii) Political parties help in the formulation of public 30. (a) (i) In the countryside, rich peasant communities,
opinion. (1 Mark) like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar
(iv) They contest elections. The party that secures a Pradesh-were active participants. (1 Mark)
majority in the election, forms the government. (ii)
They participated in the Movement because
(1 Mark) they suffered the most due to the economic
(v) The party with minority membership forms the depression. As their cash income disappeared,
opposition. (1 Mark) they found it impossible to pay the government’s
(vi) The political parties give political education and revenue demand. (1 Mark)
training to the people. (1 Mark) (iii) They demanded a reduction in revenue but
29. (a) There are many reasons why the service sector is the government refused to do so. This led to
becoming so important in India. Some of the reasons widespread resentment. These rich landlords
are being discussed here: (Any three) participated in the boycott programmes, and
(i) The service/tertiary sector is responsible refused to pay revenues. For them, the fight for
for providing public transportation, medical Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues.
services, banking, and post office services under (1 Mark)
the Government. (1 Mark) (iv) But they were deeply disappointed when the
(ii) This sector offers employment for poor and movement was called off in 1931 without
unskilled workers. (1 Mark) the revenue rates being revised. So when the
(iii) This sector determines the national income and movement was restarted in 1932, many of them
per capita income of the country. (1 Mark) did not participate. (1 Mark)
(iv) The sector helps in the development of the (v) The poor peasantry also participated on a large
agricultural industry. It also helps to flourish other scale in the hope that their unpaid rent to the
industries like trade, transport, storage etc. landlords would be remitted. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) OR
(v) This sector flourishes in tourism, retail, schools (b) In India, a sense of collective belonging among people
and private hospitals. (1 Mark) from different communities was fostered through
(vi) The tertiary sector helps to flourish services various means.
related to communication and information (i) The nationalist movements during the struggle
technology. (1 Mark) for independence, led by figures like Mahatma
OR Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, emphasized unity
(b) Workers in the unorganised sector need protection among Indians beyond religious and cultural
because of the following reasons: differences. (1 Mark)
(i) Wages: The income of the workers is not fixed (ii) Freedom struggles like the Non-Cooperation
and they are hardly able to meet the needs to Movement and Quit India Movement brought
lead a decent livelihood. Hence, proper and fixed people from diverse backgrounds together,
wages should be given to these workers so that creating a shared purpose. (1 Mark)
they can grow and contribute to the growth of the (iii) Interactions and cultural exchanges helped break
country. (1 Mark) down barriers and promote understanding.
(ii) Job security: There is no job security in this (1 Mark)
sector, anyone can be fired and removed from (iv) Social and reform movements addressing issues
their work. For example, A labour working in the such as caste discrimination and women’s rights
construction of a building is left with no work encouraged people from different communities to
once the construction is complete and has no join forces against social injustices. (1 Mark)
guarantee of getting work again. (1 Mark)
(v) Post-independence nation-building efforts,
(iii) Health: It is a very important factor for the including the Constitution of India’s emphasis on
growth and development of the country. No secularism and equality, strengthened the sense
medical security is given. If any accident occurs of collective belonging. Therefore, these factors
while working, the employer is not responsible worked together to promote unity, understanding,
for their health. (1 Mark) and a shared identity among Indians. (1 Mark)

31. (a) The pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the (iii) The places that are highly industrialised attract
transportation of India: (Any three) the development of railways.
(i) Transport of crude oil, petroleum products and (iv) Since the growth of both is complementary
natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to to each other, e.g. recendy railway network is
refineries, fertilizer factories, and big thermal enhancing along the industrial corridors
power plants. (1 Mark) 32. (a) Democracy, as a form of government, holds a superior
(ii) Even solids can be transported through pipelines position in promoting the dignity and freedom of the
when converted into a slurry. (1 Mark) individual.
(iii) The far inland locations of refineries and gas-based (i) Firstly, democratic systems are built on the
fertilizer plants could be transported. (1 Mark) principle of popular sovereignty, where power
(iv) The initial cost of laying pipelines is high but resides with the people. This allows individuals
subsequent running costs are minimal. (1 Mark) to participate in decision-making processes,
(v) It rules out transshipment losses or delays. ensuring their voices are heard and their rights
are respected. (2 Marks)
(1 Mark)
(ii) Secondly, democracy provides a framework
Three important networks of pipeline transportation
for the protection of civil liberties and human
in the country: (Any two)
rights through constitutional safeguards and
(i) From the oil field in the upper Assam to Kanpur independent judiciary systems. This ensures that
(UP), via Guwahati, Baraumi and Allahabad.
individuals are granted fundamental freedoms,
(1 Mark) such as freedom of speech, expression, and
(ii) From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab. association. (2 Marks)
Via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. Additionally, democratic governments are accountable
(1 Mark) to the people through regular elections and
(iii) A gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects transparency, providing opportunities for individuals
Jagdishpur in UP, via Vijaipur in MP. (1 Mark) to hold their leaders accountable. Overall, democracy
OR empowers individuals, upholds their rights, and
(b) The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the fosters an environment where dignity and freedom
country has been largely influenced by physiographic, can flourish. (1 Mark)
economic and administrative factors: (2½ Marks) OR
(i) The northern plains with their vast level land, high (b) Democracy produces an accountable, responsive and
population density and rich agricultural resources legitimate government: (Any five)
provided the most favourable conditions for their (i) The government can be responsible when
growth. people start taking actions when the government
(ii) A large number of rivers requiring the construction becomes insensitive about their aspirations.
of bridges across their wide beds posed some (1 Mark)
obstacles. (ii) People can hold protests, carry out campaigns
(iii) In the hilly terrain of the peninsular region, and organise rallies and force the government to
railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps respond to them. (1 Mark)
or tunnels. It is difficult to lay railway tracks in (iii) A democratic government is a legitimate
the sandy plains of Western Rajasthan, swamps government, as it is elected by citizens and enjoys
of Gujarat and forested areas of states in central the confidence and trust of the citizens. (1 Mark)
India, e.g. Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha (iv) People have the right to choose their rulers and
and Jharkhand. they have control over their rulers. Citizens can
Given below are some economic factors that affect the participate in decision making. (1 Mark)
distribution of railways: (2½ Marks) (v) Democracy makes the point that decision making
(i) State funding plays a vital role in the development is based on norms and procedures. So, a citizen
of railways across the nations. who wants to know if a decision was taken
(ii) A state with flexible laws supports the growth of through the correct procedures, can find out this
railways. information. (1 Mark)
318 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(vi) Citizens can take part in decision-making (v) Social Capital and Collective Action: SHGs
whenever government takes feedback regarding promote social capital and collective action
some laws or policies. (1 Mark) within rural communities. By bringing individuals
(vii) A democratic government is the people’s own together, SHGs foster a sense of belonging,
government and it is run by the people.(1 Mark) mutual support, and collaboration. (1 Mark)
(viii) People are ruled by representatives elected by OR
them. (1 Mark)
(b) The statement, Cheap and affordable credit is crucial
33. (a) Self Help Groups (SHGs) play a crucial role in the rural
for the country’s development, can be justified based
economy by empowering individuals, particularly
on the following reasons:
women, and promoting sustainable development at
the grassroots level. Here are some justifications for (i) Economic Growth: Affordable credit promotes
investments and entrepreneurship, boosting
the role of SHGs in the rural economy:
economic activities and GDP. (1 Mark)
(i) Financial Inclusion: SHGs facilitate financial
inclusion by providing access to financial services (ii) Poverty Alleviation: Accessible credit enables
and promoting savings among rural communities. the poor to start businesses, generate income, and
Through regular savings and internal lending, escape poverty. It helps individuals to invest in
SHGs create a pool of funds that members can their education, health, and housing, which can
enhance their skills and productivity. (1 Mark)
borrow from for various income-generating
activities. This enables rural households to (iii) Infrastructure Projects: Low-cost credit funds
invest in agriculture, small businesses, and other crucial infrastructure like roads, power, and
income-generating ventures, leading to increased healthcare, enhancing development. (1 Mark)
economic opportunities and reduced dependency (iv) Agricultural Advancement: Farmers can invest
on informal moneylenders. (1 Mark) in modern techniques, leading to increased
(ii) Poverty Alleviation: SHGs contribute agricultural productivity and food security.
significantly to poverty alleviation by empowering (1 Mark)
individuals and families to generate income and (v) Employment Opportunities: Affordable credit
improve their living standards. By providing access encourages small industries, creating jobs and
to credit, skill development, and entrepreneurship improving livelihoods. (1 Mark)
training, SHGs enable rural communities to 34. (i) The primary aim was to disseminate knowledge and
engage in income-generating activities and create promote the welfare of the people (1 Mark)
sustainable livelihoods. This, in turn, reduces
(ii) ‘The task of the native newspapers and political
poverty, increases household income, and
associations is identical to the role of the Opposition
enhances overall economic well-being. (1 Mark)
in the House of Commons in Parliament in England.
(iii) Women Empowerment: SHGs are instrumental That means critically examining government policy
in empowering women in rural areas. They to suggest improvements, by removing those parts
provide a platform for women to come together, that will not be to the benefit of the people, and also
discuss issues, and collectively address their by ensuring speedy implementation. (1 Mark)
economic and social challenges. By promoting
(iii) The popularity of newspapers in the 19th century can
women’s participation in decision-making
be attributed to increased literacy rates and education,
processes, SHGs enhance their self-confidence,
which created a larger readership base. People’s
leadership skills, and socio-economic status.
ability to read led to a growing demand for news and
(1 Mark) information. Newspapers also served as platforms
(iv) Skill Development and Capacity Building: for expressing opinions and discussing public issues,
SHGs facilitate skill development and capacity fostering participation and involvement in societal
building among their members. They organize discussions. (2 Marks)
training programs on various topics such as
financial literacy, entrepreneurship, agriculture 35. (i) The rainwater harvesting system is a viable alternative
techniques, and vocational skills. These training due to its socio-economic and environmental benefits.
programs enhance the knowledge and capabilities (1 Mark)
of individuals, enabling them to engage in (ii) ‘Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting’ involves collecting
income- generating activities more effectively. rainwater from rooftops and storing it for various
(1 Mark) purposes. (1 Mark)

(iii) Two methods adopted by ancient India for water (ii) Outline the map of India, locate and label any three
conservation include building diversion channels of the following with suitable symbols: (3 Marks)
in hilly and mountainous regions and developing (a) Tehri Dam
inundation channels in flood plains. (2 Marks) (b) Naraura Atomic Power Station
36. (i) The importance of language diversity in India lies (c) Pune Software Technology Park
in its preservation of cultural heritage, fostering (d) Haldia Sea Port
inclusivity and empowerment, and promoting social
cohesion and unity. (1 Mark)
(ii) Scheduled Languages are those included in the Eighth
Schedule of the Indian Constitution, comprising 22 Tehri Dam
major languages recognized and protected by the Naraura Atomic
(a) Power Station
government. Non-Scheduled Languages, on the other (b)
hand, refer to languages not included in the Eighth (A)
Schedule. (1 Mark)
(d)
(iii) The fusion of languages in India has contributed to Champaran
(B)
the country’s unity as a cultural entity. For example,
Hindi, which encompasses various regional languages Haldia Sea Port
(c)
like Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Nagpur
and Rajasthani, acts as a unifying language for
Pune
communication and cultural exchange among diverse Software
linguistic communities. It facilitates intercultural Technology
dialogue and understanding, promoting a sense of Park
national unity. (2 Marks)

37. (i) A. Champaran (1 Mark)
B. Nagpur (1 Mark)
320 SOCIAL SCIENCE

Outside DELHI

(i) This question paper contains 37 questions. All questions are compulsory. This question paper comprises into Six Sections
viz. Section A, B, C, D, E and F.
(ii) Section A - Question numbers 1 to 20 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
(iii) Section B - Question numbers 21 to 24 are very short answer type questions carrying two marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 40 words.
(iv) Section C - Question number 25 and 29 are short answer type questions carrying three marks each. Answer to each question
(v) Section D - Question number 30 and 33 long answer type questions carrying Five marks each. Answer to each question
(vi) Section E - Question number 34 and 36 are case based questions with three sub questions and are of four marks each.
(vii) Section F - Question number 37 is map based question carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37(a) from History two marks
and 37(b) from Geography three marks.
(viii) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in a few questions,
only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
(ix) In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
3. Which of the following industries increased with the expansion

Section-A of railways in England from 1840s to 1860s? (1 Mark)
1. Match the following and choose the correct option. (a) Iron and Steel
(1 Mark) (b) Jute and Cotton
(Leader) (Role) (c) Aluminium and Bauxite
A. Victor Emmanuel II I. Chief Minister of Italy (d) Copper and Steel
4. Why did Europeans flee to Americal in 19th century? Identify
B. Guiseppe Mazzini II. Young Italy Movement
the correct reason from the following options: (1 Mark)
C. Guiseppe Garibaldi III. Conquered the
(a) Poverty and diseases
Kingdom of Sicillies
(b) Due to gold rush
D. Count Cavour IV. Proclaimed as King of
Unified Italy (c) To escape from the French Revolution
(d) As an aftermath of the Vietnam War
(a) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II (b) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
5. Identify the crop with the help of the following information
(c) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I (d) A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
and choose the correct option. (1 Mark)
2. Who among the following brought out ‘Bengal Gazette’ (i) This is the staple food crop.
the first weekly newspaper? (1 Mark)
(ii) This is a Kharif crop.
(a) Bipin Chandra Pal
(iii) It requires high temperature and high humidity.
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (iv) It requires above 100 cm of annual rainfall.
(c) Gangadhar Bhattacharya (a) Wheat (b) Maize
(d) Raja Rammohan Roy (c) Rice (d) Jwar
6. Match the Column-I with Column-II and choose the 12. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
correct option: (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
Column-I Column-II (a) Primary Sector – Money Lender
(River) (Dam) (b) Secondary Sector – Priest
A. Mahanadi I. Sardar Sarovar (c) Tertiary Sector – Bank
B. Narmada II. Hirakud (d) Manufacturing Sector – Gardener
C. Chambal III. Salal 13. Which one of the following is an activity of the unorganised
D. Chenab IV. Rana Pratap Sagar sector? (1 Mark)
(a) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I (a) A teacher teaching in a school.
(b) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II (b) A worker going to work in a big factory.
(c) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III (c) A doctor treating patients in a hospital.
(d) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV (d) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor.
7. Which of the following pair is correctly matched?(1 Mark) 14. Who among the following takes the decision regarding
(a) Alluvial Soil – Western Rajasthan saving and loan activities in the Self Help Groups (SHGs)?
(b) Black Soil – Northern Plain (1 Mark)
(c) Arid Soil – Deccan Plateau (a) Manager of a Bank
(d) Laterite Soil – Western Ghats (b) Members of Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO)
8. Which one of the following organisations prepares the (c) Local Money Lenders
‘World Development Report’? (1 Mark)
(d) Members of Self-Help Group (SHG)
(a) World Bank
15. Consider the following statements on Power sharing and
(b) International Monetary Fund
choose the correct option. (1 Mark)
(c) World Health Organisation
(i) Imposing the will of majority community over others.
(d) International Labour Organisation
(ii) It helps in reducing the possibility of conflict between
9. Which one of the following is the preceding Government
the social groups.
Agency of NITI Aayog? (1 Mark)
(iii) Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of
(a) Planning Commission
political order.
(b) Election Commission
(iv) It brings socio-political opposition among parties.
(c) University Grants Commission
(a) (i) and (iii)
(d) Union Public Service Commission
(b) (ii) and (iii)
10. Assume there are four families in a locality. If the income
of each family is `6,000, `4,000, `7,000 and `3,000 (c) (i) and (iv)
then find out the average income of the locality from the (d) (i) and (ii)
following options: (1 Mark) 16. Two statements are given in the question below as
(a) `5,000 (b) `3,000 Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and
(c) `2,000 (d) `6,000 choose the correct option. (1 Mark)
11. Which one of the following is a major benefit to a local Assertion (A): Political parties are important in the
company which goes for joint production with an MNC? functioning of democracy.
(1 Mark) Reason (R): The media plays an important role in the
(a) MNC provides Money and Technology to local company. making of Political parties.
(b) MNC takes all decisions to reduce burden of local (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct
company. explanation of (A).
(c) MNC purchases all shares of local company for faster (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct
production explanation of (A).
(d) MNC might ask for labour and capital investment from (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
local company. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
322 SOCIAL SCIENCE

17. Match the Column-I with Column-II and choose the 26. (a) Why do we call Tourism as a Trade? Explain.
correct option: (1 Mark) (3 Marks)
Column-I Column-II OR
(Subjects) (List) (b)
Explain the importance of transportation in the
A. E-Programming I. Concurrent List economic development of the country.
27. Distinguish between formal and informal sources of credit.
B. Police II. Union List
C. Education III. State List (3 Marks)
28. “In modern democracies, power sharing arrangements can
D. Defence IV. Residuary List
take many forms.” Explain the statement. (3 Marks)
(a) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II (b) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II 29. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
(c) A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II (d) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III Explain with examples. (3 Marks)
18. Which one of the following countries have One Party
System? (1 Mark) Section-D
(a) China (b) India 30. (a) How did the business class relate itself to the Civil
(c) Pakistan (d) America Disobedience Movement? Explain with examples.
19. Read the following statements and choose the correct (5 Marks)
option: (1 Mark) OR
(i) There is no official religion in India. (b) ‘Workers of Assam had their own understanding of
Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj’. Explain
(ii) Communities have freedom to profess and practice
with examples.
their religion.
31. (a) How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be
(iii) State helps communities by giving aid to educational
reduced? Explain with examples. (5 Marks)
institutions run by them.
OR
(iv) India believes in theocracy.
(b) “The economic strength of a country is measured
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) by the development of manufacturing industries”.
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv) Explain with examples.
20. Which one of the following countries has the highest 32. (a) Why is Democratic Government considered as
representation of women in their National Parliament? Legitimate Government? Explain. (5 Marks)
(1 Mark) OR
(a) Russia (b) Australia (b) How is democracy a better from of government in
(c) Sweden (d) India comparision to dictatorship? Explain.
33. (a) “Liberalisation of foreign trade and foreign investment
Section-B policy have shown far reaching changes in India.”
Support the statement with suitable arguments.(5 Marks)
21. How did the ‘Treaty of Constantinople’ of 1832 recognize
OR
Greece as an independent nation? Explain. (2 Marks)
(b) ‘Among producers and workers, the impact of
22. (a) Explain any two efforts taken by the Government of globalisation has not been uniform.’ Support the
India to modernise agriculture. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks) statement with suitable arguments.
OR
(b) Explain any two features of Rabi cropping season. Section-E
23. Explain the role of Election Commission regarding 34. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
recognition of Political Parties in India. (2 Marks) (4 Marks)
24. How to create more employment in rural areas? Explain Industrial Development
with examples. (2 Marks) By the first decade of the twentieth century a series of
changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India.
Section-C As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum,
nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth.
25. Examine any three effects of Print culture on the French Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their
Revolution. (3 Marks) collective interests, pressurising the government to increase
CBSE 2023 (Outside DELHI) 323

tariff protection and grant other concessions. From 1906, country. This number is bigger than the population of
moreover, the export of Indian yarn to China declined many countries in the world. Constitutional status for
since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded local government has helped to deepen democracy in our
the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began country. It has also increased women’s representation
shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton piece goods and voice in our democracy. At the same time, there are
production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912. many difficulties. While elections are held regularly of
Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. Panchayats and people participate enthusiastically in it but
The war created a dramatically new situation. With British meeting of gram sabhas are not held regularly.
mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the (i) Why is Indian decentralisation considered as the largest
army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, experiment in democracy? (1 Mark)
Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war (ii) Analyse how constitutional status for local government
prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war has helped to deepen democracy in India? (1 Mark)
needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather (iii) Explain any two steps taken by the Indian Government
boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. for decentralisation. (2 Marks)
New factories were set up and old one ran multiple shifts.
Many new workers were employed and everyone was Section-F
made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial
production boomed. 37. (a) Two places (A) and (B) have been marked on the
(i) What was the Swadeshi Movement? (1 Mark) given political outline map of India. Identify them with
(ii) Why did the cotton price goods production in India the help of given information and write their correct
double between 1900 to 1912? (1 Mark) names on the lines drawn near them. (2 Marks)
(iii) Explain any two events that helped India to regain its (A) The place where Indian National Congress
market. (2 Marks) Session was held in 1927.
35. Read the given source and answer the questions that (B) The place where Mahatma Gandhi broke Salt law.
follow: (b) On the same outline map of India locate and label
Community and Conservation any three of the following with suitable symbols.
Conservation strategies are not new in our country. We (i) Indira Gandhi International Airport
often ignore that in India, forests are also home to some of (ii) Kakrapara – Atomic Power Station
the traditional communities. In some areas of India, local (iii) Hyderabad – Software Technology Park
communities are struggling to conserve these habitats
(iv) Kandla Sea Port (3 Marks)
along with government officials, recognising that only this
will secure their own long-term livelihood. In Sariska Tiger
Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining
by citing the Wildlife Protection Act. In many areas,
villagers themselves are protecting habitats and explicitly
rejecting government involvement. The inhabitants of
five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have
declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav
‘Sonchuri’, declaring their own set of rules and regulations
which do not allow hunting, and are protecting the wildlife
against any outside encroachments.
(i) How are forests related with Communities? (1 Mark)
(ii) Explain the aim of ‘Wildlife Protection Act’. (1 Mark)
(iii) How are communities working for the conservation of (B)
Wildlife? Explain with example. (2 Marks)
36. Read the given source and answer the questions that
follow:
(A)
Decentralisation in India
This new system of local government is the largest
experiment in democracy conducted anywhere in the
world. There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives
in the panchayats and municipalities etc., all over the
324 SOCIAL SCIENCE

EXPLANATIONS
1. (c) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I (1 Mark) (b) The features of the Rabi cropping season include:
2. (c) Gangadhar Bhattacharya (1 Mark) (i) Rabi crops are sown in winter between October and
3. (a) Iron and Steel (1 Mark) December and are harvested in spring. (1 Mark)
4. (a) Poverty and diseases (1 Mark) (ii) Rabi crops are dependent on winter rainfall and
5. (c) Rice (1 Mark) irrigation. Examples of Rabi crops include wheat,
6. (c) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III (1 Mark) barley, gram, peas and mustard. (1 Mark)
7. (d) Laterite soil – Western Ghats (1 Mark) 23. The Election Commission of India plays a crucial role in
the recognition of political parties:
8. (a) World Bank (1 Mark)
9. (a) Planning Commission (1 Mark) (i) The Commission is responsible for maintaining
the register of political parties and granting them
10. (a) Average Income of the locality
recognition as national or state parties based on their
Total Income of All families performance in elections. (1 Mark)
=
No. of families in locality (ii) The Commission also monitors the financial and
6, 000 + 4, 000 + 7, 000 + 3, 000 20, 000 organizational aspects of political parties and ensures
= = = `5,000 that they adhere to the guidelines and regulations set
4 4
(1 Mark) by the Election Commission. (1 Mark)
11. (a) MNC provides money and technology to local 24. Creating more employment in rural areas can be done the
company. (1 Mark) the following ways: (Any two)
12. (c) Tertiary Sector – Bank (1 Mark) (i) Developing infrastructure: Developing infrastructure
13. (d) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor. like roads, electricity, and water supply can help
(1 Mark) attract industries and businesses to rural areas, which
14. (d) Members of Self-Help Group (SHG). (1 Mark) can generate employment. (1 Mark)
15. (b) II and III (1 Mark) (ii) Skill development: Providing training and skill
16. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (1 Mark) development programs can help enhance the
employability of rural youth. (1 Mark)
17. (a) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II (1 Mark)
18. (a) China (1 Mark) (iii) Entrepreneurship: Encouraging entrepreneurship
and providing support for micro, small, and medium
19. (a) I, II and III (1 Mark)
enterprises can create employment opportunities in
20. (c) Sweden (1 Mark)
rural areas. (1 Mark)
21. The Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognized Greece
(iv) Government schemes: The government has launched
as an independent nation by granting it autonomy from the
several schemes like MGNREGA, PMAY, and Start-up
Ottoman Empire. (1 Mark)
India, which aim to create employment opportunities
The treaty recognized Greece as a sovereign state with a
in rural areas. (1 Mark)
constitutional government and established its borders. The
treaty was signed by the Great Powers of Europe, including 25. The print culture had several effects, including:
Britain, France, and Russia, who had supported the Greek (i) Spread of ideas: The print culture helped to spread the
War of Independence. (1 Mark) ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution
22. (a) The Government of India has taken several efforts to to a wider audience, which helped to mobilize people
modernize agriculture, including: and create a sense of national identity. (1 Mark)
(i) The Green Revolution: The Green Revolution (ii) Formation of public opinion: The print culture helped
was a major initiative taken by the government to create a public sphere where people could express
to increase agricultural productivity through the their opinions and debate issues, which helped to
use of high-yielding crop varieties, irrigation, and shape public opinion and influence political decisions.
fertilizers. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
(ii) Technology Transfer: The government has (iii) Rise of nationalism: The print culture contributed
facilitated the transfer of technology and to the rise of nationalism by promoting the use of a
knowledge from developed countries to India, common language, creating a sense of shared history
which has helped to improve the quality of and culture, and fostering a sense of national identity.
agricultural inputs and practices. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)

26. (a) (i) Tourism is considered as a trade because it 29. (i) Sustainability is important for development because it
involves the exchange of services for money. ensures that it meets the needs of the present without
(1 Mark) compromising the ability of future generations to meet
(ii) Tourists pay for services like accommodation, their own needs. (1 Mark)
transportation, food, and entertainment, which (ii) Sustainable development involves balancing
generate revenue for the tourism industry. economic, social, and environmental considerations. It
(1 Mark) promotes the efficient use of resources, the protection
(iii) Tourism also involves the import and export of the environment, and the preservation of cultural
of goods and services, which contributes to the heritage. (1 Mark)
balance of trade. (1 Mark) (iii) Examples of sustainable development include
OR renewable energy, organic farming, eco-tourism, and
(b) (i) Transportation is important for the economic green buildings. (1 Mark)
development of a country because it facilitates the 30. (a) (i) The business class in India had mixed reactions
movement of goods and people, which is essential to the Civil Disobedience Movement launched by
for trade and commerce. (1 Mark) Mahatama Gandhi. (1¼ Marks)
(ii) Efficient transportation systems can reduce (ii) Some business leaders supported the movement
transportation costs, improve access to markets, and played a significant role in supporting it,
and increase the competitiveness of industries. while others opposed it. (1¼ Marks)
(1 Mark) (iii) The business class supporting the movement
(iii) Transportation also creates employment provided financial, political, and moral assistance
opportunities and contributes to the development to the freedom fighters. They boycotted British
of infrastructure. (1 Mark) goods and supported indigenous industries. For
27. (3 Marks) example, the Indian National Congress launched
the Swadeshi movement, which aimed to promote
Formal sources of credit Informal sources of credit
the use of Indian-made goods. (1¼ Marks)
1. It refer to those sources It refer to those sources (iv) The other business class leaders however,
that are regulated by the that are not regulated opposed the movement as they saw the movement
government and are subject by the government and as a threat to their business or profit and were
to legal requirements and are based on personal concerned about the potential for violence and
formalities relationships and trust.
unrest. (1¼ Marks)
2. Provide cheaper credit Provide credit to those OR
with better terms and who are excluded from the
(b) (i)
The workers of Assam had their own
conditions formal credit system and
at higher rate of interest. understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion
of Swaraj, which was shaped by their experience
3. Examples: Banks, Examples: of exploitation and oppression. (1¼ Marks)
Cooperatives and Govt. Moneylenders Relatives
(ii) They saw Mahatama Gandhi as a leader who
Sponsored Schemes and Friends
could unite the different communities and fight
28. In modern democracies, power-sharing arrangements can against British imperialism, but they also had
take many forms, including: their own demands and concerns. (1¼ Marks)
(i) Federalism: Federalism involves the sharing of (iii) The tea garden workers in Assam saw Gandhi’s
power between the central government and the state Swaraj as a means to attain social justice and
governments. (1 Mark) economic freedom. They saw it as an opportunity
(ii) Coalition government: Coalition government involves to achieve better wages, working conditions, and
the sharing of power between two or more political living standards. (1¼ Marks)
parties. (1 Mark) (iv) The workers also organized themselves into
(iii) Devolution: Devolution involves the transfer of power unions and went on strike to demand their rights.
from the central government to the local government. They saw Gandhi’s non-violent methods as a way
(1 Mark) to achieve their goal peacefully. (1¼ Marks)
326 SOCIAL SCIENCE

31. (a) Industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced in (iv) In a democracy, people have freedom of speech
the following ways: and expression, which gives it credibility as well
(i) Treatment of effluents: Industries can treat as legitimacy among the people. (1 Mark)
their effluents before releasing them into the (v) It is the people’s government and works towards
water bodies. This can be done through physical, protecting their rights and liberties under all
chemical, or biological methods. (1 Mark) circumstances. (1 Mark)
(ii) Recycling of water: Industries can recycle the OR
water used in their processes, which can reduce (b) (i) Democracy is a better form of government in
the amount of fresh water needed. (1 Mark) comparison to dictatorship because it is based on
(iii) Use of green technologies: Industries can use the principles of equality, freedom, and justice.
green technologies that are less polluting and (1 Mark)
use less water. For example, industries can use
(ii) In a democracy, the people have the right to
renewable energy sources like solar or wind power.
participate in the decision-making process and
(1 Mark) hold their leaders accountable. (1 Mark)
(iv) Pollution control norms: Implementing (iii) Democracy promotes the protection of human
strict pollution control norms and monitoring rights, the rule of law, and the peaceful resolution
mechanisms to ensure industries comply with the of conflicts. (1 Mark)
regulations. (1 Mark)
(iv) It encourages participation and representation
(v) Awareness campaign: Raising awareness among
from diverse groups in society. (1 Mark)
industries and the public about the importance of
environmental protection. (1 Mark) (v) In contrast, dictatorship is characterized by the
concentration of power in the hands of a single
OR
individual or group, and often involves the
(b) (i) The economic strength of a country is measured suppression of human rights and freedoms.
by the development of manufacturing industries
(1 Mark)
because it generates employment opportunities,
increases exports, and contribute to the growth 33. (a) The liberalization of foreign trade and foreign
of other sectors of the economy. For example- investment policy has shown far-reaching changes
The growth of manufacturing industries in China in India. It has opened up the Indian economy to
has led to a massive increase in exports and has foreign investment and trade, which has led to
helped to lift millions out of poverty. (2½ Marks) increased competition, innovation, and efficiency.
Foreign investment has created job opportunities and
(ii) Manufacturing industries create value-added
contributed to economic growth. Liberalization has
products that can be exported and contribute to
also led to India’s integration with the global economy
the balance of trade. For example, India’s growth
and increased its competitiveness. (5 Marks)
in the manufacturing industries like automobiles
and textiles has contributed to the growth of other OR
sectors like transportation and retail which in (b) The impact of globalization on producers and workers
turn has contributed to its economic growth and has not been uniform. While some have benefited
development. (2½ Marks) from globalization, others have been adversely
32. (a) Democratic government is considered a legitimate affected. Producers who are able to compete in the
government because: global market have benefited from increased access
to markets and technology. However, small-scale
(i) It is based on the principles of popular sovereignty,
producers and farmers have been negatively impacted
where the power is vested in the people.(1 Mark)
due to increased competition and the dominance of
(ii) In a democratic government, the people elect their multinational corporations. Similarly, workers who
representatives through free and fair elections have skills that are in demand in the global market have
and participate in the decision-making process. benefited from increased wages and job opportunities.
(1 Mark) However, low-skilled workers and those in the
(iii) The government is accountable to the people and can informal sector have been negatively impacted due to
be changed through peaceful means. (1 Mark) job losses and exploitation. (5 Marks)

34. (i) In India, it was a movement for national independence 36. (i) This new system of local government is the largest
that promoted the use of native goods like khadi, experiment in democracy conducted anywhere in the
while promoting the boycott of imported cloth. It also world. There are about 35 lakh elected representatives
promoted large-scale demonstrations where a lot of in the panchayats and municipalities etc., all over the
people gathered to spread awareness and demanded country. This number is bigger than the population of
swaraj. (1 Mark) many countries in the world. (1 Mark)
(ii) From 1906, the export of Indian yarn to China (ii) The third tier of the government was granted
declined because produce from Chinese and Japanese constitutional status under the 73rd and 74th
mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in Constitutional Amendment Acts. This has led to
India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. improved efficiency in the workings of the local
As a result, cotton piece goods production in India government and the increase of its powers in several
doubled between 1900 and 1912. (1 Mark) domains. (1 Mark)
(iii) (a) First World War (1914-1919): The war created a (iii) Two steps taken by the government for decentralisation
dramatically new situation. With British mills busy are as follows: (2 Marks)
with war production to meet the needs of the army, (a) Establishing the panchayats as the third tier of
Manchester imports into India declined. Indian the government and providing them power and
mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war resources for operating efficiently.
prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to (b) Granting a reservation of one-third of the seats
supply war needs. New factories were set up and in the local bodies to women to increase their
old one ran multiple shifts. Many new workers participation in political issues and decision-
were employed. Over the war years industrial making.
production boomed. (1 Mark) 37.
(b) Swadeshi Movement: As the Swadeshi
(i)
Indra Gandhi International
Movement gathered momentum, nationalists Airport (Delhi)
mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth.
Industrial groups organised themselves to
protect their collective interests, pressuring the
government to increase tariff protection and grant
other concessions. (1 Mark)
35. (i) Communities direct needs for food, drink, medicine,
culture, spirituality, and other things come from a (iv) Kandla
variety of forest and wildlife components. (1 Mark)
(ii) The major goal of the Wildlife Protection Act is (ii) Kakrapara
to safeguard the surviving individuals of endangered
species by outlawing hunting, protecting their ecosystems (B) (iii) Hyderabad
Dandi
through the law, and limiting trade in wildlife.(1 Mark)
(iii) (a) The Wildlife Protection Act has been used as a
weapon by people in Rajasthan’s Sariska Tiger (A) Madras
Reserve to fight against mining. (1 Mark)
(b) In order to safeguard wildlife against outside
encroachments, residents of five villages in
Rajasthan’s Alwar district have designated
1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav
“Sonchuri.” (1 Mark) (5 Marks)
328 SOCIAL SCIENCE

DELHI Term-II

(i) This question paper comprises five sections - Sections A, B, C, D and E. There are 13 questions in the question paper.
All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Section A - Questions no. 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question
(iii) Section B - Questions no. 6 to 8 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should
not exceed 80 words.
(iv) Section C - Questions no. 9 and 10 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should
(v) Section D - Questions no. 11 and 12 are case based questions, carrying 4 marks each.
(vi) Section E - Question no. 13 is map-based, carrying 3 marks with two parts, 13(a) from History (1 mark) and 13(b) from
Geography (2 marks).
(vii) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
(viii) Attach map along with your answer-book.
The bank retained as collateral the papers of the new

Section-A house, which will be returned to Megha only when she
1. Mention any two causes that led to the Civil Disobedience repays the entire loan with interest.
Movement. (2 Marks) (i) From which source of credit Megha has taken loan?
2. How is chemical industry in India diversified? Explain. (1 Mark)

(2 Marks) (ii) Explain the terms of credit given in the source.
(1 Mark)
3. Differentiate between ruling and opposition parties.
(2 Marks) Section-B
4. Classify industries on the basis of raw materials. (2 Marks)
6. (a) Explain, why the banks do not lend credit to certain
5. Read the following source and answer the questions that borrowers. (3 Marks)
follow: OR
A House Loan (b) Explain the functions of “Self Help Group”.
Megha has taken a loan of `5 lakhs from the bank to 7. “The effects of Non-Cooperation Movement on the
purchase a house. The annual interest rate on the loan is economic front were more dramatic.” Support the statement
12 per cent and the loan is to be repaid in 10 years in with examples. (3 Marks)
monthly instalments. Megha had to submit to the bank, 8. Explain, how the rise of political parties is directly linked
documents showing her employment records and salary to the emergence of representative democracies.
before the bank agreed to give her the loan. (3 Marks)
national integration, provides support to local handicrafts
Section-C and cultural pursuits. It also helps in the development
9. (a) “Democracy is attentive to the needs and demands of of international understanding about our culture and
the people.” Justify the statement. (5 Marks) heritage. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism,
OR eco tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical
(b) “Democracies accommodate social diversities and tourism, and business tourism.
provide dignity and freedom to the citizens.” Justify There is a vast potential for development of tourism in all
the statement. parts of the country. Efforts are being made to promote
10. (a) “Technology is the vital force in the modern form of different types of tourism for this upcoming industry.
globalisation.” Explain the statement with suitable (i) Explain the importance of tourism. (1 Mark)
examples. (5 Marks)
OR (ii) Give an example of ‘Heritage tourism’. (1 Mark)
(b) “The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.” (iii) Assess the benefits of improving tourism in India.
Explain the statement with suitable examples. (2 Marks)
Section-D Section-E
11. Read the following case carefully and answer the questions 13 (a) On the given outline Political Map of India, identify
that follow: the place marked as ‘A’ with the help of following
Nationalism in India information and write its correct name on the line
Modern nationalism in Europe came to be associated with marked near it: (1 + 2 = 3 Marks)
the formation of nation-states. It also meant a change in (A) The place where Indian National Congress
people’s understanding of who they were, and what defined Session was held in September, 1920.
their identity and sense of belonging. New symbols and (b) On the same given Map of India, locate and label the
icons, new songs and ideas forged new links and redefined following:
the boundaries of communities. In most countries, the (I) Ramagundam Thermal Plant
making of this new national identity was a long process.
OR
How did this consciousness emerge in India?
(II) Pune Software Techonology Park
In India and as in many other colonies, the growth of
modern nationalism is intimately connected to the anti- (c) Chennai (Meenam Bakkam) International Airport.
colonial movement. People began discovering their unity
in the process of their struggle with colonialism. The sense
of being oppressed under colonialism provided a shared
bond that tied many different groups together. But each
class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently,
their experiences were varied, and their notions of freedom
were not always the same. The Congress under Mahatma
Gandhi tried to forge these groups together within one
movement. But the unity did not emerge without conflict.
(i) What was people’s understanding of nation?(1 Mark)
(ii) How was the growth of modern nationalism intimately
connected to the anti-colonial movement? (1 Mark)
(iii) How did people in India develop a sense of collective
(A)
belonging? Explain. (2 Marks)
12. Read the following case carefully and answer the questions
that follow:
Tourism
Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last
three decades. More than 15 million people are directly
engaged in the tourism industry. Tourism also promotes
330 SOCIAL SCIENCE

EXPLANATIONS
1. The Civil Disobedience Movement was led by Mahatma 5. (i) Megha has taken loan from formal sector of credit
Gandhi and aimed to challenge British authority in India. (bank). (1 Mark)
Two causes that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement (ii) The term of credit given in the source are: (1 Mark)
were: (a) Loan amount (5 lakhs)
(i) Salt Tax: The British government imposed a tax on (b) Interest rate (12 per cent)
salt, which affected the poor people of India who (c) Repayment period (10 years)
relied on it for their daily needs. (1 Mark) (d) Repayment mode (monthly installment)
(ii) Simon Commission: The Simon Commission 6. (a) Banks do not lend credit to certain borrowers due to
was set up by the British government to review the the following reasons:
functioning of the Indian constitutional system, but it (i) Poor credit history or low credit score: Banks
did not include any Indian members. This was seen as check the credit history of the borrower before
a insult to Indian aspirations for self-rule. (1 Mark) approving a loan. If the borrower has a poor
2. The chemical industry in India is diversified in the credit history or a low credit score, the bank may
following ways: (Any two) reject the loan application. (1 Mark)
(ii) Lack of collateral: Banks require collateral to
(i) Product range: The chemical industry in India
secure the loan. If the borrower does not have
produces a wide range of products such as dyes,
sufficient collateral, the bank may reject the loan
fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and plastics. (1 Mark)
application. (1 Mark)
(ii) Raw materials: The chemical industry in India uses a (iii) Unstable income: Banks prefer borrowers with a
variety of raw materials such as minerals, oil and gas, stable income source. If the borrower’s income is
and agricultural products. (1 Mark) unstable or irregular, the bank may reject the loan
(iii) Market segments: The chemical industry in India caters application. (1 Mark)
to a variety of market segments such as agriculture, OR
healthcare, and consumer goods. (1 Mark) (b) The functions of Self Help Group (SHG) are:
3. Ruling and opposition parties differ in the following ways: (Any three)
(i) Role in government: Ruling parties are the ones (i) Mobilization of savings: SHGs mobilize the
who hold the majority in the government and are savings of their members, which are used for
responsible for governing, while opposition parties are lending to the members. (1 Mark)
those who do not hold the majority and are responsible (ii) Lending to members: SHGs lend money to their
for holding the government accountable. (1 Mark) members for various purposes such as starting a
(ii) Policies and agenda: Ruling parties have the power to small business or meeting household expenses.
implement their policies and agenda, while opposition (1 Mark)
parties can only propose policies and offer criticism. (iii) Financial education: SHGs provide financial
(1 Mark) education to their members, which helps them in
4. Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials in managing their finances better. (1 Mark)
the following ways: (Any two) (iv) Social empowerment: SHGs promote social
empowerment of their members by providing a
(i) Agro-based industries: These industries use agricultural
platform for them to come together, discuss their
products such as cotton, jute, and sugarcane as raw
problems and find solutions. (1 Mark)
materials. (1 Mark)
7. The Non-Cooperation Movement had a significant impact
(ii) Mineral-based industries: These industries use on the economic front due to the:
minerals such as iron ore, bauxite, and copper as raw (i) Boycott of foreign goods: During the Non-Cooperation
materials. (1 Mark) Movement, people boycotted foreign goods and started
(iii) Forest-based industries: These industries use forest using Indian goods. This led to an increase in demand
products such as wood and pulp as raw materials. for Indian goods, which boosted the Indian industries.
(1 Mark) (1 Mark)
CBSE 2022 (DELHI Term-II) 331

