OOP Lab Manual

United International University

Table of Content
Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 4
Course Outcome ....................................................................................................................................... 4

Lab1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Topics Covered .......................................................................................................................................... 5

Introduction to Java .............................................................................................................................. 5

Tools Set-Up .......................................................................................................................................... 5

Java Basics ............................................................................................................................................. 6

Arrays ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

Sample Lab Exercises ................................................................................................................................ 8

Lab2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Topics Covered .......................................................................................................................................... 9

Introduction to OOP .............................................................................................................................. 9

Sample Lab Exercises .............................................................................................................................. 11

Lab3 ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................ 12

Constructor ......................................................................................................................................... 12

User Input ........................................................................................................................................... 13

Sample Lab Exercises .............................................................................................................................. 14

Lab4 ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................ 15

Inheritance .......................................................................................................................................... 15

Method override ................................................................................................................................. 16

SubClass Polymorphism ...................................................................................................................... 16

Sample Lab Exercises .............................................................................................................................. 17

Lab5 ................................................................................................................................................... 18
Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................ 18

Abstraction: ......................................................................................................................................... 18

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 Sample Lab Exercises .............................................................................................................................. 20

Lab6 – Mid Exam ................................................................................................................................ 21

Mid Exam ................................................................................................................................................ 21

Lab7 ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................ 22

Graphical User Interface (GUI) ............................................................................................................ 22

Sample Lab Exercises .............................................................................................................................. 22

Lab8 ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................ 23

Exception............................................................................................................................................. 23

Input / Output (will use BufferedReader, BufferedWriter, PrintWriter, Scanner) ............................. 23

Sample Lab Exercises .............................................................................................................................. 23

Lab9 ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................ 24

Socket .................................................................................................................................................. 24

Sample Lab Exercises .............................................................................................................................. 25

Lab10 ................................................................................................................................................. 26
Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................ 26

Thread ................................................................................................................................................. 26

Collection ............................................................................................................................................ 26

Sample Lab Exercises .............................................................................................................................. 27

Lab11 ................................................................................................................................................. 28
Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................ 28

GUI-Graphics ....................................................................................................................................... 28

Sample Lab Exercises .............................................................................................................................. 28

Lab12-Presentation ............................................................................................................................ 30
Presentation on Project .......................................................................................................................... 30

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 Introduction
Course Outcome
• Describe the Object Oriented Programming Features.
• Able to analyze a problem and develop well designed applications using the OOP features.
• Use a modern/popular IDE to develop the application.
• Be able to use the Library effectively.
• Develop self-driven project using the concepts learned from course and their own research.

4
 Lab1
Topics Covered
• Introduction to Java
• Tools Set-up
• Java Basics
o Application Class
o Naming convention
o Programming Language Basics
o Arrays

Introduction to Java
JAVA was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc in 1991, later acquired by Oracle Corporation. It was
developed by James Gosling and Patrick Naughton.

• Java is related to C++, which is a direct descendent of C.

o Much of the character of Java is inherited from these two languages.

Tools Set-Up
Step1: Install Java and Path Set-up

• Need to install Java(JDK and JRE). Get the latest version from Java Standard Edition(SE) from
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
o After installing Java you need to set-up the “Path” environment variable which is available
from My Computer under Advanced Properties tab.
Note: Do not delete anything in “Path” variable. Just add your path “C:\Program
Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_31\bin;” (Depending on your version the path will change) at the beginning of the
existing value.

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Step 2: Install IDE

• Need an IDE: Eclipse or NetBeans or IntelliJ IDEA.

• You can install
o eclipse from : http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/eclipse-ide-java-
developers/mars1
o NetBeans: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
o IntelliJ IDEA: https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/download/#section=windows

Java Basics
Application Class
• The class that contains “main” method.
o No stand alone functions in Java - All code is part of a class
• When an application is launched, the “main” method of this class gets executed.
• Example application class:

Class Header. The file name

should be saved as the public
class name and with “.java”
extension.

Header of main method. This

is the method that will be
executed.

Method body

Standard output to
print something.

public static void main(String args[])

• main - the starting point for any java program

• public - to make this method accessible to all
• static - to call this method instantiation is not needed. JVM calls Classname.main
• void - the main method does not return anything
• String args[] - An array of string objects that holds the command line arguments passed to the
application

System.out.println()
• Used to print a text
• System - is a class in Java API (Application Program Interface)
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 • out - represents the standard output, static member of System, part of API
• println() – method to print the text

Note:
• Java assumes that you will be using a GUI for input from the user Hence there is no
"simple" way to read input from a user
• Later it is simplified by introducing “Scanner” class in Java Library – we will cover this
topic later.

