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Chap 02 - Introduction To Java

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23 views

Chap 02 - Introduction To Java

Uploaded by

neetuan77
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1

Write a short note on types of Java programs.

Answer

There are two types of Java programs — Java Stand-Alone Applications and Java Applets.

Java Stand-Alone Applications


A stand-alone Java application refers to a Java program that can run independently on a
computer. Acrobat Reader is an excellent example of this type of application. In Java, every
stand-alone application begins its execution with the main() method. Java stand-alone
applications can be classified into two types:
a. Console based applications
b. Graphical User Interface based applications

Java Applets
Java applets are Java applications that run within a web browser. They are mainly used for
internet programming. The applet is capable of performing many tasks on a web page, such
as displaying graphics, playing sounds, and accepting user input.

Question 2

How is Java platform independent?

Answer

Java applications are platform independent, which means that Java applications can be run
on any platform. After Java source code is compiled, it is converted into bytecode. The
bytecode is then interpreted by the JVM. JVM can be installed on several different
operating systems such as Windows, UNIX, Macintosh, etc. JVM allows Java programs to
run on almost any computer regardless of its hardware configuration. Due to this factor,
Java is considered as a platform independent language.

Question 3

Describe the traditional compilation process with a suitable diagram.

Answer

In traditional compilation process, the machine language code generated by the


compiler is specific to the platform for which the source code is compiled. Every high-
level language has a separate platform specific compiler to generate the machine code that
can run on the specific platform. For example, the executable file generated by compiling a
C++ program on Windows platform will not run on Macintosh. It needs to be compiled
with C++ Macintosh compiler. The below diagram illustrates this:

Question 4

Describe the Java compilation process with a suitable diagram.

Answer

In Java compilation process, the source code of a Java program is compiled to an


intermediate binary code called the Bytecode. This Bytecode cannot be directly executed
by the machine. It is understood by a virtual machine known as Java Virtual
Machine or JVM. JVM contains a Java interpreter which converts the Bytecode into
machine code of the target computer. JVM is platform specific i.e. each platform has its
own JVM. But once the proper JVM is installed on the machine, it can run any Java
Bytecode program. The below diagram illustrates this:
Question 5

How is traditional compilation process different from Java compilation process?

Answer

In traditional compilation process, the machine language code generated by the compiler is
specific to the platform for which the source code is compiled. The executable file
generated for one platform like Windows will not work on other platforms like Macintosh.
In Java compilation process, the source code of a Java program is compiled to an
intermediate binary code called the Bytecode. This Bytecode is interpreted and executed by
JVM on the target platform. Bytecode is platform independent so the same Bytecode which
is generated for one platform like Windows will work on other platforms like Macintosh
without any modifications.

Question 6

What are JVM and JIT?

Answer

JVM
JVM stands for the Java Virtual Machine. It is a virtual machine that runs Java programs
and can be installed on several different operating systems such as Windows, UNIX,
Macintosh etc. JVMs allow Java programs to run on almost any computer. A JVM
processes instructions similar to a physical processor. However, the Java code (with "java"
extension) must first be converted into Bytecode that the JVM understands.

JIT
JIT is the Just-In-Time compiler included in the JVM that compiles selected portions of the
Bytecode into executable codes to improve the execution performance.

Question 7

Distinguish between the following:

a. Source code and Object code

Answer

Source Code Object Code

It is a set of instructions written in a It is the compiler generated machine


high-level programming language. language version of the source code.

It can be read and understood by It is not human readable but is


humans. understood by machines.
b. Compiler and Interpreter

Answer

Compiler Interpreter

It converts the whole source


It converts the source program into the
program into the object program at
object program, one line at a time.
once.

It displays the errors for the whole It displays the error one line at a time and
program together, after the only after fixing that error the control goes
compilation. to the next line.

c. ".java" file and ".class" file

Answer

".java" file ".class" file

It contains the Java source code of the program. It contains the Bytecode of the program.

It is written by human (programmer) It is generated by Java compiler.

Question 8

What is Java Bytecode?

Answer

The programs written in Java are compiled into a machine language for a virtual computer
called Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The machine language for this special Java Virtual
Machine is called Java Bytecode. The Bytecode files are generated with the ".class"
extension.

Question 9

Describe the slogan, "Write once, run anywhere" in relation to Java.

Answer

Bytecode and JVM makes Java programs platform independent. This is one of the most
important and powerful features of Java. The Bytecode of a Java program can be run on any
platform that has a corresponding JVM installed on it. No modifications to this Bytecode
are required. Hence, it is said that Java provides "Write once, run anywhere" capabilities.
Question 10

Describe four features of Java.

Answer

Four features of Java are:

1. Object Oriented — Java is an object-oriented programming language because it


treats everything as an object. The entire program code and data resides within
objects and classes. This enables us to easily use and extend the object model.
2. Robust — Java is a robust and reliable programming language. It has strict compile
time and runtime checking of data types. Memory allocation and de-allocation is
automatic in Java, so there is less for the programmer to worry about.
3. Platform Independent — The concept of "Write once, run anywhere", is one of the
most important and powerful features of Java. Java applications can run on any
platform that has a corresponding JVM installed on it.
4. Simple — Java is simple and easy to learn programming language. The removal of
many unreliable features of C and C++ (its predecessors) has simplified its
understanding and implementation.

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