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    Haloalkane

    Uploaded by

    mikumo81
    chemistry stpm term 3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Haloalkane

    Uploaded by

    mikumo81
    7 views2 pages
    chemistry stpm term 3

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    chemistry stpm term 3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    7 views2 pages

    Haloalkane

    Uploaded by

    mikumo81
    chemistry stpm term 3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    4.

    Haloalkane/Alkyl halide
    aq NaOH/reflux CH3CH2OH (nucleophilic subst)
    from
    NaOH (or base)
    Alkane
    ethanolic NaOH CH2==CH2 + H2O + NaCl
    CH3CH3
    Cl2/uv reflux (elimination)
    +
    KCN/et, reflux H2O/H CH3CH2COOH
    From alkene HCl CH3CH2CN heat
    CH2==CH2 H2/Ni, 180 C or LiAlH4/ether
    CH3 CH2Cl
    CH3CH2CH2NH2
    PCl3 or HCl Limited NH3 (CH3CH2)4N+
    From alcohol or PCl5 or SOCl2 Conc. NH3/ethanol excess CH3CH2Cl
    CH3CH2OH Heat excess NH3 CH3CH2NH2

    Mg/dry ether CH3CH2MgX i. R--C==O CH3CH2C-- OH


    Li/dry ether CH3CH2Li ii. H2O R

    AgNO3/et CH3CH2OH + AgCl


    (White ppt—test for alkyl halide)
    AgBr—cream/pale yellow ppt
    AgI---yellow ppt)
    Alkene
    CH2==CH2

    Aq NaOH /refux
    C2H4Br2 KCN/et, reflux
    2 str. isomers
    H
    CH3—C--Br Aq NaOH/reflux
    Br CH3CHO
    Alkane
    ethanolic NaOH/reflux
    CH3CH3
    5. Chlorobenzene
    (i) aq NaOH/360 C, 200 atm (ii) H+
    (or high temp. & high pressure)
    Aq NaOH
    Aq NaOH/reflux no reaction

    Cl2 /anh AlCl3 AgNO3/et No observation


    Li/dry ether Li
    RCHO
    Mg/dry ether MgCl H2O alcohol

    Conc. HNO3/conc. H2SO4

    Cl2/anh. AlCl3

    CH3Cl/anh. AlCl3

    (all electrophilic substitution reactions, halogen deactivates but directs


    ortho and para)

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