Naming Convention
• All java source file should end with .java
• Each .java file can contain only one public class
• The name of the file should be the name of the public class plus ".java"
• Do not use abbreviations in the name of the class
• If the class name contains multiple words then capitalize the first letter of each word ex.
HelloWorld.java
• It’s a good practice to have one class per file

Programming Language Basics

• Data Types & Variables
• Operators
• Control Statement
o If-else-if
o Switch
o Looping
 for
 while
 do-while
o break, continue

Arrays
• Declaration and creating Array object
int[] sampleArray;
sampleArray = new int[10];
Or
int[] sampleArray = new int[10];

• Initialization
o During declaration
int[] sampleArray = {1,2,3,4,5};
o After declaration
int[] sampleArray;
sampleArray = new int[]{1,2,3,4,5};

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Sample Lab Exercises
1. Write the “Hello World” program.
Steps to follow:
• Open the IDE.
• Open a new Project named “Hello World”
• Open a new Class named “HelloWorld” ( no space in the name)
• Add the main method if it is not already added
public static void main(String[] args){

}
• Add the following statement inside the main method to print/display the text “Hello World!”
System.out.println(“Hello World!”);
• Save the file
• Now run the project from the menu bar or using the icon

2. Write a Java program to print the first 10 even numbers.

3. Write a Java program that will go through the items of an array and find the max and min value.
Take the following values as the input of the array

{2, 3, 9, 8, 13, 1, 5, 19, 15, 0, 4}

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 Lab2
Topics Covered
• Introduction to OOP

Introduction to OOP
• All computer programs consist of two elements:
o Logic (coded in functions) and data.
• In “C” we always think about action and implement the action using a function. Here the
function takes input data, processes it, and produces output data.
• But in Object-oriented programming (OOP) model, program is organized around “objects”
rather than "actions". Object is defined by a class.
• Class has 2 types of member
o Fields/Attributes – represented by instance variables
o Actions/Behaviors – represented by method

Structure/Format of Class
<modifier> class <class name>{
// Declare attributes
<modifier> <data type> <attribute name>;
<modifier> <data type> <attribute name> [=<value >] ;

// Constructor
<modifier> <class name> (<argument>){
<statements>;
}

// Method
<modifier> <return type > <method name>(<argument>){
<statements>;
}
} // end of class

Example: - Student Class

public class Student{
// Instance variables
public String name;
public String id;
public float cgpa;
public int creditCompleted;

// Constructor – we will discuss later

public Student(String name, String id, float cgpa, int creditCompleted) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.cgpa = cgpa;
this.creditCompleted = creditCompleted;
}
// Methods

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 public void updateCgpa(int credit, float gpa){
cgpa = (cgpa*creditCompleted + credit*gpa)/(creditCompleted+credit);
creditCompleted = creditCompleted + credit;
}
public float getCgpa(){
return cgpa;
}
}

Creating object and accessing members

public class TestMultipleStudents {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create object
Student studentR = new Student(); Each Object has its own
Student studentK = new Student(); copy of the fields defined
in the class.
// Assign values to attributes
studentR.name = "Rashid";
studentR.cgpa = 3.0f;
studentK and studentR has
studentR.creditCompleted = 20; different values for their
name, id, cgpa,
studentK.name = "Khaled";
studentK.cgpa = 3.0f;
creditCompleted.
studentK.creditCompleted = 20;

// display cgpa before update

System.out.println(studentR.name + "; Credit Completed: "+
studentR.creditCompleted +"; Previous cgpa: "+ studentR.cgpa);
System.out.println(studentK.name + "; Credit Completed: "+
studentK.creditCompleted +"; Previous cgpa: "+ studentK.cgpa);

// update cgpa
studentR.updateCgpa(3, 4.0f);

// display cgpa after update

System.out.println("After Update");
System.out.printf("%s; Credit Completed: %d; New cgpa: %.2f\n",
studentR.name, studentR.creditCompleted, studentR.cgpa);
System.out.printf("%s; Credit Completed: %d; New cgpa: %.2f",
studentK.name, studentK.creditCompleted, studentK.cgpa);
}
}

Output:

Rashid; Credit Completed: 20; Previous cgpa: 3.0

Khaled; Credit Completed: 20; Previous cgpa: 3.0
After Update
Rashid; Credit Completed: 23; New cgpa: 3.13
Khaled; Credit Completed: 20; New cgpa: 3.00

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Sample Lab Exercises
1. Create a class named “Box” which has 3 attribute: length, width, height and a method named
getVolume(). getVolume() method will calculate the volume of the Box and return the value.
From “main” method create 2 Box objects with different length, width, height, then call the
getVolume() method and print the volumes.
2. Create an Address Book application, where a user can create new record, update record, delete
record.
3. Create a Banking Application, where a user can create new account, deposit money, withdraw
money and check the balance.

