ECCouncil 312-38

Certified Network Defender

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Question 1

FILL BLANK

Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. ________________________ is the complete network
configuration and information toolkit that uses multi-threaded and multi-connection technologies in order to
be very fast and efficient.

Options:

A. NetRanger

Answer:

Explanation:
NetRanger is the complete network configuration and information toolkit that includes the following tools: a
Ping tool, Trace Route tool, Host Lookup tool, Internet time synchronizer, Whois tool, Finger Unix hosts
tool, Host and port scanning tool, check multiple POP3 mail accounts tool, manage dialup connections tool,
Quote of the day tool, and monitor Network Settings tool. These tools are integrated in order to use an
application interface with full online help. NetRanger is designed for both new and experienced users. This
tool is used to help diagnose network problems and to get information about users, hosts, and networks on
the Internet or on a user computer network. NetRanger uses multi-threaded and multi-connection
technologies in order to be very fast and efficient.

Question 2

FILL BLANK

Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. A _______________device is used for uniquely recognizing
humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits.

Options:

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A. biometric

Answer:

Explanation:
A biometric device is used for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic, physical, or
behavioral traits.
Biometrics is used as a form of identity access management and access control. It is also used to identify
individuals in groups that are under surveillance. Biometric characteristics can be divided into two main
classes:
1. Physiological: These devices are related to the shape of the body. These are not limited to the
fingerprint, face recognition, DNA, hand and palm geometry, and iris recognition, which has largely
replaced the retina and odor/scent.
2. Behavioral: These are related to the behavior of a person. They are not limited to the typing rhythm, gait,
and voice.

Question 3
Which of the following analyzes network traffic to trace specific transactions and can intercept and log
traffic passing over a digital network? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that
apply.

Options:

A. Wireless sniffer

B. Spectrum analyzer

C. Protocol analyzer

D. Performance Monitor

Answer: A, C

Explanation:
Protocol analyzer (also known as a network analyzer, packet analyzer or sniffer, or for particular types of
networks, an Ethernet sniffer or wireless sniffer) is computer software or computer hardware that can
intercept and log traffic passing over a digital network. As data streams flow across the network, the sniffer
captures each packet and, if needed, decodes and analyzes its content according to the appropriate RFC
or other specifications.
Answer option D is incorrect. Performance Monitor is used to get statistical information about the hardware
and software components of a server.
Answer option B is incorrect. A spectrum analyzer, or spectral analyzer, is a device that is used to examine
the spectral composition of an electrical, acoustic, or optical waveform. It may also measure the power
spectrum.

Question 4

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ECCouncil 312-38

In which of the following conditions does the system enter ROM monitor mode? Each correct answer
represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.

Options:

A. The router does not have a configuration file.

B. There is a need to set operating parameters.

C. The user interrupts the boot sequence.

D. The router does not find a valid operating system image.

Answer: C, D

Explanation:
The system enters ROM monitor mode if the router does not find a valid operating system image, or if a
user interrupts the boot sequence. From ROM monitor mode, a user can boot the device or perform
diagnostic tests.
Answer option A is incorrect. If the router does not have a configuration file, it will automatically enter Setup
mode when the user switches it on. Setup mode creates an initial configuration.
Answer option B is incorrect. Privileged EXEC is used for setting operating parameters.

Question 5
Which of the following protocols is used for exchanging routing information between two gateways in a
network of autonomous systems?

Options:

A. IGMP

B. ICMP

C. EGP

D. OSPF

Answer: C

Explanation:
EGP stands for Exterior Gateway Protocol. It is used for exchanging routing information between two
gateways in a network of autonomous systems. This protocol depends upon periodic polling with proper
acknowledgements to confirm that network connections are up and running, and to request for routing
updates. Each router requests its neighbor at an interval of 120 to 480 seconds, for sending the routing
table updates. The neighbor host then responds by sending its routing table. EGP-2 is the latest version of
EGP.
Answer option B is incorrect. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a maintenance protocol that
allows routers and host computers to swap basic control information when data is sent from one computer
to another. It is generally considered a part of the IP layer. It allows the computers on a network to share

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error and status information. An ICMP message, which is encapsulated within an IP datagram, is very
useful to troubleshoot the network connectivity and can be routed throughout the Internet.
Answer option A is incorrect. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communication protocol
that multicasts messages and information among all member devices in an IP multicast group. However,
multicast traffic is sent to a single MAC address but is processed by multiple hosts. It can be effectively
used for gaming and showing online videos. IGMP is vulnerable to network attacks.
Answer option D is incorrect. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol that is used in large
networks. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) designates OSPF as one of the Interior Gateway
Protocols. A host uses OSPF to obtain a change in the routing table and to immediately multicast updated
information to all the other hosts in the network.