(ii) Closure of foreign-run institutions: As part of the (vi) Public Accountability: In a democracy, the
Non-Cooperation Movement, people closed down government is accountable to the people. If
foreign-run institutions such as schools, colleges, elected representatives fail to address the needs
and courts. This led to the emergence of Indian-run and demands of the citizens, they can be held
institutions, which provided employment opportunities accountable during the next elections. (1 Mark)
for Indians. (1 Mark) OR
(iii) Impact on trade and revenue: The Non-Cooperation (b) Democracies accommodate diversities and provide
Movement affected trade and revenue as people dignity and freedom to the citizens because of the
stopped paying taxes and participated in protests. This following reasons: (Any five)
led to a decline in revenue for the British government. (i) Protection of Minority Rights: Democracies
(1 Mark) strive to protect the rights of minorities and
8. The rise of political parties is directly linked to the ensure their representation in decision-making
emergence of representative democracies due to the processes. This helps in accommodating diverse
following reasons: perspectives and interests. (1 Mark)
(i) Representation of diverse interests: Political (ii) Equality Before the Law: In democratic
parties represent the diverse interests of the people societies, all citizens are treated equally under the
and provide a platform for them to participate in the law. Discrimination based on race, religion, gender,
democratic process. (1 Mark) or ethnicity is prohibited, promoting a sense of
(ii) Formation of government: Political parties contest dignity and respect for every individual.(1 Mark)
elections and the party that wins the majority forms (iii) Protection of Civil Liberties: Democracies
the government. This ensures that the government typically have constitutional safeguards to
represents the will of the people. (1 Mark) protect civil liberties such as freedom of speech,
(iii) Accountability: Political parties are accountable assembly, and privacy. These rights ensure that
to the people as they have to contest elections citizens can participate fully in the democratic
periodically and seek their mandate. (1 Mark) process and lead their lives with dignity and
9. (a) Democracy is attentive to the needs and demands of freedom. (1 Mark)
the people because: (Any five) (iv) Constitutional Provisions: In a democratic
(i) Representation: In a democracy, people elect country like India, the Constitution guarantees
their representatives who are accountable to fundamental rights to all citizens, irrespective of
them. These representatives work to address the their backgrounds. These rights, such as the right
needs and demands of the people. (1 Mark) to equality, freedom of speech and expression,
(ii) Participation: In a democracy, people have and the right to practice any religion, ensure that
the right to participate in the decision-making citizens have the freedom to live according to
process. This ensures that their needs and their beliefs and choices. (1 Mark)
demands are taken into consideration. (1 Mark) (v) Freedom of Speech and Expression:
(iii) Feedback mechanism: In a democracy, people Democracies foster an environment where
can provide feedback to the government through individuals can freely express their thoughts and
various means such as protests, petitions, and opinions without fear of reprisal. This allows
media. This feedback helps the government in diverse viewpoints to be heard, leading to healthy
understanding the needs and demands of the debates and discussions. (1 Mark)
people. (1 Mark) (vi) Social and Cultural Pluralism: Democracies
(iv) Responsive Governance: Democratic governments embrace diversity and recognize the coexistence
are designed to be responsive to the changing of various cultures, religions, languages, and
needs of the society. Public policies and laws can traditions. This respect for diversity fosters social
be modified or enacted based on the feedback and harmony and helps citizens celebrate their unique
demands of the people. (1 Mark) identities without discrimination. (1 Mark)
(v) Periodic Elections: Democracies hold regular (vii) Representative Government: Democratic
elections where citizens can choose their systems ensure that citizens from different
representatives. Since elected officials need to backgrounds and regions are represented in
seek re-election periodically, they are incentivized the government. This representation enables
to listen to the concerns of their constituents policymakers to understand the needs and
to maintain their popularity and secure their concerns of various communities and work
positions. (1 Mark) towards their welfare. (1 Mark)
332 SOCIAL SCIENCE

10. (a) (i) Rapid improvement in technology has been one groups to come together in their fight against a
major factor that has stimulated the globalisation common enemy. The shared experience of being
process. (1¼ Marks) under colonial exploitation and domination fostered
(ii) The cost of shipping goods over long distances a collective consciousness of national identity among
has decreased because of technology.(1¼ Marks) Indians. (1 Mark)
(iii) People can connect with one another anywhere (iii) People in India developed a sense of collective
in the world, instantly access information, and belonging through their shared experience of
communicate from far-off locations due to resistance against colonialism. The anti-colonial
technology in the fields of telecommunications, struggle brought together people from diverse
computers, and the Internet. (1¼ Marks) backgrounds, languages, cultures, and regions, as
(iv) The use of technology has completely changed they collectively fought against British rule. The
international communication. For example, a feeling of being oppressed under colonialism created
buyer from India and a seller from Canada can a bond that tied different groups together, leading to
arrange a virtual meeting to discuss the business the emergence of a broader Indian identity. (2 Marks)
without travelling to each other’s nations, and it 12. (i) Tourism generates employment opportunities in India.
also makes it possible for them to make payments Tourism also promotes national integration, and it
online. (1¼ Marks) provides support to local handicrafts and cultural
OR pursuits. (1 Mark)
(b) It is true that “the impact of globalisation has not been (ii) Visiting the Red Fort in Delhi is an example of
uniform”. Heritage tourism. (1 Mark)
(i) Globalisation has a negative impact on (iii) (a) Improvement in tourism will open the new ventures
employment and real wages. Due to new of employment in India, like recent opportunities
technologies, output increases, but employment that have come up in Ladakh. (1 Mark)
opportunities have not increased due to (b) Tourism will automatically boost the infratructural
mechanised working, especially in rural areas. development in the nation. For example, recent
(1 Mark) development observed in North-Eastern region of
(ii) Globalisation is mainly beneficial to large capitalists, India. (1 Mark)
industries and large companies. (1 Mark)
13.
(iii) The domestic producers, especially small-scale
industries are not able to compete with large players
such as multinational corporations. (1 Mark)
(iv) Globalisation mainly allows developing (Like
South Asian countries) and underdeveloped
(African countries) economies to supply raw
material to developed countries. This makes them
dependent on developed countries. (1 Mark)
(v) Globalisation through World Trade Organisation
(WTO) has only favoured western developed
economies. (1 Mark)
11. (i) A nation came to be defined as a political community with
a shared history, culture, and territory. It represented a (A) Calcutta
collective identity where people considered themselves
(b) (II) Pune (b) (I) Ramagundam
as part of a larger whole, transcending their individual

differences. (1 Mark)
(c) Chennai
(ii) The growth of modern nationalism in India was (Meenam Bakkam)
intimately connected to the anti-colonial movement. International Airport
As India was under British colonial rule, people’s
struggle for independence led to the emergence of
a sense of national unity. The oppressive nature of
colonial rule provided a common ground for various (3 Marks)

Outside DELHI Term-II

(i) This question paper comprises five sections - Sections A, B, C, D and E. There are 13 questions in the question paper.
All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Section A - Questions no. 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question
(iii) Section B - Questions no. 6 to 8 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should
(iv) Section C - Questions no. 9 and 10 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should
(v) Section D - Questions no. 11 and 12 are case-based questions, carrying 4 marks each.
(vi) Section E - Question no. 13 is map-based, carrying 3 marks with two parts, 13(a) from History (1 mark) and 13(b) from
OR
Section-A
How did the First World War create a new economic
1. Why did Mahatma Gandhi travel to Champaran in Bihar in situation in India? Explain.
1917? Explain. (2 Marks) 7. Analyse the outcomes of democracies in terms of economic
2. Explain the importance of National Highways in India. growth and development. (3 Marks)
8. Explain the three important ‘terms of Credit’. (3 Marks)
(2 Marks)
3. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials. Section-C
(2 Marks) 9. (a)
Examine any five major challenges faced by the
political parties in India. (5 Marks)
4. How is one-party system different from two-party system?
Explain with examples. (2 Marks) OR
(b) “Political parties play an important role in democratic
5. How do double coincidence of wants arise? (2 Marks)
countries.” Justify the statement.
Section-B 10. (a) How are our markets transformed in recent years?
Explain with examples. (5 Marks)
6. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the OR
Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922? Explain. (b) How do Multi National Corporations (MNCs) interlink
(3 Marks) production across countries? Explain with examples.
(i) Mention any two challenges faced by ‘jute industry’ in
Section-D India. (1 Mark)
11. Read the given case and answer the questions that follow: (ii) What was the main objective of National Jute Policy
Mahatma Gandhi’s thoughts on Satyagraha formulated in 2005? (1 Mark)
‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon (iii) How has jute industry once again opened the new
of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this opportunities for its products? (2 Marks)
article can be used only by the strong. This power is not
passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The Section-E
movement in South Africa was not passive but active...’
13. (a) On the given outline political map of India, identify
‘Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not the place marked as (A) with the help of following
inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction. information and write its correct name on the line
In the use of Satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever.’ marked near it. (1 + 2 = 3 Marks)
‘Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance
(A) The place where National Congress Session was
of the soul. That is why this force is called Satyagraha. The
held in September 1920.
soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of
love... Non-violence is the supreme dharma...’ (b) On the same given map of India, locate and label the
following with appropriate symbols.
‘It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in
force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they (I) Tarapur - Nuclear Power Plant
can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of OR
arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. (II) Kalpakkam - Nuclear Power Plant
They have made the religion of nonviolence their own...’
(c) Hyderabad - Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
(i) What type of movement Gandhiji organised in South
Africa? (1 Mark)
(ii) Why is Satyagraha considered as pure soul-force?
(1 Mark)
(iii) How has Gandhiji described passive resistance?
(2 Marks)
12. Read the given case and answer the questions that follow:
Challenges faced by the Jute industry include stiff
competition in the international market from synthetic
substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh,
Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. However, the
internal demand has been on the increase due to the
Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. To
stimulate demand, the products need to be diversified. In (A)
2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective
of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good
prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.
The main markets are U.S.A., Canada, Russia, United Arab
Republic, U.K. and Australia. The growing global concern
for environment friendly, biodegradable materials, has once
again opened the opportunity for jute products.
CBSE 2022 (Outside DELHI Term-II) 335

EXPLANATIONS
1. (i) Mahatma Gandhi traveled to Champaran in Bihar (ii) For example, if a person wants to sell a book and buy
in 1917 to investigate the plight of indigo farmers a pen, they need to find another person who wants to
who were being forced to grow indigo by the British buy the book and sell the pen. If there is no match
planters.(1 Mark) between the needs of the two parties, the exchange
(ii) The farmers were being exploited and forced to sell cannot take place.(1 Mark)
their produce at very low prices. Gandhi’s visit to 6. (i) Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-
Champaran led to the formation of the Champaran Cooperation Movement in February 1922 due to the
Satyagraha, which was one of the first non-violent Chauri Chaura incident.(1 Mark)
protests against British rule in India.(1 Mark) (ii) The incident involved the burning of a police station
2. National highways in India are important because: by a group of protestors, which resulted in the death of
(Any two) 22 policemen.(1 Mark)
(i) They connect different parts of the country and facilitate (iii) Gandhi felt that the movement had taken a violent turn,
the movement of goods and people.(1 Mark) which went against the principles of nonviolence, and
(ii) They help to reduce transportation costs, improve access he called for its withdrawal to prevent further violence.
to markets, and promote economic growth.(1 Mark) (1 Mark)
(iii) They also play a crucial role in national defense and OR
emergency response.(1 Mark) (i) The First World War created a new economic situation
3. Industries can be classified on the basis of the source of in India by disrupting the supply of essential goods
raw materials as follows: (Any two) and increasing the demand for Indian goods in the
(i) Agricultural industries: These industries use crops and global market.(1 Mark)
other agricultural products as raw materials. Examples (ii) India was a major supplier of raw materials for the
include food processing and textile industries.(1 Mark) British war effort, which led to the expansion of
(ii) Mineral-based industries: These industries use industries like jute, cotton, and steel.(1 Mark)
minerals and ores as raw materials. Examples include (iii) The war also created new job opportunities for Indian
steel, cement, and aluminum industries.(1 Mark) workers, and the demand for Indian goods in the
(iii) Forest-based industries: These industries use wood global market led to an increase in exports.(1 Mark)
and other forest products as raw materials. Examples 7. (i) Democracies have been associated with higher
include paper and pulp industries.(1 Mark) economic growth and development due to factors like
4. Difference between one-party and two-party system are as political stability, the protection of property rights, and
follows:(2 Marks) the promotion of entrepreneurship and innovation.
(1 Mark)
One-party system Two-party system (ii) Democratic countries also tend to have greater access
A one-party system is a In contrast, a two-party to international markets and investments, which can
political system in which system is a political system help to boost economic growth.(1 Mark)
only one political party is in which two major parties (iii) However, the outcomes of democracies in terms of
allowed to hold power. compete for power. economic growth and development depend on various
There is no competition In a two-party system, factors such as the quality of institutions, policies, and
or choice for the voters, the parties offer different governance.(1 Mark)
and the ruling party political ideologies and 8. Three important terms of Credits are:
has unchecked power. policies, and the voters have (i) Interest Rate: This refers to the amount that the borrower
Examples of countries a choice between them. must pay in addition to the principal.(1 Mark)
with one-party systems Examples of countries with (ii) Collateral: It is the security that the borrower must
include China and North two-party systems include give the lender as a deposit.
Korea. the United States and the The security can be real estate, a car, gold, or even
United Kingdom. livestock.(1 Mark)
5. (i) Double coincidence of wants arises when two parties (iii) Documents: Salary stubs, bank statements, and records
are willing to exchange their goods or services but of savings or fixed deposits are all acceptable forms
each party wants what the other party has to offer. of identification when applying for credit. The
(1 Mark) paperwork assures the lender.(1 Mark)
336 SOCIAL SCIENCE

9. (a) The challenges faced by political parties are as under: peaceful and democratic transitions of power. They
(i) Lack of internal democracy: In political parties, help to avoid situations of political instability and
a small number of people hold the majority of the conflict that can arise in the absence of organised
power. In such situations, a party’s other members political parties.(1 Mark)
are given no consideration. Few members who 10. (a) Our markets have undergone significant
have grown excessively powerful take charge of transformations in recent years due to various factors
all decisions.(1 Mark) such as globalization, technology, and changing
consumer preferences.
(ii) Dynastic succession: Families of political party
(i) Globalization has led to an increase in trade and
members typically receive very easy entry. In
investment, resulting in the emergence of new
these situations, the unqualified family members
markets and supply chains.(1 Mark)
attend the party while the deserving are excluded.
(ii) Technology has enabled the growth of e-commerce,
(1 Mark) online payments, and digital marketing, which has
(iii) Factionalism: Factionalism within the party, which transformed the way businesses operate.(1 Mark)
can lead to a lack of unity and coordination. (iii) Changing consumer preferences have led to
(1 Mark) an increase in demand for sustainable and eco-
(iv) Money and muscle power: The influence of friendly products, which has led to the growth of
money and muscle power in elections, which can the green economy.(1 Mark)
lead to corruption and unfair practices.(1 Mark) (iv) For example, the growth of e-commerce platforms
(v) Meaningful Choice: Very often parties do not like Amazon and Flipkart has transformed the
seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters. retail industry. These platforms have made it
easy for customers to shop online and get their
(1 Mark) products delivered to their doorstep.(1 Mark)
OR (v) Similarly, the rise of electric vehicles has
(b) Political parties play an essential role in democratic transformed the automobile industry. Electric
countries. Here are some justifications for the vehicles are more environmentally friendly than
statement: (Any five) traditional gasoline-powered cars, and they offer
(i) Ensures people’s participation in decision better fuel efficiency and lower operating costs.
making: Political parties play an important role in (1 Mark)
democratic countries by providing a platform for OR
citizens to express their opinions and participate (b) (i) Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) interlink
in the decision-making process.(1 Mark) production across countries by establishing
(ii) Ensures efficient government: Opposition global supply chains that involve the sourcing
parties criticise the government for its wrong of raw materials, production, and distribution of
policies and failures which helps to create a goods across different countries.(1 Mark)
competitive political environment, which promotes (ii) MNCs set up subsidiaries or branches in different
innovation and effeciency in governance.(1 Mark) countries to carry out various stages of production
and distribution.(1 Mark)
(iii) Ensures representation: Political parties ensures
the representation of every section of the society. (iii) They also invest in research and development and
share knowledge and technology across different
Political parties helps to represent diverse interests
countries. (1 Mark)
and view points.(1 Mark)
(iv) For example, a company like Apple sources its
(iv) Accountability: Political parties help to hold raw materials such as memory chips, screens,
those in power accountable by providing a channel and batteries from countries like China and
for citizens to voice their concerns and hold their South Korea. It then manufactures its products
elected representatives accountable.(1 Mark) in countries like China and India and sells its
(v) Political education: Political parties play an products in countries around the world. (1 Mark)
important role in political education as they help to (v) Another example would be a pharmaceutical
educate citizens about the political process and the company like Pfizer that invests in R&D in
importance of participation.(1 Mark) countries like the United States and then shares its
(vi) Political stability: Political parties help to promote knowledge and technology with its subsidiaries
political stability by providing a framework for in other countries.(1 Mark)

11. (i) Gandhiji successfully fought against the racist regime (iii) Keeping in mind the harmful impacts of artificial
with a novel method of mass agitation, which he called fibre and the biodegradability of jute to control the
Satyagraha.(1 Mark) environment pollution, the demand for jute industry
(ii) Satyagraha is considered as a pure soul-force because has revived once again. This opened new opportunities
the idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth for the jute products.(2 Marks)
and the need to search for truth. Truth is the very 13.
substance of the soul. That is why this force is called
Satyagraha.(1 Mark)
(iii) (a) According to Gandhiji, “Passive resistance is not
the weapon of the weak but it can be used by the
strong”.(1 Mark)
(b) It was considered as an intense activity. He further
related it with Satyagraha which was not based on
any ill-will.(1 Mark)
12. (i) The two challenges of jute industry are:
(b) (I) Tarapur
(a) Stiff competition in the international market from 
synthetic substitutes. (A) Calcutta
 (c) Hyderabad
(b) Indian jute industry also faces competition from
other jute supplier countries like Bangladesh,
Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. (b) (II) Kalpakkam
(1 Mark)
(ii) The main objective of National Jute Policy (2005)
was to increase productivity, improve quality and to
ensure good price to the jute farmers.(1 Mark) (3 Marks)
338 SOCIAL SCIENCE

Term-I
Time allowed : 1½ hours Maximum Marks : 40

(i) The Question Paper contains four sections.
(ii) Section A has 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
(iii) Section B has 22 questions. Attempt any 18 questions.
(iv) Section C has 12 questions (Case based). Attempt any 10 questions.
(v) Section D contains 2 map based questions. Attempt both the questions.
(vi) All questions carry equal marks.
(vii) There is no negative marking.
6. Who among the following was the architect for the

Section-A unification of Germany?
Attempt any 20 out of 24 questions. (a) Otto Von Bismarck (b) William I
1. Industrialisation began in which one of the following (c) Frederick III (d) William II
European countries in the second half of the eighteenth 7. Who among the following sought to put together a coherent
century? program for a unitary Italian Republic during the 1830s?
(a) Germany (b) France (a) Victor Emmanuel I (b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Italy (d) England (c) Giuseppe Mazzini (d) Count Cavour
8. In which one of the following states is overgrazing the
2. Which types of governments were mainly driven in Europe
main reason for land degradation?
after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815?
(a) Maharashtra (b) Punjab
(a) Conservative (b) Liberal
(c) Haryana (d) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Federal (d) Feudal
9. Identify the soil that ranges from red to brown in colour
3. Which one of the following groups of countries collectively and saline in nature:
defeated Napoleon in 1815? (a) Red soil (b) Laterite soil
(a) Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria (c) Arid soil (d) Alluvial soil
(b) Britain, Russia, Prussia and Australia 10. Which one of the following forces leads to maximum soil
(c) Britain, Russia, Netherlands and Germany erosion in the plains?
(d) Britain, Luxembourg, Germany and Italy (a) Wind (b) Glacier
(c) Running water (d) Earthquake
4. In which one of the following countries did the first
liberalist-nationalist upheaval take place in July 1830? 11. Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land
degradation in which one of the following states?
(a) France (b) Germany
(a) Odisha (b) Tamil Nadu
(c) England (d) Italy (c) Kerala (d) Gujarat
5. Who among the following remarked “When France sneezes, 12. Who among the following was proclaimed King of United
the rest of Europe catches cold”? Italy in 1861?
(a) Lord Byron (b) Metternich (a) Charles I (b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Johann Herder (d) Napoleon (c) Giuseppe Garibaldi (d) Nero
13. Which one of the following subjects is included in the Union 23. Which one of the following factors is mainly responsible
List? for declining water level in India?
(a) Communication (b) Trade (a) Irrigation (b) Industrialisation
(c) Commerce (d) Irrigation (c) Urbanisation (d) Over-utilisation
14. Which one of the following elements is not included in the 24. Which one of the following subjects is included in the
Belgium model? Concurrent List?
(a) Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in (a) Trade (b) Commerce
the government.
(c) Agriculture (d) Marriage
(b) Many powers of the central government have been
given to state governments. Section-B
(c) Brussels has a separate government in which both
communities have equal representation. Attempt any 18 out of 22 questions.
(d) There is a community government that has special 25. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and
powers of administration. Reason (R). Read the statement and choose the most
15. Which one of the following countries is an example of appropriate option.
‘Holding together federation’? Assertion (A): After the Russian occupation in Poland,
(a) Australia (b) India the Russian language was imposed on its people.
(c) U.S.A. (d) Switzerland Reason (R): The use of Polish soon became a symbol of
16. Which one of the following ethnic communities is in majority struggle against Russian dominance.
in Sri Lanka? (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and
(a) Sri Lankan Tamils (b) Indian Tamils Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Muslims (d) Sinhalese (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason
17. Which one of the following subjects is included in the State (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
List? (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(a) Banking (b) Business (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
(c) Currency (d) Communication 26. Read the facts regarding the Revolution of the Liberals in
18. Activities that help in the development of the Primary and Europe during 1848 and choose the correct option:
Secondary sectors come under which one of the following (i) Abdication of the monarch
sectors? (ii) Universal male suffrage had been proclaimed
(a) Primary (b) Secondary
(iii) Political Rights to women were given
(c) Tertiary (d) Quaternary
(iv) Freedom of the press had been asked for
19. Identify the correct feature of unitary form of government
(a) Only (i) and (ii) are correct
from the following options:
(a) There are two or more levels of government. (b) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(b) Different tiers of government govern the same citizens. (c) Only (i) and (iv) are correct
(c) Each tier of government has its own jurisdiction. (d) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(d) The sub-units are subordinate to the central government. 27. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and
20. At the initial stages of development, which one of the following Reason (R). Read the statement and choose the most
sectors was the most important for economic activity? appropriate option.
(a) Primary (b) Secondary Assertion (A): Weavers in Silesia led a revolt against
contractors in 1845.
21. Activities in which natural products are changed into other Reason (R): Contractors had drastically reduced their
forms come under which one of the following sectors? payments.
(a) Primary (b) Secondary (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
22. The products received by exploiting natural resources (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason
come under which one of the following section? (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(a) Quaternary (b) Tertiary (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(c) Secondary (d) Primary (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
340 SOCIAL SCIENCE

28. On which of the following modern aspects did the new Reason (R): This will increase income and reduce
Germany place a strong emphasis? environmental degradation simultaneously.
(i) Currency (ii) Banking (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and
(iii) Legal system (iv) Demography Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(a) Only (i) and (ii) are correct (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason
(b) Only (ii) and (iii) are correct (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Only (iii) and (iv) are correct (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
29. Which one of the following Italian states was ruled by an 35. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and
Italian princely house? Reason (R). Read the statement and choose the most
(a) Papal State (b) Lombardy appropriate option.
(c) Venetia (d) Sardinia-Piedmont Assertion (A): The majority community is dominant in a
few democratic states.
30. Identify the characteristics of Cavour among the following
and choose the correct option: Reason (R): Dominance can undermine the unity of the country.
(i) He was an Italian statesman. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
(ii) He spoke French much better than Italian.
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason
(iii) He was a tactful diplomat.
(R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(iv) He belonged to a Royal family.
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(a) Only (i) and (ii) are correct
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
(b) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
36. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and
(c) Only (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct Reasoning (R). Read the statement and choose the most
(d) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct appropriate option.
31. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) Assertion (A): Power sharing is good.
Reason (R). Read the statement and choose the most Reason (R): It helps to reduce the possibility of conflicts
appropriate option. between social groups.
Assertion (A): In Britain, the formation of the nation-state (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and
was not the result of a sudden upheaval. Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Reason (R): Ethnic groups in Britain extended its influence. (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
(R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 37. Choose the correct pair among the following:
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. (Country) (Administration)
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true. (a) Russia – Unitary
32. Which of the following is not a problem of resource (b) China – Federal
development? (c) Canada – Unitary
(a) Depletion of resources to satisfy the greed of a few (d) Argentina – Federal
individuals. 38. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and
(b) Accumulation of resources in few hands. Reason (R). Read the statement and choose the most
(c) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources. appropriate option.
(d) An equitable distribution of resources. Assertion (A): The distrust between Sinhalese and Tamil
33. Which one of the following human activities has communities turned into widespread conflict in Sri Lanka.
contributed most in land degradation? Reason (R): 1956 Act recognized Sinhala as the only
(a) Deforestation (b) Overgrazing official language.
(c) Mining (d) Over-irrigation (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
34. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Reason (R). Read the statement and choose the most (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason
appropriate option. (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Assertion (A): Indian farmers should diversify their (c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
cropping patterns from cereals to high value crops. (d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
CBSE 2022 (Term-I) 341

39. Identify ‘Horizontal power sharing’ arrangements among
the following in modern democracies: Section-C
(a) Different organs of government This section consists of two cases–A and B. There are total of
(b) Governments at different levels 12 questions in this section. Attempt any 5 questions from each
(c) Different social groups case.
(d) Different parties, pressure groups and movements Case-A
40. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct Read the source given below. Attempt any 5 questions out of 6
option: (Q.No. 47-52) questions.
Column-I Column-II Jhumming: The ‘slash and burn’ agriculture is known as ‘Milpa’ in
A. Union List I. Computer-releated matter Central America, ‘Conuco’ in Venzuela, ‘Roca’ in Brazil, ‘Masola’
in Central Africa, ‘Ladang’ in Indonesia, ‘Ray’ in Vietnam.
B. State List II. Forest
C. Concurrent List III. Police In India, this primitive form of cultivation is called ‘Bewar’
or ‘Dahiya’ in Madhya Pradesh, ‘Podu’ or ‘Penda’ in Andhra
D. Subsidiary Matters IV. Defence Pradesh, ‘Pama Dabi’ or ‘Koman’ or ‘Bringa’ in Odisha,
(a) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I (b) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV ‘Kumari’ in Western Ghats, ‘Valre’ or ‘Waltre’ in South-eastern
(c) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I (d) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV Rajasthan, ‘Khil’ in the Himalayan belt, ‘Kuruwa’ in Jharkhand,
41. Which of the following countries is an example of ‘coming and ‘Jhumming’ in the North-eastern region.
together’ federation? 47. How is Primitive Subsistence Agriculture related to
(a) United States of America (b) India Jhumming?
(c) Spain (d) Belgium (a) It is based on shifting cultivation.
42. What is not an integral part of the government? (b) It is intensive in nature.
(a) Office of the Prime Minister
(c) It is based on plantation cultivation.
(b) Legislature
(d) It depends on the cash crop.
(c) Executive
(d) Judiciary 48. The ‘slash and burn’ agriculture is known as ‘Conuco’ in
43. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and which one of the following countries?
Reason (R). Read the statement and choose the most (a) Venezuela (b) Brazil
appropriate option. (c) Indonesia (d) Mexico
Assertion (A): Kerela has a low infant Mortality Rate. 49. The ‘slash and burn’ agriculture is known as ‘Roca’ in
Reason (R): Kerela has adequate provision of basic health which one of the following countries?
and education facilities. (a) Mexico (b) Indonesia
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and (c) Brazil (d) Venezuela
50. Identify the major problem of Jhumming cultivation.
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason
(R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (a) Single crop dominance (b) Modern inputs
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. (c) High cost (d) Low production
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true. 51. In India ‘slash and burn’ agriculture is known as ‘Bewar’,
44. Suppose there are four families in your locality, the average in which one of the following states?
per capita income of whom is `10,000. If the income of (a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Madhya Pradesh
three families is `6,000, `8000 and `14,000 respectively, (c) Rajasthan (d) Jharkhand
what would be the income of the fourth family? 52. Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct
(a) `5,000 (b) `10,000 options:
(c) `12,000 (d) `15,000
45. Which one of the following sectors shows the highest Column-I Column-II
share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India? A. Andhra Pradesh I. Kuruwa
(a) Primary (b) Secondary B. Odisha II. Valre
(c) Teritary (d) Quaternary C. Rajasthan III. Penda
46. Which one of the following sectors showed the highest
D. Jharkhand IV. Pama Dabi
share of employment in 2017-18, in India?
(a) Primary (b) Secondary (a) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I (b) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(c) Tertiary (d) Quaternary (c) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III (d) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
342 SOCIAL SCIENCE

Case-B 58. Which one of the following means of irrigation generally
Read the source given below. Attempt any 5 questions out of 6 falls under the Public Sector?
(Q.No. 53-58) questions. (a) Well (b) Tube well
Take the case of Laxmi and her two-hectare plot of unirrigated (c) Tank (d) Canal
land. The government can spend some money, or banks can
provide a loan, to construct a well for her family to irrigate the Section-D
land. Laxmi will then be able to irrigate her land and take a
second crop, wheat, during the rabi season. Let us suppose that Map-Based Questions – 59 and 60 are Mandatory.
one hectare of wheat can provide employment to two people for
50 days (including sowing, watering, fertilizer application, and
harvesting). So two more members of the family can be employed
in her own field. Now suppose a new dam is constructed and
canals are dug to irrigate many such farms. This could lead to a
lot of employment generation within the agriculture sector itself,
reducing the problem of underemployment.
53. Which one of the following economic sectors is Laxmi
related to?
(a) Primary (b) Secondary
54. Which one of the following categories of farmers is Laxmi
related to? (B)
(a) Big (b) Medium
(c) Marginal (d) Agricultural labourer (A)
55. In which one of the following sectors is underemployment
seen at its maximum?
(a) Industry (b) Agriculture
(c) Trade (d) Commerce
56. How does the construction of dams and canals create
employment in large numbers in rural areas?
(a) A large number of engineers are needed. 59. On the outline political map of India, ‘A’ is marked as
(b) A large number of technicians are also required. Dam. Identify it from the following options:
(c) Adjustment of large number of unskilled labourers. (a) Tehri
(d) Executives and administrators can easily be adjusted. (b) Sardar Sarovar
57. Which one of the following is the main result of increasing (c) Hirakud
irrigation facilities in the field of agriculture? (d) Nagarjuna Sagar
(a) Increase in production 60. On the same map, ‘B’ is also marked as the largest ‘Jute’
(b) Increase in productivity producer state. Identify it from the following options.
(c) Change in cropping pattern (a) West Bengal (b) Bihar
(d) Promote high yielding of crops (c) Assam (d) Odisha
EXPLANATIONS
1. (d) England 7. (c) Giuseppe Mazzini
2. (a) Conservative 8. (a) Maharashtra
3. (a) Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria 9. (c) Arid soil
4. (a) France 10. (c) Running water
5. (b) Metternich 11. (a) Odisha
6. (a) Otto Von Bismarck 12. (b) Victor Emmanuel II

13. (a) Communication Average per capita income
14. (d) There is a community government that has special Total income of all families
powers of administration. =
Number of families
15. (b) India
` 28, 000 + X
16. (d) Sinhalese = `10,000 =
4
17. (b) Business To find X:
18. (c) Teritary = `10,000 × 4 = `28,000 + X
19. (a) There are two or more levels of government. = `40,000 = `28,000 + X
20. (a) Primary = X = `40,000 – `28,000 = `12,000
21. (b) Secondary Hence, the income of the fourth family if `12,000.
45. (c) Tertiary
22. (d) Primary
46. (a) Primary
23. (a) Irrigation
47. (a) It is based on shifting cultivation
24. (d) Marriage
48. (a) Venezuela
25. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
49. (c) Brazil
50. (d) Low production
26. (d) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
51. (b) Madhya pradesh
27. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
52. (a) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
53. (a) Primary
28. (d) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
54. (c) Marginal
29. (d) Sardinia-Piedmont
55. (b) Agriculture
30. (b) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
56. (c) Adjustment of a large number of unskilled labourers.
31. (c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false. 57. (a) Increase in production
32. (d) An equitable distribution of resources 58. (d) Canal
33. (a) Deforestation Solution (59-60):
34. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and
37. (d) Argentine-Federal
39. (a) Different organs of government
(A) West bengal
40. (a) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
41. (a) United States of America (B) Hirakud
42. (a) Office of the Prime Minister

44. (c) Average per capita income = `10,000
Total income of the three families
= `6,000 + `8,000 + `4,000 = `28,000 59. (c) Hirakud
Let X be the income of the fourth family. 60. (a) West Bengal
344 SOCIAL SCIENCE

DELHI

(i) Question paper comprises four Sections - A, B, C and D. There are 35 questions in the question paper. All questions are
compulsory.
(ii) Section A - Question No. 1 to 20 are very short answer type questions, carrying 1 mark each.
(iii) Section B - Question No. 21 to 28 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should
(iv) Section C - Question No. 29 to 34 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should
(v) Section D - Question No. 35 is map based carrying 6 marks with two parts 35(a) from History (2 marks) and 35(b) from
(vi) Answer should be brief and to the point also the above word limit be adhered to as far as possible.
OR
Section-A By 1448, Gutenberg perfected the system of printing. The
1. Which of the following revolutions is called as the first first book he printed was the _______.
expression of ‘Nationalism’? (1 Mark) 6. Why was reading of manuscript not easy in India? Choose
(a) French Revolution the appropriate reason from the following options:(1 Mark)
(b) Russian Revolution (a) Manuscripts were highly cheap.
(c) Glorious Revolution (b) Manuscripts were widely spread out.
(d) The Revolution of the liberals (c) Manuscripts were written in English and Hindi.
2. Why was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 troublesome (d) Manuscripts were fragile.
for plantation workers? (1 Mark) 7. Who were called ‘Chapmen’? (1 Mark)
3. Why was the Vernacular Press Act passed in 1878? (a) Book seller
(1 Mark) (b) Paper seller
OR (c) Workers of printing press
Why was ‘Gulamgiri’ book written by Jyotiba Phule in 1871? (d) Seller of ‘penny chap books’
4. Define the term ‘Veto.’ (1 Mark) 8. Fill in the blanks. (½ + ½ = 1 Mark)
OR
Define the term ‘Carding.’ [OS]* Types of Resources Examples
5. Fill in the blank. (1 Mark) A-? Biotic and Abiotic
Buddhist missionaries from China introduced
B-? Renewable and non-renewable
hand-printing technology into ______ around A.D. 768-770.
*[OS] denotes Out of the Syllabus questions.