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 Lab3
Topics Covered
• Class/Object, Constructor,
• package, access modifier
• getter/setter
• Array (Reference Type)
• User input
o Scanner
o JOptionPane (GUI)

Constructor
• A constructor
o Allocate space for instance variables.
o Initializes an object (its instance variables) immediately upon creation.
• Syntax:
o It has the same name as the class.
o Syntactically similar to a method. Except has no return type. Not even void.
 This is because the implicit return type of a class’ constructor is a reference of
class type itself.
• If no constructor is specified in a class, Java provides a parameter-less default constructor.

Example

Constructor

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Without constructor/ With default constructor With explicit constructor

public class TestStudent { public class TestStudent {

public static void main(String[] args) { public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create object // Create object
Student student = new Student();
Student student = new Student("Rashid",
// Assign values to attributes "011153001", 3.0f, 50);
student.name = "Rashid";
student.id = "011153001"; // display cgpa before update
student.cgpa = 3.0f; System.out.println("Credit Completed: "+
student.creditCompleted = 50; student.creditCompleted +"; Previous cgpa: "+
student.cgpa);
// display cgpa before update
System.out.println("Credit Completed: "+ // Calling method - update cgpa
student.creditCompleted +"; Previous cgpa: "+ student.updateCgpa(3, 4.0f);
student.cgpa); student.updateCgpa(3, 4.0f);
student.updateCgpa(3, 4.0f);
// Calling method - update cgpa
student.updateCgpa(3, 4.0f); // display cgpa after update
student.updateCgpa(3, 4.0f); System.out.printf("Credit Completed: %d; New
student.updateCgpa(3, 4.0f); cgpa: %.2f",
student.creditCompleted,student.cgpa);
// display cgpa after update
System.out.printf("Credit Completed: %d; }
New cgpa: %.2f",
student.creditCompleted,student.cgpa);
}
}

User Input
Example:

• Code to read user input using Scanner:(need to import java.util.Scanner)

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

int intInput = scan.nextInt(); //read the next input and convert it to integer
double dInput = scan.nextDouble(); // read the next input as double
String sInut = scan.next(); //read the next input as String
String lInput = scan.nextLine(); // read the whole line as input
scan.close();

• Code to read user input using JOptionPane: (need to import javax.swing.JOptionPane)

String input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Enter your input:"); // always

read the input as String

// Need to convert to appropriate type before using it

int intInput = Integer.parseInt(input); // Convert String to integer

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 double dInput = Double.parseDouble(input); // Convert String to double

Output:

Sample Lab Exercises

1. Write a Java application which will prompt user to provide a number as input. Read input as
number and display the square of the number.
2. Write a Java application which will prompt user to provide two numbers as input. Read inputs,
calculate the sum of those 2 numbers and display the result.
3. Create a book store application which will help a book store owner to keep the record of its
books, show all available books, sell books (should be able to sell multiple copies), and order
new/existing books from publishers.

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 Lab4
Topics Covered
• Inheritance
• Method override
• SubClass Polymorphism

Inheritance
• Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object.
• It is a way to form new classes using classes that have already been defined.
• The new classes (child classes), take over (or inherit) attributes and behavior of the pre-existing
classes (parent classes).

Name of the
Example
Child Class

Inheritance
keyword

Name of the
Parent Class

We can access parent’s variable and

method through child’s object.

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Output:
Parent Method
In Child ParentVariable=10, ChildVariable=5
Parent Method
10

Method override
• A class replacing an ancestor's implementation of a method with an implementation of it own.
• When overriding a method in child class
o Method Signature(name and argument list) and return type must be the same as the
parent method.
o Child method could be equal or more accessible.

Example:

Parent class’s
method

Child class re-implemented

Parent’s method

Child’s method get executed

Output: instead of parent’s method.
Overriden Method
In Child ParentVariable=10, ChildVariable=5
Overriden Method
10

SubClass Polymorphism
• A parent class reference is used to refer to a child class object.
• Couple things to remember:
16
 o The only possible way to access an object is through a reference variable.
o The type of the reference variable would determine the methods that it can invoke on the
object.
• Using subclass polymorphism we can call or execute the child-class overriding method by the
parent-class object

Example

All 4 types of objects

are referenced by
Parent type variable.

Notice the output:

Output
During execution the
method of the class
the object belong to
get executed.

