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    Control Flow Statements

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Yaseen Pasha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Control Flow Statements

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Yaseen Pasha
    8 views15 pages

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    8 views15 pages

    Control Flow Statements

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Yaseen Pasha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Control Flow Statements

    The flow control statements are divided into three categories

    1. Conditional statements
    2. Iterative statements.
    3. Transfer statements

    Python control flow statements

    Conditional statements

    In Python, condition statements act depending on whether a given


    condition is true or false. You can execute different blocks of codes
    depending on the outcome of a condition. Condition statements
    always evaluate to either True or False.

    There are three types of conditional statements.

    1. if statement
    2. if-else
    3. if-elif-else
    4. nested if-else

    Iterative statements

    In Python, iterative statements allow us to execute a block of code


    repeatedly as long as the condition is True. We also call it a loop
    statements.

    Python provides us the following two loop statement to perform some


    actions repeatedly

    1. for loop
    2. while loop

    Transfer statements

    In Python, transfer statements are used to alter the program’s way of


    execution in a certain manner. For this purpose, we use three types of
    transfer statements.

    1. break statement
    2. continue statement
    3. pass statements

    If statement in Python

    In control statements, The if statement is the simplest form. It takes a


    condition and evaluates to either True or False.

    If the condition is True, then the True block of code will be executed,
    and if the condition is False, then the block of code is skipped, and
    The controller moves to the next line

    Syntax of the if statement

    if condition:
    statement 1
    statement 2
    statement n

    Python if statements
    Let’s see the example of the if statement. In this example, we will
    calculate the square of a number if it greater than 5

    Example

    number = 6
    if number > 5:
    # Calculate square
    print(number * number)
    print('Next lines of code')

    Output

    36
    Next lines of code

    If – else statement

    The if-else statement checks the condition and executes the if block of
    code when the condition is True, and if the condition is False, it will
    execute the else block of code.

    Syntax of the if-else statement

    if condition:
    statement 1
    else:
    statement 2

    If the condition is True, then statement 1 will be executed If the


    condition is False, statement 2 will be executed. See the following
    flowchart for more detail.

    Python if-else statements


    Example

    password = input('Enter password ')

    if password == "PYnative@#29":
    print("Correct password")
    else:
    print("Incorrect Password")

    Output 1:

    Enter password PYnative@#29

    Correct password

    Output 2:

    Enter password PYnative

    Incorrect Password

    Chain multiple if statement in Python

    In Python, the if-elif-else condition statement has an elif blocks to


    chain multiple conditions one after another. This is useful when you
    need to check multiple conditions.

    With the help of if-elif-else we can make a tricky decision.


    The elif statement checks multiple conditions one by one and if the
    condition fulfills, then executes that code.

    Syntax of the if-elif-else statement:


    if condition-1:
    statement 1
    elif condition-2:
    stetement 2

    elif condition-3:
    stetement 3
    ...
    else:
    statement

    Example

    def user_check(choice):
    if choice == 1:
    print("Admin")
    elif choice == 2:
    print("Editor")
    elif choice == 3:
    print("Guest")
    else:
    print("Wrong entry")

    user_check(1)
    user_check(2)
    user_check(3)
    user_check(4)

    Output:
    Admin

    Editor

    Guest

    Wrong entry

    Nested if-else statement

    In Python, the nested if-else statement is an if statement inside


    another if-else statement. It is allowed in Python to put any number
    of if statements in another if statement.

    Indentation is the only way to differentiate the level of nesting. The


    nested if-else is useful when we want to make a series of decisions.

    Syntax of the nested-if-else:

    if conditon_outer:
    if condition_inner:
    statement of inner if
    else:
    statement of inner else:
    statement ot outer if
    else:
    Outer else
    statement outside if block

    Example: Find a greater number between two numbers


    num1 = int(input('Enter first number '))

    num2 = int(input('Enter second number '))

    if num1 >= num2:


    if num1 == num2:

    print(num1, 'and', num2, 'are equal')


    else:
    print(num1, 'is greater than', num2)
    else:
    print(num1, 'is smaller than', num2)

    Output 1:

    Enter first number 56

    Enter second number 15

    56 is greater than 15

    Output 2:

    Enter first number 29

    Enter second number 78

    29 is smaller than 78

    Single statement suites


    Whenever we write a block of code with multiple if statements,
    indentation plays an important role. But sometimes, there is a
    situation where the block contains only a single line statement.

    Instead of writing a block after the colon, we can write a statement


    immediately after the colon.

    Example

    number = 56

    if number > 0: print("positive")


    else: print("negative")

    Similar to the if statement, while loop also consists of a single


    statement, we can place that statement on the same line.

    Example

    x=1
    while x <= 5: print(x,end=" "); x = x+1

    Output

    12345

    for loop in Python


    Using for loop, we can iterate any sequence or iterable variable. The
    sequence can be string, list, dictionary, set, or tuple.

    Python for loop


    Syntax of for loop:

    for element in sequence:


    body of for loop

    Example to display first ten numbers using for loop

    for i in range(1, 11):


    print(i)

    Output
    1

    10

    While loop in Python

    In Python, The while loop statement repeatedly executes a code block


    while a particular condition is true.

    In a while-loop, every time the condition is checked at the beginning


    of the loop, and if it is true, then the loop’s body gets executed. When
    the condition became False, the controller comes out of the block.
    Python while loop

    Syntax of while-loop

    while condition :
    body of while loop

    Example to calculate the sum of first ten numbers

    num = 10
    sum = 0
    i=1
    while i <= num:
    sum = sum + i
    i=i+1
    print("Sum of first 10 number is:", sum)
    Output

    Sum of first 10 number is: 55

    Break Statement in Python

    The break statement is used inside the loop to exit out of the loop. It
    is useful when we want to terminate the loop as soon as the condition
    is fulfilled instead of doing the remaining iterations. It reduces
    execution time. Whenever the controller encountered a break
    statement, it comes out of that loop immediately

    Let’s see how to break a for a loop when we found a number greater
    than 5.

    Example of using a break statement

    for num in range(10):


    if num > 5:
    print("stop processing.")
    break
    print(num)

    Output

    4
    5

    stop processing.

    Continue statement in python

    The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration


    and continue with the next iteration.

    Let’s see how to skip a for a loop iteration if the number is 5 and
    continue executing the body of the loop for other numbers.

    Example of a continue statement

    for num in range(3, 8):


    if num == 5:
    continue
    else:
    print(num)

    Output

    7
    Pass statement in Python

    The pass is the keyword In Python, which won’t do anything.


    Sometimes there is a situation in programming where we need to
    define a syntactically empty block. We can define that block with the
    pass keyword.

    A pass statement is a Python null statement. When the interpreter


    finds a pass statement in the program, it returns no operation. Nothing
    happens when the pass statement is executed.

    It is useful in a situation where we are implementing new methods or


    also in exception handling. It plays a role like a placeholder.

    Example

    months = ['January', 'June', 'March', 'April']


    for mon in months:
    pass
    print(months)

    Output

    ['January', 'June', 'March', 'April']

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