9. Which is the oldest artificial sea port of India? (1 Mark) (c) Farmers who (iii) Assured a higher
OR depend only on rain support prices for
Which is the deepest, landlocked and well protected sea for growing crops their crops
port of India? (d) A rural woman (iv) Regular job and high
10. In which of the following States is Kalpakkam Nuclear from a land owning wages to increase her
Power Plant located? (1 Mark) family income
(a) Gujarat (b) Odisha
18. Study the table and answer the question given below.
(c) Kerala (d) Tamil Nadu
(1 Mark)
11. Choose the correct option from Columns-I and Column-II.
(1 Mark) Some comparative data on Haryana, Kerala and Bihar
Column-I Column-II State Infant Literacy Net Attendance
(a) Chandrapur thermal power (i) Odisha Mortality Rate % Ratio (per
plant Rate per 2011 100 persons)
1,000 live secondary stage
(b) Mayurbhanj iron ore mines (ii) Amarkantak births (age 14 and
(c) Kalol oil fields (iii) Gujarat (2016) 15 years) 2013-14
(d) Bauxite mines (iv) Jharkhand Haryana 33 82 61
12. Fill in the blank: (1 Mark) Kerala 10 94 83
________ industry is used for manufacturing aircraft, Bihar 38 62 43
utensils and wires.
Sources: Economic Survey, 2017-18 Vol. 2, Government of
13. Which one of the following is a major caste group of Sri India; National Sample Survey Organisation (Report No. 575)
Lanka: (1 Mark)
In comparison to Kerala which state has the highest infant
(a) Christian and Tamil (b) Buddhist and Hindu mortality rate.
(c) Sinhali and Tamil (d) Sinhali and Christian 19. Suggest any one way to create employment in semi-rural
14. State any one step taken in Belgium to rule out the areas. (1 Mark)
problem of regional differences and cultural diversities. 20. How is GDP calculated? (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) OR
15. Modern democracies maintain check and balance system. How is Public sector different from Private sector?
Identify the correct option based on the horizontal power
sharing arrangement. (1 Mark) Section-B
(a) Central government, state government, local bodies.
(b) Legislature, executive, judiciary. 21. Read the source given below and answer the questions
that follows:
(c) Among different social groups.
Source - The Movement in the Towns
(d) Among different pressure groups.
The movement started with middle-class participation in
16. Suggest any one way to protect women from domestic
the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled
oppression. (1 Mark)
schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned,
OR and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council
Suggest any one way to create communal harmony among elections were boycotted in most provinces except
various communities of India. Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non-
17. Choose the incorrect option from Column-I and Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way
Column-II. (1 Mark) of gaining some power–something that usually only
Brahmans had access to.
Column-I Column-II
(Category of Person) (Developmental Goals/ The effects of non-cooperation on the economic front were
Aspirations) more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops
picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The
(a) Landless rural (i) More days of work import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its
labourers and better wages value dropping from Rs. 102 crore to Rs. 57 crore. In many
(b) Prosperous farmers (ii) Availability of other places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign
from Punjab sources of irrigation goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement
346 SOCIAL SCIENCE

spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and 31. Describe any five functions of political party.
wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile (1 × 5 = 5 Marks)
mills and handlooms went up. 32. ‘Democratic system is better than any other form of
(i) Explain the role of ‘Justice Party’ in boycotting of governments.’ Support the statement with examples.
council elections. (1 Mark) (5 Marks)
(ii) How was the effects of ‘non-cooperation on the 33. “Bank plays an important role in the economic
economic front’ dramatic? (1 Mark) development of the country.” Support the statement with
(iii) Explain the effect of ‘Boycott’ movement on ‘foreign examples. (5 Marks)
textile trade.’ (1 Mark) OR
22. Explain any three effects of population growth in England “Credit sometimes pushes the borrower into a situation
in the late eighteenth century. [OS]* (1 × 3 = 3 Marks) from which recovery is very painful.” Support the
OR statement with examples.
Why did the export of Indian textile decline at the 34. Read the sources given below and answer the questions
beginning of the nineteenth century? Explain any three that follow:
reasons. [OS]* Source A - Production across countries
23. Describe the importance of judicious use of resources. Until the middle of the twentieth century, production
(3 Marks) was largely organised within countries. What crossed the
OR boundaries of these countries were raw material, food stuff
Describe the different steps of ‘resource planning’. and finished products. Colonies such as India exported
24. “Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast raw materials and food stuff and imported finished goods.
development of the country.” Support the statement with Trade was the main channel connecting distant countries.
examples. (3 Marks) This was before large companies called multinational
25. Describe any three features of ‘federal government.’ corporations (MNCs) emerged on the scene.
(1 × 3 = 3 Marks) Source B - Foreign trade and integration of markets
OR Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers
Describe any three features of ‘unitary government.’ to reach beyond the domestic markets, i.e., markets of
26. Mention any three features of ‘secularism’ described in their own countries. Producers can sell their produce not
the Indian Constitution. (1 × 3 = 3 Marks) only in markets located within the country but can also
OR compete in markets located in other countries of the
Mention the problem of ‘Casteism’ in Indian politics. world. Similarly, for the buyers, import of goods produced
27. Suggest any three ways to maintain Body Mass Index in another country is one way of expanding the choice of
(BMI). (1 × 3 = 3 Marks) goods beyond what is domestically produced.
28. “Tertiary sector activities help in the development of the Source C - Impact of globalisation in India
primary and secondary sectors.” Evaluate the statement. Globalisation and greater competition among producers –
(3 Marks) both local and foreign producers – has been of advantage
OR to consumers, particularly the well-off sections in
“ ‘Primary sector’ was the most important sector of the urban areas. There is greater choice before these
economic activity at initial stages of development.” consumers who now enjoy improved quality and lower
Evaluate the statement. prices for several products. As a result, these people today,
enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible
Section-C earlier.
Source A - Production across countries
29. How did ideas of national unity in early nineteenth century (i) How are MNCs a major force in connecting the
Europe allied to the ideology of liberalism? Explain. countries of the world? (1 Mark)
(5 Marks) Source B - Foreign trade and integration of markets
OR (ii) How does foreign trade become a main channel in
How did Greek war of independence mobilise nationalist connecting countries? (2 Marks)
feelings among the educated elite across Europe? Explain. Source C - Impact of globalisation in India
30. Why is agriculture called the backbone of Indian economy? (iii) How is globalisation beneficial for consumers?
Explain. (5 Marks) (2 Marks)

Section-D
35. (a) Two features ‘A’ and ‘B’ are marked on the given
political outline map of India. Identify these features (B)
with the help of the following informations and write
their correct names on the lines marked near them.
(1 × 2 = 2 Marks)
(A) The place where the Indian National Congress
Session was held.
(B) The place where the movement of Indigo planters
was started.
(b) Locate and label any four of the following with
appropriate symbols on the same given political
outline map of India. (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)
(i) Sardar Sarovar Dam
(ii) Bhilai Iron and Steel Plant [OS]* (A)
(iii) Pune Software Technology Park
(iv) Kochi Major Sea Port
(v) Indore Cotton Textile Industry [OS]*
(vi) Naraura Nuclear Power Plant
EXPLANATIONS
1. (a) French Revolution (1 Mark) 6. (d) Manuscripts were fragile. (1 Mark)
2. The Inland Emigration Act of 1859 was troublesome for 7. (d) Seller of ‘penny chap books’. (1 Mark)
plantation workers as it made it mandatory for workers to 8. (A) On the basis of origin
have a pass or license to migrate from one place to another. (B) On the basis of exhaustibility (1 Mark)
This made it difficult for plantation workers to leave their
9. The oldest artificial sea port of India is Chennai port.
current jobs and seek employment elsewhere, leading to
exploitation by plantation owners. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
3. The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 by the OR
British colonial government in India. The act was aimed at The deepest, landlocked and well protected seaport of
controlling the Indian-language press, which was becoming India is Vishakhapatnam, which is located in Andhra
increasingly critical of British policies. (1 Mark) Pradesh. (1 Mark)
OR 10. (d) Tamil Nadu (1 Mark)
To critique the caste system prevalent in India at that time. 11.
The book was aimed at empowering the Dalits and Other
Backward Classes (OBCs), who were oppressed by the Column-I Column-II
upper castes, and advocating for their social and political (a) Chandrapur thermal power (iv) Jharkhand
upliftment. (1 Mark) plant
4. A veto is the power of a person or group to stop a proposal (b) Mayurbhanj iron ore mines (i) Odisha
or law from being passed. (1 Mark) (c) Kalol oil fields (iii) Gujarat
OR
(d) Bauxite mines (ii) Amarkantak
Out of the Syllabus
5. Japan (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
OR 12. Aluminium smelting (1 Mark)
Bible (1 Mark) 13. (c) Sinhali and Tamil (1 Mark)
348 SOCIAL SCIENCE

14. One step taken in Belgium to rule out the problem of began discarding imported clothes and wearing only
regional differences and cultural diversities is the adoption Indian ones, leading to an increase in the production of
of a federal system of government. Under this system, power Indian textile mills and handlooms. (1 Mark)
is divided between the central government and the regional (iii) The boycott movement had a significant impact on
governments, allowing each region to have some degree of foreign textile trade. As foreign goods were boycotted,
autonomy and control over its own affairs. (1 Mark) the import of foreign cloth halved between 1921
15. (b) Legislature, executive, and judiciary (1 Mark) and 1922, its value dropping from Rs. 102 crore to
16. One way to protect women from domestic oppression is Rs. 57 crore. As the boycott movement spread, people
to raise awareness about women’s rights and domestic began discarding imported clothes and wearing only
violence through education and community outreach Indian ones, leading to a significant increase in the
programs. (1 Mark) production of Indian textile mills and handlooms.
OR (1 Mark)
One way to create communal harmony among various 22. Out of the Syllabus
communities of India is to promote interfaith dialogue and 23. The following are some of the reasons why the judicious
understanding. This can involve organizing community use of resources is important:
events and gatherings where people from different (i) Conservation of resources: The judicious use of
religious and cultural backgrounds can come together to resources helps in the conservation of natural
share their perspectives and experiences, and learn from resources, which are finite and may become scarce if
one another. (1 Mark) not used sustainably. (1 Mark)
17. (d) (1 Mark) (ii) Sustainable development: The judicious use of
Column-I Column-II resources is essential for sustainable development,
(Category of Person) (Developmental Goals/ which aims to meet the needs of the present without
Aspirations) compromising the ability of future generations to
(d) A rural woman from (iv) Regular job and high meet their own needs. (1 Mark)
a land owning family wages to increase her (iii) Economic benefits: The judicious use of resources
income can lead to economic benefits, such as cost savings,
increased efficiency, and reduced waste. (1 Mark)
18. Based on the data provided in the table, it can be OR
concluded that Bihar has the highest infant mortality rate Resource planning involves the following steps:
in comparison to Kerala. (1 Mark) (i) Identification of resources: The first step in resource
19. One way to create employment in semi-rural areas is to planning is to identify the resources that are available,
promote the development of small scale industries (SSIs) such as natural resources, human resources, and
and cottage industries. (1 Mark) financial resources. (¾ Mark)
20. GDP, or Gross Domestic Product is calculated by adding (ii) Inventory of resources: The second step is to take an
the value of all final goods and services produced within a inventory of the resources, which involves assessing
country in a given period of time, typically a year.(1 Mark) the quantity, quality, and availability of the resources.
OR (¾ Mark)
The public sector includes organizations that are owned (iii) Allocation of resources: The third step is to allocate
and operated by the government, while the private sector the resources based on the priorities and objectives of
includes organizations that are owned and operated by the organization or community. (¾ Mark)
individuals or groups of individuals. (1 Mark) (iv) Monitoring and evaluation: The final step is to monitor
21. (i) The Justice Party, the party of non-Brahmans, and evaluate the use of resources to ensure that they
participated in the council elections in Madras as they are being used efficiently and effectively. (¾ Mark)
felt that entering the council was one way of gaining 24. The presence of efficient means of transport are
some power, something that usually only Brahmans pre-requisite for the fast development of a country.
had access to. However, in most provinces, the The following are some examples to support this statement:
elections were boycotted. (1 Mark) (i) Economic growth: Efficient transport systems can
(ii) The non-cooperation movement had a significant facilitate the movement of goods and services, which
impact on the economic front. Foreign goods were is essential for economic growth. For example, the
boycotted, liquor shops were picketed, and foreign development of better road networks and railway
cloth was burnt in huge bonfires. Merchants and systems can help transport goods and raw materials
traders also refused to trade in foreign goods or finance quickly and efficiently, leading to increased
foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, people productivity and economic growth. (1 Mark)

(ii) Employment opportunities: Efficient transport 26. Secularism is an important feature of the Indian
systems can also create employment opportunities, as Constitution. The following are some of the features of
they require a large workforce to operate and maintain secularism as described in the Indian Constitution:
the infrastructure. For example, the development of (Any three)
new airports, seaports, and railway stations can create (i) No state religion: The Indian Constitution does not
employment opportunities for a large number of recognize any particular religion as the state religion.
people. (1 Mark) The government is not allowed to promote any
(iii) Social development: Efficient transport systems can particular religion or discriminate against any particular
also contribute to social development by facilitating community on the basis of religion. (1 Mark)
the movement of people and goods across the country. (ii) Freedom of religion: The Indian Constitution
For example, the development of better road networks guarantees the freedom of religion to all citizens.
can help people access education, healthcare, and other Every citizen has the right to practice, profess, and
essential services, leading to social development. propagate any religion of their choice. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) (iii) Equality of all religions: The Indian Constitution
25. A federal government is a form of government in which ensures equality of all religions. No religion is
power is divided between a central government and considered superior or inferior to any other religion.
several constituent units. The following are some of the All religions are treated equally under the law.(1 Mark)
features of federal government: (iv) Religious tolerance: The Indian constitution
(i) Division of powers: Federal government is promotes religious tolerance, which means that every
characterized by the division of powers between citizen has the right to respect the religious beliefs of
the central government and the constituent units. others and practice their own religion without the fear
Both levels of government have their own areas of of persecution. (1 Mark)
jurisdiction and are independent of each other. OR
(1 Mark) Casteism is a significant problem in Indian politics.
(ii) Written constitution: The federal government is The following are some of the ways in which casteism
based on a written constitution that outlines the powers manifests itself in Indian politics:
of the central government and the constituent units. (i) Vote-bank politics: Political parties often use caste as
The constitution also provides for a system of checks a means to form vote banks. They appeal to specific
and balances to prevent any one level of government castes to secure their votes, which can lead to a divided
from becoming too powerful. (1 Mark) society. (1 Mark)
(iii) Independent judiciary: A federal government has (ii) Reservation system: The reservation system in India
an independent judiciary that serves as a check on is based on caste. This system provides affirmative
the powers of both the central government and the action for historically disadvantaged castes, but it can
constituent units. The judiciary is responsible for also lead to resentment and perpetuate caste divisions.
interpreting the constitution and ensuring that both (1 Mark)
levels of government remain within their constitutional (iii) Discrimination: Despite constitutional safeguards,
limits. (1 Mark) discrimination based on caste still exists in Indian
OR politics. People from lower castes are often excluded
Unitary government is a form of government in which from political power and face discrimination in many
power is concentrated in the hands of a central government. areas of life. (1 Mark)
The following are some features of unitary government: 27. Maintaining a healthy Body Mass Index (BMI) is essential
(i) Concentration of power: Unitary government is for good health and well-being. The following are some
characterized by the concentration of power in the ways to maintain a healthy BMI:
hands of the central government. (1 Mark) (i) Exercise regularly: Regular exercise is key to
(ii) No division of powers: Unlike the federal maintaining a healthy BMI. Engaging in physical
government, there is no division of powers between activity for at least 30 minutes a day can help burn
the central government and the constituent units in calories and maintain a healthy weight. (1 Mark)
unitary government. (1 Mark) (ii) Eat a balanced diet: A balanced diet that includes
(iii) No written constitution: Unitary government does a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean
not have a written constitution that outlines the powers proteins, and healthy fats can help maintain a healthy
of the central government and the constituent units. BMI. Avoiding processed foods, sugary drinks, and
(1 Mark) excessive amounts of salt can also help. (1 Mark)
350 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(iii) Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help (ii) Anti-monarchism: Both the ideas of national unity and
maintain a healthy BMI. Water helps flush out toxins liberalism were opposed to the traditional monarchies
from the body and can help reduce hunger pangs, of Europe. They called for the establishment of
which can lead to overeating. (1 Mark) representative governments that would be accountable
28. The statement, “Tertiary sector activities help in the to the people. (1 Mark)
development of the primary and secondary sectors” is true. (iii) Cultural identity: The ideas of national unity and
The following are some reasons why: liberalism were both based on the idea of a shared
(i) Demand for raw materials: The primary sector cultural identity. They called for the creation of a
produces raw materials, which are used by the nation-state that would reflect the cultural identity of
secondary sector to manufacture goods. The tertiary its people. (1 Mark)
sector provides services to the secondary sector, such (iv) Emphasis on individual rights: Both national
as transportation and distribution, which help to meet unity and liberalism gave importance to individual
the demand for raw materials. (1 Mark) rights. They believed that individual should have the
(ii) Market development: The tertiary sector provides freedom to live their lives as they wished, free from
services to the primary and secondary sectors, such government interference. (1 Mark)
as marketing and advertising, which help to increase (v) Emphasis on education: Both national unity and
the demand for their products. This, in turn, leads to the liberalism emphasized the importance of education.
growth of the primary and secondary sectors.(1 Mark) They believed that education was essential for the
(iii) Employment generation: The tertiary sector provides development of a modern nation-state. (1 Mark)
employment opportunities for people who work in OR
the primary and secondary sectors. For example, the The Greek War of Independence mobilized nationalist
transportation and distribution services provided by feelings among the educated elite across Europe in the
the tertiary sector employ people who work in the following ways:
primary and secondary sectors. (1 Mark)
(i) Symbol of hope: The Greek War of Independence
OR was seen as a symbol of hope for the liberation of
The statement, ‘Primary sector’ was the most important other oppressed nations and peoples in Europe. This
sector of economic activity at the initial stages of inspired nationalist feelings among the educated elite
development” is true. The following are some reasons why: across Europe. (1 Mark)
(i) Limited technology: At the initial stages of (ii) Media coverage: The war was widely covered by the
development, technology was limited, and most of the media in Europe, which helped to spread awareness
economic activity was based on agriculture and other about the struggle for independence among the
primary activities. (1 Mark) educated elite. (1 Mark)
(ii) High population dependent on agriculture: At the (iii) Inspiration for other nationalist movements: The
initial stages of development, most of the population success of the Greek War of Independence inspired
was dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. This other nationalist movements across Europe, as it
made the primary sector the most important sector of demonstrated that a small nation could successfully
economic activity. (1 Mark) fight for its independence against a larger and more
(iii) Export of primary goods: At the initial stages of powerful empire. (1 Mark)
development, most of the countries were exporting (iv) Significance of the war: The Greek War of
primary goods to other countries. This made the Independence was significant in that it helped to
primary sector the most important sector of economic mobilize nationalist feelings among the educated
activity. (1 Mark) elite across Europe and inspired other nationalist
29. The ideas of national unity in early nineteenth century movements. It also showed that a small nation could
Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism. successfully fight for its independence against a larger
The following are some ways in which these ideas were and more powerful empire. (1 Mark)
linked: In summary, the Greek War of Independence mobilized
(i) Common values: Both national unity and liberalism nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe
were based on common values of freedom, equality, by serving as a symbol of hope, attracting the support
and democracy. They believed that power should of intellectuals and artists, inspiring other nationalist
be vested in the people rather than in the hands of movements, and demonstrating the significance of the
monarchs. (1 Mark) struggle for independence. (1 Mark)

30. Agriculture is called the backbone of the Indian economy (v) Accountability: Political parties hold the government
for several reasons. The following are some of the reasons accountable for its actions. They provide a check
why: on the power of the government and ensure that the
(i) Employment: Agriculture is the primary source government acts in the best interests of the people.
of employment for a large percentage of the Indian (1 Mark)
population. Around 50% of the Indian workforce is 32. Democratic systems are better than any other form of
employed in the agricultural sector, making it the government because they offer several advantages. The
largest employer in the country. (1 Mark) following are some examples that support this statement:
(ii) Contribution to GDP: Agriculture contributes (i) Protection of individual rights: Democratic systems
significantly to the Indian GDP. It accounts for around protect the individual rights of citizens. For example,
17-18% of the country’s GDP. (1 Mark) in India, the Constitution guarantees the fundamental
(iii) Food security: Agriculture provides food security rights of its citizens, such as the right to equality,
to the Indian population. The country’s population freedom of speech and expression, and the right to life
depends on the agricultural sector for food, and any and liberty. (1 Mark)
fluctuations in agricultural output can have a significant (ii) Free and fair elections: In a democratic system,
impact on the food security of the country. (1 Mark) elections are free and fair. Citizens have the right to vote
for the candidate of their choice, and the government
(iv) Export earnings: Indian agriculture generates
is elected by the people. For example, India conducts
significant export earnings for the country. India is
general elections every five years, where citizens have
one of the largest exporters of agricultural products the right to vote for their representatives. (1 Mark)
in the world, and agricultural exports account for
(iii) Rule of law: Democratic systems are based on the rule
a significant portion of the country’s total export
of law. The government is bound by the Constitution
earnings. (1 Mark)
and the laws of the land. For example, in India, the
(v) Rural development: Agriculture is closely linked Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and the
to the development of rural areas in the country. government is bound by its provisions. (1 Mark)
The growth of the agricultural sector can lead to the (iv) Accountability: In a democratic system, the government
development of rural infrastructure, such as roads, is accountable to the people. The government is
irrigation facilities, and power supply, which can help elected by the people and is responsible for its
improve the standard of living of rural communities. actions. For example, in India, the Parliament
(1 Mark) holds the government accountable through various
31. Political parties perform several functions within a mechanisms, such as question hour, debates, and no-
democratic system. The following are some of the confidence motions. (1 Mark)
functions of political parties: (v) Peaceful resolution of conflicts: Democratic systems
(i) Contesting elections: Political parties contest provide a peaceful means of resolving conflicts.
elections at all levels of government, from local to Citizens can express their views and opinions
national. They choose candidates who represent their through peaceful means, such as protests, rallies, and
party and its views. (1 Mark) demonstrations. (1 Mark)
(ii) Forming government: Political parties form 33. Banks play an essential role in the economic development
government when they win elections. They take of a country. Here are some examples that support this
statement:
responsibility for governing and implementing policies
and programs that benefit the people. (1 Mark) (i) Mobilizing savings: Banks help mobilize savings
from the public. They accept deposits from individuals
(iii) Representation: Political parties represent the
and businesses and use these funds to lend to others.
interests and views of the people. They provide a
This mobilization of savings helps to channel funds to
platform for citizens to express their political opinions productive sectors of the economy. (1 Mark)
and preferences. (1 Mark)
(ii) Providing credit: Banks provide credit to individuals
(iv) Articulating policies: Political parties articulate and businesses. This credit helps to finance
policies that reflect the views and interests of their investments in new businesses, expansions of existing
members and supporters. They provide a vision for the businesses, and other productive activities. This credit
country and set out a plan for achieving that vision. helps to spur economic growth and development.
(1 Mark) (1 Mark)
352 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(iii) Facilitating trade: Banks provide trade finance and 34. (i) MNCs are a major force in connecting the countries
other services that help facilitate international trade. of the world as they operate across different countries,
This helps businesses to expand their operations bringing together production activities and creating
and enter new markets, which can lead to increased a network of suppliers and customers that spans
economic activity and growth. (1 Mark) different regions and markets. This helps to integrate
(iv) Promoting financial inclusion: Banks help promote economies and promote the flow of goods, services,
financial inclusion by providing access to financial and capital between countries. (1 Mark)
services to people who may not have access to them (ii) Foreign trade becomes a main channel in connecting
otherwise. This helps to reduce poverty and promote countries as it provides an opportunity for producers
economic development. (1 Mark) to reach beyond the domestic markets and sell their
(v) Supporting government programs: Banks support products in markets located in other countries.
government programs by providing funding for Similarly, import of goods produced in another country
infrastructure projects and other initiatives that helps the expand the choice of goods beyond what is
promote economic development. For example, domestically produced. This promotes the integration
banks may provide loans to fund the construction of of markets and helps to create a network of suppliers
highways, bridges, and other infrastructure projects. and customers across different regions and markets.
(1 Mark) (2 Marks)
OR (iii) Globalisation and greater competition among
producers, both local and foreign, have been of
Credit is an essential component of the financial system,
advantage to consumers, particularly the well-off
but it can also lead to problems for borrowers. Here are
sections in urban areas. There is greater choice before
some examples that support the statement that credit
these consumers who now enjoy improved quality
sometimes pushes the borrower into a situation from
and lower prices for several products. As a result,
which recovery is very painful:
these people today enjoy much higher standards of
(i) High-interest rates: Borrowers who take out loans living than were possible earlier. Thus, globalisation
with high-interest rates may find it difficult to repay has been beneficial for consumers as it has increased
their loans. The high-interest rates can make it the range of products available to them and improved
challenging for borrowers to keep up with their loan their standards of living. (2 Marks)
payments, leading to defaults and financial distress. 35.
(1 Mark)
(ii) Over-indebtedness: Borrowers who take out too (b) (vi) Nuclear Power Plant-Naraura
many loans may become over-indebted. This can lead
(B) Champaran in Bihar
to financial stress and make it difficult for borrowers (b) (i) Sardar
to meet their financial obligations. (1 Mark) Sarovar Dam
(iii) Unforeseen circumstances: Borrowers who take out

loans may face unforeseen circumstances that make it
difficult for them to repay their loans. For example, a
borrower may lose their job or experience a medical
emergency that makes it impossible for them to make
their loan payments. (1 Mark)
(iv) Predatory lending practices: In some cases, lenders (b) (ii) Iron and Steel
may engage in predatory lending practices that take Plant-Bhilai [OS]
advantage of vulnerable borrowers. These practices (b) (v) Cotton Textile

can lead to borrowers taking out loans that they cannot Industry-Indore [OS]
afford to repay, leading to financial distress.(1 Mark) (A) INC Session
(b) (iii) Software in Madras
(v) Lack of financial literacy: Borrowers who lack Technology
(b) (iv) Major Sea Port-Kochi
financial literacy may not fully understand the terms Park-Pune
of the loans they are taking out. This can lead to
borrowers taking out loans that they cannot afford to
repay, leading to financial distress. (1 Mark) (6 Marks)

Outside DELHI

(i) Question paper comprises four Sections - A, B, C and D. There are 35 questions in the question paper. All questions are
compulsory.
(ii) Section A — Question No. 1 to 20 are very short answer type questions, canying 1 mark each.
(iii) Section B — Question No. 21 to 28 are short answer type questions, canying 3 marks each. Answer to each question
(iv) Section C — Question No. 29 to 34 are long answer type questions, canying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should
(v) Section D — Question No. 35 is map based carrying 6 marks with two parts 35(a) from History (2 marks) and
35(b) from Geography (4 marks).
(vi) Answer should be brief and to the point also the above word limit be adhered to as far as possible.
4. Name the two hostile group of Second World War.

Section-A
(1 Mark)
1. Name the Civil Code of 1804 which established equality OR
before law and secured the right to property in France.
Name the two industrialists of Bombay who built huge
(1 Mark)
industrial empires during nineteenth century.
2. Who among the following wrote the Vande Mataram?
5. Which among the following best signifies the idea of
(1 Mark)
liberal nationalism of nineteenth century Europe?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(1 Mark)
(b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(a) Emphasis on social justice
(c) Abanindranath Tagore
(b) State planned socio-economic system
(d) Dwarkanath Tagore
3. Which one of the following was NOT the reason for the (c) Freedom for individual and equality before law
popularity of scientific ideas among the common people (d) Supremacy of State oriented nationalism.
in eighteenth century Europe? (1 Mark) 6. “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”.
(a) Printing of idea of Isaac Newton Who among the following said this popular line?
(b) Development of printing press (1 Mark)
(c) Interest of people in science and reason (a) Giuseppe Mazzini (b) Mattermich
(d) Traditional aristocratic groups supported it (c) Otto Von Bismarck (d) Guiseppe Garibaldi
7. Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate 14. Consider the following statements regarding language
chronological order: (1 Mark) policy of Indian Federation. (1 Mark)
(i) Coming of Simon Commision to India. (i) Hindi was identified as the official language.
(ii) Demand of Purna Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC. (ii) Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised
(iii) Government of India Act, 1919. as scheduled languages.
(iv) Champaran Satyagraha. (iii) English can be used along with Hindi for official
Choose the correct option: purpose.
(a) (iii)-(ii)-(iv)-(i) (b) (i)-(ii)-(iv)-(iii) Choose the right option from the following:
(c) (ii)-(iii)-(i)-(iv) (d) (iv)-(iii)-(i)-(ii) (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (ii)
8. Complete the following table with appropriate terms in (c) Only (i) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
places of A and B. (1 Mark) 15. In the question given below, there are two statements
Means of Transportation marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the
statements and choose the correct option: (1 Mark)
Land Water Air Assertion (A): Democracy is a legitimate government.
Reason (R): Regular, free and fair elections are the spirit
of democracy.
Roadways Inland Domestic (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct
waterways
explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
Railways B–? International
(c) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(d) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
A–? 16. Suggest any one way to make political parties more
responsive to the people’s need and demand. (1 Mark)
9. India has emerged as a software giant at the International
OR
level. Suggest any one way to enhance the export of
information technology. (1 Mark) Suggest any one way to promote the public participation in
10. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is an example of the Political Parties for enhancing the quality of democracy.
________ industry in India. (1 Mark) 17. Correct the following statement and rewrite it. (1 Mark)
OR Removing barriers or restrictions by the government is
Lime stone, sillica, alumina and gypsum are the raw known as Globalisation.
materials of ________ industry. [OS]* OR
11. Read the following features of a soil and name the related International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organisation
soil: (1 Mark) whose aim is to liberalise international trade.
(a) Develops in high rainfall area 18. Which among the following issues currency notes on
(b) Intense leaching process takes place. behalf of the Central Government? (1 Mark)
(c) Humus content is low. (a) State Bank of India
12. Write the temperature requirement of Maize crop. (b) Reserve Bank of India
(1 Mark) (c) Commercial Bank of India
OR
(d) Union Bank of India
Write the amount of annual rainfall required for the
19. Choose the incorrect option from the following:(1 Mark)
cultivation of Wheat.
13. Read the following information and write a single term List-I List-II
for it. (1 Mark) (a) Courier (i) Tertiary Sector
The constitution of India provides freedom to profess and (b) Fisherman (ii) Primary Sector
practice any religion to all its citizens. The constitution (c) Carpenter (iii) Primary Sector
of India prohibits discrimination on religious grounds. (d) Banker (iv) Tertiary Sector

20. Define the term Per Capita income. (1 Mark)
OR
Section-C
Define the term Literacy rate. 29. Read the sources given below and answer the questions
that follows:
Section-B Source-1: Religious Reform and Public Debates
21. Describe the implications of First World War on the There were intense controversies between social and
economic and political situation of India. (3 Marks) religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters
OR like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical
Describe the role of poor peasantry in the ‘Civil priesthood, and idolatry. in Bengal, as the debate
Disobedience Movement’. developed, tracts and newspapers proliferated, circulating
22. How had Indian trade been beneficial for the British during a variety of argument.
seventeenth century? Explain. (3 Marks) Source-2: New Forms of Publication
OR New literary forms also entered the world of reading lyrics,
Why did the elite of Britain prefer hand made goods in the short stories, essays about social and political matters.
mid-nineteenth century? Explain. In different ways, they reinforced the new emphasis on
23. “A concerted effort has to be made in order to use mineral human lives and intimate feelings, about the political and
resources in a planned and sustainable manner.” Suggest social rules that shaped such things.
and explain any three measures. (3 Marks) Source-3: Women and Print
24. “The pace of change in the communication sector has Since social reforms and novels had already created a
been rapid in modern times.” Support the statement with great interest in women’s lives and emotions, there was
examples. (3 Marks) also an interest in what women would have to say about
OR their own lives.
“Roadways have an edge over Railways.” Support the (i) Evaluate how did the print shape the nature of the
statement with examples. debate in the early nineteenth century in India.
25. Describe the rationale behind the implementation of (1 Mark)
Decentralisation in India. (3 Marks)
(ii) To what extent do you agree that print opened up
26. Read the sources given below and answer the questions
new worlds of experience and gave a vivid sense of
that follow:
diversity of human lives? (2 Marks)
Over a hundred countries of the world today claim and
practice some kind of democratic politics: they have (iii) To what extent did the print culutre reflect a great
formal constitutions, they hold elections, they have parties interest in women’s lives and emotions? Explain.
and they guarantee rights of citizens. While these features (2 Marks)
are common to most of them, these democracies are very 30. Explain the factors which are responsible for location of
much different from each other in terms of their social industries. (5 Marks)
situations, their economic achievements and their cultures. OR
Clearly, what may be achieved or not achieved under each
of these democracies will be very different. Explain the ways through which the industrial pollution of
fresh water can be reduced.
(i) Explain the fascination for democracy amomgst
various countries. (1 Mark) 31. ‘Communalism can take various forms in politics.’ Explain.
(ii) Explain democracy on the basis of expected and actual (5 Marks)
outcome. (2 Marks) 32. Describe the necessity of political parties in democratic
27. Why is the tertiary sector becoming more important in countries. (5 Marks)
India? Explain. (3 Marks) OR
OR Descripe the efforts to reform political parties in India.
Why is organised sector preferred by the employees? 33. “The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.”
Explain. Explain with examples. (5 Marks)
28. Describe the significance of the Reserve Bank of India. 34. Why is sustainability important for development? Explain.
(3 Marks) (5 Marks)
356 SOCIAL SCIENCE

Section-D
35. (a) Two places A and B are marked on the given political
outline map of India. Identify them and write their
correct names on the lines drawn near them.(2 Marks) (B)
A. The place where Indian National Congress
Session was held.
B. The place where Indigo Planters organised
Satyagraha.
(b) On the same outline map of India, locate and label any
four of the following with appropriate symbols:
(4 Marks)
(i) Haldia–Major sea port
(ii) Mohali–Software technology park [OS]* (A)
(iii) Vijayanagar–Iron and Steel Industrial Centre
[OS]*
(iv) Naraura–Nuclear Power Plant
(v) Tehri–Dam
(vi) Thiruvananthapuram–International Airport [OS]*
EXPLANATIONS
1. The Napoleonic Code (1 Mark) 13. Secular/Secularism (1 Mark)
2. (b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (1 Mark) 14. (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) (1 Mark)
3. (d) Traditional aristocratic groups supported it. (1 Mark) 15. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct
4. The two hostile groups of the Second World War were the explanation of (A). (1 Mark)
Allied Powers (United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union) 16. One way to make political parties more responsive to the
and the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan). (1 Mark) people’s needs and demands is by increasing transparency
in their functioning. (1 Mark)
OR
OR
The two industrialists of Bombay who built huge industrial
One way to promote public participation in political
empires during the nineteenth century were Dinshawpetit
parties is by encouraging youth and marginalized groups
and Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata. (1 Mark)
to join political parties. Political parties should provide
5. (d) Supremacy of State oriented nationalism. (1 Mark) opportunities for these groups to participate in decision-
6. (b) Matternich (1 Mark) making processes and leadership positions. (1 Mark)
7. (d) (iv)-(iii)-(i)-(ii) (1 Mark) 17. Removing barriers or restrictions by the government is
8. A-pipeline, B-Overseas. (1 Mark) known as Liberalisation (1 Mark)
9. Globalisation/International trade (1 Mark) OR
10. Information Technology (1 Mark) World Trade Organisation (WTO) is an organisation
OR whose aim is to liberalise international trade.
18. (b) Reserve Bank of India (1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus (1 Mark)
19. (c) Carpenter – (iii) Primary Sector (1 Mark)
11. Laterite soil (1 Mark)
20. Per capita income refers to the average income earned
12. 21-27 degree Celsius (1 Mark) per person in a particular area or country. It is calculated
OR by dividing the total income of a region or country by its
50-75 cm (1 Mark) population. (1 Mark)

OR (iii) The elite believed that mass-produced goods lacked
Literacy rate refers to the percentage of the population quality and craftsmanship, which were only possible
above a certain age who can read and write in a particular with handmade goods. (1 Mark)
language. It is a measure of the education level of a 23. To use mineral resources in a planned and sustainable
population. manner, the following measures can be taken:
21. The First World War had significant implications on the (i) Proper planning and management of resources,
economic and political situation of India. including identifying mineral-rich areas and ensuring
Economic: their sustainable extraction. (1 Mark)
(i) India became a prominent exporter of raw materials (ii) Implementation of environmentally-friendly mining
and food grains, leading to inflation and widespread practices, such as using renewable energy sources and
poverty. (1 Mark) minimizing waste. (1 Mark)
(ii) The war led to a significant increase in India’s debt, (iii) Monitoring and regulation of mining activities to
which had to be repaid with interest. (1 Mark) ensure compliance with environmental and safety
Political: standards. (1 Mark)
(i) India’s contribution to the war was not recognized, 24. The statement “The pace of change in the communication
fueling the demand for self-governance. (1 Mark) sector has been rapid in modern times” is supported by
OR several examples. Here are some examples of the rapid
changes in the communication sector: (Any three)
The poor peasantry played a crucial role in the ‘Civil
Disobedience Movement.’ (i) Telecommunication Revolution: The advent
of mobile phones and the rapid expansion of
(i) They formed the bulk of the participants in
telecommunication networks have transformed
the movement, providing the necessary mass
communication. In the past, landline telephones were
mobilization. It is because of them that civil
the primary means of communication, but now mobile
Disobedience Movement could become a mass
phones have become ubiquitous, providing instant
movement. (1 Mark)
communication and connectivity. (1 Mark)
(ii) They were also the most affected by the oppressive
(ii) E-Commerce: E-commerce platforms have
policies of the British, which further fueled their
transformed the way people shop and communicate
resentment and participation in the movement.(1 Mark)
with businesses. Online shopping and digital payment
(iii) Their participation highlighted the fact that the fight
methods have made transactions faster and more
for freedom was not just limited to the educated and
convenient. (1 Mark)
privileged classes. (1 Mark)
(iii) Social Media: The rise of social media platforms
22. Indian trade was beneficial for the British during the
like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp has
seventeenth century due to the following reasons:
brought about a paradigm shift in communication.
(i) India was a source of raw materials, such as cotton, People can now share their thoughts, photos, and
silk, and spices, which were in high demand in Europe. videos with a vast audience instantly, transcending
(1 Mark) geographical boundaries. (1 Mark)
(ii) The British established various trading posts and (iv) Video Conferencing: The development of video
monopolies, such as the East India Company, which conferencing technology has facilitated real-time
helped them control and dominate trade in the region. communication between individuals and groups in
(1 Mark) different locations. Businesses and organizations use
(iii) The profits generated from Indian trade helped fuel video conferencing for meetings, training sessions,
the Industrial Revolution in Britain. (1 Mark) and collaborations, saving time and resources on
OR travel. (1 Mark)
The elite of Britain preferred handmade goods in the mid- (v) Instant Messaging Apps: Apps like WhatsApp and
nineteenth century because: Telegram have become prevalent, enabling quick and
(i) It was seen as a sign of luxury and refinement, easy text, voice, and video messaging. These apps have
reflecting their social status. (1 Mark) become an integral part of personal and professional
(ii) It was also a means of supporting the domestic economy communication for billions of people worldwide.
and promoting British-made goods. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
358 SOCIAL SCIENCE

OR (ii) It provides better working conditions, benefits, and
Roadways have an edge over Railways because: opportunities for career growth. (1 Mark)
(i) Roads offer greater flexibility and accessibility, (iii) It offers legal protection and rights, such as minimum
connecting even remote areas. (1 Mark) wages and social security. (1 Mark)
(ii) Road transport is also generally cheaper and more 28. The Reserve Bank of India plays a crucial role in India’s
efficient for short distances. (1 Mark) economy:
(iii) Roadways are not dependent on any infrastructure, (i) It acts as the central bank of the country, regulating
unlike railways, which require dedicated tracks and and overseeing the banking system. (1 Mark)
stations. (1 Mark) (ii) It formulates and implements monetary policies to control
25. (i) The rationale behind the implementation of inflation and promote economic growth. (1 Mark)
decentralization in India is to promote good governance
(iii) It manages the country’s foreign exchange reserves
and local accountability. (1 Mark)
and plays a key role in maintaining the stability of the
(ii) Decentralization involves the transfer of power and
rupee. (1 Mark)
decision-making to local bodies, such as panchayats
and municipalities. (1 Mark) 29. (i) The print culture in the early nineteenth century in
India shaped the nature of the debate by providing a
(iii) This helps ensure that the needs and demands of
platform for social and religious reformers to express
the local population are addressed, leading to better
their opinions and ideas. It allowed for the circulation
service delivery and development. (1 Mark)
of various arguments and tracts, which helped to spread
26. (i) The fascination for democracy amongst various
awareness and promote discussion. The print culture also
countries can be attributed to the fact that democracy
enabled the debate to reach a wider audience, facilitating
is seen as a system that allows individuals to
the exchange of ideas and opinions among people from
participate in the decision-making process, promotes
different regions and backgrounds. (1 Mark)
equality and protects the rights of citizens. It provides
a platform for individuals to voice their opinions and (ii) Print opened up a new world of experience and gave a
elect their representatives. Moreover, it allows for a vivid sense of diversity of human lives by introducing
peaceful transfer of power and promotes stability in a new literary forms such as lyrics, short stories, and
government. (1 Mark) essays about social and political matters. These literary
(ii) Democracy can be evaluated on the basis of expected forms helped to reinforce the new emphasis on human
and actual outcome. The expected outcome of lives and intimate feelings, promoting awareness and
democracy is that it provides a platform for individuals understanding of the political and social rules that
to participate in the decision-making process and shaped such things. The print culture enabled people
promotes equality, freedom and protection of rights. to explore and appreciate the diversity of human
However, the actual outcome of democracy may lives, promoting empathy and understanding among
be influenced by various factors such as economic different cultures and communities. (2 Marks)
situation, social situation, cultural differences (iii) The print culture reflected a great interest in women’s
and political stability. Therefore, the outcome of lives and emotions by providing a platform for women
democracy may vary from country to country, and to express their opinions and ideas. Social reforms and
what may be achieved or not achieved under each of novels had already created a great interest in women’s
these democracies will be very different. (2 Marks) lives and emotions, and the print culture helped to
27. The tertiary sector is becoming more important in India reinforce this interest by enabling women to express
due to various factors such as: their opinions through various literary forms. This
(i) The growth of service-based industries, such as IT and helped to promote awareness and understanding of
finance, which are driving the economy. (1 Mark) women’s issues, and contributed to the empowerment
(ii) The increasing demand for services such as healthcare, of women in society. The print culture enabled women
education, and tourism. (1 Mark) to participate in the social and political discourse,
(iii) The shift towards a more urbanized and consumer-driven providing a platform for their voices to be heard.
economy, which requires more services. (1 Mark) (2 Marks)
OR 30. The location of industries is influenced by various factors,
The organized sector is preferred by employees due to such as:
various reasons: (i) Availability of raw materials, as industries tend to
(i) It offers job stability and security, with clearly defined be located near the source of raw materials to reduce
roles and responsibilities. (1 Mark) transportation costs. (1 Mark)

(ii) Availability of labor and skilled workforce, as it is (ii) Provide a platform for citizens to participate in the
essential for the smooth functioning of industries. political process and express their opinions.(1 Mark)
(1 Mark) (iii) Help facilitate the functioning of the government and
(iii) Access to transportation and communication networks ensure accountability and transparency. (1 Mark)
such as roads, railways, ports, and airports. (1 Mark) (iv) Help create a healthy competition between different
(iv) Availability of power and water supply, as industries political groups and promote a diversity of opinions
require a lot of energy and water for their operations. and ideas. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark)
(v) Political parties are essential for the smooth
(v) Government policies, such as incentives, subsidies, functioning of a democracy and ensuring that the
and tax breaks, can also influence the location of people’s voices are heard. (1 Mark)
industries. (1 Mark)
OR
OR
There have been various efforts to reform political parties
Industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced through
in India, such as: (Any five)
various ways, such as:
(I) Introducing internal democracy within political
(i) Treating industrial wastewater before it is released
into water bodies. (1 Mark) parties, such as holding regular elections and
promoting transparency in decision-making.(1 Mark)
(ii) Implementing strict regulations and standards to limit
the amount of pollutants that industries can discharge. (ii) Reducing the role of money and muscle power in
(1 Mark) party politics, such as introducing campaign finance
(iii) Promoting the use of eco-friendly technologies and reforms and cracking down on criminal elements.
practices, such as reducing water usage and recycling (1 Mark)
wastewater. (1 Mark) (iii) Encouraging the participation of women and
(iv) Encouraging industries to shift towards cleaner sources marginalized groups in party politics, such as
of energy, such as solar and wind power. (1 Mark) introducing quotas and affirmative action. (1 Mark)
(v) Creating awareness among industries and the public (iv) Promoting the culture of issue-based politics, where
about the importance of water conservation and parties focus on policies and ideas rather than
pollution prevention. (1 Mark) personalities and identity politics. (1 Mark)
31. Communalism can take various forms in politics, such as: (v) These reforms are necessary to strengthen India’s
(i) Communal violence: It is the most extreme form democracy and ensure that political parties are
of communalism, where violence is used to achieve accountable to the people. (1 Mark)
political goals based on religious or ethnic identity. 33. The impact of globalization has not been uniform, and it
(1 Mark) has affected different countries and regions in different
(ii) Electoral politics: Communalism can also manifest ways.
in electoral politics, where political parties try to (i) Developed countries have been able to take advantage
win elections by appealing to the religious or ethnic of globalization to expand their markets and access
identities of voters. (1 Mark) new sources of labor and resources. (1 Mark)
(iii) Regional communalism: Political parties use regional
(ii) Developing countries have been able to attract
identities to create divisions and promote their own
foreign investment and increase their exports, but
interest. (1 Mark)
they have also faced challenges such as job losses and
(iv) Caste communalism: Political parties use caste environmental degradation. (1 Mark)
identities to create vote banks and promote their own
interests. (1 Mark) (iii) Globalization has led to a widening income gap
between the rich and the poor within countries and
(v) Linguistic communalism: communalism where
between countries. (1 Mark)
political parties use language identities to create
division and promote their own interest. (1 Mark) (iv) It has also led to cultural homogenization and the
32. Political parties are necessary in democratic countries as erosion of traditional values and practices. (1 Mark)
they: (v) Overall, the impact of globalization is complex and
(i) Represent the political views and interests of different multifaceted, and it requires careful consideration and
sections of society. (1 Mark) management. (1 Mark)
360 SOCIAL SCIENCE