Sample Lab Exercises

1. Create an Employee record system for a company. The application will help the company to
view record of a specific employee, update his info. The Company has 4 types of employee
(Salaried, Hourly, Commission, and Base plus commission), your application must handle all
types of employee.
2. Create a Banking System, where a user can create new account, deposit money, withdraw
money and check the balance. The application must handle different types of account e.g.
“Savings Account”, “Current Account” or a “Student Account”

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 Lab5
Topics Covered
• Abstraction
o Abstract Class
o Interface
• ArrayList
• static keyword

Abstraction:
• Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details from the user, only the
functionality will be provided to the user.
• In other words, the user will have the information on what the object does instead of how it
does it.
• In Java, abstraction is achieved using
• Abstract classes and
• interfaces

Abstract Class
An abstract class is a class that is incomplete, in that it describes a set of operations, but is missing the
actual implementation of these operations. Abstract classes:
• Cannot be instantiated.
• So, can only be used through inheritance.

Example: Abstract Class

abstract class Animal{
// instance variables
String name, color;
double weight;

// Constructors
Animal(){ }
Animal(String name, String color, double weight){
this.name = name;
this.color = color;
this.weight = weight;
}

Animal(String name, String color){ this(name,color, 0.0); }

// Concrete methods
public void eat(){ System.out.println(name + " eats."); }

// abstract methods
public abstract void makeSound();
}

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 class Bird extends Animal{
public Bird() { name = "Bird"; }

@Override
public void makeSound() { System.out.println("Chirp"); }
}

class Tiger extends Animal{

public Tiger() { name = "Tiger"; }

@Override
public void makeSound() { System.out.println("Roar"); }
}

public class TestAnimal { Output:

public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal b = new Bird();
Animal t = new Tiger();
b.eat();
t.eat();
b.makeSound();
t.makeSound();
}
}

Interface
• Using interface, you can specify what a class must do, but not how it does it.
o Interfaces can specify public methods but might not have the implementation of
methods.
• Once it is defined, any number of classes can implement an interface.
• Also, one class can implement any number of interfaces.

Example: Interface
interface Flyable{
String media = "Sky";

void fly();
boolean needFuel();
}

class Bird implements Flyable{

@Override
public void fly(){ System.out.printf("Bird can fly in the %s\n", Flyable.media);}

@Override
public boolean needFuel() { return false; }
}

class Airplane implements Flyable{

@Override
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 public void fly(){ System.out.printf("Plane can fly in the %s\n", Flyable.media);}

@Override
public boolean needFuel() { return true; }
}

public class TestInterface {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Bird b = new Bird();
Airplane a = new Airplane ();
a.fly();
b.fly();
}
}

Sample Lab Exercises

1. Create an abstract class named Shape that contains two instance variables “dim1” and “dim2”
of integer type and an abstract method named printArea(). Develop classes named Rectangle,
Triangle and Circle which will be the subclasses of Shape class. Override the printArea() method
and prints the area of the given shape.

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 Lab6 – Mid Exam
Mid Exam

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 Lab7
Topics Covered
• Graphical User Interface(GUI)

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

• 2 libraries
o Swing (javax.swing.* package)
o AWT (java.awt.* package)

• Consists of multiple parts

o Containers
o Components
o Events
o Graphics

Sample Lab Exercises

1. Write a simple Java Swing/AWT based application for Counter. The UI contains a Label (“Counter”), a
non-editable TextField and 2 Buttons (“Count” and “Reset”). TextField will show the value of the
counter. Clicking the “Count” Button will increase the value of the counter by 1and displays the
value in the TextField. Clicking the “Reset” button will reset the TextFeld value back to 0.

2. Make the TextField of problem#1 editable and add the following

a. If user enters a number to the TextField, clicking the Button will increase the number by
1 and show the value.

3. Create a GUI application where clicking a button will check/uncheck a CheckBox and also change the
text of the button. Clicking the button will
b. Check/Select the checkbox if it is not checked/selected. Also set the text of the Button
to “UnCheck”.
c. Uncheck/Unselect the checkbox if it is checked/selected. Also set the text of the Button
to “Check”.

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 Lab8
Topics Covered
• Exception
• Input / Output (will use BufferedReader, BufferedWriter, PrintWriter, Scanner)

Exception
• An exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal
flow of the program's instructions.
• Following are some scenarios where an exception occurs.
o A user has entered an invalid data.
o A file that needs to be opened cannot be found.
o A network connection has been lost in the middle of communications or the JVM has run
out of memory.
• We need to handle the exception using try-catch-finally block to avoid abnormal shutdown of the
program.

