EXPERIMENT-1

AIM: Explain the four platforms of Java Programming Language.

What is Java?
Java is a programming language and a platform. Java is a high level, robust, object-oriented
and secure programming language. Java was developed by Sun Microsystems (which is now
the subsidiary of Oracle) in the year 1995. James Gosling is known as the father of Java.
Before Java, its name was Oak. Since Oak was already a registered company, so James
Gosling and his team changed the name from Oak to Java.

Platform: Any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is known as a

platform. Since Java has a runtime environment (JRE) and API, it is called a platform.

Types of Java Platforms

1. Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)

Java SE serves as the foundation for all Java platforms, providing the core functionality of the
Java programming language. It encompasses a comprehensive set of APIs (Application
Programming Interfaces), libraries, and tools that developers leverage to create a wide range
of applications, from simple desktop utilities to complex enterprise systems.

At its core, Java SE defines the fundamental constructs of the Java language, including data
types, control flow statements, and object-oriented programming features such as classes,
interfaces, and inheritance. These language features enable developers to write code that is
readable, maintainable, and scalable.

In addition to language features, Java SE includes a rich collection of standard libraries that
provide functionality for common tasks such as input/output operations, networking, file
handling, concurrency, and collections manipulation. These libraries abstract away low-level
details and provide high-level APIs that simplify development and improve productivity.

Java SE also includes a robust runtime environment, known as the Java Virtual Machine
(JVM), which enables Java applications to run on any platform that supports Java. The JVM
provides features such as memory management, garbage collection, and bytecode
interpretation, ensuring that Java programs execute efficiently and reliably across different
operating systems and hardware architectures.

One of the key strengths of Java SE is its platform independence. Java programs are compiled
into platform-independent bytecode, which can be executed on any device that has a
compatible JVM installed. This "write once, run anywhere" capability has made Java SE a
popular choice for developing cross-platform applications.

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Java SE finds widespread use in various domains, including desktop application
development, web development, server-side programming, and scientific computing.
Developers use Java SE to build graphical user interfaces (GUIs), web servers, middleware
components, database applications, and more.

2. Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE):

Java EE (Enterprise Edition) extends the capabilities of Java SE to provide a comprehensive

platform for developing enterprise-scale, distributed, and highly scalable applications. It
includes a set of APIs, specifications, and runtime environments that address the unique
requirements of enterprise computing, such as transaction management, security, messaging,
and web services.

Java EE is designed to support the development of large-scale, multi-tiered applications that

are deployed in complex computing environments. It provides a range of technologies and
frameworks for building enterprise systems, including Servlets, JavaServer Pages (JSP),
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), Java Persistence API (JPA), Java Message Service (JMS), and
more.

Servlets and JSPs are used for developing web applications, providing a framework for
handling HTTP requests, generating dynamic web content, and managing user sessions. EJBs
(Enterprise JavaBeans) are components that encapsulate business logic and provide services
such as transaction management, security, and concurrency control.

JPA (Java Persistence API) is a framework for interacting with relational databases, allowing
developers to map Java objects to database tables and perform database operations using
object-oriented programming techniques. JMS (Java Message Service) provides a standard
API for building messaging applications, enabling communication between distributed
components using message queues and topics.

Java EE also includes features for security, such as authentication, authorization, and
encryption, to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of enterprise applications.
It provides mechanisms for managing user identities, securing communication channels, and
enforcing access control policies.

Another important aspect of Java EE is its support for scalability and high availability. It
offers features such as clustering, load balancing, and failover, allowing applications to scale
horizontally across multiple servers and handle large volumes of traffic with minimal
downtime.

Overall, Java EE provides a comprehensive platform for building robust, scalable, and secure
enterprise applications. Its rich set of APIs, specifications, and runtime environments enable
developers to tackle the challenges of enterprise computing and deliver high-quality software
solutions that meet the needs of modern businesses.

3. Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME):

Java ME (Micro Edition) is a platform for developing applications for resource-constrained

devices, such as mobile phones, embedded systems, and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. It

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provides a lightweight runtime environment and a set of APIs optimized for small-footprint
devices with limited processing power, memory, and storage.

Java ME applications are typically deployed on devices with constrained resources, where
traditional Java SE or Java EE environments may be impractical due to their higher resource
requirements. Java ME applications are often written in Java but may also include native
code components for improved performance or access to device-specific features.