34. Sustainability is crucial for development due to the (v) Resilience to Global Challenges: Sustainable
following reasons: development enhances the resilience of societies to
(i) Environmental Conservation: Sustainable global challenges such as pandemics, natural disasters
development aims to balance economic growth and economic crises. (1 Mark)
with environmental conservation. It ensures that 35.
natural resources are used wisely and protected for (b) (v) Tehri Dam
future generations, avoiding resource depletion and

(b) (iv) Naraura
environmental degradation. (1 Mark) (b) (ii) (a) B Champaran
(ii) Long-term Economic Prosperity: Sustainable Mohali
[OS]
development focuses on meeting the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs. (1 Mark)
(iii) Social Equity: Sustainable development emphasizes
social equity and inclusivity. It aims to reduce
poverty, inequality, and social disparities and provide
access to basic needs like education, health care, and
(b) (i) Haldia
employment opportunities for all members of society.
(b) (iii) Vijayanagar [OS]
(1 Mark)
(a) A Nagpur
(iv) Preservation of Cultural Heritage: Sustainable
development recognizes the importance of preserving (b) (vi) Thiruvananthapuram
[OS]
cultural heritage and traditional knowledge. It values
diverse cultures and promotes the protection of
cultural practices and identities. (1 Mark)
(6 Marks)

DELHI

(i) The question paper is divided into four Sections - Section A, Section B, Section C and Section D.
(ii) The question paper has 26 questions in all.
(iii) All questions are compulsory.
(iv) Marks are indicated against each question.
(v) Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are Very Short Answer Type Questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
(vi) Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answers to these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(vii) Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
(viii) Question number 26 is a map question of 5 marks with two parts 26(A) and 26(B) – 26(A) from History (2 marks) and
26(B) from Geography (3 marks). After completion, attach the map inside your answer-book.
Section-A Section-B
1. Interpret the concept of ‘liberalisation’ in the field of 8. How had Napoleonic code exported to the regions under
economic sphere during the nineteenth century in Europe. French control? Explain with examples. (3 × 1 = 3 Marks)
(1 Mark) OR
OR Explain with examples the three barriers that are
Interpret the contribution of French in the economic responsible to economic growth in Vietnam. [OS]
development of Mekong delta region. [OS] 9. How had the Imperial State in China been the major
2. How had hand printing technology introduced in Japan? producer of printed material for a long time? Explain with
(1 Mark) examples. (3 × 1 = 3 Marks)
OR OR
How had translation process of novels into regional How had novels been easily available to the masses in
languages helped to spread their popularity? [OS] Europe during nineteenth century? Explain with examples.
3. How is over irrigation responsible for land degradation in [OS]
Punjab? (1 Mark) 10. Describe any three main features of ‘Rabi’ crop season.
OR (3 × 1 = 3 Marks)
How is cement industry responsible for land degradation? OR
4. How can democratic reforms be carried out by political Describe any three main features of ‘Kharif’ crop season.
conscious citizens? (1 Mark) 11. “Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing
5. What may be a goal of landless rural labourers regarding population in India.” Analyse the statement.
their income? (1 Mark) (3 × 1 = 3 Marks)
OR 12. “The assertion of social diversities in a democratic country
What may be a goal of prosperous farmer of Punjab? is very normal and can be healthy.” Justify the statement
6. Distinguish between ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ sector. with arguments. (3 × 1 = 3 Marks)
(1 Mark) OR
7. Why do banks or lenders demand collateral against loans? “Social divisions affect politics.” Examine the statement.
(1 Mark) [OS]
13. “Women still lag much behind men in India despite OR
some improvements since independence.” Analyse the How is the idea of power sharing emerged? Explain
statement.(3 × 1 = 3 Marks) different forms that have common arrangements of power
14. How are political parties recognized as regional and sharing.
national parties in India? Explain with examples. 24. Describe the importance of democratic government as
(1½ + 1½ = 3 Marks) an accountable and legitimate government.
15. “Consequences of environmental degradation do not (5 × 1 = 5 Marks)
respect national or state boundaries.” Justify the statement. 25. Why do multinational corporations (MNCs) set up their
(3 × 1 = 3 Marks) offices and factories in certain areas only? Explain any
16. Why is the ‘tertiary sector’ becoming important in India? five reasons. (5 × 1 = 5 Marks)
Explain any three reasons. (3 Marks)
OR
Section-D
How do we count various goods and services for 26. (A) Two features a and b are marked on the given political
calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country? outline map of India. Identify these features with
Explain with example. the help of the following information and write their
17. Describe the importance of formal sources of credit in the correct names on the lines marked near them.
economics devlopment. (3 × 1 = 3 Marks) (2 × 1 = 2 Marks)
OR (a) The place where the Indian National Congress
Describe the bad effects of informal sources of credit on session was held.
borrowers. (b) The city where Jallianwala Bagh incident took
18. How can consumers use their ‘Right to Seek Redressal’? place.
Explain with examples. [OS] (3 Marks) (B) Locate and label any three of the following with
appropriate symbols on the same given outline
Section-C political map of India. (1 × 3 = 3 Marks)
(i) Kalpakkam - Nuclear Power Plant
19. Who had organized the dalits into the ‘Depressed Classes
(ii) Vijayanagar - Iron and Steel Plant [OS]
Association’ in 1930? Describe his achievements.
(1 + 4 = 5 Marks) (iii) Noida - Software Technology Park
OR (iv) Paradeep - Sea Port
Define the term “Civil disobedience movement”. Describe (v) Sardar Sarovar - Dam
the participation of rich and poor peasant communities in
the civil disobedience movement?
20. “Indian trade had played a crucial role in the late nineteenth (b)
century world economy.” Analyze the statement.
(5 × 1 = 5 Marks)
OR
“Series of changes affected the pattern of industrialization
in India by the early twentieth century.” Analyze the
statement.
OR
“Industrialization had changed the form of urbanization
in the modern period.” Analyze the statement with special
reference of London. [OS]
21. How are industries responsible for environmental
(a)
degradation in India? Explain with examples.
(5 × 1 = 5 Marks)
22. “Roadways still have an edge over railways in India.”
Support the statement with examples. (5 × 1 = 5 Marks)
23. Compare the situation of Belgium and Sri Lanka
considering their location, size and cultural aspects.
(1 + 1 + 3 = 5 Marks)

EXPLANATIONS
1. In terms of economics, “liberalism” advocates for market 6. Primary sector:
freedom and the elimination of restrictions placed by the It covers those activities that involve production of goods
government on the flow of capital and goods. directly using natural resources. E.g. Agriculture.(½ Mark)
According to the weight or measurement of the goods, Secondary Sector:
which varied for each state, duties were assessed. The It covers those activities in which natural products are
removal of these quotas and the reduction of customs changed into other forms through manufacturing. This is the
duties were results of liberalisation. next step after primary activity. E.g. Industries. (½ Mark)
The urgent need was for a unified economic zone that
7. Collateral is something of value - an asset or property
permitted unrestricted movement of people, goods, and
that the borrower pledges when getting a loan, such as
capital. A customs union called Zollverein eliminated
land, building, vehicle etc. This is used as a guarantee by
tariffs in 1834 and cut the number of currencies from
the lender until the loan is repaid. If the borrower fails
over thirty to just two. The main liberalisation idea that
to repay the loan, the lender is free to sell the collateral
pervaded Europe in the 19th century was this. (1 Mark)
and reimburse his amount. Thus, collateral acts like a
OR guarantee against loan. (1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus
8. Napoleon’s administrative reforms, the abolition of the
2. Around 768–770 AD, Chinese Buddhist missionaries feudal system, and the release of peasants from serfdom
introduced hand printing to Japan. (1 Mark) and manorial dues were all accomplished through the
OR exportation of the Napoleonic Code to the areas under
Out of the Syllabus French control.
3. Over-irrigation has a very negative effect on the (i) In the Netherlands Republic, Switzerland, Italy, and
environment and leads to land degradation. This is due Germany. (1 Mark)
to waterlogging. Due to over-irrigation in Punjab the
(ii) Guild restrictions were also lifted in the towns.
alkalinity in soil increases which makes it infertile and
Systems for transportation and communication were
unsuitable for cultivation. (1 Mark)
enhanced. The freedom was relished by workers,
OR peasants, artisans, and new business owners.(1 Mark)
When minerals are processed, such as when grinding
(iii) Business people and small-scale manufacturers in
limestone for the cement industry, a significant amount
particular started to realise that standardised laws,
of dust is released into the atmosphere. Later, it settles in
weights and measures, and a common national
the immediate vicinity, slowing the infiltration of water
currency would impede the flow of capital and goods
into the soil. This is how the cement industry damages the
from one region to another. (1 Mark)
environment. (1 Mark)
4. The primary goal should be to increase and elevate the OR
level of regular citizens’ political participation. Politically Out of the Syllabus
aware citizens have an advantage because they can 9. From AD 594 onwards, books in China were printed by
distinguish between right and wrong when they are aware rubbing paper against the inked surface of woodblocks.
of the obligations and rights to which they are entitled The imperial state in China was, for a very long time,
under the constitution. They are also able to influence the major producer of printed material. China possessed
public opinion by participating in debates or simply by a huge bureaucratic system that recruited its personnel
spreading the word about this awareness. Politically aware through civil service examinations. Textbooks for this
citizens are more knowledgeable about international examination were printed in vast numbers under the
relations and politics. (1 Mark) sponsorship of the imperial state. From the sixteenth
5. Goals of a landless rural labourer are: (Any one)(1 Mark) century, the number of examination candidates went up;
(i) More days of work and better wages which increased the volume of print. By the seventeenth
(ii) Local school is able to provide quality education for century, as urban culture bloomed in China, the uses of
their children print diversified. Reading has increasingly become a
OR leisure activity. Women, revolutionaries, poets and even
A prosperous farmer in Punjab seeks to: (Any one)(1 Mark) merchants used print in everyday life. (3 Marks)
(i) Ensure a high level of family income. OR
(ii) Easy access to low-cost labourers Out of the Syllabus
364 SOCIAL SCIENCE

10. The three main features of Rabi crop are: (ii) A smaller proportion of girl students for higher
(i) Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to studies. Girls are performing as well as boys in school.
December and harvested in summer from April to But they drop out because parents prefer to spend
June. (1 Mark) their resources on their boys’ education rather than
(ii) Wheat, barley, peas, grams, and mustard are examples spending equally on their sons and daughters.
of Rabi crop. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
(iii) The proportion of women among the highest paid and
(iii) During the winter months, the precipitation from most valued jobs is still very small. On an average, an
western cyclones helps in the success of these crops. Indian woman works one hour more than an average
(1 Mark) man every day. (1 Mark)
OR 14. Democracies that follow a federal system all over the
The three main features of Kharif crop are: world tend to have two kinds of political parties: Parties
that are present in only one of the federal units and parties
(i) Grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of
that are present in several or all units of the national level.
the country. (1 Mark)
Every party in the country has to register with the Election
(ii) Harvested in September-October. (1 Mark) Commission. Parties that get a unique symbol and some
(iii) Important Kharif crops are Paddy, Maize, Jowar, other special facilities are ‘recognized’ by the Election
Bajra, Tur (arhar) etc. (1 Mark) Commission for this purpose. That is why these parties are
11. Water scarcity is an outcome of a large and growing called, ‘recognized political parties’. A party that secures
population. A huge population requires more water, both at least six percent of the total votes in an election to the
for home consumption and for food production. Therefore, Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats
water resources are being overused to increase irrigated is recognized as a ‘State Party’. (1½ Marks)
areas and dry-season agriculture to enable increased food For example- Trinamool Congress, Shiv Sena, DMK etc.
grain output. The majority of farmers have wells and A party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in
tube wells on their properties for irrigation to improve Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states
their harvest. Falling groundwater levels result from and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognized
this, which negatively impacts people’s access to water as a ‘National party’. For example- BJP, Indian National
and food security. All of India’s rivers—particularly the Congress.(1½ Marks)
smaller ones—have degenerated into poisonous streams. 15. It suggests that environmental degradation is a global issue
Even the large ones, like the Yamuna and Ganga, are not and not just a problem in a few nations. According to the
entirely clear. India’s rivers are under constant attack from claim, environmental degradation affects the entire world,
urbanisation, industrialisation, agricultural modernisation, not just the region in which it occurs. It also has an impact on
and population growth. This whole thing puts life in danger. nearby areas and the world at large. Therefore, protecting
the environment is crucial for the entire world, not just a
(3 Marks)
particular region. True, environmental degradation knows
12. The assertion of social diversities in a democratic country no regional or governmental boundaries.In other words,
is very normal and can be healthy because : environmental degradation is not limited to a single
(i) This allows various disadvantaged and marginal state or country. It has global and international effects.
social groups to express their grievances and get the Internationally and globally, its effects are felt. (3 Marks)
government to attend to them. (1 Mark) 16. Importance of the tertiary sector:
(ii) Expression of various social diversity results in their (i) The tertiary sector provides basic services like public
cancelling one another out and thus reducing their transportation, medical cars, electricity, banking, post
intensity. (1 Mark) offices, etc under the control of the government.
(iii) They also help to uplift the marginalised or deprived (1 Mark)
section of society which also leads to strengthening of (ii) The tertiary sector creates a huge area for employment
democracy (1 Mark) even for uneducated and unskilled workers.(1 Mark)
(iii) The tertiary sector distributes consumer goods to
OR different suppliers. (1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus OR
13. In our country women still lag much behind men despite Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of the
some improvements since Independence. Women face final goods and services produced during a year within the
disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in various ways: domestic territory of a country. While calculating GDP,
(i) The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent as final goods and services are counted to avoid the problem
compared with 76 per cent among men (1 Mark) of double counting.

For e.g. a farmer sold wheat to a flour mill for `10 per kg. movement. Being producers of commercial crops, they
The mill grinds the wheat and sells the flour to a biscuit were hit hard by the trade depression and falling prices.
company for `12 per kg. The biscuit company uses flour, These rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of
sugar and butter to make 5 biscuit packets. It sells the biscuit the Civil Disobedience Movement, organizing their
to the consumer at `15 per packet. Here biscuits are the final communities, and at times forcing reluctant members, to
goods that are purchased by the consumer. Wheat and wheat participate in the boycott programmes. For them, the fight
flour are the intermediate goods used in the production of for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues. Poor
the final good. The value of `15 already includes the value peasants wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord remitted.
of flour `12. Hence, only the value of final goods and They joined a variety of radical movements, often led
services is included in GDP (3 Marks) by socialists and communists. Apprehensive of raising
17. Importance of formal sources of credit in the economic issues that might upset the rich peasants and landlords,
development: the Congress was unwilling to support no rent campaigns
(i) Formal sources provide cheap credit.(1 Mark) in most places. So, the relationship between the poor
peasants and the Congress remained uncertain.(5 Marks)
(ii) Credit at an affordable rate is available through formal
sources.(1 Mark) 20. Indian trade definitely had a significant impact on the
global economy in the late nineteenth century.
(iii) Terms and conditions of credit through formal sources
are regulated by the government.(1 Mark) (i) Britain’s trade surplus with India was used to make up
for other countries where it had trade deficits.
OR
(1 Mark)
Following are the bad effects of informal sources of credit
(ii) The British trade surplus in India also contributed to
(i) The majority of uncontrolled lenders have much
the payment of the so-called “home charges,” which
higher interest rates. As a result, the informal loans
included pensions for British officials in India as well
are much more expensive for the borrower.(1 Mark)
as private remittances made by British traders and
(ii) Higher borrowing costs result in borrowers using a officials.(1 Mark)
larger portion of their income towards loan repayment
(iii) In the nineteenth century, tens of thousands of Chinese
and keeping less for themselves.(1 Mark)
and Indian labourers worked on plantations, in mines,
(iii) A high rate of interest on a loan can mean that the and on international road and rail construction
amount that must be repaid exceeds the borrower’s projects.(1 Mark)
income, which can result in an increase in debt and a
(iv) India also supplied raw materials to the world’s
debt trap. (1 Mark)
emerging industries.(1 Mark)
18. Out of the Syllabus
(v) India became a major market for the final goods,
19. (i) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had organised the dalits into
especially for cotton textile industry of Britain.
the Depressed Classes Association in 1930. The
Depressed Classes Association was in favour of a (1 Mark)
separate electorate for dalits.(1 Mark) OR
(ii) It uplifted the dalits against the dominance of upper As the Swadeshi movement gathered momentum,
caste hindus.(1 Mark) nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth.
Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their
(iii) It gave the depressed classes, reserved seats in
collective interests, pressuring the government to increase
Provincial and Central Legislative Councils in
tariff protection and grant other concessions. From 1906
proportion to their population.(1 Mark)
onwards, the export of Indian yarn to China declined
(iv) The Depressed Classes Association. enhanced the since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded
dignity of marginalised sections of society such as SC, the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began
ST, OBC.(1 Mark) shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton piece goods
(v) Ambedkar accepted Gandhiji’s position and as a production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912. Yet,
result, the Poona Pact was signed.(1 Mark) until the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The
OR war created a dramatically new situation. With British
The term Civil Disodedience meant “Refusal by a large mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the
group of people to obey particular laws or pay taxes, army, Manchester’s imports into India declined. Suddenly,
usually as a form of peaceful political protest”. In the Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war
countryside, rich peasant communities like the Patidars of prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war
Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in the needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather
366 SOCIAL SCIENCE

boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. (iii) The ethnic composition Sri Lanka has a
New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. of Belgium is very diverse population.
Many new workers were employed and everyone was complex.
made to work longer hours. Over the war years, industrial
(iv) Of the total population, The social composition
production boomed.(5 Marks)
59% are living in of population of Sri
OR
Flemish region and Lanka is as
Out of the Syllabus speak Dutch language. Sinhalese speaking - 74%
21. Industries are responsible for the decline of the environment Another 40% people Tamil speaking - 18%
in India in the following ways: live in the Wallonia Christians - 7%
(i) Industries emit smoke and severely pollute the air and region and speak French
water.(1 Mark) and the remaining one
(ii) Air pollution is brought on by unfavourable gases like percent of the Belgians
carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide.(1 Mark) speak German.
(iii) Toxic metals found in industrial water contaminate
OR
the soil and land.(1 Mark)
(iv) Unwanted, loud noise and sound from industries Power sharing has emerged as a strong substitute to the
contribute to pollution and harm living things’ hearing idea of undivided political power, which believed in giving
systems.(1 Mark) power to one person or a group of people located in one
(v) Industrial waste is released into rivers. Both organic place. The core principle of power sharing is that people
and inorganic materials are included in them, including are the source of all political power. (1 Mark)
coal, dyes, soaps, pesticides, fertilizers, plastic, and Common forms of power sharing are:
rubber. These are significant water contaminants.
(1 Mark) (i) Vertical division of power: The sharing of power can
22. In India, roads still have the advantage over railroads be done at different levels of the government - a central
because: government for the entire country and governments at
(i) Road construction costs are significantly lower than provincial or regional level. This type is usually called
those of railroad lines.(1 Mark) federal government.(1 Mark)
(ii) Roads can travel through topography that is more (ii) Horizontal division of power: In this form, the power
fragmented and undulating than other transportation is divided among different organs of the government,
modes.(1 Mark) such as legislature, the executive and the judiciary. It
(iii) Roads can travel through terrain with steeper slopes, places different organs of the government at the same
and can therefore travel through mountains.(1 Mark) level.(1 Mark)
(iv) When compared to railroads, road transport is more
(iii) Power is also shared among different social groups
cost-effective for moving fewer people and relatively
less cargo over shorter distances.(1 Mark) such as religious and linguistic groups eg: community
(v) Because it also offers door-to-door service, the cost of government.(1 Mark)
loading and unloading is significantly reduced. (iv) Various power sharing arrangements can also be
(1 Mark) seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and
23. (5 Marks) movements control or influence those in power.
Belgium Sri Lanka (1 Mark)
(i) Belgium is a European Sri Lanka on the other 24. It allows for the participation of the people in the political
country that shares its hand, is an island process, it is people’s own government, thus it is legitimate.
boundaries with the nation, a South Asian (i) It provides for smooth and legitimate transformation
Netherlands, Luxembourg, country, situated south
from one government to another by means of electoral
and Germany. of India.
competition.(1 Mark)
(ii) It is a very small country It has about 2 crore
in Europe, even smaller people, about the (ii) This way, it ensures that no government is elected for
in area than that of the same as Haryana. As life and hence becomes tyrannical.(1 Mark)
state of Haryana. compared to Belgium, it (iii) It allows for peaceful change in society, by means of
is much bigger in area. elections.(1 Mark)

(iv) Representatives so elected make laws and policies on (v) By doing this, they can also deliver their goods to
behalf of the people.(1 Mark) customers more profitably and efficiently while
Democracy produces a government that is responsive reducing the associated costs.(1 Mark)
through the mechanism of elections. Elections make the 26.
representatives accountable to the people and ensure that
(A) (b) Amritsar
they have to explain their decisions. This ensures the
accountability of the lawmakers towards their constituencies (B) (iii) Noida Software
and they have to take into account the interests of all sections Technology Park
of society. People have the right to choose their rulers and
people will have control over the rulers. This makes the
rulers accountable to the people.(1 Mark)
25. Following are five reasons why multinational corporations
set up their offices and factories in certain areas only:
(i) MNCs locate their businesses in places where they
can find inexpensive labour.(1 Mark) (A) (a) Calcutta
(ii) A large industry or company will need more
(B) (v) (B) (iv) Pradeep Sea Port
labour because it is more productive, so it will be Sardor
advantageous to hire cheap labour.(1 Mark) Sarovar Diam
(B) (ii) Vijaynagar [OS]
(iii) They choose areas with abundant resources so that
they can somewhat reduce the rate of transportation.
(B) (i) Kalpakkam
(1 Mark)
(iv) By selecting a location rich in natural resources, they
can easily establish plants.(1 Mark) (5 Marks)
368 SOCIAL SCIENCE

Outside DELHI

(i) The question paper is divided into four sections. Section - A, B, C and D.
(ii) The question paper has 26 questions in all.
(iii) All questions are compulsory.
(iv) Marks are indicated against each question.
(v) Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are very short answer type questions. Each question carries 1 mark. Answers to these
(vi) Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(vii) Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
(viii) Question number 26 is a map question of 5 marks with two parts - 26 A from History (2 marks) and 26 B from Geography
(3 marks). After completion, attach the map inside your answerbook.
6. Give one example each of modern currency and older

Section-A currency. (1 Mark)
1. Explain the aim to form ‘Zollverein’, a Customs Union, in 7. If you want to purchase an electrical valuable good, what
1834 in Germany. (1 Mark) logo would you like to see to confirm its quality? [OS]
OR
(1 Mark)
Explain the main reason responsible for the eruption of a
major protest in Saigon native girls school in Vietnam in Section-B
1926? [OS]
2. Why was printing of textbooks sponsored by the Imperial 8. Describe the great economic hardship that prevailed in
State in China? (1 Mark) Europe during the 1930s. (3 Marks)
OR OR
Why did Chandu Menon give up the idea of translation of Describe the serious problem faced by the modern part of
‘English Novels’ in Malayalam? [OS] Hanoi in 1903. [OS]
3. How has Shillong solved the problem of acute shortage of
9. How had the printing press created a new culture of
water? (1 Mark)
reading in Europe? Explain with examples. (3 Marks)
OR
OR
How has Tamil Nadu solved the problem of acute shortage
of water? How had Charles Dickens depicted the terrible effects of
4. How did the feeling of alienation develop among the Sri industrialisation on peoples lives and characters? Explain
Lankan Tamils? (1 Mark) with examples. [OS]
5. What may be a developmental goal of farmers who 10. Describe any three main features of ‘Alluvial soil’ found
depend only on rain for growing crops? (1 Mark) in India. (3 Marks)
OR OR
What may be a developmental goal of urban unemployed Describe any three main features of ‘Black soil’ found in
youth? India.
11. ‘‘The dams that were constructed to control floods have 23. ‘‘Democracies do not appear to be very successful in
triggered floods.’’ Analyse the statement. (3 Marks) reducing economic inequalities.’’ Justify the statement.
12. Name any two subjects that are included in Concurrent List. (5 Marks)
How are laws made on these subjects? Explain. (3 Marks) OR
OR ‘‘Democracy is a better form of government than any
How is sharing of power between the Union and the State other form of government.’’ Justify the statement.
Governments basic to the structure of the Constitution of 24. What is a political party? Explain any four characteristics
India? Explain. of a political party. (5 Marks)
13. ‘‘Every social difference does not lead to social division.’’ 25. Compare the economic activities of the private sector with
Justify the statement. [OS] (3 Marks) that of the public sector. (5 Marks)
14. How can caste take several forms in politics? Explain
with examples. (3 Marks) Section-D
15. ‘‘Crude oil reserves are limited all over the world. If 26. (A) Two features ‘a’ and ‘b’ are marked on the given
people continue to extract it at the present rate, the political outline map of India. Identify these features
reserves would last only 35 - 40 years more.’’ Explain any with the help of the following information and write
three ways to solve this problem. (3 Marks) their correct names on the lines marked near them:
16. Why is it necessary to increase a large number of banks (2 Marks)
mainly in rural areas? Explain. (3 Marks)
(a) The place where the Indian National Congress
OR Session was held.
Why are service conditions of formal sector loans better (b) The place where Gandhiji violated the salt law.
than informal sector? Explain.
(B)
Locate and label any three of the following with
17. How can the Government of India play a major role to
appropriate symbols on the same given outline
make globalisation more fair? Explain with examples.
political map of India: (3 Marks)
(3 Marks)
(i) Bokaro - Iron and Steel Plant [OS]
OR
(ii) Gandhinagar - Software Technology Park
How has globalisation affected the life of Indians? Explain
(iii) Tarapur - Nuclear Power Plant
with examples.
18. How are consumers enjoying the ‘right to be informed’ in (iv) Salal - Dam
their daily life? Explain with examples. [OS] (3 Marks) (v) Tuticorin - Sea Port
Section-C
19. How had the ‘First World War’ created economic problems
in India? Explain with examples. (5 Marks)
OR
How had a variety of cultural processes developed a
sense of collective belongingness in India during the 19th
century? Explain with examples.
20. Describe the role of ‘technology’ in transformation of the
world in the nineteenth century. (5 Marks)
OR
Describe the life of workers during the nineteenth century
in England. (b)
OR
Describe various steps taken to clean up London in the
nineteenth century. [OS] (a)
21. Name the two major beverage crops grown in India.
Describe their growing areas. (5 Marks)
22. How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced?
Explain various ways. (5 Marks)
370 SOCIAL SCIENCE

EXPLANATIONS
1. The aim to form ‘Zollverein’, a Customs Union, in 1834 (iii) The industrial sector suffered from a decline in
in Germany was to promote economic unity and remove production and demand. (1 Mark)
trade barriers between the various German states.(1 Mark) OR
OR Out of the Syllabus
Out of the Syllabus 9. The printing press created a new culture of reading in
2. The printing of textbooks was sponsored by the Imperial Europe by:
State in China to promote education and literacy (i) Making books more affordable, leading to the growth
among the population, as well as to spread the ideas of of literacy. (1 Mark)
Confucianism and loyalty to the emperor. (1 Mark) (ii) Encouraging the spread of new ideas and the growth
of knowledge. (1 Mark)
OR
(iii) Facilitating the dissemination of information, leading
Out of the Syllabus to the growth of journalism. (1 Mark)
3. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is the most common OR
practice in Shillong. This helped Shillong meet its total Out of the Syllabus
requirement of each household. (1 Mark) 10. The three main features of Alluvial soil found in India are:
OR (i) It is rich in humus and minerals, making it fertile.
Tamil Nadu has solved the problem of acute shortage of (1 Mark)
water by adopting rooftop water harvesting techniques. (ii) It is found in the Indo-Gangetic Plains and the river
This practice was made mandatory under the law for all valleys. (1 Mark)
houses across the state. (1 Mark) (iii) It is deposited by rivers during floods. (1 Mark)
4. The feeling of alienation developed among the Sri OR
Lankan Tamils due to the discriminatory policies of the The three main features of Black soil found in India are:
government, which favored the Sinhalese majority at (i) Black soil has a fine texture and is predominantly
their expense. They were denied equal opportunities clayey. It is useful for cotton farming. (1 Mark)
in education and employment, and their cultural and (ii) Because it is made of lava rocks that have weathered,
linguistic rights were suppressed. (1 Mark) it is dark in color. (1 Mark)
5. The developmental goal of farmers who depend only on (iii) It has a high clay content and is hence very
rain for growing crops may be to improve their water water-retentive. In the majority of the locations where
management practices, such as rainwater harvesting and it is found, it is incredibly fertile. (1 Mark)
efficient irrigation techniques, in order to increase their 11. (i) The statement highlights the unintended consequences
crop yields and improve their livelihoods. (1 Mark) of dam construction. Dams are constructed to control
OR floods by regulating water flow and storing excess
The developmental goal of urban unemployed youth water during heavy rainfall or snowmelt. (1 Mark)
may be to acquire new skills and education, and to find (ii) However, upstream dams may release large volumes
meaningful employment opportunities that can provide of water rapidly during extreme weather events,
them with a stable income and a sense of purpose. leading to downstream flooding. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) (iii) Sedimentation in dam reservoirs reduces their flood
control capacity over time, increasing the risk of
6. An example of modern currency is the Euro, which is used
floods downstream. (1 Mark)
by the most European countries. An example of an older
12. The two subjects that are included in the Concurrent List are
currency is the Roman denarius, which was used during
education and forests. Laws on these subjects can be made
the Roman Empire. (1 Mark)
by both the Union and the State Governments. (1 Mark)
The process of making laws involves the following steps:
8. During the 1930s, Europe faced great economic hardship (i) Both the Union and State Governments can introduce
due to the following reasons: a bill in their respective legislatures. If the bill is
(i) The Great Depression caused widespread passed by both houses, it goes to the President for
unemployment and poverty. (1 Mark) assent. (1 Mark)
(ii) The agricultural sector was hit hard due to a decrease (ii) Once the bill is passed, it becomes a law and is applicable
in prices. (1 Mark) to both the Union and the State Government.(1 Mark)

OR (ii) Encouraging Energy Efficiency: Improving energy
(i) The sharing of power between the Union and the efficiency in industries, transportation, and households
State Governments is basic to the structure of the can reduce the overall demand for crude oil. Adopting
Constitution of India because it helps to ensure a energy-efficient technologies and practices, such as
balance between national unity and regional diversity. LED lighting, hybrid vehicles, and energy-efficient
(1 Mark) appliances, can help conserve energy resources.(1 Mark)
(ii) The Constitution divides the powers between the (iii) Research and Development: Investing in research
Union and the State Governments through three and development of alternative fuels and advanced
lists- Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. technologies is crucial. Developments in biofuels,
This system of division of powers ensures that both hydrogen fuel cells, and electric vehicles can reduce
the Union and the State Governments have their own reliance on crude oil and pave the way for more
areas of jurisdiction and can exercise their powers sustainable energy solutions. (1 Mark)
without interference from each other. (1 Mark) By adopting these strategies, we can mitigate the impact of
(iii) This helps to promote decentralization, democracy, limited crude oil reserves, transition towards cleaner and
and federalism in the country. (1 Mark) renewable energy sources, and ensure a more sustainable
13. Out of the Syllabus and secure energy future.
14. Caste can take several forms in politics, influencing 16. It is necessary to increase a large number of banks mainly
the political landscape in various ways. Here are some in rural areas because:
examples: (Any three) (i) Many people in rural areas lack access to banking
(i) Caste-Based Political Parties: In India, some services. (1 Mark)
political parties primarily represent specific castes (ii) This can lead to their financial exclusion and limit
or communities. They aim to secure the support of their access to credit. (1 Mark)
their caste members and promote their interests. For (iii) Access to formal banking can help reduce exploitation
instance, parties like the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) of moneylenders and debt traps by providing
in Uttar Pradesh and the Shiv Sena in Maharashtra affordable credit options. (1 Mark)
have strong caste-based support. (1 Mark) OR
(ii) Caste-Based Vote Banks: Political parties often The service conditions of formal sector loans are better
target specific castes as their vote banks. They than those of informal sector loans because:
make promises and adopt policies that cater to the
(i) Formal sector loans are regulated and supervised by
interests of these castes to gain their electoral support.
the government and financial institutions. (1 Mark)
This strategy is prevalent in regions with significant
caste-based voter concentration. (1 Mark) (ii) Formal sector loans are subject to certain standards and
guidelines, such as interest rates, repayment schedules,
(iii) Caste Mobilization and Identity Politics: Caste-based
and eligibility criteria, which are designed to protect
mobilization involves leaders and parties appealing to
the interests of borrowers and lenders. (1 Mark)
caste identities to gain political mileage. They may use
historical injustices, social inequalities, or grievances (iii) In contrast, informal sector loans are often unregulated
to mobilize support from specific castes. (1 Mark) and informal, and may involve higher interest rates,
(iv) Caste in Candidate Selection: Caste considerations shorter repayment periods, and less transparency.
This makes informal sector loans riskier and more
often influence candidate selection in elections.
expensive for borrowers. (1 Mark)
Parties may field candidates from certain castes in
areas where their caste holds significant influence to 17. The Government of India can play a major role in making
maximize electoral success. (1 Mark) globalization more fair by:
15. The limited crude oil reserves worldwide pose a significant (i) Ensuring that the benefits of globalization are
challenge for the energy needs of the future. To address distributed equitably. (1 Mark)
this problem, some possible ways are: (ii) Regulating the flow of foreign investment and trade
(i) Promoting Renewable Energy Sources: The to protect domestic industries. (1 Mark)
government and industries must invest in and promote (iii) Promoting the development of infrastructure and
renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and human capital to attract foreign investment. (1 Mark)
geothermal power. These sources are sustainable, OR
abundant, and do not deplete over time, providing an Globalisation has affected the life of Indians in various
eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. (1 Mark) ways, both positive and negative.
372 SOCIAL SCIENCE

On the positive side, globalisation has opened up new (iv) Promoting the idea of a shared struggle against British
opportunities for trade, investment, and technology colonialism, as seen in the Indian National Congress.
transfer, and helped India become a major player in the (1 Mark)
global economy. It has also led to the growth of new (v) Promoting the idea of religious unity, as seen in the
industries, such as IT, BPOs, and e-commerce, which Arya Samaj and the Aligarh Movement. (1 Mark)
have created jobs and increased productivity. (1½ Marks)
20. Technology played a crucial role in the transformation of
On the negative side, globalisation has also led to
the world in the nineteenth century in the following ways:
increased inequality, social dislocation, and environmental
degradation, as well as vulnerability to external shocks (i) The development of new machines and tools led to
and crises. For example, the liberalization of the Indian the growth of industries. For example, the spinning
economy in the 1990s led to a surge in foreign investment jenny and the power loom revolutionized the textile
and trade, but also to job losses, wage stagnation, and industry. (1 Mark)
environmental degradation in some sectors. Overall, the (ii) The development of new forms of transportation, such
impact of globalisation on the life of Indians depends as the steam engine and the railway, facilitated trade
on a range of factors, such as the policy framework, and commerce. This led to the growth of markets and
the institutional capacity, and the social and ecological increased economic activity. (1 Mark)
context. (1½ Marks) (iii) The development of new forms of communication,
18. Out of the Syllabus such as the telegraph and the telephone, facilitated
19. The First World War created economic problems in India the exchange of ideas and information. This helped to
in the following ways: create a more interconnected world. (1 Mark)
(i) The war disrupted trade and commerce, leading to a (iv) The development of new sources of energy, such as
decline in exports. This affected the jute and cotton coal and oil, led to the growth of industrial production
industries. (1 Mark) and increased mobility. (1 Mark)
(ii) The war effort led to a rise in prices and inflation, (v) Refrigerated ships made transportation of perishable
making goods more expensive. This led to a famine in
products, like meat, over long distance easy. (1 Mark)
Bengal in 1918. (1 Mark)
OR
(iii) The war resulted in a drain of Indian resources for
the British war effort, leading to a decline in Indian The life of workers during the nineteenth century were as
industries. For example, Indian soldiers were sent to follows: (Any five)
fight in other countries. (1 Mark) (i) The life of workers during the 19th century in England
(iv) The war led to an increase in taxes and forced was marked by harsh working conditions, low wages,
recruitment, which further burdened the Indian and long working hours. (1 Mark)
economy. (1 Mark) (ii) Most workers were employed in factories, mines, and
(v) The war also led to a decline in agricultural production, mills, and they had to work for up to 16 hours a day, 6
as many farmers were recruited for the war effort. days a week. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) (iii) The working conditions were dangerous and
OR hazardous, and workers often had to work in cramped
A variety of cultural processes developed a sense of spaces and poorly ventilated areas. (1 Mark)
collective belongingness in India during the 19th century (iv) They were also exposed to toxic chemicals and
by: dangerous machinery, which led to a high rate of
(i) Promoting the use of vernacular languages and accidents and injuries. (1 Mark)
literature. This helped to create a sense of shared (v) The wages were low, and workers had to work hard to
identity among people who spoke the same language. make ends meet. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark)
(vi) They lived in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions,
(ii) Reviving traditional art forms and promoting cultural
often in slums and tenements, with no access to clean
festivals. This helped to create a sense of shared
water or sanitation facilities. (1 Mark)
culture and heritage. (1 Mark)
(iii) Promoting the idea of a shared cultural heritage and (vii) The workers had no job security and were often laid
national identity. This was done by reformers such as off or replaced by machines. (1 Mark)
Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Swami Vivekananda. OR
(1 Mark) Out of the Syllabus

21. The two major beverage crops grown in India are tea and 23. The statement ‘Democracies do not appear to be very
coffee. (1 Mark) successful in reducing economic inequalities’ is justified
The growing areas of these crops are: because:
(i) Tea: (i) Economic inequalities are deeply rooted in the
(a) Tea is grown in the northeastern region of India, structure of society and cannot be eliminated through
mainly in the states of Assam, West Bengal, and political means alone. (1 Mark)
Tripura. These regions have a tropical climate with (ii) The policies of democratically elected governments
high rainfall and fertile soil. The Brahmaputra are often influenced by powerful economic interests.
and Barak river valleys in Assam are the largest For example, wealthy individuals and corporations
tea-growing regions in India, accounting for about can use their resources to lobby politicians and
55% of the country’s tea production. (1 Mark) influence policy decisions. (1 Mark)
(b) The Darjeeling district in West Bengal is known (iii) The success of democracies in reducing economic
for the production of high-quality tea, which is inequality depends on a range of factors, such as the
grown on the slopes of the Himalayas. (1 Mark) level of economic development and the political will
of the government. In many cases, democracies have
(ii) Coffee:
failed to address economic inequality adequately.
(a) Coffee is mainly grown in the southern states
(1 Mark)
of India, such as Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil
Nadu. The hilly regions of the Western Ghats are (iv) However, it should be noted that democracies can
the major coffee-growing areas in India. These still play a role in reducing economic inequality by
regions have a moderate climate with well-drained implementing policies such as progressive taxation,
area. (1 Mark) social welfare programs, and labor laws. (1 Mark)
(b) The Coorg district in Karnataka is the largest (v) Thus, while democracies may not be very successful
coffee-growing region in India, accounting for in reducing economic inequalities, they can still play
about 40% of the country’s coffee production. an important role in mitigating their effects. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) OR
22. Industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced in the The statement ‘Democracy is a better form of government
following ways: (Any five) than any other form of government’ can be justified
because:
(i) Developing and implementing pollution control
(i) Democracy allows for the participation of all citizens
measures and technologies. For example, factories
in the decision-making process. This ensures that
can install wastewater treatment plants to remove
policies are more representative of the people’s
pollutants from their wastewater. (1 Mark)
interests. (1 Mark)
(ii) Promoting the use of cleaner production processes and
(ii) Democracy provides for the protection of individual
materials. For example, factories can switch to using
rights and freedoms. This is because democratic
non-toxic chemicals in their production processes.
governments are accountable to the people and must
(1 Mark) respect their rights. (1 Mark)
(iii) Regulating and monitoring the discharge of pollutants (iii) Democracy allows for peaceful and non-violent
into water bodies. Governments can enforce strict transfer of power. This is because democratic
regulations on the discharge of pollutants into rivers governments are elected by the people, and there
and lakes and monitor compliance. (1 Mark) is a set procedure for transferring power from one
(iv) Promoting public awareness and education about the government to another. (1 Mark)
importance of freshwater resources and the need to (iv) Democracy promotes transparency and accountability
conserve them. (1 Mark) in governance. This is because democratic
(v) Industries can use green technologies that are less governments are subject to scrutiny by the media and
polluting and use less water. For example, industries the public, and must answer to them. (1 Mark)
can use renewable energy sources like solar or wind (v) However, while democracy is generally considered
power. (1 Mark) to be a better form of government, it is not without
(vi) Industries can recycle the water used in their its flaws. For example, it can be slow and inefficient,
processes, which can reduce the amount of fresh and often leads to the formation of unstable coalition
water needed. (1 Mark) governments. (1 Mark)
374 SOCIAL SCIENCE