Input / Output (will use BufferedReader, BufferedWriter, PrintWriter, Scanner)

• The java.io package – contains Stream classes to perform input and output (I/O) in Java.
• All these streams represent
o An input source and
o An output destination.
o Supports many data such as primitives, Object, localized characters, etc.

Sample Lab Exercises

1. Write a Java application which will prompt user to provide two numbers as input. Read inputs,
calculate the sum of those 2 numbers and display the result. If any of the input is a negative
number, throw an InvalidParameterException.

2. Assume a file “input.txt” contains comma-separated numbers. Write an application to read the
numbers from the “input.txt” file, parse those numbers, calculate the summation, and then
write the result to a different file name “output.txt”.

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 Lab9
Topics Covered
• Socket

Socket
Socket is the Java programming model to establish a two-way communication link between two
programs running on the network.

Example: Server-side Code

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class ServerExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket s = null;
Socket s1 = null;
try {
s = new ServerSocket(5401);
s1 = s.accept();
System.out.println("Connection Extablished");

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new

InputStreamReader(s1.getInputStream()));

String inp = br.readLine();

while (inp != null && !inp.equals("exit")) {
System.out.println("Read:" + inp );
inp = br.readLine();
}
System.out.println("Read:" + inp );
br.close();
if (!s1.isClosed())
s1.close();
}
catch(IOException e) {
}
}
}

Example: Client-side Code

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;

public class ClientExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket s1 = null;
try{
s1 = new Socket("localhost",5401);
System.out.println("Client: Connection Extablished");
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 BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new
OutputStreamWriter(s1.getOutputStream()));
for(int i = 0; i<5; i++)
{
bw.write("Hello:"+i);
Thread.sleep(200);
bw.newLine();
bw.flush();
}
bw.close();
if (!s1.isClosed())
s1.close();
}catch(IOException | InterruptedException e)
{ }
}
}

Sample Lab Exercises

1. Write a socket program where a client and server will communicate with each other. Client will
write to socket and Server will read from the socket.

25
 Lab10
Topics Covered
• Thread
• Socket
• Collections

Thread
Thread is an independent path of execution through program code.

Example:

public class TestThread { Sample Output:

public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread t1 = new Thread(new ThreadJobText());
Thread t2 = new Thread(new ThreadJobText());
Thread t3 = new Thread(new ThreadJobText());

// Start the thread

t1.start();t2.start();t3.start();
try { Thread.sleep(30);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Main completed");
}
}

class ThreadJobText implements Runnable{

@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+":"+i);
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

Collection
• Collection (sometimes called a container) is an object that holds other objects that are accessed,
placed, and maintained under some set of rules.

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 • Examples
o Sets
o List
o Map

Sample Lab Exercises

1) Create a multithreaded program by using Runnable interface and then create, initialize and start
three Thread objects from your class. The threads will execute concurrently and display from 0
to 100 in the format [thread name: number].

2) Write a program to take numbers as input from user, add to an ArrayList and HashSet, and then
print the items in the List and Set. While running the application try to enter same numbers
multiple time and watch the changes in list and set.

27
 Lab11
Topics Covered
• GUI-Graphics

GUI-Graphics
• All graphics are drawn relative to a window.
• The origin of each window is at the top-left corner and is 0,0.
• Coordinates are specified in pixels.
• A graphics context is encapsulated by the Graphics class.
• Two ways to obtain a graphics.
• It is passed to a method, such as paint( )/paintComponent() or update( ), as an
argument.
• It is returned by the getGraphics( ) method of Component.
• Graphics class defines a number of methods that draw various types of objects, such as lines,
rectangles, and arcs.
• Objects can be drawn edge-only or filled.
• Objects are drawn in the currently selected color, which is black by default.

Example:
import java.awt.*; Output
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class DrawCircle extends JFrame {
int x = 90, y = 90, d=40;

public DrawCircle() {
setSize(200, 200);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}

public void paint(Graphics g) {

g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.fillOval(x, y, d, d);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

new DrawCircle();
}
}

Sample Lab Exercises

1. Create a GUI application where you will draw a circle of diameter 30 at a point where user clicks
the mouse.
28
 2. Create an application where a circle will be drawn after every 20 milliseconds. Use timer to fire
the drawing event at every 20 millisecond and draw at (x+20, y) location where x and y is the
coordinate of upper left corner of the last drawn circle.
Note: Timer uses ActionListener for event handling. See below for the code to start a
timer.
Timer t = new Timer(20, this);
t.start();

3. Create a simple game

29
 Lab12-Presentation
Presentation on Project

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