One of the key features of Java ME is its support for device diversity. It provides a set of
APIs that abstract away the differences between different types of devices, allowing
developers to write code that can run on a wide range of hardware platforms without
modification. This enables the development of cross-platform applications that can reach a
larger audience of users.

Java ME includes APIs for user interface development, networking, sensor data processing,
and device interaction, enabling developers to create a variety of applications, including
mobile games, utilities, and IoT applications. It also includes features for security, such as
sandboxing and code signing, to protect against malicious code execution and unauthorized
access to device resources.

Java ME applications are typically packaged as MIDlets (Mobile Information Device Profile
applications) and deployed to devices using over-the-air provisioning or side-loading. Once
installed, MIDlets run within the Java ME runtime environment, which provides features
such as memory management, garbage collection, and bytecode interpretation.

4. JavaFX:

JavaFX is a platform for building rich client applications with modern user interfaces and
advanced multimedia capabilities. It provides a set of high-level APIs for creating interactive
graphics, animations, and media content, making it ideal for developing applications with a
visually appealing and engaging user experience.

JavaFX applications can run on desktop computers, mobile devices, and web browsers,
thanks to its cross-platform support and integration with Java SE and Java EE. JavaFX
leverages hardware-accelerated graphics and media engines to deliver high-performance
rendering of graphical and multimedia content, enabling developers to create applications
with smooth animations, responsive user interfaces, and immersive visual effects.

One of the key features of JavaFX is its support for modern UI design paradigms, such as
CSS styling, FXML for declarative UI layout, and scene graph-based rendering. This allows
developers to create visually rich and expressive user interfaces that are consistent with
modern design trends and user expectations.

JavaFX includes a comprehensive set of APIs for creating UI components, handling user
input, managing application state, and integrating with backend services and data sources. It
provides support for standard UI controls, such as buttons, text fields, and lists, as well as
advanced features like charts, tables, and 3D graphics. JavaFX applications can be deployed
as standalone executables, web applications, or applets, making them accessible to users
across different platforms and environments. JavaFX applications can also be packaged and
distributed using standard Java deployment mechanisms, such as JAR files and Java Web
Start.
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 EXPERIMENT-2

AIM: Explain about IDEs and types of Java IDEs.

What is an IDE?
An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is software that combines commonly used
developer tools into a compact GUI (graphical user interface) application. It is a combination
of tools like a code editor, code compiler, and code debugger with an integrated terminal.
Integrating features like software editing, building, testing, and packaging in a simple-to-use
tool, IDEs help boost developer productivity. IDEs are commonly used by programmers and
software developers to make their programming journey smoother.

Common Features of an IDE

IDEs provide a broad variety of features which typically consist of:

Editor: Typically, a text editor can help you write software code by highlighting syntax with
visual cues, providing language-specific auto-completion, and checking for bugs as you type.

Compiler: A compiler interprets human-readable code into machine-specific code that can
be executed on different operating systems like Linux, Windows, or Mac OS. Most
IDEs usually come with built-in compilers for the language it supports.

Debugger: A tool that can assist developers to test and debug their applications and
graphically point out the locations of bugs or errors if any.

Build-in Terminal: Terminal is a text-based interface that can be used for interacting with
the machine’s operating system. Developers can directly run the scripts or commands within
an IDE with a built-in terminal/console.

Version Control: Version control helps bring clarity to the development of the
software. Some IDEs also support version control tools like Git, through which a user can
track and manage the changes to the software code.

Code snippets: IDEs support code snippets that are usually used to accomplish a single task
and can also reduce redundant work to some great extent.
Extensions and Plugins: Extensions and Plugins are used to extend the functionality of the
IDEs with respect to specific programming languages.

Code navigation: IDEs come with tools like code folding, class and method navigation, and
refactoring tools that make it simple to go through and analyse code.

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Types Of Java IDEs

Standard IDEs:

Standard Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) like Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, and
NetBeans are robust platforms that offer a comprehensive suite of tools for Java
development. Eclipse, for instance, boasts a powerful code editor with features like syntax
highlighting, code completion, and refactoring tools, enhancing developers' productivity and
code quality. It integrates seamlessly with various build systems and version control tools,
facilitating collaborative software development. Similarly, IntelliJ IDEA provides intelligent
code assistance, advanced debugging capabilities, and seamless integration with popular
frameworks and libraries, streamlining the development process. NetBeans offers a user-
friendly interface with a wide range of plugins and extensions, catering to diverse
development needs. Standard IDEs are favoured by professional developers and enterprises
for their extensive feature sets, flexibility, and support for complex projects.