24. A political party is a group of people who come together (iii) The private sector is subject to market forces and
to contest elections and hold power in the government. competition, while the public sector is subject to
(1 Mark) government regulations and controls. Private
There are four characteristics of political parties, which are: companies must compete with each other to survive,
(i) Organizational structure: Political parties have a while public sector enterprises must adhere to
hierarchical organizational structure, with leaders at government regulations and policies. (1 Mark)
the top and workers at the bottom. They also have (iv) The private sector is often more dynamic and flexible
rules for membership and leadership. (1 Mark) than the public sector, but the public sector is often
(ii) Ideology: Political parties have a set of beliefs and more stable and predictable. Private companies are
values that guide their policies and actions. These able to adapt to changing market conditions more
beliefs and values are based on their ideology, quickly, while public sector enterprises are able to
which can be left-wing, right-wing, centrist, or a provide stable employment and benefits to their
combination of these. (1 Mark) employees. (1 Mark)
(iii) Political programs: Political parties have a (v) However, it should be noted that the private sector and
political program or manifesto that outlines their the public sector are not mutually exclusive, and that
policy positions on various issues such as economy, there are many instances where they work together to
education, healthcare, etc. This program is used to achieve common goals. (1 Mark)
attract voters and differentiate themselves from other
26.
parties. (1 Mark) (B) (iv) Salal
(iv) Participation in elections: Political parties
participate in elections to win seats in the government.
They field candidates for various positions and try to (B) (ii) Gandhinagar
convince voters to support them. They also use various
campaign tactics such as rallies, advertisements, and
social media to reach out to voters. (1 Mark)
25. The economic activities of the private sector and the
public sector can be compared in the following ways:
(i) The private sector is driven by profit motives, while
the public sector is driven by social objectives.
Private companies seek to maximize profits for their
(B) (i) Bokaro [OS]
shareholders, while public sector enterprises seek to (A) (b)
provide essential services to the public. (1 Mark) Dandi (B) (iii) Tarapur
(ii) The private sector is often more efficient and
innovative than the public sector, but the public sector
provides essential services that the private sector (A) (a) Chennai
(Madras)
cannot or will not provide. Private companies are often
more agile and able to respond quickly to changes in (B) (v) Tuticorin
the market, while public sector enterprises are better
equipped to provide public goods and services such as
healthcare, education, and infrastructure. (1 Mark) (5 Marks)

DELHI/Outside DELHI

(i) The question paper has 26 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Marks are indicated against each question.
(iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are Very Short Answer type Questions. Each question carries one mark.
(iv) Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(v) Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
(vi) Question number 26 is a map question. It has two parts 26(A) and 26(B). 26(A) of 2 marks from History and 26(B) of
3 marks from Geography. After completion attach the map inside your answer book.
(vii) There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in some questions. You have to attempt only one
of the alternatives in all such-questions.
1. ‘A challenge is not just any problem but an opportunity for 8. Explain the three factors that are crucial in deciding the
progress.’ Analyse the statement. [OS] (1 Mark) outcome of politics of social divisions. [OS] (3 Marks)
2. Classify resources on the basis of origin. (1 Mark) 9. Describe any three provisions of amendment made in
3. Why did the Roman Catholic Church impose control over ‘Indian Constitution’ in 1992 for making ‘Three-Tier’
publishers and booksellers? (1 Mark) government more effective and powerful.(3 Marks)
OR 10. “Secularism is not an ideology of some political parties or
Why do novels use vernacular? [OS] persons, but it is one of the foundations of our country.”
4. Why were big European powers met in Berlin in 1885? Examine the statement.(3 Marks)
(1 Mark) 11. How is the issue of sustainability important for
OR development? Explain with examples.(3 Marks)
Why were merchants from towns in Europe began to move 12. Why is cheap and affordable credit important for the
countryside in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? country’s development? Explain any three reasons.
OR 13. Distinguish the service conditions of organized sector with
Why did Charles Booth, a Liverpool ship owner conduct that of unorganized sector.(3 Marks)
the first social survey of low skilled workers in the 14. How can consumer awareness be spread among consumers
East End of London in 1887? [OS] to avoid exploitation in the market place? Explain any
5. When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, in three ways. [OS] (3 Marks)
which category of economic sector such activities come? 15. “Dense and efficient network of transport is a pre-requisite
(1 Mark) for local and national development.” Analyse the statement.
6. Give any two examples of informal sector of credit. (3 Marks)
(1 Mark)
16. How has the ever increasing number of industries in India
7. State any two goals of development other than income. made worse position by exerting pressure on existing fresh
(1 Mark) water resources? Explain. (3 Marks)
17. “The ‘Print Revolution’ had transformed the lives of 25. “The Government of India has introduced various
people changing their relationship to information and institutional and technological reforms to improve
knowledge.” Analyse the statement. (3 Marks) agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s.” Support this statement
OR with examples. (5 Marks)
Distinguish between the themes of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ OR
and ‘Jane Eyre’ novels written by Jane Austen and
Compare ‘intensive subsistence farming’ with that of
Charlotte Bronte respectively. [OS]
‘commercial farming’ practiced in India.
18. Describe the impact of ‘Rinderpest’ on people’s livelihoods
and local economy in Africa in the 1890s.(3 Marks) 26. (A) Two features a and b are marked on the given political
OR outline map of India. Identify these features with
Describe any three major problems faced by Indian cotton the help of the following information and write their
weavers in nineteenth century. correct names on the lines marked near them:
OR (a) The place where the Indian National Congress
Describe any three steps taken to clean up London during Session was held.
nineteenth century. (b) The place where Gandhiji organized Satyagraha’
19. “Democracy stands much superior to any other form of in favour of cotton mill workers.
government in promoting dignity and freedom of the
(B) Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols
individual.” Justify this statement. (5 Marks)
on the same given outline political map of India.
OR
“Democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among (i) Raja Sansi - International Airport
citizens.” Justify this statement. (ii) Bhadravati - Iron and Steel Plant
20 How has foreign trade been integrating markets of different (iii) Software Technology Park of West Bengal
countries? Explain with examples. (5 Marks) (5 Marks)
OR
How do we feel the impact of globalization on our daily
life? Explain with examples.
21. Describe any five major functions of political parties
performed in a democracy. (5 Marks)
22. Describe the explosive conditions prevailed in Balkans
after 1871 in Europe. (5 Marks)
OR
Describe the role of different religious groups in the
development of anti-colonial feelings in Vietnam. [OS]
23. Why is the economic strength of a country measured by
the development of manufacturing industries? Explain
with examples. (5 Marks)
24. How did Non-Cooperation movement start with
participation of middle class people in the cities? Explain (b)
its impact on the economic front. (5 Marks)
OR (a)
Why was Congress reluctant to allow women to hold any
position of authority within the organisation? How did
women participate in Civil Disobedience Movement?
Explain.
CBSE 2018 (DELHI/Outside DELHI) 377

EXPLANATIONS
1. Out of the Syllabus (ii) Seats reserved for women, Scheduled Caste, Scheduled
2. Resources can be classified based on their origin into two Tribes and Other Backward Classes. (1 Mark)
categories: (iii) The state governments are required to share some
(i) Biotic resources: These resources are derived from powers and revenue with local government bodies.
living organisms, such as forests, animals, fish, and (1 Mark)
humans. (½ Mark) 10. The statement that “Secularism is not an ideology of some
(ii) Abiotic resources: These resources are non-living, political parties or persons, but it is one of the foundations
such as minerals, rocks, and air. (½ Mark) of our country” is true because:
3. The Roman Catholic Church imposed control over (i) Secularism is enshrined in the Indian Constitution as a
publishers and booksellers because printed religious fundamental right. (1 Mark)
literature started writing about God and his creation in (ii) It means that the State does not endorse or promote
different ways. They were afraid of the impact of books on any particular religion, and that citizens are free to
people’s mind. (1 Mark) practice their own religion or belief system without
OR any fear. (1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus (iii) Secularism is not just a political or legal principle, but
4. The European powers met in Berlin in 1885 to divide and a social and cultural one as well. It reflects the diversity
colonize Africa. (1 Mark) and pluralism of Indian society, and is essential for
maintaining social harmony and unity. (1 Mark)
OR
11. The issue of sustainability is important for development
Merchants from towns in Europe began to move to the
because:
countryside in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
to take advantage of the growing demand for agricultural (i) It ensures that resources are used in a way that
products from urban areas. (1 Mark) meets the needs of the present generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to
OR
meet their own needs. (1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus
(ii) Sustainable development takes into account the
5. When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, economic, social, and environmental dimensions of
such activities fall under the Primary sector of the development, ensuring that all three are balanced.
economy. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark)
6. (i) Moneylenders: Moneylenders are individuals or
(iii) For example, sustainable agriculture practices such as
small groups who provide loans to borrowers in the
organic farming reduce the use of harmful chemicals
informal sector. (½ Mark)
and protect the soil, while also promoting the economic
(ii) Self-help groups (SHGs): Self-help groups are well-being of farmers and providing healthy food for
small, informal associations of individuals, usually consumers. (1 Mark)
from similar socio-economic backgrounds, who come 12. Due to the following reasons, accessible credit is essential
together to save money and provide mutual financial for the nation’s development:
assistance. (½ Mark)
(i) Increased lending would increase earnings and entice
7. (i) Improved Education: One of the goals of more people to start small businesses, invest in
development, other than income, is to achieve agriculture, and operate small enterprises. (1 Mark)
improved education for all. (½ Mark)
(ii) Cheap credit indicates that the borrower will have
(ii) Enhanced Health and Well-being: Another goal of more money available to invest rather than pay back
development is to achieve enhanced health and well- as interest. The result is an increase in economic
being for all individuals. (½ Mark) activity. (1 Mark)
8. Out of the Syllabus (iii) Additionally, accessible credit would free up
9. Amendment in Indian Constitution in 1992, For making underprivileged groups from the exploitation of
‘Three-Tier’ government most effective and powerful unregulated moneylenders and enable them to
were: participate in the legal lending market. As a result, it
(i) It is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular might help the poor and landless with their economic
elections to local government bodies. (1 Mark) situation. (1 Mark)
378 SOCIAL SCIENCE

13. The service conditions of the organized sector are different (iii) For example, the textile industry in Tirupur, Tamil
from those of the unorganized sector because: Nadu has caused severe pollution and depletion of
groundwater resources, leading to conflicts between
Basis Organised sector Unorganised sector
industry, agriculture, and domestic users. (1 Mark)
Type of Workers are Workers are
17. The ‘Print Revolution’ transformed the lives of people by
Employment engaged in formal engaged in informal
changing their relationship to information and knowledge
employment and irregular
because:
arrangements. employment
They work in arrangements. They (i) The invention of printing in the fifteenth century
the enterprises work in small scale made it possible to produce books and other printed
registered with the enterprises that materials in large quantities, making knowledge more
government and are often informal accessible to the masses. (1 Mark)
follow labour laws and do not follow (ii) This led to the spread of literacy and education, as
and regulations. labour laws. people could now access information and knowledge
Job Security Workers generally Workers face without having to rely on oral tradition or handwritten
enjoy better job job insecurity as manuscripts. (1 Mark)
security as their they lack formal (iii) The availability of printed materials also facilitated
employment employment the development of science, philosophy, and other
is governed by contracts and fields of knowledge, leading to advances in human
formal contracts labour protections. understanding and progress. (1 Mark)
and labor laws. OR
Working Hours These are often Working hours are Out of the Syllabus
fixed working often irregular and
18. Rinderpest had a significant impact on people’s livelihoods
hours and overtime may vary depending
and the local economy in Africa in the 1890s because:
is compensated as on the availability
per legal norms. of work. (i) Rinderpest is a highly contagious viral disease that
affects cattle, buffalo, and other ruminants. It caused
(3 Marks) massive mortality among livestock in Africa, leading
14. Out of the Syllabus to a decline in meat and milk production. (1 Mark)
15. A dense and efficient network of transport is a pre-requisite (ii) This had a devastating impact on the livelihoods of
for local and national development because: pastoralist communities, who rely on livestock for
(i) It facilitates the movement of goods and services, their food, income, and social status. (1 Mark)
enabling businesses to access larger markets and (iii) The decline in livestock production also had
consumers to access a wider range of products. wider economic consequences, as it affected trade,
(1 Mark) transportation, and other sectors of the economy.
(ii) Efficient transport systems reduce transaction costs (1 Mark)
and increase productivity, leading to economic growth OR
and development. (1 Mark)
In the nineteenth century, Indian cotton weavers
(iii) For example, the development of the Golden
encountered three significant challenges.
Quadrilateral highway network in India has led to
increased trade and economic growth, particularly in (i) They faced tough competition from the British textile
the agriculture and manufacturing sectors. (1 Mark) industry, which produced cheap machine-made
16. The ever-increasing number of industries in India has textiles. (1 Mark)
worsened the position by exerting pressure on existing (ii) They lost traditional markets and patronage due to the
freshwater resources because: collapse of the indigenous market system. (1 Mark)
(i) Industries require large quantities of water for their (iii) The British colonial government imposed high taxes
operations, leading to over-extraction of groundwater and restrictive policies, increasing the cost of production
and depletion of surface water resources. (1 Mark) and hindering access to raw materials. These issues
(ii) This has led to water scarcity and competition for water led to a decline in income, market control, and overall
resources among different user groups, particularly in hardships for Indian cotton weavers. (1 Mark)
regions where water resources are already limited. OR
(1 Mark) Out of the Syllabus

19. Democracy is a form of government that stands much and consumers across different countries. For
superior to any other form of government in promoting example, a car manufacturer in Japan might source
the dignity and freedom of the individual. This is because: its parts from suppliers in South Korea, China, and
(i) In a democracy, the power lies with the people, and Germany, and sell its cars to consumers in the United
the government is accountable to them. (1 Mark) States and Europe. (1 Mark)
(ii) Democracy guarantees fundamental rights and (ii) Foreign trade has also led to the development of
freedoms to all citizens. It provides equal opportunities multinational corporations, which operate across
to all individuals to participate in the decision-making different countries and regions. For example, Coca-
process. (1 Mark) Cola is a multinational corporation that operates in
(iii) Democracy promotes transparency and accountability over 200 countries and territories around the world.
in governance and ensures that everyone is equal (1 Mark)
before the law. (1 Mark) (iii) Foreign trade has also led to the development of
(iv) Furthermore, democracy allows for the peaceful international financial markets, which facilitate the
transfer of power through free and fair elections. flow of capital across different countries. For example,
(1 Mark) the New York Stock Exchange is an international
financial market where investors from around the
(v) Democracy promotes freedom of expression, which
world can buy and sell stocks in American companies.
allows individuals to voice their opinions and
(1 Mark)
grievances without fear of persecution. (1 Mark)
(iv) Foreign trade has also led to the development of
OR
regional economic blocks, such as the European
Democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among Union, which integrate the markets of different
citizens because they provide a platform for the peaceful countries through the elimination of trade barriers and
resolution of conflicts, promote freedom of expression, the development of common policies. (1 Mark)
social equality and inclusiveness, and the rule of law.
(v) The integration of markets through foreign trade
(1 Mark) has led to increased competition, innovation, and
(i) Peaceful resolution of conflicts: Democracies lead to specialization, which can benefit consumers by
peaceful and harmonious life among citizens because offering them a wider range of goods and services at
they provide a platform for the peaceful resolution lower prices. (1 Mark)
of conflicts. In a democracy, the government is OR
accountable to the people, and the power lies with
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness
them. This accountability ensures that the government
and interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures,
is responsive to the needs and grievances of the
and societies. The impact of globalization can be felt in
citizens. (1 Mark)
many aspects of our daily lives.
(ii) Promote freedom of expression: Democracy
(i) In terms of culture, globalization has led to the
promotes freedom of expression, which allows
spread of popular culture and the homogenization of
individuals to voice their opinions and grievances
cultural practices. For example, American movies and
without fear of persecution. This freedom of expression
music are popular around the world, and many people
reduces social tensions and conflicts. (1 Mark)
in different countries consume the same types of fast
(iii) Social equality and inclusiveness: Democracy food and soft drinks. (1 Mark)
promotes social equality and inclusiveness, which
(ii) In terms of communication, globalization has led
reduces social tensions and conflicts. (1 Mark)
to the development of new technologies that allow
(iv) The rule of law: Furthermore, democracy promotes us to communicate and interact with people from
the rule of law, which ensures that everyone is different countries in real-time. For example, social
equal before the law. This ensures that there is no media platforms like Facebook and Twitter allow us to
discrimination or favoritism, and everyone is protected connect with people from around the world and share
under the law. (1 Mark) information and ideas. (1 Mark)
20. Foreign trade refers to the exchange of goods and services (iii) In terms of the economy, globalization has led to the
between different countries. Over the years, foreign trade development of international trade and investment, which
has played a significant role in integrating markets of has created jobs and economic growth in many countries.
different countries. For example, many companies have outsourced their
(i) Foreign trade has led to the development of production to countries with lower labor costs, which
international supply chains, which connect producers has created jobs in those countries. (1 Mark)
380 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(iv) In terms of the environment, globalization has led (ii) The Ottoman Empire, which had controlled much of
to the increasing awareness of global environmental the Balkans for centuries, was in decline and losing its
issues, such as climate change and biodiversity loss. grip on the region. This created a power vacuum that
For example, the Paris Agreement on climate change other countries, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary,
is a global agreement that aims to reduce greenhouse were eager to fill. (1 Mark)
gas emissions and limit global warming. (1 Mark) (iii) Nationalist movements emerged in many countries in
(v) In terms of politics, globalization has led to the the region, which sought to create independent states
increasing importance of international organizations based on ethnic or religious lines. For example, the
and global governance. For example, the United Serbs wanted to create a “Greater Serbia,” while the
Nations is a global organization that aims to promote Albanians wanted to create an independent Albania.
peace, security, and development around the world. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) (iv) The conflicting interests of different countries and
nationalist movements led to a series of wars and
21. Political parties are an essential aspect of any democracy.
conflicts in the region, including the Balkan Wars of
They perform various functions that are critical for the
1912-1913 and World War I. These conflicts had a
functioning of democratic systems. Here are five major
profound impact on the region and contributed to the
functions of political parties in a democracy:
destabilization of Europe as a whole. (1 Mark)
(i) Representation: Political parties represent the
(v) The explosive conditions in the Balkans ultimately led
interests of different groups of people in a democracy.
to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
They articulate the needs and concerns of their
Austria-Hungary in 1914, which triggered the start of
supporters and work to ensure that their voices are
World War I. (1 Mark)
heard in the political process. (1 Mark)
OR
(ii) Political education: Political parties educate people
Out of the Syllabus
about the political process, political issues, and the
policies of different parties. They help people make 23. Here are some reasons why manufacturing industries are
informed decisions about who to vote for and what important indicators of economic strength:
policies to support. (1 Mark) (i) Manufacturing industries create jobs:
(iii) Agenda-setting: Political parties set the political Manufacturing industries are labor-intensive and
agenda by highlighting issues that are important to require a skilled workforce. They create jobs for people
their supporters and proposing policies to address with a range of skills, from assembly line workers to
them. They help to shape public opinion and influence engineers. For example, the automobile industry in
the political debate. (1 Mark) Germany employs over 800,000 people. (1 Mark)
(iv) Mobilization: Political parties mobilize their (ii) Manufacturing industries generate wealth:
supporters to participate in the political process, Manufacturing industries produce goods that are
including voting, attending rallies, and contributing to sold domestically and internationally. The revenue
campaigns. They help to increase voter turnout and generated from these sales contributes to the country’s
engagement in the political process. (1 Mark) gross domestic product (GDP) and helps to create
wealth for the country. For example, the United States
(v) Government formation: Political parties play a is the world’s largest manufacturer and generates over
critical role in government formation in a democracy. $2 trillion in manufacturing output each year.
They compete in elections to win seats in the
(1 Mark)
legislature, and the party or coalition of parties that
can command a majority forms the government. (iii) Manufacturing industries promote innovation:
Manufacturing industries require innovation to remain
(1 Mark)
competitive. They invest in research and development
22. After 1871, the Balkans region in Europe became a hotbed to create new products and improve existing ones.
of political instability and conflict because: (1 Mark) This investment in innovation can also lead to spin-
(i) The region was made up of many different ethnic and off technologies and new industries. For example, the
religious groups, which often had competing interests. development of the automobile industry in the early
For example, the Serbs, Croats, and Bosniaks were all 20th century led to the creation of new industries, such
competing for control of the region. (1 Mark) as the oil and gas industry. (1 Mark)

(iv) Manufacturing industries contribute to exports: (iv) Women’s also participated in the congress’s call to
Manufacturing industries produce goods that are boycott foreign goods. They stopped buying British-
sold domestically and internationally. The goods that made cloth and started spinning their own cloth as
are sold internationally are called exports. Exports part of Swadeshi movement. (1 Mark)
contribute to a country’s balance of trade and can (v) They also formed their own organizations such as
help to create a surplus. For example, China is the the All India Women’s Conference and the Women’s
world’s largest exporter of goods and generates over Indian Association to work for their rights and to
$2.5 trillion in exports each year. (1 Mark) participate in the national movement. (1 Mark)
(v) Manufacturing industries support other
25. The Government of India introduced various institutional
industries: Manufacturing industries require inputs
and technological reforms to improve agriculture in the
from other industries, such as raw materials and
1980s and 1990s, such as the Green Revolution, Agricultural
transportation. This creates a supply chain that
Extension Services, and Price Support System. (1 Mark)
supports other industries and contributes to the
overall economic strength of the country. For example, (i) Green Revolution: The Green Revolution was
the steel industry supports the construction industry by launched in the 1960s, but its impact was felt in
providing steel for buildings and infrastructure. the 1980s and 1990s. It introduced new varieties of
(1 Mark) high-yielding crops, modern irrigation systems, and
24. The Non-Cooperation Movement was started with the chemical fertilizers. (1 Mark)
participation of middle-class people in the cities because they (ii) Agricultural Extension Services: The government
were disillusioned with the British rule and wanted to protest established agricultural extension services to provide
against it. The middle-class people boycotted British goods farmers with information on new farming techniques,
and services, which had an impact on the economy.(1 Mark) crop management, and marketing. (1 Mark)
The impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement on the (iii) Price Support System: The government introduced a
economic front can be seen in the following ways: price support system to ensure that farmers get a fair
(i) Boycott of British goods: The boycott of British price for their crops. (1 Mark)
goods led to a decline in their sales, which affected
(iv) Agricultural credit: The government introduced
the British economy. (1 Mark)
several measures to provide credit to farmers, such
(ii) Rise of Swadeshi Movement: The Swadeshi
as the establishment of regional rural banks and the
Movement was launched to promote Indian goods and
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
industries. This led to the growth of Indian industries
(NABARD). This helped to increase access to credit
and the creation of new job opportunities. (1 Mark)
and improve agricultural productivity. (1 Mark)
(iii) Impact on the Textile industry: The boycott of
British textiles led to the growth of the Indian textile OR
industry. This industry became a major source of Intensive subsistence farming and commercial farming
employment and revenue. (1 Mark) are two types of agricultural practices that are practiced in
(iv) Boycott of educational institutions: The boycott of India. Here are some differences between the two:
British educational institutions led to the growth of (i) Nature of farming: Intensive subsistence farming
Indian educational institutions. This led to the spread is a type of farming practiced by small farmers with
of education among the masses. (1 Mark) simple tools and techniques. Commercial farming, on
OR the other hand, is a type of farming practiced by large
(i) Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any landowners who cultivate large tracts of land with
position of authority within the organization due advanced technology and machinery. (1 Mark)
to social norms and conservative leadership. The (ii) Crop diversity: Intensive subsistence farming is
prevailing social norms of the time did not allow characterized by a high degree of crop diversity, with
women to participate in political activities. (1 Mark) farmers growing a variety of crops suited to their
(ii) The leadership of Congress was also conservative and local environment and soil conditions. This helps
did not want to upset the traditional gender roles. to ensure food security and reduce risks from crop
(1 Mark) failure. Commercial farming, on the other hand, is
(iii) However, women participated in the Civil characterized by a low degree of crop diversity, with
Disobedience Movement by organizing marches, farmers focusing on a few high-yielding crops that
boycotts, and picketing. (1 Mark) can be sold for profit. (1 Mark)
382 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(iii) Labor intensity: Intensive subsistence farming is 26.
labor-intensive, with farmers relying on family labor
or hired labor to cultivate their land. Commercial
(B) (i) Raja Sanai International
farming, on the other hand, is capital-intensive, Airport Amritsar
with farmers relying on advanced technology and
machinery to increase productivity and reduce labor
costs. (1 Mark)
(iv) Market orientation: Intensive subsistence farming
is subsistence-oriented, with farmers producing crops
primarily for their own consumption. Commercial
farming, on the other hand, is market-oriented, with
farmers producing crops primarily for sale in the (B) (iii) West Bengal
(A) (b) Software and
market. (1 Mark) Ahmedabad Technology Park, Kolkata
(1918)
(v) Scale of farming: Intensive subsistence farming
is typically practiced on small plots of land, with (A) (a) Madras
farmers cultivating only enough land to meet their (Chennai) (1927)
(B) (ii) Bhadravati
own needs. Commercial farming, on the other hand,
Iron and Steel
is typically practiced on large tracts of land, with Plant
farmers cultivating large areas to maximize profits.
(1 Mark) (5 Marks)

DELHI

(iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 8 are Very short answer questions. Each question carries 1 mark. Answers to these
questions should not exceed 30 words each.
(iv) Questions from serial number 9 to 20 are 3 marks questions. Answers to these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(v) Questions from serial number 21 to 28 are 5 marks questions. Answers to these questions should not exceed 120 words each.
(vi) Question numbers 29 and 30 are map questions of 3 marks each from History and Geography both. After completion,
attach the maps inside your answer-book.
1. Name the writer of the novel ‘Anandamath’. (1 Mark) 10. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide
2. Name the river which is related to ‘National Waterways’ Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act 1919?
No. 1. (1 Mark) Explain any three reasons. (3 Marks)
3. How do ‘pressure groups’ form? [OS] (1 Mark) 11. Evaluate the contribution of folklore, songs, popular prints
etc., in shaping the nationalism during freedom struggle.
4. Explain the meaning of ‘challenge’. [OS] (1 Mark)
(3 Marks)
5. Give an example of any ‘pressure group’ of India which
functions as a branch of ‘political party’. [OS] (1 Mark) 12. Describe any three characteristics of ‘Odisha-Jharkhand
belt’ of iron ore in India. (3 Marks)
6. Highlight the inherent problem in double coincidence of
wants. 13. Explain with examples the interdependence of agriculture
and industries. (3 Marks)
7. Give any one example of consumer’s ‘right to choose’.
14. Why do the movement of goods and services from one
[OS] (1 Mark)
place to another require fast and efficient means of
8. If you want to extract information about the functions transport ? Explain with examples. (3 Marks)
of any government department, which right would you
15. Differentiate between Nepal’s movement and Bolivia’s
exercise? [OS] (1 Mark)
popular struggle. [OS] (3 Marks)
9. Describe any three steps taken by the French revolutionaries
16. How do the pressure groups and movements influence
to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French
politics? Explain with examples. [OS] (3 Marks)
people. (3 Marks)
OR 17. Analyse any three values that make democracy better.
Describe any three changes that came in the life of (3 Marks)

Vietnamese after the colonisation of Vietnam by the 18. “Banks are efficient medium of exchange.” Support the
French. [OS] statement with arguments. (3 Marks)
19. Examine any three conditions which should be taken care
of by multinational companies to set up their production
units. (3 Marks)
20. Analyse any three reasons for the beginning of the
consumer movement in India. [OS] (3 Marks)
21. Who hosted ‘Vienna Congress’ in 1815? Analyse the main (A)
changes brought by the ‘Vienna Treaty.’ [OS] (5 Marks)
OR (B) (C)
Analyse the role of ‘Hoa-Hao’ movement to arouse anti-

imperialist sentiments in Vietnam. [OS]
22. “Plantation workers had their own understanding of
Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas and the notion of ‘Swaraj’.”
Support the statement. (5 Marks)
23. ‘Energy saved is energy produced.’ Assess the statement.
(5 Marks)
24. Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry
in India. Explain any three objectives of National Jute
30. On the given political outline map of India locate and label
Policy. [OS] (5 Marks)
the following with appropriate symbols: (3 Marks)
25. “Democracy is very important for promoting dignity A. Salem–Iron and Steel Centre
and freedom of the citizens.” Support the statement with
B. Kandla–Major Sea Port
arguments. (5 Marks)
C. Hyderabad–Software Technology Park
26. Describe any five efforts made to reform political parties
in India. (5 Marks)
27. “Self Help Groups” help borrowers to overcome the
problem of lack of collateral. Examine the statement.
(5 Marks)
28. Describe the contribution of technology in promoting the
process of globalisation. (5 Marks)
29. Three features A, B and C are marked on the given political
outline map of India. Identify these features with the help
of the following information and write their correct names
on the lines marked on the map: (3 Marks)
A. The place, related to the calling off the ‘Non-Cooperation
Movement.’
B.
The place where the ‘Peasant’s Satyagraha’ was
started.
C.
Name the place where ‘Indian National Congress’
session was held.

EXPLANATIONS
1. Anandamath is a Bengali historical novel, written by 13. Agriculture and industries are interdependent as industries
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882. rely on agriculture for raw materials like cotton, jute, and
(1 Mark) sugarcane, while agriculture relies on industries for inputs
2. The river “Ganga” is related to ‘National Waterways’ No.1. like fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery. (1½ Marks)
(1 Mark) For example, the cotton industry depends on cotton
3. Out of the Syllabus produced by farmers, and farmers depend on fertilizers
4. Out of the Syllabus and pesticides produced by the chemical industry.
5. Out of the Syllabus (1½ Marks)
6. The inherent problem with double coincidence of wants is 14. The movement of goods and services from one place
that it requires a coincidence of wants between two people to another requires fast and efficient means of transport
or parties, making trade difficult. (1 Mark) because it reduces the cost and time required for
7. Out of the Syllabus transportation. For example, transporting perishable goods
like fruits and vegetables by air reduces the time required
for transportation, which helps to maintain their freshness.
9. Three steps taken by the French revolutionaries to create
a sense of collective identity amongst the French people (3 Marks)
were: 15. Out of the Syllabus
(i) Imposing a common language and system of weights 16. Out of the Syllabus
and measures. (1 Mark) 17. Three values that make democracy better are:
(ii) Celebrating national festivals and creating national (i) Equality: All citizens have equal rights and
symbols. (1 Mark) opportunities. (1 Mark)
(iii) Creating a national education system to spread the (ii) Freedom: Citizens have the freedom to express their
ideas of the revolution. (1 Mark) views and opinions. (1 Mark)
OR (iii) Justice: Citizens are treated fairly and equally under
Out of the Syllabus the law. (1 Mark)
10. Gandhiji launched a nationwide Satyagraha against the 18. Banks are an efficient medium of exchange because they
proposed Rowlatt Act of 1919 for the following reasons: provide a safe and secure platform for individuals and
(i) It violated the basic civil rights of citizens. (1 Mark) businesses to deposit, withdraw, and transfer money.
(ii) It was discriminatory towards Indians. (1 Mark) (1½ Marks)
(iii) It was passed without the consent of Indian leaders They also provide credit facilities to individuals and
and representatives. (1 Mark) businesses, which helps to finance economic activities and
11. Folklore, songs, and popular prints played a significant role promote growth. (1½ Marks)
in shaping nationalism during the freedom struggle. They
19. Three conditions that should be taken care of by
helped to create a sense of shared identity and common
multinational companies to set up their production units
purpose among people. They also served as a means of
are:
communication and propaganda to mobilize people and
(i) Compliance with local laws and regulations. (1 Mark)
spread awareness about the struggle. (3 Marks)
12. Three characteristics of the Odisha-Jharkhand belt of iron (ii) Respect for the rights of workers and local
ore in India are: communities. (1 Mark)
(i) Rich in hematite iron ore deposits. (1 Mark) (iii) Protection of the environment and natural resources.
(1 Mark)
(ii) Presence of high-grade iron ore. (1 Mark)
(iii) Proximity to coal reserves, which are used as fuel in 20. Out of the Syllabus
the production of iron and steel. (1 Mark) 21. Out of the Syllabus
386 SOCIAL SCIENCE

22. Plantation workers had their own understanding of 26. (i) Introduction of internal democracy and transparency
Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas and the notion of ‘Swaraj’ because: in party functioning. (1 Mark)
(i) Gandhi’s ideas of non-violent resistance and civil (ii) Increasing the representation of women and minorities
disobedience resonated with plantation workers, who in party leadership positions. (1 Mark)
were often subject to harsh treatment and exploitation (iii) Regulating party funding and expenditure. (1 Mark)
by their British employers. (1 Mark) (iv) Promoting ethical and accountable behavior by party
(ii) The notion of ‘Swaraj’ or self-rule, which Gandhi members. (1 Mark)
advocated, was seen by plantation workers as a way to (v) Encouraging the participation of youth and new voices
achieve greater autonomy and control over their lives in party activities. (1 Mark)
and work. (1 Mark) 27. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) help borrowers to overcome the
(iii) Plantation workers adapted Gandhi’s ideas to their own problem of lack of collateral because:
circumstances, using non-violent protests and strikes (i) SHGs are groups of people who come together to
to demand better wages and working conditions. form a collective to save money and provide loans to
(1 Mark) their members. This allows borrowers to access credit
(iv) Gandhi’s emphasis on the dignity of labor and the without having to put up collateral. (1 Mark)
importance of self-reliance also appealed to plantation (ii) SHGs provide a support system for their members,
workers, who were often treated as mere commodities who are often from marginalized communities.
by their employers. (1 Mark) This support system can take the form of training,
(v) Plantation workers also saw Gandhi as a champion counseling, and other forms of assistance. (1 Mark)
of the poor and oppressed, and were inspired by his (iii) SHGs are often linked to banks and other financial
message of social justice and equality. (1 Mark) institutions, which can provide credit to the group as a
23. The statement “Energy saved is energy produced” is true whole. This allows the group to negotiate better terms
to some extent. and interest rates than individual borrowers would be
(i) By reducing energy consumption, we can save energy able to. (1 Mark)
equivalent to the amount produced. (1¼ Marks) (iv) SHGs promote a culture of savings and financial
(ii) This can be achieved by adopting energy-efficient discipline among their members, which can help to
build financial resilience and stability over the long
practices and technologies, which can reduce waste
term. (1 Mark)
and improve efficiency. (1¼ Marks)
(v) However, it should be noted that SHGs are not a
(iii) However, it is important to note that energy savings
panacea for all problems related to access to credit,
alone cannot meet the energy demands of a growing
and that more needs to be done to address structural
population and economy. (1¼ Marks)
issues in the financial system that prevent marginalized
(iv) We also need to focus on developing renewable energy communities from accessing credit. (1 Mark)
sources and reducing our dependence on fossil fuels.
28. (i) Technology has contributed to the process of
(1¼ Marks)
globalization by facilitating the movement of goods,
24. Out of the Syllabus services, and information across borders. (1 Mark)
25. Democracy is important for promoting the dignity and (ii) It has enabled businesses to expand their markets and
freedom of citizens. reach customers in different parts of the world.
(i) It allows people to participate in the decision-making (1 Mark)
process and exercise their rights. (1¼ Marks) (iii) It has also facilitated the growth of global supply
(ii) It promotes equality, justice, and human rights, which chains and the development of new industries and
are essential for the well-being of individuals and business models. (1 Mark)
society as a whole. (1¼ Marks) (iv) For example, e-commerce platforms like Amazon and
(iii) It also ensures accountability and transparency in Alibaba have made it easier for businesses to sell their
governance, which helps to prevent corruption and products globally, while social media platforms like
abuse of power. (1¼ Marks) Facebook and Twitter have facilitated cross-border
(iv) Democracy helps to create an environment where communication and collaboration. (1 Mark)
citizens can express their opinions and ideas freely (v) Overall, technology has played a key role in promoting
without fear of repression, which promotes creativity, economic growth and development on a global scale.
innovation, and progress. (1¼ Marks) (1 Mark)

29. 30.
Chauri-Chaura,
Near Gorakhpur
(A)
(B) (C)
Kheda
(B)
Gujarat
Calcutta (Kolkata) Kandla
(Various Sessions (Major (C) Hyderabed
held at this City) Sea Port)
(A) Salem
(3 Marks) (3 Marks)
388 SOCIAL SCIENCE

Outside DELHI
(iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 8 are very short answer questions. Each question carries 1 mark. Answers to these
questions should not exceed 30 words each.
(iv) Questions from serial number 9 to 20 are 3 marks questions. Answers to these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(v) Questions from serial number 21 to 28 are 5 marks questions. Answers to these questions should not exceed 120 words each.
(vi) Question numbers 29 and 30 are map questions of 3 marks each from History and Geography both. After completion,
attach the maps inside your answer-book.
1. What is the meaning of ‘Begar’? (1 Mark) 12. How do Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) interlink
2. Name the best variety of iron-ore found in India. production across countries? Explain with examples.
(1 Mark) (3 Marks)
3. Why is there an overwhelming support to democracy all 13. Why are we not able to perform to our full potential in the
over the world? Explain one reason. (1 Mark) production of iron and steel in India? Explain any three
4. How does the use of money make it easier to exchange reasons. [OS] (3 Marks)
things? Give an example. (1 Mark) 14. ‘‘Tourism industry in India has grown substantially over
5. How is the maximum retail price printed on packets the last three decades.’’ Support the statement.
beneficial for you? [OS] (1 Mark) (3 Marks)
6. Give an example of violation of consumer’s right to 15. How is social diversity accommodated in democracy?
choose. [OS] (1 Mark) Explain with examples. (3 Marks)
7. Explain the meaning of democracy. (1 Mark) 16. Describe any three characteristics of the Durg-Bastar-
8. Name any one political party of India which grew out of a Chandrapur Iron-ore belt in India. (3 Marks)
movement. [OS] (1 Mark)
17. On the basis of which values will it be a fair expectation
9. How do pressure groups and movements strengthen that democracy should produce a harmonious social life?
democracy? Explain. [OS] (3 Marks) Explain. (3 Marks)
10. Explain any three loan activities of banks in India. 18. Evaluate the role of business classes in the ‘Civil
(3 Marks) Disobedience Movement’. (3 Marks)
11. Analyse the importance of the three-tier judicial machinery 19. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the ‘Non-Cooperation
under Consumer Protection Act (COPRA), 1986 for Movement’ in February, 1922? Explain any three reasons.
redressal of consumer disputes. [OS] (3 Marks) (3 Marks)
20. Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in
the 1830s. (3 Marks)
OR
(A)
Describe any three problems faced by the French in the
sphere of education in Vietnam. [OS]
21. Analyse any five positive effects of globalisation on the
Indian economy. (5 Marks)
22. How was the sense of collective belonging developed
during the freedom movement? Explain. (5 Marks)
23. “The advancement of international trade of a country is an
index of its economic development.’’ Justify the statement. (C)
(B)
(5 Marks)
24. ‘‘The first clear expression of nationalism came with the
‘French Revolution’ in 1789.’’ Examine the statement.
(5 Marks)
OR
the following features with appropriate symbols: (3 Marks)
Examine the reasons that forced America to withdraw A. Naraura - Nuclear Power Plant
from the Vietnam war. [OS] B. Tuticorin - Major Sea Port
25. What is liberalisation? Describe any four effects of C. Bhilai - Iron and Steel Plant
liberalisation on the Indian economy. (5 Marks)
26. Suggest any five effective measures to reform political
parties (5 Marks)
27. Describe any five characteristics of democracy.
(5 Marks)
28. Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian
economy. (5 Marks)
on the lines marked on the map: (3 Marks)
A. The city associated with the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
B. The place where the Indian National Congress session
was held.
C. The place where Gandhiji violated the Salt Law.
390 SOCIAL SCIENCE

