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    GEOGRAPHY Primary - 6 Chapter-4

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    GEOGRAPHY Primary - 6 Chapter-4

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    GEOGRAPHY Primary_6 Chapter-4

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    7 views4 pages

    GEOGRAPHY Primary - 6 Chapter-4

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    of 4

    PRIMARY SIX

    GEOGRAPHY ILBC

    Longitudes and Time


    By means of longitude we are able to divide the world into different
    time zones. There are 360 degrees of longitude in all, 180 degrees east
    and 180 degrees west. The Earth takes 24 hours, or 1440 minutes,
    to make one complete revolution. Now, if we divide 1440 by 360 the
    answer is 4 minutes, which is equal to one degree of longitude, and
    15 degrees is therefore equal to one hour. From this fact, providing
    we know the respective meridians, we are able to calculate the time
    at different places on the Earth’s surface. For example, if it is noon
    at Greenwich in London, the time at Rio de Janeiro, which is 45
    degrees West of London, must be 3 hours (45 x 4 minutes ) behind
    London time because it lies to the west: that is, it must be 9.a.m .
    At Calcutta, which is approximately 90 degrees East of London and
    therefore ahead in time, it would be 6.p.m. (90x4 minutes = 6 hours).
    Calculate the time at points A; B; C; D; E; and F in Figure 7.1. All
    places on the same line of longitude have the same time because at
    noon the sun is at its zenith at any point along that one meridian.
    We have seen that for every degree of longitude there is a
    difference of 4 minutes, but it would be inconvenient to try to make
    this small adjustment of time throughout the world, and so only
    hourly differences are taken into account. The time zone of the world
    are, therefore, based upon every 15 degrees of longitude, that is , for
    every 15 degrees there is a difference of one hour between places.
    West Noon East
    90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90

    A B C D E F

    Fig 4.1

    33
    PRIMARY SIX
    ILBC GEOGRAPHY

    In small countries such as Britain time is the same all over the
    country; but in large countries such as Canada and the United States
    there are different time zones, for North America extends over 105
    degrees of longitude and the continent has been divided into five
    time zones. They are known as Atlantic Time , Eastern Time, Central
    Time, Mountain Time and Pacific Time. Within each zone the time is
    known as Standard Time.

    Fig 4.2 Main time zones of North America

    In Europe each country has its own Standard Time, which may
    correspond with the Standard Times of neighbouring countries. In
    the British Isles, during the period of British Summer Time, clocks
    are advanced one hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T) in
    order to take full advantage of the daylight of the long summer days.
    Local Time is the real time at any place relative to the noon
    position of the sun. As an example, let us consider the case of a town
    situated 10 degrees to the west of the city on which the Standard
    Time of that zone is based. Now, although 10 degrees is a difference
    of 40 minutes in times, the clocks in both town and city will show the
    same Standard Time. Thus, when the sun is exactly over the town’s
    meridian, which would be its real noon, its clocks will show the times
    as 12:40 p.m.

    34
    PRIMARY SIX
    GEOGRAPHY ILBC

    Longitudes and Time Zones

    Exercise
    1. If Yangon longitude is 96°E, how many hours ahead or behind is
    Tokyo (135°E)?
    2. How many hours ahead or behind from Yangon is New York
    (74°W)?
    3. How many hours ahead or behind is Sydney (150°E) from
    Madagascar (45°E)?
    4. How many hours ahead or behind is Beijing (116°E) from Mexico
    City (99°W)?
    5. How many hours ahead or behind is Cairo (31°E) from Cambodia
    (105°E)?
    6. If Yangon (96°E) is 6.a.m, what is the time in London (0°)?
    7. If Los-Angeles (119°W) is 5.p.m, what is the time in New York
    (74°W)?
    8. If Kuala Lumpur (100°E) is 9.a.m, what is the time in London (0°)?
    9. If Ukraine (30°E) is 4.a.m, what is the time in Cuba (80°W)?
    10. If Hong Kong (115°E) is 10.p.m, what is the time in Brasilia
    (50°W)?
    35
    PRIMARY SIX
    ILBC GEOGRAPHY

    International date line

    36

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