Lightweight IDEs:

Lightweight IDEs, such as JDeveloper, BlueJ, and JCreator, offer a simpler and more focused
approach to Java development. These IDEs are designed to be lightweight in terms of
resource consumption while still providing essential features for coding, compiling, and
running Java applications. BlueJ, for example, is specifically tailored for introductory
programming courses, featuring a clean and intuitive interface that helps students grasp
fundamental concepts effectively. JCreator offers a minimalistic yet powerful environment
for Java development, catering to developers who prefer a streamlined workflow. While
lacking the extensive feature sets of standard IDEs, lightweight IDEs excel in simplicity,
speed, and ease of use, making them suitable for small to medium-sized projects or
developers seeking a more minimalist development environment.

Web-based IDEs:

Web-based Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) represent a modern approach to

coding, offering the convenience of development directly within a web browser. Platforms
like CodePen, JSFiddle, and Cloud9 provide developers with the flexibility to work from
anywhere with internet access, eliminating the need for local installations or setup. These
web-based IDEs typically offer features such as syntax highlighting, live previews, and
collaboration tools, allowing developers to code, test, and share their projects seamlessly.
CodePen, for instance, is widely used for front-end web development, offering a sandbox
environment for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript experimentation. JSFiddle specializes in client-
side scripting languages, providing a simple yet powerful interface for prototyping and
sharing code snippets. Cloud9 takes web-based development further by offering a full-
fledged IDE with support for multiple programming languages, project management tools,
and integrations with cloud services like AWS. Web-based IDEs are particularly popular
among web developers and designers for their accessibility, collaboration features, and ease
of use.

Text Editors:

Text editors like Sublime Text, Atom, and Visual Studio Code offer lightweight yet powerful
environments for editing code. While lacking the extensive feature sets of full-fledged IDEs,

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text editors excel in simplicity, speed, and customization options. Sublime Text, for example,
provides a clean and minimalist interface with powerful editing capabilities, including multi-
caret editing, syntax highlighting, and plugin support. Atom, developed by GitHub, offers a
modern and customizable interface with built-in Git integration and a vast library of
community-created packages for extending functionality. Visual Studio Code, a highly
popular text editor from Microsoft, combines the simplicity of a text editor with the power
of an IDE, offering features like IntelliSense code completion, debugging, and built-in
terminal support. Text editors are favoured by developers who prefer lightweight tools,
minimal distractions, and flexibility in configuring their development environment. They are
widely used across various programming languages and platforms for tasks ranging from
quick code edits to full-scale software development projects.

Educational IDEs:

Educational Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) cater specifically to students and

novice programmers, providing a user-friendly interface and simplified tools for learning
programming concepts. Platforms like Greenfoot and BlueJ focus on visual programming
and object-oriented concepts, making them ideal for introductory Java courses. Greenfoot,
for instance, offers a graphical environment where students can create and interact with
objects in a virtual world, facilitating hands-on learning of programming concepts like
inheritance and polymorphism. BlueJ provides a similar visual approach to teaching Java,
with features like object diagrams and interactive debugging tools that help students visualize
and understand code execution. Educational IDEs prioritize ease of use, interactivity, and
pedagogical features to support learners at various skill levels. They often include built-in
tutorials, step-by-step guides, and educational materials to assist students in mastering
programming fundamentals effectively. Educational IDEs play a crucial role in computer
science education, providing a supportive environment for students to explore and
experiment with programming concepts in a hands-on manner.

Mobile IDEs for Java:

Mobile Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) cater specifically to Java development

for mobile platforms, particularly Android. Android Studio, the official IDE for Android
development, offers a comprehensive suite of tools and features tailored for building high-
quality Android applications. It provides a rich graphical interface for designing user
interfaces, along with powerful code editing, debugging, and testing capabilities. Android
Studio integrates seamlessly with the Android SDK, enabling developers to access platform-
specific APIs and resources for creating feature-rich apps. IntelliJ IDEA with the Android
plugin is another popular choice for Android development, offering similar features to
Android Studio within the IntelliJ IDEA environment. Mobile IDEs for Java provide
specialized tools for building, testing, and deploying Android applications, along with
features like device emulators, APK generation, and performance profiling. They play a
crucial role in the mobile app development ecosystem, empowering developers to create
innovative and engaging experiences for Android users across a wide range of devices.