EXPLANATIONS
1. ‘Begar’ refers to the practice of forced labor without any from countries like China and South Korea. It then
payment or compensation. (1 Mark) manufactures its products in countries like China and
2. Magnetite is the best variety of iron-ore found in India. India and sells them in countries around the world.
(1 Mark) (1 Mark)
3. One reason for this is that democracy provides a platform
14. The tourism industry in India has grown substantially over
for the peaceful resolution of conflicts and ensures that
the last three decades due to several factors.
the rights and freedoms of individuals are protected and
(i) The promotion of India as a tourist destination by
it allows citizens to participate in the decision making the government through campaigns like ‘Incredible
process. (1 Mark) India.’ (1 Mark)
4. The use of money makes it easier to exchange things as it (ii) The growth of the middle class and their increased
serves as a medium of exchange. For example, if a person disposable income has also led to a rise in domestic
wants to purchase a product, He can use money to pay for tourism. (1 Mark)
it instead of exchanging it for another product or service. (iii) The development of infrastructure, such as airports,
(1 Mark) highways, and hotels, has also contributed to the
growth of the tourism industry. (1 Mark)
15. (i) Social diversity is accommodated in democracy
6. Out of the Syllabus through the principle of equality and non-
7. Democracy is a form of government in which power is discrimination. (1 Mark)
vested in the hands of the people. It allows citizens to (ii) In a democracy, all individuals are treated equally
participate in the decision-making process and provides for before the law, regardless of their social background.
the protection of individual rights and freedoms. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
8. Out of the Syllabus (iii) Political parties and leaders also represent diverse
social groups and work towards their welfare. For
example, in India, political parties represent different
10. Banks in India undertake several loan activities to meet the castes, religions, and linguistic groups. (1 Mark)
financial needs of different sectors. These include: 16. The Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur Iron-ore belt in India has the
(i) Agricultural loans: Banks provide loans to farmers following characteristics:
for agricultural purposes, such as the purchase of (i) The range of hills comprises 14 deposits of super high
seeds, fertilizers, and machinery. (1 Mark) grade hematite iron ore. (1 Mark)
(ii) Educational loans: Banks provide loans to students (ii) It has the best physical properties needed for steel
for pursuing higher education, which can be repaid making. (1 Mark)
after they start earning. (1 Mark) (iii) Iron ore from these mines is exported to Japan and
South Korea via Vishakhapatnam port. (1 Mark)
(iii) Home loans: Banks provide loans to individuals for 17. On the basis of the values of equality, justice, and respect
purchasing or constructing homes, which can be repaid for diversity, it can be a fair expectation that democracy
in equated monthly installments (EMIs). (1 Mark) should produce a harmonious social life.
11. Out of the Syllabus (i) Equality: Democracy upholds the principle of
12. (i) Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) interlink equality, where every individual is treated with equal
production across countries by establishing global rights and opportunities. When people are treated
supply chains that involve the sourcing of raw equally, regardless of their social backgrounds, it
materials, production, and distribution of goods across fosters a sense of harmony and unity among different
different countries. (1 Mark) groups in society. (1 Mark)
(ii) Justice: Democracy emphasizes the importance of
(ii) MNCs set up subsidiaries or branches in different
justice and fairness in decision-making processes.
countries to carry out various stages of production and It ensures that laws are applied equitably and that
distribution. (1 Mark) everyone has access to justice. When justice prevails,
(iii) For example, a company like Apple sources its raw conflicts are resolved fairly, leading to a more
materials such as memory chips, screens, and batteries harmonious social life. (1 Mark)

(iii) Respect for Diversity: Democracy values and (ii) Greater competition: Globalisation has encouraged
respects diversity in society. It recognizes the greater competition among Indian companies, which
rights and dignity of all individuals, irrespective has led to increased efficiency and productivity.
of their race, religion, gender, or social status. By (1 Mark)
embracing diversity, democracy promotes inclusivity
(iii) Access to new markets: Globalisation has opened up
and understanding, creating a harmonious social
environment. (1 Mark) new markets for Indian companies, which has helped
to increase exports and generate foreign exchange.
18. (i) The business classes played a significant role in
the Civil Disobedience Movement by supporting (1 Mark)
the boycott of foreign goods and the promotion of (iv) Technology transfer: Globalisation has facilitated the
swadeshi products. (1 Mark) transfer of technology and knowledge from developed
(ii) They also provided financial support to the movement countries to India, which has helped to improve the
and participated in protests and demonstrations. quality of Indian products. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) (v) Job creation: Globalisation has led to the creation of
(iii) However, some business classes were critical of new jobs in sectors like IT, BPO, and manufacturing,
the movement and continued to support the British which has helped to reduce unemployment. (1 Mark)
government. (1 Mark) 22. During the freedom movement, the sense of collective
19. Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement in belonging was developed in various ways:
February 1922 due to the following reasons: (i) Nationalist Leaders: Nationalist leaders like
(i) The Chauri Chaura incident, in which a group of Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas
protestors set fire to a police station, resulted in the Chandra Bose played a crucial role in fostering a
death of several police officers. Gandhiji felt that the sense of collective belonging. They united people
movement had turned violent and needed to be called from different regions, religions, and backgrounds
off. (1 Mark) under the common goal of attaining independence.
(ii) Moreover, many members of Indian National Congress (1 Mark)
felt that the Non-cooperation Movement was tiresome (ii) Mass Movements: Mass movements such as the
and unnecessary, since they wanted to contest the
Non-Cooperation Movement, Salt March, and Quit
election. (1 Mark)
India Movement brought people together in a united
(iii) Gandhiji felt that the movement needed to be struggle against colonial rule. These movements
reorganized and strengthened before it could be instilled a sense of shared purpose and collective
resumed. (1 Mark)
identity among the masses. (1 Mark)
20. Europe faced several economic hardships in the 1830s,
(iii) National Symbols and Slogans: National symbols
including: (Any three)
like the tricolour flag and slogans like “Vande
(i) Unemployment, migration and price rise. (1 Mark) Mataram” created a sense of pride and unity among
(ii) The impact of the Industrial Revolution, which led the people. They symbolized the collective aspiration
to the displacement of workers and the decline of for freedom and served as rallying points for the
traditional industries. (1 Mark) freedom movement. (1 Mark)
(iii) The failure of several banks and financial institutions, (iv) Freedom Struggle Literature: Literature and
which resulted in a credit crunch and decline in
speeches by freedom fighters inspired a sense
investment. (1 Mark)
of collective belonging. The works of poets like
(iv) The impact of the Napoleonic Wars, which had Rabindranath Tagore and slogans like “Inquilab
disrupted trade and commerce and led to a rise in Zindabad” stirred patriotic sentiments and strengthened
prices. (1 Mark)
the bond among freedom fighters and the general
OR public. (1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus (v) Participation of Different Sections: The participation
21. Globalisation has had several positive effects on the Indian of people from diverse backgrounds, including
economy. These include: students, workers, peasants, and women, in the freedom
(i) Increased foreign investment: Globalisation has led movement fostered a sense of collective belonging. It
to an increase in foreign investment in India, which showcased the unity and determination of the Indian
has helped to boost economic growth. (1 Mark) society in the fight against colonial rule. (1 Mark)
392 SOCIAL SCIENCE

23. The statement that the advancement of international trade (v) However, it is important to note that nationalism
of a country is an index of its economic development holds existed in some form even before the French
true due to the following reasons: Revolution. Historical events like the American
(i) Economic Growth: International trade allows countries Revolution and movements in other regions, such as
to access a larger market for their goods and the unification of Italy and Germany, also contributed
services. Increased trade leads to higher production, to the development of nationalism. (1 Mark)
employment, and income levels, contributing to OR
overall economic growth. (1 Mark) Out of the Syllabus
(ii) Global Market Integration: Engaging in 25. Liberalisation refers to the process of opening up the
international trade exposes countries to new economy to foreign investment and reducing government
technologies, ideas, and best practices. It encourages control over various sectors. (1 Mark)
innovation and efficiency improvements, leading to Here are four effects of liberalisation on the Indian economy:
increased productivity and competitiveness. (1 Mark) (i) Increased foreign investment: Liberalisation has
(iii) Diversification of Industries: International trade encouraged foreign investment in India, which has
enables countries to diversify their industries and reduce helped to boost economic growth. (1 Mark)
dependence on a few sectors. By engaging in trade, (ii) Greater competition: Liberalisation has led to
countries can specialize in the production of goods and greater competition among Indian companies, which
services they have a comparative advantage in, leading has improved efficiency and productivity. (1 Mark)
to a more balanced and resilient economy. (1 Mark) (iii) Access to new technologies: Liberalisation has
facilitated the transfer of technology from developed
(iv) Foreign Exchange Earnings: International trade allows
countries to India, which has helped to improve the
countries to earn foreign exchange through exports.
quality of Indian products. (1 Mark)
These earnings can be used to finance imports, invest
(iv) Expansion of the services sector: Liberalisation has
in infrastructure, and support economic development
led to the growth of the services sector, particularly
initiatives. (1 Mark)
IT and BPO, which has generated employment and
However, it is important to note that solely relying on foreign exchange. (1 Mark)
the advancement of international trade as an index of 26. Effective measures to reform political parties include:
economic development may not provide a comprehensive
(i) Internal democracy: Political parties should adopt
picture. Other factors such as income distribution, social
democratic procedures in their internal functioning
indicators, and sustainable development practices should
to ensure the participation of all members in
also be considered. (1 Mark)
decision-making. (1 Mark)
24. (i) The statement that the first clear expression of (ii) Transparency: Political parties should be transparent
nationalism came with the French Revolution in in their sources of funding and expenditure to prevent
1789 holds some validity, but it is not entirely corruption and promote accountability. (1 Mark)
accurate. While the French Revolution did contribute (iii) Electoral reforms: The election process should be
significantly to the rise of nationalism, it was not the reformed to ensure free and fair elections and prevent
sole factor. (1 Mark) the use of money and muscle power. (1 Mark)
(ii) The French Revolution played a crucial role in the (iv) Decentralisation: Political parties should decentralise
emergence of the concept of the nation-state. It power and delegate decision-making to lower levels
challenged the authority of absolute monarchies and to promote greater participation and accountability.
promoted the idea of a nation governed by the will of (1 Mark)
the people. (1 Mark)
(v) Education and awareness: Political parties should
(iii) The French Revolution emphasized the importance of educate and create awareness among the public about
national identity and popular sovereignty. It fostered their policies and programmes to promote greater
a sense of collective belonging among the French participation and informed decision-making. (1 Mark)
people, based on shared language, culture, and history. 27. The characteristics of democracy include:
(1 Mark) (i) Rule of law: Democracy is based on the principle of
(iv) The revolutionary ideals of liberty, equality, and rule of law, which means that everyone is equal before
fraternity inspired nationalist movements in other the law and no one is above the law. (1 Mark)
parts of Europe. The French Revolution became a (ii) Equality: Democracy treats all individuals as equal
symbol of resistance against oppressive regimes and and provides equal opportunities to participate in the
ignited nationalist sentiments. (1 Mark) decision-making process. (1 Mark)

(iii) Freedom: Democracy guarantees fundamental freedoms 29.
like freedom of speech, expression, and association to
all individuals. (1 Mark)
(iv) Representation: Democracy provides for the Jalianwala Bagh
(A) Amritsar
representation of diverse social groups and interests
in the decision-making process. (1 Mark)
(v) Accountability: Democracy provides for the
accountability of elected representatives to the people
and ensures that they are answerable to the people for
their actions. (1 Mark)
28. The chemical industry plays a significant role in the Indian (C)
Dandi
(Navsari)
economy in the following ways:
(i) Contribution to GDP: The chemical industry is
a major contributor to India’s Gross Domestic
Product (GDP). It encompasses various sectors like
petrochemicals, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and
(B) Madras (1927)
dyes. (1 Mark)
(ii) Employment Generation: The chemical industry
provides employment opportunities to a large
workforce. It includes skilled and unskilled workers,
engineers, scientists, and researchers. The industry’s
(3 Marks)
growth creates job opportunities, thus contributing to
30.
the livelihoods of many individuals. (1 Mark)
(iii) Export Potential: Chemical products form a
significant portion of India’s exports. Various chemical (A) Narora-Nuclear Power
products like pharmaceuticals, dyes, and specialty Plant (Bulandshahar (U.P.))
chemicals are in high demand globally. The chemical
industry’s export earnings contribute to the country’s (A)
foreign exchange reserves and trade balance.(1 Mark)
(iv) Agriculture and Manufacturing Support: The
chemical industry provides essential inputs to the
agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Fertilizers
and pesticides help enhance agricultural productivity,
while chemicals serve as raw materials for
manufacturing industries. This support boosts overall (C) Bhilai- Iron and
economic development. (1 Mark) Steel Plant
(v) Innovation and Research: The chemical industry

invests in research and development to develop new
products, technologies, and processes. Innovation
(B) Tuticorin- Major
in this sector leads to the creation of value-added Sea Port
products, improved efficiency, and competitiveness in
the global market. (1 Mark) (3 Marks)
394 SOCIAL SCIENCE

DELHI Term-II

(iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 8 are very short answer questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
(iv) Questions from serial number 9 to 20 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.
(v) Questions from serial number 21 to 28 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
(vi) Question number 29 and 30 are map questions of 3 marks each from History and Geography both. After completion, attach
the maps inside your answer-book.
1. Name the Treaty of 1832 that recognised Greece as an OR

independent nation. (1 Mark) How did nationalism emerge in Vietnam through the
OR efforts of different sections of society to fight against the
French? Analyse. [OS]
What was the result of the peace negotiation in Geneva that
followed the French defeat in Vietnam [OS] 10. Who had designed the ‘Swaraj flag’ by 1921? Explain the
main features of this swaraj flag. (1 + 2 = 3 Marks)
2. Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal
11. Disobedience Movement was different from the
forms, lustre and density found in minerals? (1 Mark)
Non-Cooperation Movement.” Support the statement with
3. How are issue specific movements different from generic examples.(3 Marks)
movements? [OS] (1 Mark) 12. Classify industries on the basis of capital investment.
4. Name any one political party that has national level How are they different from one another? Explain with
political organisation but not recognised as the national examples. (1 + 2 = 3 Marks)
political party. (1 Mark) 13. “Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for the
5. Which organisation led the protest against water fast development.” Express your views in favour of this
privatisation in Bolivia? [OS] (1 Mark) statement. (3 Marks)
6. Differentiate between investment and foreign investment. 14. “The textile industry is the only industry in the country
which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.”
(1 Mark)
Justify the statement. (3 Marks)
7. Suppose you have to buy a packed bottle for drinking 15. What is meant by a ‘national political party’? State the
water in your journey. Which logo will you like to see to conditions required to be a national political party.
be sure about its quality? [OS] (1 Mark) (1 + 2 = 3Marks)
8. How do the deposits with banks become their source of 16. What are sectional interest groups? Describe their
income? (1 Mark) functioning. [OS] (1 + 2 = 3 Marks)
9. How had the female figures become an allegory of the 17. “Most of the established democracies are facing the challenge
nation during nineteenth century in Europe? Analyse. of expansion.” Support the statement with examples.
(3 Marks) [OS] (3 Marks)
18. How can money easily exchange it for goods or services?
Give example to explain. (3 Marks)
19. ‘Barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were (B)
removed to a large extent in India since 1991.’ Justify the (C)
statement. (3 Marks)
20. “The credit activities of the informal sector should be
discouraged.” Support the statement with arguments.
(3 Marks)
21. Analyse the measures and practices introduced by the
French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective
identity amongst the French people(5 Marks)
OR

“U.S. entry into the war in Vietnam marked a new
phase that proved costly to Vietnamese as well as to the (A)
Americans.” Analyse the statement. [OS]
22. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide
satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act 1919? How
was it organised? Explain (2 + 3 = 5 Marks)
23. Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the
the following with appropriate symbols:(3 Marks)
occurrence of petroleum in India. (2 + 3 = 5 Marks)
A. Ankleshwar-Oil field
24. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the
B. Durgapur-Iron and steel plant [OS]
development of manufacturing industries.” Support the
C. Tuticorin-Major seaport
statement with arguments.(5 Marks)
25. How are the democratic governments better than the other
forms of governments? Compare.(5 Marks)
26. “Pressure groups and movements exert influence on
politics in different ways.” Support the statement with
suitable examples. [OS] (5 Marks)
27. Describe the vital and positive role of credit with examples.
28. What is globalisation? Describe the role of Multinational
Corporations (MNCs) in promoting globalisation process.
(1 + 4 =5 Marks)
on the lines marked in the map:(3 Marks)
A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session
was held.
B. The place associated with peasant’s satyagraha.
C. The city associated with the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
396 SOCIAL SCIENCE

EXPLANATIONS
1. Treaty of Constantinople of 1832. (1 Mark) (ii) The saffron stripe represented courage and sacrifice,
OR the white stripe represented purity and truth, and the
Out of the Syllabus (1 Mark) green stripe represented faith and prosperity. The
charkha symbolized the importance of self-reliance
2. The wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre
and self-sustenance. (1 Mark)
and density found in minerals is due to their varying
11. The Civil Disobedience Movement and the Non-Cooperation
chemical compositions. (1 Mark)
Movement were two significant phases of the Indian
3. Out of the Syllabus freedom struggle, each with distinct characteristics:
4. Samajwadi party. (1 Mark) (i) Nature of Protest: The Non-Cooperation Movement
5. Out of the Syllabus focused on nonviolent resistance, boycott of British
6. Investment refers to the act of putting money into institutions, challenge British authority, and create a
something with the expectation of profit, while foreign sense of self-reliance among Indians. In contrast, the
investment is the investment made by foreign entities in Civil Disobedience Movement involved deliberate
domestic companies or assets. (1 Mark) acts of nonviolent lawbreakings, such as the Salt
7. Out of the Syllabus March and the refusal to pay taxes. (1½ Marks)
8. Banks use the deposits from customers to lend money to (ii) Demands and Objectives: The Non-Cooperation
borrowers at higher interest rates. The interest earned on Movement primarily focused on the demand for
loans becomes their main source of income. This process complete independence, swaraj, from British rule. It
is called intermediation and helps banks generate profit aimed to unite the people and build a strong national
movement. The Civil Disobedience Movement, while
while providing funds for economic activities. (1 Mark)
also seeking swaraj, had additional specific demands
9. During the nineteenth century in Europe, female such as the abolition of salt tax and the right to produce
figures became allegories of the nation through various salt. (1½ Marks)
representations and symbolism. For example: (Any three)
12. (i) Industries can be classified based on capital investment
(i) Female figures were often depicted as personifications into small-scale, medium-scale, and large-scale
of the nation, representing its values, culture, and industries. (1 Mark)
aspirations. (1 Mark) (ii) Small-scale industries require less than Rs. 1 crore
(ii) Female figures were associated with virtues such as investment, medium-scale industries require between
liberty, justice, and liberty. These figures were depicted Rs. 1 crore to Rs. 10 crore investment, and large-scale
as strong, virtuous, and nurturing, representing the industries require more than Rs. 10 crore investment.
desired qualities of the nation and its people. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
(iii) Female figures were frequently portrayed in art, (iii) Small-scale industries often involve handicrafts,
literature, and political cartoons, serving as visual handlooms, and food processing, while large-scale
representations of the nation. These depictions industries include steel, automobiles, and heavy
often emphasized national pride, resilience, and the machinery. (1 Mark)
collective identity of the people. (1 Mark) 13. I completely agree with the statement that efficient means
(iv) The use of female figures as allegories of the nation of transport are prerequisites for fast development. Here
became a prominent feature of nationalist movements are my views supporting this statement:
in Europe. They became powerful symbols of (i) Connectivity: Efficient transport systems connect
resistance against foreign domination and a rallying different regions and facilitate the movement of goods,
point for nationalistic sentiments. (1 Mark) services, and people. Improved connectivity leads to
enhanced trade, investment, and economic growth,
OR
ultimately contributing to overall development.(1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus
(ii) Trade and Commerce: A well-developed transport
10. The ‘Swaraj Flag’ was designed by Mahatma Gandhi in system enables the smooth flow of goods and
1921. (1 Mark) services, both domestically and internationally. It
The main features of the flag included: reduces transportation costs, enhances market access,
(i) Three horizontal stripes of saffron, white and green, with and encourages trade, leading to increased economic
a charkha or spinning wheel in the center. (1 Mark) activities and development. (1 Mark)

(iii) Employment Generation: The transportation sector appropriate amount of money to the store, and in
itself creates employment opportunities, from drivers return, they receive the mobile phone. The seller
and logistics personnel to engineers and technicians. accepts the money as a medium of exchange because
(1 Mark) they know they can use that money to buy other goods
In conclusion, efficient means of transport play a crucial or services they need from other sellers. (1 Mark)
role in facilitating connectivity, trade, and employment 19. The statement “Barriers on foreign trade and foreign
generation, all of which are essential for fast and sustained investment were removed to a large extent in India since
development. 1991” can be justified due to the following reasons:
14. The textile industry is considered the only industry in (i) Liberalization Policy: In 1991, India implemented
India that is self-reliant and complete in the value chain as significant economic reforms as part of its new
it involves the production of raw materials, such as cotton economic policy, often referred to as the “Liberalization,
and silk, and the processing of these materials into finished Privatization, and Globalization” (LPG) policy. Under
products, such as clothing and home textiles. The industry this policy, several barriers on foreign trade and
also provides employment opportunities to a large number foreign investment were eased or removed. (1 Mark)
of people, especially women. (3 Marks) (ii) Trade Liberalization: India reduced import tariffs
15. Parties that are present in several or all units of the and non-tariff barriers to promote foreign trade.
federation are called ‘national parties’. (1 Mark) Import licensing was significantly relaxed, and many
The conditions required to be a national party are: industries were opened to foreign competition. This led
(i) Secure atleast six percent of the total votes in Lok to an increase in imports, allowing Indian consumers
Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states. access to a wider variety of goods and services from
around the world. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark)
(iii) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Prior to 1991,
(ii) Win atleast four seats in the Lok Sabha. (1 Mark)
India had strict controls on foreign direct investment.
16. Out of the Syllabus However, after the reforms, FDI norms were relaxed,
17. Out of the Syllabus and many sectors were opened up for foreign
18. Money can easily be exchanged for goods or services investment. This allowed foreign companies to invest
because it serves as a universally accepted medium of in various industries in India. (1 Mark)
exchange in an economy. (1 Mark) 20. The credit activities of the informal sector should be
(i) Money acts as a common measure of value, making discouraged due to the following arguments:
it easy to compare the worth of different goods (i) Lack of Regulation: The informal sector operates
and services and facilitating transactions. This outside the purview of formal regulatory frameworks.
characteristic of money enables buyers and sellers to As a result, there is a lack of oversight, and borrowers
engage in trade without the need for bartering or direct may not have legal recourse in case of disputes or
exchange of one good/service for another. (1 Mark) unfair practices by lenders. (1 Mark)
(ii) Let’s consider an example where a person wants to (ii) High Interest Rates: The informal sector often charges
buy a mobile phone. Without money, the person would exorbitant interest rates on loans, taking advantage of
have to find a mobile phone seller who is willing to the vulnerable position of borrowers. This can lead to
accept something the person has in exchange for the debt traps and financial exploitation. (1 Mark)
phone. This could involve searching for someone who (iii) Lack of Transparency: Transactions in the informal
needs what the person has and has the phone they sector are often based on trust and personal relationships.
want. For instance, the person might have a bicycle, The lack of formal documentation and transparency
and they would have to find a mobile phone seller can lead to ambiguity and disputes over loan terms.
who not only needs a bicycle but also has a mobile (1 Mark)
phone available for exchange. This barter process can 21. The French revolutionaries implemented various measures
be time-consuming and inefficient because finding a and practices to foster a sense of collective identity among
double coincidence of wants (when two parties have the French people during the revolution. For example:
exactly what the other wants) is challenging. (1 Mark)
(i) The revolutionaries introduced national symbols
(iii) With money, the person can simply take the currency such as the tricolor flag and the national anthem,
(let’s say Indian Rupees) they have and go to any ‘La Marseillaise.’ These symbol helped create a sense
mobile phone store. The person can then give the of unity among the French citizens. (1 Mark)
398 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(ii) The revolutionaries promoted the use of French 23. Petroleum holds immense importance in various aspects
language. They aimed to create a sense of national of modern life. Here are some key points highlighting its
identity by establishing French as the language of the significance:
nation. (1 Mark) (i) Petroleum serves as a primary source of energy
(iii) The revolutionaries focused on educational reforms, for transportation, power generation, and industrial
ensuring that education was accessible to all citizens. processes. It fuels vehicles, airplanes, ships, and provides
They introduced a standardized curriculum that electricity through thermal power plants. (1 Mark)
emphasized the principles of the revolution, instilling
(ii) Petroleum is a valuable natural resource that has the
a shared understanding of republican values and
potential to generate significant revenue for countries.
fostering a collective identity. (1 Mark)
Oil-producing nations can earn income through the
(iv) The revolutionaries encouraged active civic extraction, refining, and export of petroleum products.
participation, promoting the idea that all citizens had a This revenue can be utilized for infrastructure
role in shaping the nation. (1 Mark) development, social welfare programs, and economic
(v) They established local governing bodies and organized diversification. (1 Mark)
events such as festivals and public meetings to engage
Occurrence of petroleum in India:
the people and create a sense of belonging to a larger
community. (1 Mark) (i) These basins were formed millions of years ago when
organic materials were buried under sedimentary rocks
OR
and transformed into petroleum due to high pressure
Out of the Syllabus
and temperature. These reserves are extracted through
22. The reasons behind the launch of a nationwide Satyagraha: drilling and exploration activities. (1 Mark)
(i) Oppressive Provisions: The Rowlatt Act 1919 gave (ii) In India it is found in sedimentary basins located
the British government powers to suppress political
mainly in the western and northeastern parts of the
dissent and curtail civil liberties. It allowed for the
country. (1 Mark)
arrest and detention of individuals without trial, leading
to widespread fear and anger among Indians.(1 Mark) (iii) Major petroleum reserves are located in regions such
as Mumbai High, Krishna-Godavari Basin, Assam,
(ii) Violation of Civil Liberties: Gandhiji saw the
Gujarat, and Rajasthan. (1 Mark)
Rowlatt Act as a direct attack on the fundamental
rights and civil liberties of Indians. He believed in 24. The statement that the economic strength of a country is
the importance of preserving these rights and fought measured by the development of manufacturing industries
against any form of injustice or oppression. (1 Mark) holds are true, and here are the arguments in support of
How satyagraha was organized? this statement:
(i) Nonviolent Protest: Gandhiji decided to launch a (i) Job Creation: Manufacturing industries have the
satyagraha, a nonviolent form of protest, to oppose the potential to generate a significant number of jobs.
Rowlatt Act. He believed in the power of nonviolent They provide employment opportunities across
resistance to expose the unjust nature of the law and to various skill levels, from assembly line workers to
mobilize the masses in a peaceful manner. (1 Mark) engineers and technicians. (1 Mark)
(ii) Organizational Structure: The satyagraha was (ii) Economic Output: Manufacturing industries
organized in a decentralized manner, with local contribute to country’s GDP. The production and sale
committees and volunteers taking charge of mobilizing of manufactured products generate revenue, promote
people, spreading awareness, and coordinating protests. domestic consumption, and contribute to exports, which
The objective was to involve as many sections of society boost foreign exchange earnings. This leads to economic
as possible in the resistance movement. (1 Mark) growth and increased national income. (1 Mark)
(iii) Mass Demonstrations and Strikes: The satyagraha (iii) Technological Advancement: The development
involved mass demonstrations, strikes, and acts of of manufacturing industries requires technological
civil disobedience as a means to challenge the Rowlatt innovation and research. As countries invest
Act. People participated in peaceful marches, hartals in manufacturing, they develop and adopt new
(strikes), and boycotts to express their opposition to technologies, which in turn drives progress and
the law. (1 Mark) innovation across various sectors. (1 Mark)

(iv) Supply Chain Development: The production of 27. Credit plays a vital and positive role in an economy,
goods involves sourcing raw materials, transportation, enabling economic activities, promoting growth, and
and distribution. This leads to the growth of related supporting individuals and businesses. Here are some
industries such as logistics, transportation, and examples that highlight the importance of credit:
warehousing, creating a multiplier effect on the (i) Agricultural Credit: Farmers often require credit
economy. (1 Mark) to purchase seeds, fertilizers, machinery, and other
(v) Export Competitiveness: A strong manufacturing agricultural inputs. Agricultural credit provides
base enables a country to compete in the global market. financial support to farmers, enabling them to invest
By producing high-quality goods at competitive in their crops and improve agricultural productivity.
prices, countries can increase their export potential. (1 Mark)
This not only generates foreign exchange but also (ii) Small Business Loans: Credit is essential for
enhances the country’s global standing and economic small businesses to start or expand their operations.
influence. (1 Mark) Entrepreneurs can obtain loans to purchase equipment,
25. Democratic governments are considered better than other hire employees, or increase inventory. Access to credit
forms of governments due to the following reasons: fosters entrepreneurship, boosts employment, and
stimulates economic growth. (1 Mark)
(Any five)
(iii) Housing Loans: Home loans enable individuals to
(i) Protection of Individual Rights: Democratic buy homes, which is a significant milestone in one’s
governments prioritize the protection of individual life. Homeownership provides stability and financial
rights and freedoms. The system of checks and security to families, and housing loans make this
balances ensures that the government does not have dream achievable for many people. (1 Mark)
absolute power, and citizens have the right to express
(iv) Education Loans: Education loans empower students
their opinions, participate in decision-making, and
to pursue higher education and professional courses.
enjoy basic rights such as freedom of speech and
By removing financial barriers, education loans
religion. (1 Mark)
ensure that talented individuals can access quality
(ii) Rule of Law: In a democratic government, laws apply education and contribute to the country’s intellectual
equally to all citizens, including those in power. It and economic development. (1 Mark)
ensures that no one is above the law and provides a (v) Consumer Loans: Credit enables individuals to
fair and just system of governance. (1 Mark) make significant purchases such as cars, electronic
(iii) Peaceful Transitions of Power: Democracies allow appliances, or other goods on installment plans.
for peaceful transitions of power through regular This boosts consumer spending and supports various
elections. This prevents the concentration of power in industries. (1 Mark)
the hands of a few individuals or groups and promotes 28. Globalisation refers to the process of integration of
stability and continuity in governance. (1 Mark) economies and cultures across national boundaries.(1 Mark)
(iv) Accountability: Democratic governments are Role of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in promoting
accountable to the people. Elected representatives are globalisation process:
answerable to the citizens and can be held accountable (i) Multinational Corporations (MNCs) play a significant
for their actions. (1 Mark) role in promoting globalisation as they operate across
(v) Transparency: Democratic governments promote different countries and contribute to the growth of
transparency in decision-making processes, ensuring trade and commerce. (1 Mark)
that the public has access to information and can (ii) MNCs bring in new technologies, skills, and knowledge
participate in governance. (1 Mark) that can benefit the host country’s economy. (1 Mark)
(vi) Protection of Minority Rights: Democratic (iii) They also provide employment opportunities and
governments strive to protect the rights of minorities. contribute to the country’s GDP. (1 Mark)
They promote inclusivity, provide equal opportunities, (iv) However, MNCs have also been criticized for
and prevent discrimination based on race, religion, exploiting the resources of the host country and not
gender, or other factors. (1 Mark) contributing to the local economy in a meaningful
26. Out of the Syllabus way. (1 Mark)
400 SOCIAL SCIENCE

29. 30.
(C) Amritsar
(B) Champaran
(B) Durgapur
(Iron and Steel Plant)
[OS]
(A) Madras
(A) Ankleshwar
(Oil Field)
(C) Tuticorin
(Major Sea Port)
(3 Marks) (3 Marks)


(iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 8 are Very Short Answer Questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
(vi) Question number 29 and 30 are map questions of 3 marks each from History and Geography both. After completion, attach
the maps inside your answer-book.
1. Who remarked “when France sneezes the rest of Europe 10. What type of flag was designed during the ‘Swadeshi
catches cold.” (1 Mark) Movement’ in Bengal? Explain its main features.
OR (1 + 2 = 3 Marks)
Who were called colons in Vietnam? [OS] 11. “The plantation workers in Assam had their own
2. Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged? understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of
(1 Mark) Swaraj”. Support the statement with arguments.(3 Marks)
3. Distinguish between Pressure Groups and Political Parties 12. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material.
by stating any one point of distinction. [OS] (1 Mark) How are they different from each other? (3 Marks)
4. Why did India adopt multi-party system? (1 Mark) 13. ‘Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising
5. Name any two sectional interest groups. [OS] (1 Mark) all over the country. There is an urgent need to develop
6. Why do MNCs set up their offices and factories in those a sustainable path of energy development and energy
regions where they get cheap labour and other resources? saving’. Suggest and explain any three measures to solve
(1 Mark) this burning problem. (3 Marks)
7. If any damage is done to a consumer by a trader, under 14. Suggest any three steps to minimise the environmental
which consumer right can one move to consumer court to degradation caused by the industrial development in India.
get compensation. [OS] (1 Mark) (3 Marks)
8. Why is the supervision of the functioning of formal 15. What is meant by regional political party? State the
sources of loans necessary? (1 Mark) conditions required to be recognised as a ‘regional political
9. “The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship party’. (1 + 2 = 3 Marks)
in Europe”. Support the statement with arguments. 16. What are public interest pressure groups? Describe their
(3 Marks) functioning. [OS] (1 + 2 = 3 Marks)
OR 17. Which three challenges do you feel are being faced by
“The Ho Chi Minh Trail became advantageous to political parties in India? Give your opinion.(3 Marks)
Vietnamese in the war against U.S.” Support the statement 18. “Deposits with the banks are beneficial to the depositers as
with arguments.” [OS] well as to the nation.” Examine the statement.(3 Marks)
19. Why had the Indian government put barriers to foreign
trade and foreign investments after independence? Analyse
the reasons. (3 Marks)
(b)
20. “Rules and regulations are required for the protection of
the consumers in the market place.” Justify the statement
with arguments. [OS] (3 Marks)
21. “Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the
administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary
principles in order to make the whole system more rational
and efficient.” Analyse the statement with arguments.
(5 Marks)
OR (a)
(c)
“The peace negotiations in Geneva followed the division
of Vietnam that set in motion a series of events that turned
Vietnam into a battle field.” Analyse the statement with
arguments. [OS]
22. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to call off the Civil
Disobedience Movement? Explain. (5 Marks)
23. Explain the importance of conservation of minerals. the following with appropriate symbols:(3 Marks)
Highlight any three measures to conserve them. (5 Marks) (a) Oil Field Digboi
24. “Roadways still have an edge over railways in India.” (b) Iron and Steel Plant-Bhilai [OS]
Support the statement with arguments. (5 Marks) (c) Major Sea Port-Kochi
25. Describe the popular struggle of Bolivia. [OS] (5 marks)
26. “Political parties are a necessary condition for a democracy”.
Analyse the statement with examples. (5 Marks)
(a)
27. How can the formal sector loans be made beneficial for
poor farmers and workers? Suggest any five measures.
(5 Marks)
28. Describe the impact of Globalization on Indian economy
with examples. (5 × 1 = 5 Marks)
29. Three features (a), (b) and (c) are marked on the given
political outline map of India. Identify these features
with the help of the following information and write their
correct names on the lines marked in the map: (3 Marks)
(a) The place where cotton mill workers organised (b)
Satyagraha.
(b) The place related to the calling off the Non-Cooperation
Movement. (c)
(c) The place where the Indian National Congress Session
September 1920, was held.

EXPLANATIONS
1. The famous quote “when France sneezes, the rest of (ii) They also saw Swaraj as a means of achieving
Europe catches cold” was made by Metternich. (1 Mark) economic and social justice for themselves. To them,
OR Swaraj meant the right to control their own lives and
Out of the Syllabus resources, and to resist the exploitation and oppression
2. Burning cattle cake releases harmful pollutants and of their colonial masters. (1 Mark)
greenhouse gases, which contribute to air pollution and (iii) They used various forms of protest, such as strikes,
climate change. (1 Mark) demonstrations, and boycotts, to demand their rights
3. Out of the Syllabus and express their solidarity with the wider national
4. India adopted a multi-party system to promote democratic movement. (1 Mark)
values and ensure political representation for diverse 12. (i) Industries can be classified on the basis of the source
interests and opinions. (1 Mark) of raw material into two types: (1 Mark)
5. Out of the Syllabus (a) Agro-based industries, which use agricultural
raw materials such as crops, fruits, and vegetables
6. To reduce production costs and increase profit margins.
(b) Mineral-based industries, which use minerals
(1 Mark)
and ores extracted from mines
(ii) These industries differ from each other in terms of
8. To ensure fair, transparent and accountable lending practices.
the nature and availability of their raw materials, their
(1 Mark) geographical distribution, and their environmental
9. The decade of 1830 brought great economic hardship in impacts. (1 Mark)
Europe due to several reasons. (iii) For example, agro-based industries are typically
(i) There was a decline in agricultural productivity due to located in rural areas close to the source of raw
poor weather conditions and outbreaks of diseases. materials, while mineral-based industries are often
(1 Mark) located near mines and mineral deposits. (1 Mark)
(ii) There was a decline in demand for manufactured goods 13. To develop a sustainable path of energy development and
due to a recession in the global economy. (1 Mark) energy saving, the following measures can be suggested:
(iii) There was a rise in unemployment and poverty due (i) Promoting the use of renewable energy sources such
to the influx of displaced workers from rural areas as solar, wind, and hydro power. (1 Mark)
to urban centers. All these factors contributed to (ii) Encouraging energy conservation and efficiency
widespread economic hardship and social unrest in through public awareness campaigns. (1 Mark)
Europe during the 1830s. (1 Mark) (iii) Implementing policies and regulations that promote
OR sustainable energy practices and discourage wasteful
Out of the Syllabus and polluting ones. (1 Mark)
10. The flag designed during the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ in These measures can help reduce the consumption of energy
Bengal was a tricolor flag with horizontal bands of saffron, and promote the use of cleaner and more sustainable
white, and green. (1 Mark) sources of energy.
The main features of the flag were: 14. To minimize the environmental degradation caused by
(i) Saffron represented courage and sacrifice, White industrial development in India, the following step can be
represented purity and truth and Green represented taken: (Any three)
faith and chivalry. (1 Mark) (i) Pollution control norms: Implementing strict
(ii) The flag also had eight lotuses representing the eight environment regulations and monitoring mechanism
provinces of British-ruled India. The spinning wheel in to ensure that industries comply with pollution control
the center symbolized the importance of self-reliance norms. (1 Mark)
and self-sufficiency in the movement. (1 Mark) (ii) Use of green technology: Industries can use green
11. (i) Plantation workers in Assam had their own technologies that are less polluting. For example,
understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion industries can use renewable energy sources like solar
of Swaraj. They saw Gandhi as a leader who could and wind power. (1 Mark)
address their grievances and improve their living (iii) Treatment of effluents: Industries can treat their effluents
conditions. (1 Mark) before releasing them into the water bodies. (1 Mark)
404 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(iv) Awareness campaign: Raising awareness among (iii) The Indian government was committed to promoting
industries and the public about the environmental self-reliance and reducing dependence on foreign
protection can also minimize the environmental powers. This was seen as a way of promoting national
degradation caused by industrial development in India. sovereignty and independence. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) 20. Out of the Syllabus
15. A regional political party is a political party that operates 21. Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in
primarily within a specific region or state of a country. administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary
(1 Mark) principles in order to make the whole system more rational
Conditions required for a party to be recognized as a and efficient.
regional political party are: (i) All privileges based on birth were removed.(1 Mark)
(i) Secures at least six percent of the total votes in an
(ii) He had established equality before law. (1 Mark)
election to the Legislative Assembly of a state.(1 Mark)
(ii) Wins at least two seats in the Legislative Assembly. (iii) Right to property was given. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) (iv) Simplified administrative divisions were made.
16. Out of the Syllabus (1 Mark)
17. The three challenges faced by political parties in India are: (v) Feudal system was abolished and freed peasants from
(i) Lack of internal democracy: A small number serfdom and manorial dues. (1 Mark)
of people hold the majority of the power. In such OR
situations, a party’s other member are given no Out of Syllabus
consideration. Few members who have grown
22. (i) When Indian leaders were arrested, Peshawar’s streets
excessively powerful take charge of all decisions.
saw angry mobs protesting in front of armoured cars
(1 Mark)
and police firing. Many people died. (1 Mark)
(ii) Growing role of money and muscle power: The
(ii) A month after Gandhiji’s arrest, workers in the textile
influence of money and muscle power in election, which
industry attacked police stations, government offices,
can lead to corruption and unfair practices. (1 Mark)
courthouses, railway stations and any other buildings
(iii) Factionalism: Factionalism within the party, which
that served as symbols of British rule. (1 Mark)
can lead to a lack of unity and coordination.(1 Mark)
18. Deposits with banks are beneficial for both depositors and (iii) In response, a frightened government adopted a brutal
the nation in various ways. repressive strategy. Women and children were beaten,
(i) Depositors benefit by earning interest on their deposits, peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, and about 100,000
which provides a source of income and financial people were detained. (1 Mark)
security. (1 Mark) (iv) Lord Irwin invited Gandhiji to sign the Gandhi-Irwin
(ii) Banks, in turn, use these deposits to lend to businesses Pact in order to extend the deadline between the
and individuals, which promotes economic growth Congress and the government. (1 Mark)
and development. (1 Mark) (v) Gandhiji made the decision to halt the movement in
(iii) The nation also benefits from a stable and efficient light of this circumstance. (1 Mark)
banking system, which mobilizes savings, allocates 23. Importance of Conservation of minerals:
resources efficiently, and promotes financial stability (i) Mineral resources are being rapidly consumed which
and inclusion (1 Mark) takes millions of years to be created and concentrated.
19. The Indian government put barriers to foreign trade and
(1 Mark)
foreign investments after independence for several reasons.
(ii) Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable.
(i) India had just gained independence from British rule
and was still in the process of building its economy. (1 Mark)
The government believed that protecting domestic Three measures to conserve minerals are (Any three):
industries from foreign competition would help to (i) It should be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
promote their growth and development. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
(ii) India was a developing country with limited resources,
(ii) Promoting recycling and reuse of minerals, which reduces
and the government wanted to conserve these
the need for new mining and extraction. (1 Mark)
resources for domestic use. By restricting imports and
foreign investments, the government hoped to reduce (iii) Adopting efficient mining and processing techniques,
the outflow of foreign exchange and conserve scarce which minimize waste, energy consumption, and
resources. (1 Mark) environmental damage. (1 Mark)