Question 6
Which of the following is a 16-bit field that identifies the source port number of the application program in
the host that is sending the segment?

Options:

A. Sequence Number

B. Header Length

C. Acknowledgment Number

D. Source Port Address

Answer: D

Explanation:
Source Port Address is a 16-bit field that identifies the source port number of the application program in the
host that is sending the segment.
Answer option C is incorrect. This is a 32-bit field that identifies the byte number that the sender of the
segment is expecting to receive from the receiver.
Answer option B is incorrect. This is a 4-bit field that defines the 4-byte words in the TCP header. The
header length can be between 20 and 60 bytes. Therefore, the value of this field can be between 5 and 15.
Answer option A is incorrect. This is a 32-bit field that identifies the number assigned to the first byte of data
contained in the segment.

Question 7

FILL BLANK

Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. ______________________ is typically carried out by a remote
attacker attempting to gain information or access to a network on which it is not authorized or allowed.

Options:

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A. Network reconnaissance

Answer:

Explanation:
Network reconnaissance is typically carried out by a remote attacker attempting to gain information or
access to a network on which it is not authorized or allowed. Network reconnaissance is increasingly used
to exploit network standards and automated communication methods. The aim is to determine what types
of computers are present, along with additional information about those computers such as the type and
version of the operating system. This information can be analyzed for known or recently discovered
vulnerabilities that can be exploited to gain access to secure networks and computers. Network
reconnaissance is possibly one of the most common applications of passive data analysis. Early generation
techniques, such as TCP/IP passive fingerprinting, have accuracy issues that tended to make it ineffective.
Today, numerous tools exist to make reconnaissance easier and more effective.

Question 8

FILL BLANK

Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. The _____________is an application layer protocol that is used
between workstations and routers for transporting SNA/NetBIOS traffic over TCP sessions.

Options:

A. DCAP

Answer:

Explanation:
The Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol (DCAP) is an application layer protocol that is used
between workstations and routers for transporting SNA/NetBIOS traffic over TCP sessions. It was
introduced in order to address a few deficiencies by the Data Link Switching Protocol (DLSw). The DLSw
raises the important issues of scalability and efficiency, and since DLSw is a switch-to-switch protocol, it is
not efficient when implemented on workstations. DCAP was introduced in order to address these issues.

Question 9
John works as a professional Ethical Hacker. He has been assigned the project of testing the security of
www.we-are-secure.com. He is using a tool to crack the wireless encryption keys. The description of the
tool is as follows:

„It is a Linux-based WLAN WEP cracking tool that recovers encryption keys. It operates by passively
monitoring transmissions. It uses Ciphertext Only Attack and captures approximately 5 to 10 million packets
to decrypt the WEP keys.“

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Which of the following tools is John using to crack the wireless encryption keys?

Options:

A. PsPasswd

B. Kismet

C. AirSnort

D. Cain

Answer: C

Explanation:
AirSnort is a Linux-based WLAN WEP cracking tool that recovers encryption keys. AirSnort operates by
passively monitoring transmissions. It uses Ciphertext Only Attack and captures approximately 5 to 10
million packets to decrypt the WEP keys.
Answer option B is incorrect. Kismet is a Linux-based 802.11 wireless network sniffer and intrusion
detection system. It can work with any wireless card that supports raw monitoring (rfmon) mode. Kismet
can sniff 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, and 802.11n traffic. Kismet can be used for the following tasks:
To identify networks by passively collecting packets
To detect standard named networks
To detect masked networks
To collect the presence of non-beaconing networks via data traffic
Answer option D is incorrect. Cain is a multipurpose tool that can be used to perform many tasks such as
Windows password cracking, Windows enumeration, and VoIP session sniffing. This password cracking
program can perform the following types of password cracking attacks:
Dictionary attack
Brute force attack
Rainbow attack
Hybrid attack
Answer option A is incorrect. PsPasswd is a tool that helps Network Administrators change an account
password on the local or remote system. The command syntax of PsPasswd is as follows:
pspasswd [\\computer[,computer[,..] | @file [-u user [-p psswd]] Username [NewPassword]

Question 10

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ECCouncil 312-38

John works as a C programmer. He develops the following C program:

His program is vulnerable to a __________ attack.

Options:

A. SQL injection

B. Denial-of-Service

C. Buffer overflow

D. Cross site scripting

Answer: C

Explanation:
This program takes a user-supplied string and copies it into 'buffer1', which can hold up to 10 bytes of data.
If a user sends more than 10 bytes, it would result in a buffer overflow.

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