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 EXPERIMENT-3

AIM: An Introduction to Eclipse IDE.

What is Eclipse IDE?
Eclipse is a free, Java-based development platform known for its plugins that allow developers
to develop and test code written in other programming languages. Eclipse is released under
the terms of the Eclipse Public License.
The Eclipse Foundation is an independent, nonprofit corporation based in Canada that
shepherds the Open Source Eclipse software development community and includes the legal
jurisdiction of the European Union.
Eclipse is supported by over 320 members, 1,750 committers and more than 332 million lines
of code. The foundation's goal is to create both a community and an ecosystem of
complementary products and services.
Eclipse has evolved into a versatile platform that supports various programming languages,
frameworks, and technologies. In this comprehensive overview, we'll explore the various
aspects of Eclipse IDE, from its core functionalities to its extensive ecosystem of plugins and
extensions.

Core Features of Eclipse IDE

At the heart of Eclipse IDE lies its robust set of core features, designed to streamline the
development workflow and enhance productivity. These features include:
1. Code Editing: Eclipse provides a powerful code editor with features like syntax
highlighting, code completion, and automatic indentation. The editor supports various
programming languages, including Java, C/C++, Python, and more, making it a versatile
choice for multi- language development.
2. Project Management: Eclipse offers sophisticated project management capabilities,
allowing developers to organize their code into projects and workspaces efficiently. It
supports common project structures and integrates seamlessly with version control systems
like Git and SVN, enabling collaborative development.
3. Debugging: Eclipse includes comprehensive debugging tools that help developers identify
and fix issues in their code. It provides features like breakpoints, watch expressions, and
variable inspection, allowing for precise control over the debugging process.
4. Refactoring: Eclipse simplifies code maintenance and optimization through its built-in
refactoring tools. Developers can easily rename variables, extract methods, and reorganize
code structures without risking unintended side effects, thanks to Eclipse's intelligent
refactoring capabilities.
5. Version Control Integration: Eclipse seamlessly integrates with popular version control
systems like Git, SVN, and CVS, allowing developers to manage their code repositories

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directly from the IDE. It provides features like commit, merge, and branch management,
streamlining the version control process.
6. Plugin Ecosystem: Eclipse boasts a vast ecosystem of plugins and extensions that extend
its functionality beyond the core features. These plugins cover a wide range of areas,
including additional language support, framework integration, code analysis, and more,
allowing developers to customize Eclipse to suit their specific needs.

Java Development with Eclipse IDE

Given below are the several advanced features:
 For any software the software update system is always the key mechanism. For the
eclipse IDE the software update system is very simple as the developer can easily add
the plug-ins that help the developer to develop the advanced version of applications.
 The dependencies are very limited in the eclipse platform as the IDE gives the facility
by providing simple dialog box in which user select the software and add-ons that
needed to be in eclipse platform.
 Enterprise based java tooling is supported by the eclipse platform. As there are several
tools available in this IDE for creating the JEE projects. The user can download the
JavaEE bundle that can be used for developing the web-based applications.
 The platform also supports JPA tooling and JSF tooling, web service development and
also supports to edit the XML files. In the platform the server view tab is available in
which application can be deployed in any server as per user requirements.
 The Spring developers also uses the same IDE platform as the eclipse also supports
spring-based applications.
 It is used for the modelling purpose as it can be perfect example for the modelling tool
and models can be easily created in the eclipse tool. The EMF technology is used for
creating the models for the projects.
 For any IDE the perspective is also the main feature that need to be focused. There are
several perspectives in the eclipse IDE like JEE perspective, plug in development,
debugging perspective helps to view the modules separately.
 The testing can be done easy using the Eclipse IDE. The debugging process can be
run smoothly for finding the bugs and threats in the application. The testing job can be
run to find the threats so that application can be developed smoothly.
 The plug-ins are available for the Eclipse IDE and user can find the plug-ins in the
Eclipse marketplace. The different type of plug-ins like static analysis, checking of
code style, checking of version of system are all available in the Eclipse Marketplace.