(iv) Developing alternative sources of minerals, such as (v) For example, in India, political parties like the Indian
deep-sea mining, asteroid mining, and urban mining, National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party have played
which expand the resource base and reduce the pivotal roles in shaping the country’s political landscape,
dependence on finite and depleting reserves. (1 Mark) representing diverse interests and ideologies. (1 Mark)
These measures can help conserve minerals for future 27. The measures to make formal sector loans beneficial for
generations and mitigate the negative impacts of mining poor farmers and workers are as follows:
on the environment and society. (i) The formal sector like, banks and cooperatives should
24. Roadways still have an edge over railways in India due to lend more to poor people and workers, particularly in
the following arguments: rural areas. (1 Mark)
(ii) The formal sector should provide cheap and affordable
(i) Connectivity: Roadways provide better connectivity
credit. (1 Mark)
to remote areas, villages, and towns where railways
(iii) The formal sector should ensure that everyone receives
may not have reached yet. This ensures that people
loans. (1 Mark)
in these areas have access to transportation and can
easily travel for work, education, and other purposes. (iv) Providing Self Help Group (SHG) bank linkage.
(1 Mark)
(1 Mark)
(v) There should be more number of cooperatives and
(ii) Accessibility: Roadways are more accessible as they banks in rural areas. (1 Mark)
have a wider network of routes. They allow for door- 28. Globalization has had a significant impact on the Indian
to-door transportation, making it easier for individuals economy:
to travel directly to their destinations without the need (i) Increased Foreign Trade: Globalization has led
for additional transportation modes. (1 Mark) to an increase in foreign trade, both exports and
(iii) Cost-effectiveness: In many cases, road travel is imports. Indian businesses have expanded their reach
more cost-effective for shorter distances. Railways to international markets, leading to a growth in exports
may require additional transportation from the railway such as textiles, software services, and pharmaceuticals.
station to the final destination, which adds to the overall For instance, the software industry, with companies
cost. Roadways eliminate this additional cost. (1 Mark) like Infosys and TCS, has become a major contributor
(iv) Freight Transportation: Roadways are preferred to India’s foreign exchange earnings. (1 Mark)
for the transportation of goods and freight due to their (ii) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Globalization has
flexibility and reach. Trucks and other vehicles can attracted foreign investment into India, contributing
transport goods directly to their destination, making it more to economic growth. For example, multinational
convenient for businesses and industries. (1 Mark) corporations like Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, and Nokia
(v) Last-mile Connectivity: Roadways offer better last- have established a presence in India, creating job
mile connectivity as compared to railways. They opportunities and boosting local economies. (1 Mark)
provide flexibility in terms of reaching specific (iii) Technological Advancements: Globalization has
destinations as roads can be constructed to connect facilitated the transfer of technology and knowledge.
even the most remote areas. (1 Mark) Indian industries have adopted advanced techniques
25. Out of the Syllabus and processes, leading to improved productivity and
26. Political parties are the necessary condition for a democracy quality. The Green Revolution in agriculture, driven by
because: the adoption of high-yielding crop varieties and modern
farming techniques, is an example of technological
(i) A democratic societies are not possible without
advancement due to globalization. (1 Mark)
political parties. They provide a means of
(iv) Cultural Exchange: Globalization has resulted in
representation, participation, and accountability for
the exchange of cultural ideas and practices. Western
citizens. (1 Mark)
fashion, music, and lifestyle trends have become
(ii) They allow citizens to express their preferences and popular among Indian youth. Similarly, Indian cuisine
interests, and to compete for power and influence and festivals like Diwali have gained international
through peaceful and democratic means. (1 Mark) recognition and acceptance. (1 Mark)
(iii) Political parties hold the government accountable (v) Employment Opportunities: Globalization has led
for its actions and policies. They act as a check and to the growth of sectors like information technology
balance, ensuring that the government functions in the (IT) and business process outsourcing (BPO), creating
best interest of the people. (1 Mark) job opportunities for educated youth. Many Indians
(iv) Opposition parties critically analyze government now work in call centers, software development, and
decisions and provide alternative viewpoints.(1 Mark) other IT-related fields. (1 Mark)
406 SOCIAL SCIENCE

29. 30.
(b) Chauri-Chaura (a) Oil Field: Digbol
(c) Calcutta (b) Iron & Steel Plant: Bhilai [OS]

(Kolkata)
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Major Sea Port: Kochi
(3 Marks) (3 Marks)

Term-I

(ii) Marks for each question are indicated against the question.
(iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 8 carries 1 mark each.
(vi) Question number 29 and 30 are of History and Geography map question of 3 marks each.
(vii) After completion, attach the filled up map inside your answer-book.
1. (a) Who invented printing press and when? (1 Mark) 10. The silk routes are a good example of trade and cultural
OR link between distant parts of the world. Explain with
examples. (3 Marks)
(b) What is referred to as “Kissa-goi”? [OS]
OR
2. What is the position of India, in the world, in terms of Why were there clashes between the weavers and the
sugarcane production? (1 Mark) Gomasthas? Explain.
3. Give one point to differentiate between Civil Rights OR
Movement and Black Power Movement. [OS] (1 Mark) Why did people of London call iron underground railway
4. What is another popular name of Rural local government ‘the monster’. Give any three reasons. [OS]
in India? (1 Mark) 11. Give any three reasons for the enhancement of literacy in the
5. What is meant by Majoritarianism? (1 Mark) 17th and 18th centuries in most parts of Europe. (3 Marks)
OR
6. If there are four members in a family and their total income
“Premchand’s novels are filled with powerful characters
is Rs.20,000/- what would be the average income of each
from all levels of society.” Justify the statement. [OS]
person? (1 Mark)
12. Why did British government curb the freedom of the
7. Which sector helps in the development of the primary and Indian press after the revolt of 1857? (3 Marks)
secondary sectors? (1 Mark) OR
8. Define secondary sector. (1 Mark) How were the concerns of Oriyan Society depicted in the
9. “The multinational companies (MNCs) choose China Oriyan novels of 19th century? Explain. [OS]
as an alternative location for investment?” Explain the 13. Why has the land under forests not increased much from
statement. (3 Marks) 1960-61? (3 Marks)
OR 14. Describe the Project Tiger launched by the Indian
government. [OS] (3 Marks)
Highlight any three benefits of industrialization on the
15. Why is the rooftop rainwater harvesting the most common
society.
practice in Shillong inspite of the fact that Cherrapunjee
OR and Mawsynram receiving highest rainfall in the world are
What led to the expansion of population in Bombay in the situated only at a distance of 55 kms from there? Explain.
mid 19th century? Give any three reasons. [OS] (3 Marks)
16. Which features of Panchayati Raj do you like the most
and why? Explain. (3 Marks)
17. Why do social differences emerge in a society? Does (C)
every social difference lead to social division? Explain (B)
your answer with the help of an example. (3 Marks)
18. Explain any three forms of power sharing among different
organs of government in India. (3 Marks)
19. Explain common, different and conflicting goals by giving
suitable examples. (3 Marks)
20. Explain the problem of underemployment in the service
sector in urban areas with examples. (3 Marks)
21. Describe the factors that led to the Great Depression of
1929. (5 Marks)
OR
How did cotton factories become an intimate part of the
English landscape in the early 19th century? Explain.
(A)
OR
Explain the changes in the work available to women in
London during 19th and 20th century. [OS]
22. Why did the Roman Catholic Church begin keeping an
Index of Prohibited Books from the mid 16th century?
Explain by giving five reasons. (5 Marks) 30. On the given political outline map of India locate and label
OR the following with appropriate symbols: (3 Marks)
Assess the involvement of women in the growth of novels A. Ankleshwar - Oil field
in 18th century and give two examples of it. [OS]
23. “The declining share of agriculture in the Gross Domestic B. Durgapur - Iron and steel plant
Product (G.D.P.) is a matter of serious concern in India.” C. Tuticorin - Major seaport
Support the statement with any five reasons. (5 Marks)
24. What is bio-diversity? Why is bio-diversity important for
human lives? Analyse. [OS] (5 Marks)
25. Why has federalism succeeded in India? Which three
policies adopted by India have ensured this success?
(5 Marks)
26. Mention any five socio-economic changes responsible for
breaking down the old notion of caste hierarchy in India.
(5 Marks)
27. Show two ways in which industrial pollution degrades
the environment? Suggest three measures to control
environmental degradation. (5 Marks)
28. Explain any five features of the Tertiary sector.(5 Marks)
on the lines marked in the map. (3 Marks)
A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session
was held.
B. The place associated with peasant’s satyagraha.
C. The city associated with the Jallianwala Bagh incident.

EXPLANATIONS
1. (a) In the year 1430, Johannes Gutenberg created the (i) Historians have identified several silk routes, over
printing press. (1 Mark) land and sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia
OR and linking Asia with Europe and Northern Africa.
(b) Out of the Syllabus (1 Mark)
(ii) Chinese pottery travelled the same route, as did
2. In terms of sugarcane production, India is ranked second
textiles and spices from India. (1 Mark)
worldwide. (1 Mark)
(iii) Precious metals like gold and silver flowed from
Europe to Asia. (1 Mark)
4. Panchayati Raj system is another name for rural local (iv) Buddhism emerged from India and spread in several
government in India. (1 Mark) directions through intersecting points on the silk route.
5. Majoritarianism is the belief of the majority community (1 Mark)
that they should be able to rule a country however they OR
please by disobeying the wishes of the minority.(1 Mark) Clashes between the weavers and the Gomasthas can be
6. Average Income = Total income/No. of members explained as follows:
20000/4 = 5000. (1 Mark) (i) Because the new Gomasthas were outsiders with
7. Tertiary sector helps in the development of the primary no long-term social ties to the village, they acted
and secondary sector. (1 Mark) arrogantly, marched into villages with sepoys and
8. It is the sector which is engaged in the manufacturing peons, and punished weavers for supply delays.
Earlier merchants had frequently lived within the
of goods from the raw material provided by the primary
weaving village and had a close relationship with the
sector. (1 Mark)
weavers, taking care of their needs. (1½ Marks)
9. The multinational companies (MNCs) choose China as an
(ii) The weavers lost the ability to haggle over prices and
alternative location for investment because- sell to various customers; the price they were offered
(i) Following the revolution in 1949, China gradually by the business was pitifully low. (1½ Marks)
delved into the world economy. It encouraged foreign OR
MNCs to make investments in China’s economy. Out of the Syllabus
(1 Mark) 11. Three reasons for the enhancement of literacy in the
(ii) China has the largest population in the world, and 17th and 18th century in most of the parts of Europe were:
in addition to providing labour, they have a sizable (i) Different denominations of churches were established,
consumer base. (1 Mark) and schools in villages started teaching literacy to
(iii) Pay in China was generally underwhelming. Therefore, peasants, craftspeople, etc. (1 Mark)
it was a huge draw for MNCs. (1 Mark) (ii) Some regions of Europe experienced literacy rates as
OR high as 60 to 80% by the end of the 18th century.
Three benefits of Industrialization on the society are as (1 Mark)
follows (iii) There was practically a reading mania as literacy and
schools proliferated in European nations. (1 Mark)
(i) New train stations, longer rail lines, and tunnels were
OR
constructed. (1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus
(ii) Cities saw an increase in building activity, which gave
12. The British government curbed the freedom of the
young people more employment options. (1 Mark)
Indian press after the revolt of 1857 because the attitude
(iii) To improve transport facilities, roads were widened. to freedom of the press changed. Enraged Englishmen
(1 Mark) demanded a clampdown on the ‘native’ press. As
OR vernacular newspapers became assertively nationalist,
Out of the Syllabus the colonial government began debating measures for
10. The silk routes are a good examples of trade and cultural stringent control. (3 Marks)
link between distant parts of the world, it can be explained OR
as follows: (Any three) Out of the Syllabus
410 SOCIAL SCIENCE

13. (i) According to the data for 2002-03, about 54% of the 19. The development goals may be common, different or
total land area is cultivable or fallow, 22.5% is covered conflicting.
by forests and 3.5% is used for grazing. The rest is (i) Common goals: There are some needs that everyone
waste land, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation. shares, such as money, freedom, equality, security,
(1 Mark) respect, and friendship, among others. (1 Mark)
(ii) The improper use of forest land has degraded the (ii) Different goals: Every person has a different
available land area and has made conservation of definition of what development and progress mean
forests difficult. (1 Mark) to them. Every person has their own conception of
development. (1 Mark)
(iii) Human activities such as deforestation, mining and
For instance: Youth employment and irrigation for

quarrying have contributed to the slow growth rate of
farmers.
forests. Thus, land under forest has increased by only
about 4% since 1960-61. (1 Mark) (iii) Conflicting goals: It is possible for development for
some to turn into destruction for others. (1 Mark)
20. In urban areas, there is a problem with underemployment
15. Even though Cherrapunjee and Mawsynram, which in the service sector or tertiary sector. There are thousands
receive the highest rainfall in the world, are only 55 km of temporary employees looking for daily employment in
from Shillong, roof top rainwater harvesting is still the the service sector. For instance, petty workers, painters,
most popular practice there. Despite being very close to street vendors, rickshaw drivers, and other individuals who
the region with the highest rainfall in the world, Shillong are underemployed due to a lack of better employment
has a severe water shortage. In the city, almost every home opportunities. (3 Marks)
has a rooftop rainwater collection system. Rooftop water
21. The Great Depression of 1929 was caused by several
harvesting provides roughly 15–25% of the household’s
factors, including:
total water needs. (3 Marks)
(i) Stock market speculation and overproduction of
16. The Panchayati Raj system has a lot of features. The fact goods, which led to a collapse in prices and demand
that there are seats designated for women, however, is the (1 Mark)
feature I like the most. Women are given about one-third
(ii) High levels of debt and credit, which made the
of the seats in rural local bodies. In my opinion, it is a
economy vulnerable to shocks and defaults.(1 Mark)
revolutionary move that promotes women’s empowerment
(iii) Protectionist trade policies and tariffs, which reduced
and develops leadership skills in Indian women, who make
international trade and investment.(1 Mark)
up nearly half of the nation’s population. (3 Marks)
(iv) Agricultural distress and rural poverty, which reduced
17. Social differences emerge in a society when people
purchasing power and consumption.(1 Mark)
belonging to different social groups share differences and
(v) Banking and financial failures, which caused a loss of
similarities across the boundaries of their groups. Every
confidence and trust in the system.(1 Mark)
social difference does not lead to social division. Social
differences may divide similar people but can also unite These factors combined to create a vicious cycle of falling
very different people such as Carlos and Smith who came demand, production, and employment, which led to a
together to fight social evils practiced in the society. severe and prolonged economic downturn.
OR
(3 Marks)
Cotton factories became an intimate part of the English
18. Power sharing can take the following forms:
landscape in the early 19th century due to several reasons,
(i) Horizontal power sharing, such as legislative, including:
executive, and judicial. (1 Mark) (i) The availability of cheap and abundant cotton from
(ii) Vertical power sharing, such as between the federal India and America, which fueled the growth of the
and state governments. (1 Mark) textile industry. (1 Mark)
(iii) Power sharing among political parties, activist (ii) The development of new technologies, such as
movements, and interest groups, such as the colonial spinning frames and power looms, which increased
government. (1 Mark) efficiency and productivity. (1 Mark)

(iii) The availability of capital and credit, which (iv) The impact of climate change and natural disasters,
encouraged investment and expansion. (1 Mark) which has made agriculture more vulnerable and risky
(iv) The growth of transportation networks, such as canals (1 Mark)
and railways, which facilitated the movement of (v) The neglect of rural infrastructure and services, such as
goods and people. (1 Mark) irrigation, credit, and marketing, which has hampered
(v) The availability of labor, especially women and the growth and competitiveness of agriculture
children, who were willing to work long hours for low (1 Mark)
wages in the factories. (1 Mark) 24. Out of the Syllabus
OR 25. Federalism has succeeded in India due to several reasons,
Out of the Syllabus including:
22. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of (i) The accommodation of regional and linguistic
Prohibited Books from the mid-16th century due to several diversity through devolution of power and autonomy
reasons, including: to the States, which has strengthened the unity and
diversity of the country (1 Mark)
(i) The rise of Protestantism and the challenge to
(ii) The promotion of decentralization, democracy, and
Catholic orthodoxy, which led to a need to control the
participation, which has enabled citizens to have a
dissemination of ideas and information. (1 Mark)
greater say in the governance and development of
(ii) The fear of heresy and blasphemy, which led to a desire their regions (1 Mark)
to suppress and censor books that were considered
(iii) The protection of minority rights and interests through
dangerous or offensive. (1 Mark)
constitutional provisions and affirmative action,
(iii) The desire to protect the faith and morals of Catholics, which has ensured social justice and equity (1 Mark)
especially in the face of secular and humanistic ideas. (iv) The promotion of cooperative and collaborative
(1 Mark) federalism, which has encouraged cooperation and
(iv) The desire to maintain the authority and power of the coordination between the Union and the States on a
Church, especially in the face of political and social range of issues (1 Mark)
upheavals. (1 Mark) (v) The role of independent institutions, such as
(v) The desire to promote a unified and homogeneous the judiciary, the Election Commission, and the
Catholic culture, which was seen as essential for the Comptroller and Auditor General, which have ensured
spiritual and social well-being of Catholics. accountability and transparency in the functioning of
(1 Mark) the federal system (1 Mark)
OR 26. The old notion of caste hierarchy in India was broken
down by several socio-economic changes, including:
Out of the Syllabus
(i) The spread of education and literacy, which enabled
23. The declining share of agriculture in the Gross Domestic
people to question and challenge traditional beliefs
Product (G.D.P) is a matter of serious concern in India due
and practices (1 Mark)
to several reasons, including:
(ii) The growth of urbanization and industrialization,
(i) The dependence of a large population on agriculture which created new opportunities for mobility and
for livelihood and income, which means that any social change (1 Mark)
decline in the sector can have far-reaching social and
(iii) The influence of social and political movements, such
economic consequences (1 Mark)
as the anti-caste movement, which sought to promote
(ii) The declining productivity and profitability of equality and justice (1 Mark)
agriculture, which has led to a decline in investment (iv) The impact of modernization and globalization, which
and innovation in the sector (1 Mark) created new aspirations and challenges for people
(iii) The fragmentation and small size of land holdings, from different castes and communities (1 Mark)
which makes it difficult for farmers to adopt modern (v) The role of the Constitution and the legal system,
techniques and technologies and achieve economies which provided a framework for the protection of
of scale (1 Mark) individual rights and freedoms (1 Mark)
412 SOCIAL SCIENCE

27. Industrial pollution degrades the environment in two ways: 29.
(i) Air pollution: Industrial activities such as burning (C) Amritsar
fossil fuels and emissions from factories contribute to (B) Champaran
air pollution, which can cause respiratory problems,
acid rain, and climate change. (1 Mark)
(ii) Water pollution: Industries release chemicals
and waste into water bodies, which can lead to
contamination of water sources, harm aquatic life, and
affect human health. (1 Mark)
To control environmental degradation, some measures that
can be taken are: (Any three)
(i) Implementing stricter regulations on industrial
emissions and waste disposal. (1 Mark)
(ii) Encouraging the use of cleaner technologies and
(A) Madras
renewable energy sources. (1 Mark)
(iii) Promoting recycling and waste reduction practices in
industries. (1 Mark)
(iv) Encouraging public transport and reducing dependence
on private vehicles. (1 Mark) (3 Marks)
(v) Raising awareness among industries and the public 30.
about the importance of environmental protection.
(1 Mark)
28. The Tertiary sector is characterized by the following
features:
(i) It includes activities related to the provision of
services, such as education, healthcare, banking,
tourism, and information technology. (1 Mark)
(ii) It is the largest and fastest-growing sector of the
economy in many countries, including India.(1 Mark)
(iii) It is highly diversified and heterogeneous, with a wide
range of occupations and professions. (1 Mark) (B) Durgapur- Iron
and Steel Plant
(iv) It is characterized by high level of skills and knowledge (A)
as well as high level of customer interaction and Ankleshwar-
customization. (1 Mark) Oil Field
(v) It is closely linked to other sectors of the economy,

(C) Tuticorin-
such as agriculture, manufacturing, and construction, Major Seaport
and plays an important role in supporting their growth
and development. (1 Mark) (3 Marks)

DELHI Term-II

1. What was the major change that occurred in the political 11. “The Congress was reluctant to include the demands of
and constitutional scenario due to French Revolution in industrial workers in its programme of struggle.” Analyse
Europe? (1 Mark) the reasons. (3 Marks)
OR 12. How is the mining activity injurious to health of the miners
How was the marine silk route useful for Vietnam? [OS] and environment? Explain. (3 Marks)
2. Which rock consists of single mineral only? (1 Mark) 13. Explain with examples, how do industries give boost to
3. Who dissolved the popularly elected parliament in the agriculture sector? (3 Marks)
February 2005, in Nepal? [OS] (1 Mark) 14. In the present day of energy crisis, what steps will you like
4. What was the main role of ‘FEDECOR’ organisation in to take for saving energy? (3 Marks)
Bolivia? [OS] (1 Mark) 15. “The struggle of the Nepali people is a source of inspiration
5. If all the decisions of a political party. are made by a single to democrats all over the world.” Support the statement.
family and all other members are neglected, than what [OS] (3 Marks)
challenge is being faced by that party? (1 Mark) 16. What is a multi-party system? Why has India adopted a
6. What is the meaning of ‘barter system’? (1 Mark) multi-party system? Explain. (3 Marks)
7. Why had the Indian Government put barrier to foreign 17. “Lack of internal democracy within parties is the major
trade and foreign investment after independence? State challenge to political parties all over the world.” Analyse
any one reason. (1 Mark) the statement. (3 Marks)
8. Which logo would you like to see for purchasing electrical 18. Describe the conditions in which markets do not work in a
goods? [OS] (1 Mark) fair manner. [OS] (3 Marks)
9. Describe the events of French Revolution which had 19. In recent years, how our markets have been transformed?
influenced the people belonging to other parts of Europe. Explain with examples. (3 Marks)
(3 Marks) 20. Why is it necessary for the banks and cooperative societies
OR to increase their lending facilities in rural areas? Explain.
Describe the major protest erupted in Saigon Native Girls (3 Marks)
School in 1926, in Vietnam. [OS] 21. Describe the process of unification of Germany.(5 Marks)
10. Why did Mahatma Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide OR
Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act? Explain any Describe the major problems in the field of education for
three reasons. (3 Marks) the French in Vietnam. [OS]
22. “Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that
they are all part of the same nation.” Support the statement.
(5 Marks)
23. Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? (B) (C)
Explain any three methods to conserve them. (5 Marks)
24. Analyse the physiographic and economic factors that have
influenced the distribution pattern of the railway network
is our country. (5 Marks)
25. Describe any five major functions of Political parties.
(5 Marks)
(A)
26. How do pressure groups and movements exert influence
on politics? Explain with examples. [OS] (5 Marks)
27. How are multinational corporations (MNCs) controlling
and spreading their productions across the world? Explain.
(5 Marks)
28. How do the large companies manipulate the market?
29. Three features A, B and C are mark the political outline
map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
following information and write their correct names on the 30. (a) One the given political outline map of India. Identify
lines marked on the map: (3 Marks) the features with the help of the following information:
A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session (3 Marks)
was held in 1920. (i) Iron-ore mine
B. The city where the Jallianwala Bagh incident occurred. (ii) Terminal station of North-South Corridor [OS]
C. The place where the peasants struggled against the (b) On the same map locate and label the following:
indigo plantation system. Gandhinagar Software Technology Park.
EXPLANATIONS
1. The end of the absolute monarchy and the transfer of 7. This was done to protect the producers within the country
sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of the French from foreign competition. To protect the Indian economy
people were the major changes that occurred in the from foreign infiltration in industries affecting the
political and constitutional scenario as a result of the economic growth of the country as planned. (1 Mark)
French Revolution in Europe. (1 Mark) 8. Out of the Syllabus
OR 9. The following were some of the French Revolution’s
Out of the Syllabus events that had an impact on people in other parts of
2. The main component of rocks like limestone and quartzite Europe:
is one mineral. (1 Mark) (i) Students and other educated middle-class people
3. Out of the Syllabus started forming Jacobin clubs. (1 Mark)
4. Out of the Syllabus (ii) They paved the way for the French armies with their
actions and campaigns. (1 Mark)
5. Dynastic politics is a problem for a political party if all of
its decisions are made by a single family while all other (iii) The idea of nationalism was spread abroad by the
members are neglected. (1 Mark) French armies. As a result, a sense of group identity
was created. (1 Mark)
6. When goods or services are directly exchanged for one
another without the use of a medium of exchange like OR
money, this is known as bartering. (1 Mark) Out of the Syllabus

10. (i) Government officials passed the Rowlatt Act in March 15. Out of the Syllabus
1919. The government gave this Act the go-ahead to 16. We refer to a situation as a multi-party system if there are
jail someone without a trial or conviction. Thus, the multiple parties competing for regulate and more than
Act severely restricted Indian citizens’ civil liberties two of them have a possible chance of winning, either
in the name of reducing terrorist violence. (1 Mark) independently or through an alliance. (1½ Marks)
(ii) The British government adopted the openly For the following reasons, India adopted a multi-party
undemocratic Rowlatt Act. (1 Mark) system: (1½ Marks)
(iii) It authorised the three-year detention of Indian (i) Social and geographic diversity.
political leaders without charge or trial. The law was (ii) India is such a big country that it is difficult for two or
enacted in a dictatorship without taking into account three parties to take it all in.
the views of the Indian people who would be impacted (iii) The system makes political representation possible for
by it. (1 Mark) a range of interests and viewpoints.
11. The Congress was reluctant to include the demands of 17. (i) Political parties all over the world have a tendency
industrial workers in its programme of struggle: to concentrate power in the hands of one or a small
(i) The industrialists came closer to the Congress but the number of leaders at the top. (1 Mark)
workers stayed aloof. (1 Mark) (ii) Parties don’t regularly hold organisational meetings,
(ii) Congress felt this would alienate industrialists. maintain membership registers, or hold internal
(1 Mark) elections. (1 Mark)
(iii) It would divide its anti-imperial forces. (1 Mark) (iii) The general membership of the party does not receive
12. Mining is injurious to miners and environment because: enough information about what takes place within
the party. They lack the resources and connections
(i) The dust and toxic fumes from the mining areas can
necessary to sway the outcomes. The leaders
cause pulmonary diseases for those inhaling them,
consequently assume more authority to make choices
mining is harmful to miners and the environment.
on behalf of the party. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark)
(ii) There is a constant danger of fires, flooding, and 19. The following market changes have taken place:(Any three)
collapsing mine roofs in the region. (1 Mark)
(3 Marks)
(iii) Mining and waste disposal in the area pollute the local
(i) The production is organised in increasingly complex
water supplies. (1 Mark)
ways as a result of the fact that the goods and services
13. Manufacturing industries give major boost to agriculture are produced globally.
in the following ways.
(ii) A widely dispersed production’s locations are
(i) By creating jobs in the secondary and tertiary becoming more connected.
sectors, manufacturing industries not only assist in
(iii) International trade has led to the integration or linking
modernising agriculture but also lessen the reliance of
of markets in various nations.
people on agricultural income. (1 Mark)
(iv) International trade in goods, services, capital, and
(ii) Agriculture’s productivity is raised by agro industries. technology is growing.
They are reliant on agricultural industry for their raw
(v) The cost of shipping goods over long distances has
materials. (1 Mark)
decreased thanks to technology.
(iii) The businesses supply the farmers with items like
20. People can get low-cost loans with the aid of cooperatives
irrigation pumps, fertiliser, insecticides, pesticides,
and banks. This will assist people in raising crops,
machinery, and tools. Thus, the manufacturing sectors
conducting business, setting up small-scale industries,
improve the effectiveness of the production process.
or trading goods, as well as indirectly aiding in the
(1 Mark)
development of the nation. (1 Mark)
14. The following steps can be undertaken for saving energy:
They should to do this
(i) Stop cutting down trees and start planting new ones.
(i) To prevent relatively poor people from having to rely
(1 Mark) on trustworthy credit sources. (1 Mark)
(ii) Practise resource reuse and recycling. (1 Mark) (ii) Loans to the formal sector must increase. Additionally,
(iii) Use as little water as possible and engage in rainwater it is essential that everyone receive these loans.
collection. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
416 SOCIAL SCIENCE

21. (i) Middle class Germans had strong nationalist (ii) To enable the use of low grade ore at a low cost,
sentiments, and in 1848 they attempted to merge improved technology must constantly advance.
the various German confederation regions into one (iii) Metal recycling using scrap metal.
nation-state ruled by an elected parliament. (1 Mark)
24. Physiographic, economic, and administrative factors have
(ii) The monarchy and military, with the help of the had a significant impact on the distribution pattern of the
powerful landowners known as the Prussian Junkers, railway network in the nation: (2½ Marks)
suppressed this liberal effort at nation-building. From
(i) The northern plains, with their sizable tracts of level land,
that point forward, Prussia assumed control of the
dense populations, and abundant agricultural resources,
effort to unite the country. (1 Mark)
offered the best conditions for their development.
(iii) The Prussian leader Otto von Bismarck was the
(ii) There were some challenges caused by the large
mastermind behind the unification of Germany. He
number of rivers that needed bridges built across their
accomplished this with the aid of the Prussian military
wide beds.
and government. (1 Mark)
(iii) In the peninsular region’s hilly terrain, railway
(iv) Three wars with Austria, Denmark, and France over a
stretches are built through small hills, gaps, or tunnels.
period of seven years were ultimately won by Prussia,
completing the unification process. (1 Mark) Several economic variables that influence the distribution
of railroads are listed below: (2½ Marks)
(v) William I, King of Prussia, was crowned German
Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January (i) State funding is essential to the growth of railways
1871. (1 Mark) throughout the world.
OR (ii) States with laws encourage the expansion of railroads.
Out of the Syllabus 25. Major functions of Political Parties are: (Any five)
22. When people start to feel like they are all a part of the same (5 Marks)
nation, nationalism begins to spread. The experience of (i) Elections are contested by parties .
shared struggles contributed to the sense of group identity. (ii) They propose programmes and policies.
(5 Marks) (iii) Parties are crucial in the creation of laws.
(i) Collective struggle: The Indians’ collective struggle (iv) Parties create and control governments.
against the British was the most significant factor in
(v) Election-losing parties take on the role of the
igniting their sense of nationalism.
opposition to the ruling parties.
(ii) Cultural processes: Nationalism also sparked
(vi) Parties influence public opinion.
people’s interest through a range of cultural processes.
Nationalism was shaped by history, fiction, folklore, (vii) Parties give people access to the institutions of
songs, popular art, and symbols, among other things. government and welfare programmes.
(iii) The Leaders’ Position Nationalism was sparked by 26. Out of the Syllabus
leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru 27. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) typically locate
through their political campaigns and motivational production close to the markets, where skilled and
speeches. The spread of nationalism is therefore unskilled labour is inexpensively available, and where
deduced from the belief that they were all part of same the availability of other production factors is guaranteed.
nation. MNCs may search for government initiatives that advance
23. Reason for Conservation: (2½ Marks) their interests. (2½ Marks)
(i) The strong reliance of industry and agriculture on MNCs erected factories and offices for production
minerals. after ensuring these conditions. They occasionally set
up production in collaboration with some of the local
(ii) The formation of minerals occurs gradually.
businesses in these nations. These local businesses receive
(iii) They are non-renewable.
funding from them for new investments like the purchase
Methods for conserving: (2½ Marks) of machinery for increased production. They also acquire
(i) It is important to use minerals in a planned and local businesses, which they use to boost production. MNCs
sustainable way. with enormous wealth can easily do this. (2½ Marks)

28. Large companies can manipulate the market through 29.
various strategies and practices that give them an unfair
advantage over competitors. Here are some ways large
companies manipulate the market, along with examples:
(B) Amritsar
(i) Predatory Pricing: Large companies may engage (C) Champaran
in predatory pricing, where they intentionally set
prices below their production costs to drive smaller
competitors out of the market. Once the competitors
are eliminated, the dominant company can raise prices
and enjoy a near-monopoly position. For example, a
large retail chain might temporarily lower the prices
of certain products to attract customers and force (A)
smaller local stores to close down. (1 Mark) Nagpur
(ii) Exclusive Contracts: Large companies may enter
into exclusive contracts with suppliers or distributors,
preventing competitors from accessing essential resources
or distribution channels. This strategy restricts market
access for smaller players. For instance, a dominant
mobile phone manufacturer may sign exclusive
contracts with specific retailers, limiting the availability
of competitors’ products in those stores. (1 Mark)
(iii) Vertical Integration: Large companies may
vertically integrate their operations, acquiring (3 Marks)
businesses at different stages of the supply chain. This 30.
can create barriers for other players trying to enter
the market, as the dominant company controls key (a) (ii) Srinagar [OS]
aspects of production and distribution. For example,
a large agricultural company may acquire farms,
processing plants, and distribution channels, making
it challenging for new entrants to compete. (1 Mark)
(iv) Dumping: Large companies may engage in dumping,
where they export products to other countries at below-
market prices, often below production costs. This can
harm local industries in the importing country, as they
struggle to compete with the artificially low prices.
For example, a large steel company might sell steel at
lower prices in foreign markets to gain market share
(b)
and weaken local steel industries. (1 Mark) Gandhi nagar
(v) Advertising and Branding: Large companies often Software
Technology Park (a) (i) Kudremukh
spend heavily on advertising and branding, creating
strong brand recognition and loyalty. This can make it
difficult for smaller competitors with limited resources
to gain visibility and compete effectively. For example,
a well-known soft drink brand’s extensive advertising
campaigns can make it challenging for smaller soda
manufacturers to attract customers. (1 Mark) (3 Marks)
418 SOCIAL SCIENCE


1. What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries? 10. Describe the main features of ‘Poona Pact’. (3 Marks)
(1 Mark) 11. How did ‘Salt March’ become an effective tool of resistance
against colonialism? (3 Marks)
OR
12. Explain the importance of railways as the principal mode
What is the meaning of concentration camps? [OS] of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
2. How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks? (1 Mark) (3 Marks)
3. What was the main aim of the popular movement of April 13. Why has the ‘Chhota Nagpur plateau region’ the maximum
2006, in Nepal? [OS] (1 Mark) concentration of iron and steel industries? Analyse the
4. How can you say that democracies are based on political reasons. [OS] (3 Marks)
equality? (1 Mark) 14. How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some
extent in India? Give your opinion. (3 Marks)
5. Why do political parties involve partisanship? (1 Mark)
15. “Dynastic succession is one of the most serious challenges
6. What is meant by Double Coincidence of wants?
before the political parties.” Analyse the statement. [OS]
(1 Mark) (3 Marks)
7. Suppose your parents want to purchase Gold jewellery 16. How is democracy accountable and responsive to the needs
along with you; then which logo will you look for on the and expectations of the citizens? Analyse. (3 Marks)
jewellery? [OS] (1 Mark) 17. “A challenge is an opportunity for progress.” Support the
8. How does money act as a medium of exchange? statement with your arguments. [OS] (3 Marks)
(1 Mark) 18. Why is modern currency accepted as a medium of
exchange without any use of its own? Find out the reason.
9. How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe?
(3 Marks)
Explain. (3 Marks)
19. “Foreign trade integrates the different countries.” Support
OR the statement with arguments. (3 Marks)
How did Paul Bernard argue in favour of economic 20. Explain with an example how you can use the right to seek
development of Vietnam? Explain. [OS] redressal. [OS] (3 Marks)
21. Describe any five steps taken by the French Revolutionaries
to create a sense of collective identity among the French
people. (5 Marks)
OR (C)
Describe any five steps taken by the French for the
development of the ‘Mekong Delta Region’. [OS]
22. What were the attitudes of the Indian merchants and the
industrialists toward the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(5 Marks)
23. What is the manufacturing sector? Why is it considered the
backbone of development? Interpret the reasons.(5 Marks)
24. Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India?
Assess the importance of its different forms. (5 Marks)
(B)
25. What is meant by a political party? Describe the three
components of a political party. (5 Marks)
26. Suggest five effective measures to reform political parties. (A)
(5 Marks)
27. How do banks play an important role in the economy of
India? Explain. (5 Marks)
28. “Globalization and greater competition among producers
has been advantageous to consumers. Support the statement
with examples. (5 Marks) 30. (i)
Two features A and B are marked on the given
political outline map of India. Identify these features
with the help of the following information and write
their correct names of the lines marked in the map:
of the following information and write their correct name
on the lines marked in the map: (3 Marks) (3 Marks)
A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session A. Iron-ore mine
was held in 1927. B. Terminal Station of East-West Corridor [OS]
B. The place associated with the Peasant’s Satyagraha. (ii) On the same political outline map of India, locate and
C. The place relate to calling off the Non-Cooperation label the following:
Movement. Vishakhapatnam – Software Technology Park. [OS]
EXPLANATIONS
1. The French Revolutionaries were trying to overthrow the 5. Parties are a part of the society and thus they involve
monarchy, establish a democratic republic that was secular partisanship. (1 Mark)
and nonsectarian, free the people of Europe from tyranny, 6. When both parties agree to sell and buy each other’s goods,
create a formal constitution, and other goals. (1 Mark)
this is known as a double coincidence of wants. (1 Mark)
OR
Out of the Syllabus
8. Money serves as a medium of exchange because it provides
2. Minerals are formed in sedimentary rocks as a result of
a reliable conduit for the transfer of commodities.
deposition, accumulation, and concentration over extended
periods of time in horizontal strata under intense heat and (1 Mark)
pressure, or coal. (1 Mark) 9. Nationalism developed through culture in Europe as:
3. Out of the Syllabus (i) Since poetry, stories, and music all contributed to
4. Political equality is the basis of democracies because voters the expression and shaping of nationalist feelings,
have equal influence when choosing representatives. culture played a significant role in the development of
(1 Mark) nationalism in Europe. (1 Mark)
420 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(ii) Romanticism was an artistic movement that aimed to (iii) Travelling short distances on a bicycle.
foster a specific brand of nationalism. The glorification (iv) Avoid using refrigerator/AC when not needed.
of reason and science was generally criticised by (v) Turning electrical devices off when not in use.
romantic artists and poets, who instead emphasised 15. Out of the Syllabus
emotions, intuition, and mystical feeling. (1 Mark) 16. Democracy is people’s own government-
(iii) Johann Gottfried Herder, a German philosopher, (i) In a democracy, the people have the power to elect
asserted that the common people, or das volk, were their representatives and will be in charge of them.
where true German culture could be found. The true (1 Mark)
spirit of the country was popularised through folk (ii) Everyone anticipates that the government will meet
music, folk poetry, and folk dance. (1 Mark) the wants and expectations of the populace. (1 Mark)
OR (iii) It is anticipated that a democratic government will
Out of the Syllabus create mechanisms for its people to hold it accountable.
10. The ‘Poona Pact’s’ main characteristics were: (Any three) (1 Mark)
(3 Marks) 17. Out of the Syllabus
(i) Depressed Classes (later known as Scheduled Caste) 18. Modern currency is accepted as a medium of exchange
were granted reserved seats in provincial and national without any use of its own because
legislative councils under the Poona Pact (September (i) A nation’s government grants permission for the use
1932). of modern money. (1 Mark)
(ii) The general electorate was expected to elect them. On behalf of the national government, the Reserve
(iii) Gandhiji’s death-defying fast was the reason why the Bank of India issues all banknotes in India.
act was passed. (ii) No other person or entity shall be authorised to issue
(iv) Ambedkar eventually agreed with Gandhiji’s position. money. (1 Mark)
11. ‘Salt March’ became an effective tool of resistance against (iii) The law makes it acceptable to use rupees as a form of
colonialism because: payment for all transactions in India. (1 Mark)
(i) Both rich and poor people consumed salt, which was It is illegal for anyone in India to reject a payment
a necessary component of food. (1 Mark) made in rupees.
(ii) Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol. 19. Both producers and purchasers have the chance to expand
their domestic markets through international trade. a
(1 Mark)
pleasant journey from one nation to another. Importing
(iii) Irwin refused to bargain, so Gandhiji organised the goods made in another nation gives consumers the chance
Salt March with the help of 78 volunteers. He arrived to expand their selection beyond domestically produced
in Dandi (on April 6), broke the law, and produced goods. Due to the fact that producers from different nations
salt. People across the nation broke salt laws in can sell their goods both domestically and abroad, there is
March by making their own salt, protesting in front of intense competition among them. As a result, international
government salt factories, and generally feeling more trade has been the primary means of connecting nations.
nationalistic. (1 Mark) Consider the Silk Road. (3 Marks)
12. The railways are the main artery of inland transport in 20. Out of the Syllabus
India. It is the lifeline of the country as mentioned below: 21. The French Revolutionaries instilled the French people
(i) As of the end of March 2004, there were 2,28,170 with a sense of national identity by:
waggons, 5,321 passenger service vehicles, 4,904 other (i) The creation of new hymns, oaths, and memorials to
coach vehicles, 7,031 stations, and 7,817 locomotives national martyrs. (1 Mark)
in the Indian Railway’s network. (1 Mark) (ii) For the whole nation, uniform laws were created by an
(ii) Railroads are useful for transporting goods over organised administrative system. (1 Mark)
longer distances as well as for conducting business, (iii) Promoting French as the official language of the
sightseeing, and pilgrimage. (1 Mark) country while discouraging local dialects. (1 Mark)
(iii) As a result, the railway is crucial to our economy. It is (iv) To foster a sense of shared identity among the French
the biggest public project in the nation. (1 Mark) people, the concepts of la patrie (the fatherland) and le
13. Out of the Syllabus citoyen (the citizen) were emphasised. (1 Mark)
14. The following steps can be taken for saving energy: (v) In place of the former royal standard, the new French
(Any three) (3 Marks) flag, the tricolous, was chosen. (1 Mark)
(i) Smart use of available energy sources. OR
(ii) Using a carpool or public transportation. Out of the Syllabus