Components of Eclipse IDE

It consists of several sub components. All the sub systems run on top of Eclipse platform
runtime. Some of the important Eclipse components are as follows:

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  Eclipse Workbench
 Eclipse Workspace
 Eclipse Runtime

Eclipse Workspace is a directory where we can store project files, source and other project
artifacts. We need to choose an Eclipse workspace to begin Eclipse workbench.
Eclipse Workbench
Eclipse Workbench is the desktop development environment for developing and building
applications. Workbench window contains Eclipse perspectives.
Eclipse Perspective
An Eclipse perspective contains several views, menus, toolbars and editors suitable for a
specific purpose. For example, Java perspective is designed to support Java standalone
applications. Java EE perspective is designed to develop enterprise Java applications. Some
examples of Eclipse perspectives:
 Java perspective
 Java EE perspective
 Debug
 Hibernate
 Git
 JBoss
 SpotBugs

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 EXPERIMENT-4

AIM: Installation of Eclipse IDE.

Step 1: In the first step, Open your browser and navigate to this URL.

Step 2: Then, click on the “Download” button to download Eclipse IDE.

Step 3: Now, click on the “Download x86_64” button.

Step 4: Then click on the “Download” button. After clicking on the download button the
.exe file for the eclipse will be downloaded.

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Step 5: Now go to File Explorer and click on “Downloads” after that click on
the “eclipse-inst-jre-win64.exe” file for installing Eclipse IDE.

Step 6: Then, click on “Eclipse IDE for Java Developers”.

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Step 7: Then, click on the “Install” button.

Step 8: Now click on “Create a new Java project”.

Now, you are ready to make new Java projects using eclipse IDE and the screen will
look like this :

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 EXPERIMENT- 5

AIM: Write a Java program to demonstrate the concept of multithreading.

Program:

import java.lang.*;
class FirstThread extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
try
{
if(i == 3)
{
sleep(4000);
}
}
catch(Exception x)
{}
System.out.println(i);
}
System.out.println(" First Thread Finished ");
}
}
class SecondThread extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
System.out.println(" Second Thread Finished ");
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 }
}
class ThirdThread extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
System.out.println(" Third Thread Finished ");
}
}
class MultiThread
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
FirstThread a1 = new FirstThread(); SecondThread
b1 = new SecondThread(); ThirdThread c1 = new
ThirdThread(); a1.start();
b1.start();
c1.start();
}
}

OUTPUT:

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 EXPERIMENT – 6

AIM: Write a Java program to demonstrate the concept of applet.

Program:

import java.awt.*; import

java.applet.*;
public class Simple extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString("A simple Applet", 20, 20);
}
}

OUTPUT:

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 EXPERIMENT – 7

AIM: Write a java program to demonstrate the use of Java Beans.

Program:

//Employee.java

package mypack;
public class Employee implements java.io.Serializable{
private int id;
private String name;
public Employee(){}
public void setId(int id){this.id=id;}
public int getId(){return id;}
public void setName(String name){this.name=name;}
public String getName(){return name;}
}

//tester.java

package mypack;
public class tester{
public static void main(String args[]){
Employee e=new Employee();//object is created
e.setName("Arjun");//setting value to the object
System.out.println(e.getName());
}}

OUTPUT:

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 EXPERIMENT – 8

AIM: Write a Java socket program where the client sends a text & the server
receives it & prints it.

Program:

//MyServer.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(6666);
Socket s=ss.accept();//establishes connection
DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
String str=(String)dis.readUTF();
System.out.println("message= "+str);
ss.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}

//MyClient.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class MyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
Socket s=new Socket("localhost",6666);
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dout.writeUTF("Hello Server");
dout.flush();
dout.close();
s.close();
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}}
OUTPUT:

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 EXPERIMENT – 9

AIM: Write a Java program to set Cookie information using Servlet.

PROGRAM:

index.html

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Servlet1.java

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Servlet2.java

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OUTPUT:

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 EXPERIMENT – 10

AIM: Write a Java program to show user validation using Servlets.

PROGRAM:

newindex.html

validate.java

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OUTPUT:

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 EXPERIMENT – 11

AIM: Write a Java program to insert data into a table using JSP.

PROGRAM:

insert_form.jsp

InsertServlet.java

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success.jsp

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error.jsp

OUTPUT :

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 EXPERIMENT – 12

AIM: Write a JSP program to implement form data validation.

PROGRAM:

form.jsp

LoginServlet.java

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OUTPUT:

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