22. The attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists (iii) The Followers: These individuals support the party
towards the Civil Disobedience Movement was: by voting for it during elections because they share its
(i) Indian industrialists and merchants made huge ideologies. (1 Mark)
earnings during the First World War and rose to 26. Effective ways to reform political parties include:(Any five)
popularity. (1 Mark) (5 Marks)
(ii) They desired protection from the importation of (i) Enacting laws to control their internal operations.
foreign gods as well as a Rupee Sterling exchange rate
(ii) Political parties should be required to keep a register
that would deter imports. (1 Mark)
of their members.
(iii) To organise business interests, they established the
(iii) Political parties should be required to give a certain
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and
percentage of their tickets—roughly one-third—to
Industries-FlCCl in 1927 and the Indian Industrial and
female candidates.
Commercial Congress in 1920. (1 Mark)
(iv) There should be a set percentage of women in the
(iv) They provided financial support while declining to
party’s decision-making structures.
buy or sell imported deities. (1 Mark)
(v) Elections ought to be subsidised by the government.
(v) The majority of businessmen saw “Swaraj” during
a period in which trade and industry would flourish (vi) The government should provide funds to parties in
unrestricted by colonial restrictions. (1 Mark) the form of cash or in-kind donations to help with
23. Production of goods in large quantities after processing their election-related expenses, such as petrol, paper,
from raw materials to more valuable products is called telephone, etc.
manufacturing. (1 Mark) 27. Banks play an important role in developing the economy
It is considered as backbone of development because: of India by taking the following steps:
(i) It serves as the foundation of our economy in addition to (i) The money that people deposit with banks is kept in a
aiding in the modernization of agriculture. (1 Mark) safe place for future use by the depositors. (1 Mark)
(ii) The end of unemployment and poverty in our nation (ii) By paying interest on the money deposited, banks also
depends on industrial development. (1 Mark) help depositors save more money. (1 Mark)
(iii) The export of manufactured goods boosts commerce (iii) Banks act as a middleman between those who have
and trade. (1 Mark) extra cash and those who don’t. This is achieved
(iv) Developing nations produce a wide range of high-quality by making loans. These loan options are used by
finished goods from their raw materials. (1 Mark) borrowers to boost output and income. (1 Mark)
24. Coal is an easily accessible fossil fuel in India. (1 Mark) (iv) Banks, the official source of credit, offer loans with
flexible terms and a very low interest rate. (1 Mark)
(i) Peat has a low carbon content, a high moisture content,
and a poor ability to heal. (1 Mark) (v) Banks make special arrangements for the development
of industry and agriculture, such as waiving farmer
(ii) Lignite is a low-grade, soft brown coal with a high
loan obligations. (1 Mark)
moisture content. It is employed to produce electricity.
28. Globalisation and greater competition among producers
(1 Mark)
have been advantages to consumers: (5 Marks)
(iii) The most widely used type of coal for commercial use
is bituminous. It has a unique use in blast furnaces to (i) Consumers, especially those from the upper sections
melt iron. (1 Mark) of urban areas, have benefited from globalisation and
increased competition among domestic and foreign
(iv) Anthracite is the best hard coal available. (1 Mark)
producers.
25. A political party is a group of people who come together
(ii) These consumers have more options now that they
to contest in elections and hold power in the government.
can choose from a wider range of goods with higher
They agree on some policies and programmes for the society
quality and lower prices.
with a view to promote the collective good. (2 Marks)
(iii) People live to higher standards.
A political party has three components:
(iv) Nevertheless, producers and workers have not all
(i) The Leaders: Each political party has a few well-known
experienced the same effects of globalisation.
leaders who create the party’s policies and programmes
and select candidates to run in elections. (1 Mark) (v) The increased competition has allowed the top Indian
(ii) The Active Members: They are actively involved in companies’ services to flourish.
the party’s various committees and take part in their (vi) They have increased their production standards, invested
work. (1 Mark) in newer technology, and production techniques.
422 SOCIAL SCIENCE

29. 30.
(C) Chauri Chaura
(B) Kheda (i) (A) Chhattisgarh

or Durg
(i) (B)
Ahmedabad
Porbander
[OS] (ii) Vishakhapatnam–
Software Technology Park [OS]
(A) Madras
(Chennai)
(3 Marks) (3 Marks)

Term-I

Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them :
(vi) Question number 29 and 30 are map based questions. 29 from History two marks and 30 from Geography three marks.
1. Which brothers of Germany contributed in compiling the 10. Why did the developing countries organize the G-77?
text for children? (1 Mark) Give three reasons? (3 Marks)
OR OR
By whom was the novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ written?
How was foreign trade from India conducted before the
[OS]
age of machine industries? Explain.
2. Which factor is mainly responsible for maximum land
degradation in India? (1 Mark) OR
3. Name the two athletes who raised the issue of Civil Rights Which three features of the big modern city of Calcutta
at the Mexico Olympics (1968). [OS] (1 Mark) fascinated the Gods as described in the novel written by
4. What other factors besides politics keep the federations Durgacharan Roy? Explain. [OS]
united? (1 Mark) 11. What was the Protestant Reformation? (3 Marks)
5. What is meant by the system of ‘checks and balances’? OR
(1 Mark)
Who translated the novel “Henrietta Temple” in
6. Give any two examples of non-renewable resources.
Malayalam? Why did the translator give up the idea of
(1 Mark)
translating English Novels? [OS]
7. Suggest any one way to create employment opportunities
in the rural areas. (1 Mark) 12. Explain how print helped the poor people to express their
8. In which sector does government own most of the assets ideas on various issues. (3 Marks)
and provide the basic services? (1 Mark) OR
9. What attracted the Europeans to Africa? Give any three Explain how novel reading has become a popular source
reasons. (3 Marks) of pleasure in India. [OS]
OR
13. What is the importance of pulses in our economy? Why
Why was getting jobs in the British mills always difficult are pulses grown as a rotation crop? (3 Marks)
for the workers in the 19th century? Give reasons.
OR 14. Explain any three causes of water scarcity. (3 Marks)
Examine the living conditions of different sections of 15. Explain how communities have conserved and protected
society in Bombay prior to reclamation. [OS] forests and wildlife in India. (3 Marks)
16. How does religion influence the political set up in our A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session
country? (3 Marks) was held in 1927.
17. Explain the three major provisions of the Constitutional B. The place associated with the Peasant’s Satyagraha.
Amendment of 1992 that really strengthened the third tier
of democracy in India? (3 Marks)
18. “In a democracy, political expression of social division
is very normal and can be healthy”. Justify this statement
with suitable arguments. [OS] (3 Marks)
19. Why do people look at a mix of goals for development?
Explain. (3 Marks)
20. With the example of sugarcane, explain the interdependence
of all three sectors of the economy. (3 Marks)
21. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in
classifying different countries as rich and poor? What are
the limitations of this criterion? (5 Marks) (B)
22. Explain the effects of the Great Depression of 1929 on the
Indian economy. (5 Marks)
OR (A)
How did cotton factories become an intimate part of the

English landscape in the early century? Explain.
OR
Describe the role of industrialisation in shaping the 30. (a) On feature A is shown in given political outline map
modern cities in England. [OS] of India. Identify this feature with the help of the
23. ‘The shift from hand printing to mechanical printing led to following information and write its correct name on
the print revolution in Europe.’ Explain the statement with the line marked on the map:
examples. (5 Marks)
(A) A soil type. (1 Mark)
OR (b) On the same political outline map of India, locate and
How did the novels fulfill the task of nation building label the following features with appropriate symbols:
during the British period? Explain. [OS]
(i) Corbett National Park [OS] (1 Mark)
24. What is the need for conservation of water resources? (ii) Tungabhadra Dam (1 Mark)
Suggest three measures to conserve water resources.
(5 Marks)
25. What is meant by ‘resources’? Mention the four basis to
classify the resources. (5 Marks) (A)
26. How far is it correct to say that it is not politics that gets
caste ridden but it is the caste that gets politicised? Explain.
(5 Marks)
27. Highlight the reasons for the increase in the feeling of
alienation among Sri Lankan Tamils after independence.
(5 Marks)
28. What does HDI stand for? Explain the main criteria for
measuring HDI according to UNDP Report of 1990.
(5 Marks)
29. Three features A and B are marked on the given political
of the following information and write their correct name
on the lines marked in the map: (2 Marks)

EXPLANATIONS
1. The brothers of Germany who contributed to compiling the OR
text for children are Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm. Getting jobs in British mills was difficult for workers in
(1 Mark) the 19th century due to the following reasons:
OR (i) Mechanization: The mills in the 19th century were
highly mechanized, and the use of machines made the
Out of the Syllabus
production process more efficient. However, this also
2. The factor mainly responsible for maximum land meant that fewer workers were needed, and those who
degradation in India is improper land use, including were employed needed to have specialized skills to
deforestation, overgrazing, and soil erosion. (1 Mark) operate the machines. (1 Mark)
3. Out of the Syllabus (ii) Long working hours: The working hours in the
4. Besides politics, other factors that keep federations mills were long, and the conditions were often harsh.
united include a shared history and culture, economic Workers were required to work for up to 14 hours a
interdependence, and a common language. (1 Mark) day, and there were few breaks or opportunities for
rest. (1 Mark)
5. The system of ‘checks and balances’ refers to the
(iii) Low wages: The wages paid to workers in the mills
distribution of powers among different branches of
were low, and they were often barely enough to sustain
government to prevent any one branch from becoming too
their families. This made it difficult for workers to
powerful. (1 Mark)
support themselves and their families, and many had
6. Two examples of non-renewable resources are coal and to resort to other means of income, such as begging or
petroleum. (1 Mark) stealing. (1 Mark)
7. One way to create employment opportunities in rural OR
areas is by promoting agriculture-based industries Out of the Syllabus
and providing training for farmers to increase their 10. The developing countries organized the G-77 for various
productivity. (1 Mark) reasons, such as:
8. The sector in which the government owns most of the (i) To promote their collective economic interests and
assets and provides the basic services is the public sector. demand more favorable terms of trade. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) (ii) To increase their bargaining power in international
forums and reduce their dependence on developed
9. Europeans were attracted to Africa for various reasons,
countries. (1 Mark)
such as: (Any three)
(iii) To share experiences and ideas on development issues
(i) Natural resources: Africa was rich in natural and promote South-South cooperation. (1 Mark)
resources such as gold, diamonds, and rubber, which
OR
were in high demand in Europe. Europeans saw Africa
Before the age of machine industries, foreign trade from
as a source of these valuable resources, which could
India was conducted through various means, such as:
be exploited for economic gain. (1 Mark)
(i) The overland trade routes, such as the Silk Road,
(ii) Strategic location: Africa’s location made it an which connected India with Central Asia and Europe.
important strategic location for European powers. It (1 Mark)
provided access to important trade routes and allowed (ii) The sea trade routes, such as the Arabian Sea and the
European powers to expand their territories and Bay of Bengal, which connected India with West Asia,
influence in the region. (1 Mark) Africa, and Southeast Asia. (1 Mark)
(iii) Prestige: European powers saw the colonization of (iii) The use of intermediaries such as merchants and
Africa as a way to enhance their prestige and power agents who acted as middlemen between Indian
in the world. Colonizing Africa was seen as a way producers and foreign buyers. (1 Mark)
to demonstrate European superiority and dominance OR
over other nations. (1 Mark) Out of the Syllabus
426 SOCIAL SCIENCE

11. (i) Protestant Reformation was a religious movement that (ii) Population growth and urbanization, which increase
began in Europe in the 16th century. (1 Mark) the demand for water and put pressure on water
(ii) It was led by reformers such as Martin Luther and resources. (1 Mark)
John Calvin, who challenged the authority of the (iii) Inefficient use and management of water resources,
Roman Catholic Church and sought to reform it. such as over-extraction, pollution, and wastage.
(1 Mark) (1 Mark)
(iii) The movement led to the establishment of 15. The following provides an explanation of the role that
Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity. communities play in protecting forests and wildlife:
(1 Mark) (i) The Sariska Tiger Reserve is located in Rajasthan, and
OR locals there have battled to stop mining operations and
preserve the wildlife’s natural habitat. (1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus
(ii) Five villages in Alwar, Rajasthan, have designated a
12. Print helped the poor people to express their ideas on
1200 acre forest as the “Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri.”
various issues in various ways, such as: (Any three)
They established their own laws and regulations that
(i) Printing presses made it possible to produce books, forbid hunting and other activities; (1 Mark)
pamphlets, and newspapers that could reach a wider
(iii) Residents in the Himalayas successfully resisted
audience. (1 Mark)
deforestation through the Chipko movement.
(ii) The printed material helped to spread new ideas
(1 Mark)
and knowledge, challenge orthodoxies, and promote
16. Religion influences the political set up in our country in
social and political reform. (1 Mark)
the following ways:
(iii) Printed materials were cheap and accessible, which
(i) Political parties: Many political parties are formed
made it possible for poor people to access information
on the basis of religion, and they seek to represent the
and express their ideas. (1 Mark)
interests of their respective communities. (1 Mark)
(iv) The availability of printed materials led to an increase
(ii) Voting patterns: Religion can influence the voting
in literacy rates among the poor, which enabled them
patterns of people, with many people choosing to vote
to express their ideas more effectively. (1 Mark)
for candidates who share their religious beliefs.
(v) Printed materials could be distributed widely, which
(1 Mark)
meant that ideas could be spread to a larger audience.
(iii) Lawmaking: The influence of religion can be seen in
This helped the poor to express their ideas on various
the laws that are made, with many laws being based
issues, such as social justice, poverty, and political
on religious beliefs and values. (1 Mark)
rights. (1 Mark)
17. The three major provisions of the Constitutional
OR
Amendment of 1992 that strengthened the third tier of
Out of the Syllabus democracy in India are:
13. Pulses are important in our economy for various reasons, (i) The establishment of a constitutional status for the
such as: Panchayati Raj institutions. (1 Mark)
(i) They are a source of protein and other essential (ii) The reservation of seats for women and marginalized
nutrients for human consumption. (1 Mark) groups in the Panchayati Raj institutions. (1 Mark)
(ii) They are an important source of income for farmers, (iii) The provision of financial and administrative powers
especially in rain-fed areas. (1 Mark) to the Panchayati Raj institutions. (1 Mark)
(iii) They are grown as a rotation crop to improve soil 18. Out of the Syllabus
fertility and reduce soil erosion. (1 Mark) 19. People look at a mix of goals for development because:
14. Some causes of water scarcity include: (i) Development is a complex and multifaceted process
(i) Climate change and variability, which can lead that involves various aspects of human well-being,
to changes in rainfall patterns and reduced water such as economic growth, social welfare, and
availability. (1 Mark) environmental sustainability. (1 Mark)

(ii) Different people and groups may have different (iv) A rise in unemployment and poverty, which led to
priorities and values, depending on their needs, social and political unrest. (1 Mark)
interests, and aspirations. (1 Mark) (v) An increase in protectionism and trade barriers, which
(iii) A mix of goals can help to address the diverse needs affected the international trade and economic relations
and aspirations of different people and promote a of India. (1 Mark)
more inclusive and sustainable development process. OR
(1 Mark) Cotton factories became an intimate part of the English
20. Sugarcane is an example of how all three sectors of the landscape in the early century due to the growth of the
economy are interdependent, such as: textile industry, availability of raw materials, technological
(i) The primary sector involves the cultivation of advancements, and the availability of cheap labour.
sugarcane by farmers. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)
(ii) The secondary sector involves the processing of (i) Growth of the textile industry: The industrial
sugarcane into sugar by mills and factories. (1 Mark) revolution led to the growth of the textile industry,
(iii) The tertiary sector involves the distribution and and cotton factories became an essential part of the
marketing of sugar by wholesalers and retailers. industry. The growth of the cotton industry and the
demand for common goods led to the establishment of
(1 Mark)
large factories in urban areas. (1 Mark)
21. The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying
(ii) Availability of raw materials: England had access to
different countries as rich and poor is the Gross National
abundant raw materials such as cotton, which made it
Income (GNI) per capita. GNI per capita is calculated by
possible to establish cotton factories. (1 Mark)
dividing the total income of a country by its population.
(iii) Technological advancements: Technological
However, this criterion has some limitations, such as:
advancements such as the spinning jenny and the
(i) It does not take into account the distribution of income
power loom made it possible to produce cotton goods
within a country. (1 Mark) on a large scale. (1 Mark)
(ii) It does not consider non-monetary factors, such as (iv) Cheap labour: The availability of cheap labour made
quality of life, education, and healthcare. (1 Mark) it possible to produce cotton goods at a low cost, which
(iii) It does not reflect the informal economy, such as made them affordable to the masses. (1 Mark)
subsistence agriculture and unregistered businesses. OR
(1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus
(iv) It is influenced by exchange rates, which can fluctuate
23. (i) The shift from hand printing to mechanical printing
and distort the actual purchasing power of a currency.
led to the print revolution in Europe, as it made it
(1 Mark)
possible to produce printed materials on a large scale.
(v) It does not account for the impact of debt and other (1 Mark)
economic factors on a country’s ability to sustain its (ii) The invention of the printing press by Johannes
development. (1 Mark) Gutenberg in the 15th century was a significant
22. The Great Depression of 1929 had several effects on the development in this regard. (1 Mark)
Indian economy, such as: Examples of how the print revolution transformed Europe
(i) A decline in agricultural prices and exports, which are:
affected the income and livelihoods of farmers and (i) Increase in literacy rates: The availability of printed
rural communities. (1 Mark) materials led to an increase in literacy rates, which
(ii) A decline in industrial production and exports, which enabled people to access information and become
affected the growth and development of Indian better educated. (1 Mark)
industries. (1 Mark) (ii) Spread of ideas: Printed materials could be distributed
(iii) A decline in foreign investment and remittances, which widely, which meant that ideas could be spread to a
affected the balance of payments and the availability larger audience. This led to the spread of new ideas
of foreign exchange. (1 Mark) and the growth of intellectual movements. (1 Mark)
428 SOCIAL SCIENCE

(iii) Standardization of language: The printing press Examples of how caste gets politicized are:
enabled the standardization of language, which (i) Formation of caste-based parties: Many political
facilitated communication between people from parties in India are formed on the basis of caste, and
different regions. (1 Mark) they seek to represent the interests of their respective
OR communities. (1 Mark)
Out of the Syllabus (ii) Caste-based voting patterns: Caste can influence the
24. The need for conservation of water resources is crucial for voting patterns of people, with many people choosing
various reasons such as: to vote for candidates who belong to their own caste.
(i) To reduce the risk of water scarcity and conflicts, (1 Mark)
which can have serious social, economic, and (iii) Reservation policies: The reservation policies
environmental consequences. (1 Mark) in India are based on caste, and they seek to
(ii) To protect the quality and health of water resources, provide opportunities to historically marginalized
which are essential for human and ecosystem communities. (1 Mark)
well-being. (1 Mark) 27. The increase in alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils
Three measures to conserve water resources are: after independence was due to the language policy,
discrimination, political representation, and armed
(i) Promoting water conservation practices, such as
conflict. (1 Mark)
rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation, and water
recycling. (1 Mark) (i) Language policy: The Sri Lankan government made
Sinhala the only official language, which marginalized
(ii) Regulating and monitoring water use and pollution,
the Tamil-speaking population. (1 Mark)
such as through water pricing, permits, and standards.
(1 Mark) (ii) Discrimination: The Tamil-speaking population
faced discrimination in education and employment,
(iii) Raising public awareness and participation through
which limited their opportunities for social and
education, outreach, and stakeholder engagement.
economic mobility. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark)
(iii) Political representation: The Tamil-speaking
25. Resources refer to the materials, energy, and other assets
population felt that they were not adequately
that are used by humans to meet their needs and desires.
represented in the political system, which left them
(1 Mark) feeling excluded from the political process. (1 Mark)
The four basis to classify resources are: (iv) Armed conflict: The armed conflict between the
(i) Origin: Resources can be classified as biotic or Sri Lankan government and the Tamil Tigers led to
abiotic depending on whether they are derived from widespread violence and displacement, which further
living or non-living sources. (1 Mark) contributed to the alienation of the Tamil-speaking
(ii) Exhaustibility: Resources can be classified as population. (1 Mark)
renewable or non-renewable depending on whether 28. HDI stands for Human Development Index, which is a
they can be replenished or not. (1 Mark) composite measure of the average achievements in three
(iii) Ownership: Resources can be classified as individual, basic dimensions of human development: a long and
community, or state depending on who has the right to healthy life, access to knowledge, and a decent standard of
access and control them. (1 Mark) living. The main criteria for measuring HDI according to
(iv) Development: Resources can be classified as the UNDP Report of 1990 are: (1 Mark)
potential or actual depending on whether they have (i) Life expectancy at birth to reflect a long and healthy
been identified and developed or not. (1 Mark) life. (1 Mark)
26. (i) It is correct to say that it is not politics that gets (ii) Adult literacy rate and combined gross enrolment
caste ridden but it is the caste that gets politicized. ratio for primary, secondary, and tertiary schools to
This means that caste is a social construct that gets reflect access to knowledge. (1 Mark)
politicized by political parties for their own gain. (iii) Real GDP per capita (PPP) to reflect a decent standard
(1 Mark) of living. (1 Mark)
(ii) Caste is a social and cultural construct that has existed (iv) The HDI value ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values
in India for centuries, and it is ingrained in the social indicating higher levels of human development.
and political fabric of the country. (1 Mark) (1 Mark)

29. 30.
(B) (i) Corbett National Park [OS]
(A) Arid soil
(B) Kheda
or
Ahmedabad
(B) (ii) Tungabhadra Dam

(A) Madras
(Chennai)
(2 Marks) (3 Marks)
430 SOCIAL SCIENCE

Term-II

(iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 9 are Multiple Choice Questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
(vi) Question number 30 is a map question of 5 marks (2 marks from History and 3 marks from Geography).
(vii) Attach the filled up map inside your answer-book.
1. What type of conservative regimes were set up in 1815 in 5. Which one of the following is the most popular form of
Europe? (1 Mark) government in the contemporary world? (1 Mark)
Choose the appropriate answer from the following: (a) Dictatorship (b) Monarchy
(a) Autocractic (b) Democratic (c) Military Rule (d) Democracy
(c) Aristocratic (d) Dictatorial 6. Which one of the following is a ‘National Political Party’?
OR (1 Mark)
Who, among the following, was the head of the Revolutionary (a) Samajwadi Party (b) Rashtriya Janata Dal
Society formed by Phan Boi Chau? [OS]
(c) Rashtriya Lok Dal (d) Bahujan Samaj Party
(a) Prince Cuong De (b) Phan Boi Chau
7. Which one of the following day is being observed as
(c) Phan Chu Trinh (d) Liang Qichao
‘National Consumer’s Day’ in India? (1 Mark)
2. In which one of the following Indian National Congress
Sessions was the demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ formalised in (a) 24 December (b) 25 December
December 1929? (1 Mark) (c) 10 December (d) 31 December
(a) Madras Session (b) Lahore Session 8. Which one of the following laws was enacted by the
(c) Calcutta Session (d) Nagpur Session Government of India in October 2005? (1 Mark)
3. National Waterway No. 1 is navigable between which of (a) The Right to Property Act
the following places? (1 Mark) (b) The Right to Education Act
(a) Sadiya and Dhubri (c) The Consumer Protection Act
(b) Allahabad and Haldia
(d) The Right to Information Act
(c) Udyogamandal and Champakkara
9. Which one of the following refers to investment? (1 Mark)
(d) Kottapuram and Komman
(a) The money spent on religious ceremonies
4. Which one of the following political parties came to power
in Bolivia in 2006? (1 Mark) (b) The money spent on social customs
(a) The Communist Party (b) The Republican Party (c) The money spent to buy assets such as land
(c) The Socialist Party (d) The Conservative Party (d) The money spent on household goods
10. Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the 26. ‘‘About hundred years ago there were few countries that
economic exchange and growth by the new commercial had hardly any political party. Now there are few countries
classes during the nineteenth century in Europe. (3 Marks) that do not have political parties.’’ Examine this statement.
OR (5 Marks)
How did students in Vietnam fight against the colonial 27. Compare the popular struggles of Nepal and Bolivia.
government’s efforts to prevent Vietnamese from [OS] (5 Marks)
qualifying for ‘white collar jobs’? Explain. [OS] 28. ‘‘Globalisation has been advantageous to consumers as
11. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha well as to producers.’’ Support the statement with suitable
against the proposed Rowlatt Act, 1919? Explain. examples. (5 Marks)
(3 Marks) 29. Why are rules and regulations required in the market-place?
12. Describe the main features of the ‘Salt March’ (3 Marks) Explain. (5 Marks)
13. What are the two main ways of generating electricity? 30. (a) Two features A and B are marked in the political outline
How are they different from each other? Explain. map of India. Identify these features with the help of the
(3 Marks) following information and write their correct names on
the lines marked in the map: (2 Marks)
14. Name the non-metallic mineral which can split easily into
thin sheets. Mention its uses. (3 Marks) A. The place where the Indian National Congress
Session was held in 1927.
15. Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the
fast development of the country? Explain. (3 Marks) B. The place which is associated with the movement
of Indigo Planters.
16. Name the six ‘National Political Parties’ in India in a
chronological order. (3 Marks) (b) On the same political outline map of India, locate and
label the following with appropriate symbols:
17. What inspiration do we get from Bolivia’s popular struggle?
Explain any three values that we can learn from it. (3 Marks)
(3 Marks) (i) Narora — a nuclear power plant
18. How is democractic government known as responsive (ii) Rourkela — an iron and steel plant
government? Explain with examples. (3 Marks) (iii) Kandla — a major sea port
19. How have markets been transformed in recent years?
20. Explain any three factors which gave birth to the
‘Consumer Movement’ in India. [OS] (3 Marks)
21. Explain with an example, how credit plays a vital and
positive role for development. (3 Marks)
22. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many
(B)
European States after 1815? Explain with examples.
(5 Marks)
OR
Explain, with examples, how religious groups played an
important role in the development of anti-colonial feelings
in Vietnam. [OS]
23. How did different social groups conceive the idea of
‘Non-Cooperation’? Explain with examples. (5 Marks) (A)
24. Why is there a pressing need for using renewable energy
sources in India? Explain any five reasons. (5 Marks)
25. ‘‘Advancement of international trade of a country is
an index to its prosperity.’’ Support the statement with
suitable examples. (5 Marks)
432 SOCIAL SCIENCE

EXPLANATIONS
1. (a) Autocratic (1 Mark) 13. The two main ways of generating electricity are
OR Hydropower and Thermal power.
(a) Out of the Syllabus Hydropower and Thermal power differ in the following
2. (b) Lahore Session (1 Mark) ways: (3 Marks)
3. (b) Allahabad and Haldia (1 Mark)
Hydropower Thermal Power
4. (c) The Socialist Party (1 Mark)
5. (d) Democracy (1 Mark) Hydropower refers to Thermal Power refers
6. (d) Bahujan Samaj Party (1 Mark) the electricity that is to the electricity that is
7. (a) 24 December (1 Mark) generated with the help generated with the help
of water stored in dams. of heat and steam.
8. (d) The Right to Information Act (1 Mark)
9. (c) The money spent to buy assets such as land (1 Mark) In this method, potential In this method, fossil fuels
10. The conditions are as follows: energy in the large like coal, petroleum are
(i) The state imposed restrictions on the flow of capital volumes of water is combusted to generate
and goods. (1 Mark) converted into electrical heat. This heat converts
energy. This happens water into steam which
(ii) There was a lack of market freedom. (1 Mark)
when water is released rotates the turbines with
(iii) Duties on goods were frequently assessed based from dams and this its high pressure. Thus
on their measurement or weight, and because each water reaches the bottom generating electricity.
region had its own system of weights and measures, at high speeds and
calculations required a lot of time. (1 Mark) rotates the turbines, thus
OR generating electricity.
Out of the Syllabus
14. Non-metallic minerals are those minerals which are bad
11. Gandhiji decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha
conductors of heat and electricity, are brittle and lack
against the proposed Rowlatt Act because of the following
lustre. The non-metallic mineral that can easily split into
reasons:
thin sheets is known as Mica. (1 Mark)
(i) The Rowlatt Act was passed by the Imperial
Legislative Council despite the unanimous opposition Its uses are as follows:
of the Indian members. (1 Mark) (i) It is used in the electrical and electronic industries
(ii) The Act gave the government huge authority to because of its superior dielectric strength, low power
suppress political activity. (1 Mark) loss factor, insulating qualities, and resistance to high
(iii) The Act also allowed for a two-year sentence for voltage. (1 Mark)
political leaders imprisoned without a trial. (ii) It helps to brighten the tone of coloured pigments and
(1 Mark) is used as a pigment extender in paints. (1 Mark)
12. The main features of the Salt March are as follows: 15. Efficient means of transport are a prerequisite because:
(i) On March 12, 1930, Gandhiji started his well-known (i) Producing consumer goods is insufficient on its own.
salt march, and he was joined by 78 of his dependable Additionally, these goods must be transported from
volunteers. (1 Mark) their supply locations to their demand locations,
(ii) From the Gandhi ashram in Sabarmati to the coastal necessitating the use of transportation. (1 Mark)
Gujarat town of Dandi, the march travelled 240 miles.
(ii) Those involved in facilitating these transactions are
The march was finished in 24 days by the volunteers,
known as traders. They arrange for transportation to
who averaged about 10 miles per day. (1 Mark)
deliver the goods to customers. (1 Mark)
(iii) Gandhiji violated the salt prohibition by producing
salt from seawater. Additionally, it served as the (iii) The movement of goods is necessary for economic
launchpad for the Civil Disobedience Movement. activity to occur within the country’s economy.
(1 Mark) (1 Mark)
CBSE 2014 (Term-II) 433

16. The six ‘National Political Parties’ in a chronological (i) Products and services are produced all over the
order are as follows: (3 Marks) world. As a result, production is organised in more
complicated ways. (1½ Marks)
Year of
National party (ii) There is now a much wider range of products and
Establishment
services to choose from.
1. Indian National Congress 1885
The quality of today’s products is better, and they can even
2. Communist Party of India 1925
be found for incredibly low prices. (1½ Marks)
3. Communist Party of India (Marxist) 1964
4. Bharatiya Janata Party 1980 21. A credit is a loan or an agreement in which the lender may
5. Bahujan Samaj Party 1984 supply the borrower with money, goods, or services with
6. Nationalist Congress Party 1999 the promise to receive a future payment. Credit plays a
vital and positive role in the following ways:
17. The success of Bolivia’s popular struggle reminded us
about the power of the people. The inspiration that we (i) It helps people from all spheres of life in establishing
get from Bolivia’s popular struggle is that the unity of their business, increase their income and provide
common men can overcome the big problems that we face support to their family needs. (1 Mark)
in our lives. Three values that we learn from Bolivia’s (ii) People often avail themselves of credit to purchase
popular struggle are: luxury items like vehicles, A.C.s, etc., which further
(i) Popular struggles help democracies evolve. Popular raises their standard of living. (1 Mark)
conflicts result in an expansion of democracy because For example, Salim availed of a credit facility to fulfill
people fight for what they want or protest what they the working capital needs of production. The credit helped
believe to be wrong. (1 Mark) him meet the ongoing expenses of production, complete
(ii) Mass mobilisation can be used to settle disputes in production on time, thereby, increasing his income.
democracies. Conflict resolution is required when Therefore, in this situation, credit plays a vital and positive
government institutions are directly involved. role. (1 Mark)
(1 Mark) 22. During the years following 1815, many liberal-nationalists
went underground due to the fear of repression.
(iii) When political entities like parties, pressure groups, or
movement groups support a conflict or mobilisation, (i) To share ideas and get ready for revolutionaries, secret
it gains more traction. (1 Mark) societies were established in the majority of European
18. Democracy is a form of government in which the whole nations. (1 Mark)
population of a country elects representatives. This is a (ii) At the time, a revolutionary was someone who fought
type of government that is accountable to the citizens and for freedom and liberty and opposed the monarchical
the legislature, and is also responsive to the needs and buildings put in place by the Vienna Congress.
expectations of the people. (1 Mark)
(i) A democratic government is responsive to the needs (iii) They also believed that their fight for freedom required
and expectations of its people and is answerable to the establishment of a nation-state. (1 Mark)
them. (1 Mark) (iv) As a case study, Giuseppe Mazzini, an Italian
(ii) Because democratic governments are made up of revolutionary who was exiled for attempting a
people-chosen representatives, they are responsive. revolution in Liguria, was a member of a secret society.
These representatives have discussions about the Later, he established two more covert organisations:
issues facing society and create programmes and Young Europe in Berne and Young Italy in Marseilles,
policies as a result. In addition, they guarantee that the both of which attracted like-minded young men from
programmes are put into action. (1 Mark) Poland, France, Italy, and the German states.
(iii) A democracy aims to maintain a system by which the (1 Mark)
people who elect the government can also hold them (v) He founded the secret societies for the unification
accountable. (1 Mark) of fragmented Italy. His relentless opposition to
19. After the advent of globalisation (Globalisation is the monarchy and his vision of democratic republics
process of rapid integration and interconnection between frightened the conservatives. (1 Mark)
countries across the globe), many changes have occurred OR
in the markets. These changes are as follows: Out of the Syllabus
434 SOCIAL SCIENCE

23. In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra, 25. International trade is the exchange of goods and services
a sanyasi who had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured that is conducted between two or more different countries.
labourer. Here, the movement was against talukdars The aim here is to provide certain resources to other
and landlords who demanded very high rents, and countries that do not have it. The following points support
cesses from the peasants. They had to beg on landlords the statement given in the question:
farms. They had no rights over leased land. When the (i) In the entire world, there is no country that is
Non-Cooperation Movement started, the houses of talukdars self-sufficient in all resources. Resources are
and landlords were looted. In many places local leaders space-bound, so countries trade with each other in
told the peasants that Gandhiji had said no taxes were to be order to acquire various resources. (1 Mark)
paid and land was to be redistributed among the peasants. (ii) When the value of exports exceeds the value of
The Tribal peasants of Andhra Pradesh interpreted the imports, it is known as a favourable balance of trade.
message of Gandhiji in a different way. They were led This represents the positive condition of the country’s
by Alluri Sitaram Raju. The government had closed large economy. But when the value of imports exceeds the
forest areas, preventing the tribals from entering the forest value of exports, it is referred to as an unfavourable
to gaze their cattle. They were dependent on forests for balance of trade representing the negative condition
food, fuel and trails. The militant movement had begun to of the economy. (1 Mark)
resist the repressive measures of the colonizers. The tribals (iii) Increased international trade shows increased relations
became violent and attacked police stations. (3 Marks) between countries that are mutually beneficial.
For plantation workers in Assam, Swaraj had a very (1 Mark)
different notion. For them, freedom meant moving in (iv) International trade also induces the development of
and out of the confined place. The workers believed that secondary and tertiary sectors in a country. Thus, a
Gandhi raj was coming and everyone would be given land country can fetch more foreign exchange and strengthen
in their village. So, they defied the authorities, left the its financial position in the market. (1 Mark)
plantations and headed home. (2 Marks) (v) International trade is considered an ‘economic
24. Renewable resources are natural resources that have the barometer’ of a country. It is a huge source of income
ability to replenish themselves to replace the portion that as well as a sign of of the country’s development. Thus,
has been consumed by us. They are also known as ‘flow the economic prosperity of a country can be gauged by
resources’. the health of its international trade. (1 Mark)
26. A political party is a group of people with a similar ideology,
(i) The basic requirement for economic development
who contest the elections of a nation and form a ruling
is energy. Every sector of the national economy
government. Every member of a particular party works on
such as agriculture (primary), industry (secondary),
the same front, their methods might differ but their aim is
transport (tertiary), commercial and domestic needs
the same. (Any five)
energy inputs. The rate at which energy consumption
(i) A century ago there were few countries that had
is accelerating has compelled India to be largely
political parties but now every country except a few
dependent on fossil fuels like coal and petroleum
has political parties, that contest the elections and
that are nonrenewable. Thus, the use of sustainable
form governments to run the country. (1 Mark)
sources of energy needs to be enhanced. (1¼ Marks)
(ii) A Political party is synonymous to democracy, and as
(ii) There are growing worries regarding the security of election are vital for any democracy, political parties
the energy supply in the future due to the rising costs are necessary. (1 Mark)
of oil and gas and their limited availability. This then (iii) Today, almost every country whether big, small,
creates uncertainty about the direction of the national developed or developing have political parties.
economy. (1¼ Marks) (1 Mark)
(iii) Growing dependence on fossil fuels results in (iv) The parties in these countries increased due to
pollution of the environment and the decline of soil, democracy. Many countries found democracy to be a
air, and water. (1¼ Marks) better way of governing. (1 Mark)
(iv) As a result, it is crucial to use renewable energy (v) Any large society needs representative democracy, and
sources, such as solar, wind, tide, biomass, and waste- for this, they need agencies that can gather information
to-energy. These are referred to as unconventional about the happenings in the nation. This work is done
sources of energy. Wind, water, sunlight, and biomass by the parties and its members. (1 Mark)
are all abundant renewable energy sources in India, (vi) To run a nation, formulation of policies are important
which also has the largest programmes for their which is done by the parties. (1 Mark)
development. (1¼ Marks) 27. Out of the Syllabus
CBSE 2014 (Term-II) 435

28. Globalisation has been advantageous to producers in the (iii) The seller tries to place all of the blame on the
following ways: (2½ Marks) customer whenever a complaint is made about the
(i) The producers now have access to the international products or services. (1 Mark)
markets. (iv) Advertisements, catchy slogans, and popular songs are
(ii) Globalisation has also enabled free movement of sometimes used by sellers to make false claims about
capital, i.e., via electronic transfers, etc. the dependability and quality of their goods.(1 Mark)
(v) In order to sell the products at higher prices, the sellers
(iii) Globalisation has enabled access to foreign
occasionally use black marketing and hoarding to
investment in capital and technology via Foreign
create an artificial scarcity. (1 Mark)
Direct Investment, etc.
30.
Globalisation has been advantageous to consumers in the
following ways: (2½ Marks)
(i) Globalisation has led to employment generation, (b) (i) Narora
beneficial to consumers. (a) (B) Champaran
(ii) Globalisation has also given rise to intense competition
due to the opening up of markets to foreign companies.
As a result, this has led to an increase in product
quality and a decrease in the prices of the products.
(iii) The consumers have benefited from the arrival of
MNCs as they now have a larger choice in the goods
that are available to them in the market. (b) (iii)
29. Rules and regulations are required for the protection Kandla (b) (ii) Rourkela
of consumers in the market place due to the following
reasons:
(i) On occasion, traders participate in dishonest business (a) (A) Madras
practices like hoarding, adulteration, underweight,
and undermeasurement. (1 Mark)
(ii) The majority of consumers are illiterate about their
rights and frequently fall victim to supplier fraud.
(1 Mark) (5 Marks)
436 SOCIAL SCIENCE

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Social Science

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

(a) The flow of trade (b) The flow of labour

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national unity. (2 Marks)

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3. Which of the following industries increased with the expansion

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The bank retained as collateral the papers of the new

2. How is chemical industry in India diversified? Explain. (1 Mark)

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6. Who among the following was the architect for the

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42. (a) Office of the Prime Minister

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*[OS] denotes Out of the Syllabus questions.

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(iii) Unforeseen circumstances: Borrowers who take out

advantage of vulnerable borrowers. These practices (b) (v) Cotton Textile

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4. Name the two hostile group of Second World War.

*[OS] denotes Out of the Syllabus questions.

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national unity. (2 Marks)

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Time allowed : 2 hours Maximum Marks : 40

Time allowed : 2 hours Maximum Marks : 40

Time allowed : 1½ hours Maximum Marks : 40

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

4. Name the two hostile group of Second World War.

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Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90

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Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90