Interpretation
Interpretation
Interpretation
Interpretation
-------------------------------------------------------------
| RESULT | REMARKS |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------|
| Reactive | Indicates presence of IgM & IgG antibodies |
| | against non-treponemal antigens |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------|
| Non-Reactive | Indicates absence of IgM & IgG antibodies |
| | against non-treponemal antigens |
-------------------------------------------------------------
Note
1. Titers of 1: 8 and above are significant.
2. Titers are reported only in reactive cases.
Comments
This is a screening test for syphilis which is useful for following the progression of disease and response to
therapy. Rising titers are of immense value in confirming the diagnosis. Biological false positive reactions
exhibit low titers and are seen in conditions like Viral fevers, Mycoplasma infection, Chlamydia infection,
Malaria, Immunizations, Pregnancy, Autoimmune disorders & past history of Treponemal infection. It is
advisable to confirm the diagnosis by treponemal tests such as TPHA & FTA- ABS.
RPR test though popularly known as VDRL test includes common non- treponemal antigens except in RPR it
is coated with charcoal particles to improve sensitivity of the test.
Sensitivity and Specificity in different stages of Syphilis
-----------------------------------------------
| Stage of Syphilis | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|-------------------|-------------|-------------|
| Primary | 60-86% | 93-99% |
|-------------------|-------------|-------------|
| Secondary | 100% | 93-99% |
|-------------------|-------------|-------------|
| Tertiary | 98% | 93-99% |
-----------------------------------------------
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* All reactive results should be subjected for confirmatory test which can be requested as Test Code S116.
Note
1. This is a screening test and the result should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings and
other diagnostic tests.
2. This assay is used for qualitative detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) in serum samples
and cannot differentiate between the stages of Hepatitis B viral infection. Detection of HBsAg may be
observed in Hepatitis B viral infection for transient period of time after HBV vaccination.
3. The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Rapid Test cannot detect less than 1 ng/mL of HBsAg in specimens.
Sensitivity and Specificity of this HBsAg test by Immunochromatography is 99.8% and 99.2%
respectively.
4. False negative reaction may be due to processing of sample collected early in the course of disease
or presence of mutant forms of HBsAg.
5. For monitoring HBsAg levels, Quantitative HBsAg assay is recommended.
6. Test conducted on serum.
Comment
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a member of the Hepadna virus family causing infections of the liver with variable
clinical features. Hepatitis B is transmitted by blood and body fluids, sexually and from mother to fetus. In
most cases HBV hepatitis is self limiting, but 1-2% adolescents and adults develop Chronic Hepatitis.
Frequency of chronic HBV infection is 5-10% in immunocompromised patients and 80% in neonates.
HBsAg is the first serological marker after infection with HBV appearing 1-10 weeks after exposure and 2-8
weeks before the onset of clinical symptoms. HBsAg persists during the acute phase and disappears 12-20
weeks after onset of symptoms late in the convalescence period. Persistence of HBsAg for more than six
months indicates development of carrier state or Chronic liver disease.
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Interpretation
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| REFERENCE GROUP | REFERENCE RANGE IN uIU/mL |
| | (As per American Thyroid |
| |Association) |
|--------------------------|---------------------------|
|PREGNANCY | |
|--------------------------|---------------------------|
|1st Trimester | 0.10-2.50 |
|--------------------------|---------------------------|
|2nd Trimester | 0.20-3.00 |
|--------------------------|---------------------------|
|3rd Trimester | 0.30-3.00 |
------------------------------------------------------
Note
TSH levels are subject to circadian variation, reaching peak levels between 2 - 4.a.m. and at a
minimum between 6-10 pm . The variation is of the order of 50%, hence time of the day has influence
on the measured serum TSH concentrations.
Clinical Use
· Diagnose Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
· Monitor T4 replacement or T4 suppressive therapy
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Interpretation
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| WEEKS OF GESTATION | HCG, FREE BETA | PAPP-A |
| | MEDIANS (ng/ml) | MEDIANS (mIU/ml) |
|--------------------|--------------------|------------------|
| 9 | 74.75 | 0.90 |
|--------------------|--------------------|------------------|
| 10 | 59.99 | 1.40 |
|--------------------|--------------------|------------------|
| 11 | 48.14 | 2.19 |
|--------------------|--------------------|------------------|
| 12 | 38.64 | 3.42 |
|--------------------|--------------------|------------------|
| 13 | 31.01 | 5.34 |
|--------------------|--------------------|------------------|
| NON PREGNANT | < 2.00 | |
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
| DISORDER | SCREEN POSITIVE CUT OFF |
|--------------------|---------------------------------------|
| Trisomy 21 (Down) | 1:250 |
|--------------------|---------------------------------------|
| Trisomy 18/13 | 1:100 |
------------------------------------------------------------
Note
· Statistical evaluation has been done using CE marked PRISCA 5 software.
· Screening tests are based on statistical analysis of patient demographic and biochemical data. They simply indicate a
high or low risk category. Confirmation of screen positives is recommended by Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS).
· The interpretive unit is MoM (Multiples of Median) which takes into account variables such as gestational age
(ultrasound), maternal weight, race, insulin dependent Diabetes, multiple gestation, IVF (Date of Birth of Donor, if
applicable), smoking & previous history of Down syndrome. Accurate availability of this data for Risk Calculation
is critical.
· Ideally all pregnant women should be screened for Prenatal disorders irrespective of maternal age. The test is valid
between 9-13.6 weeks of gestation, but ideal sampling time is between 10-13 weeks gestation.
· First trimester detection rate of Down syndrome is 60% with a false positive rate of 5%. A combination of Nuchal
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Comments
First trimester screening for Prenatal disorders (Trisomy 21, 18 & 13) is essential to identify those women at sufficient risk for
a congenital anomaly in the fetus to warrant further evaluation and followup. For Open neural tube defects, second trimester
screening before 20 weeks is recommended. These are screening procedures which cannot discriminate all affected
pregnancies from all unaffected pregnancies. Screening cutoffs are established by using MoM values that maximize the
detection rate and minimize false positives.
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*Test results released pertain to the specimen submitted .*All test results are dependent on the quality of the sample received by the Laboratory .
*Laboratory investigations are only a tool to facilitate in arriving at a diagnosis and should be clinically correlated by the Referring Physician .*Sample
repeats are accepted on request of Referring Physician within 7 days post reporting.*Report delivery may be delayed due to unforeseen
circumstances. Inconvenience is regretted.*Certain tests may require further testing at additional cost for derivation of exact value. Kindly submit
request within 72 hours post reporting.*Test results may show interlaboratory variations .*The Courts/Forum at Delhi shall have exclusive
jurisdiction in all disputes/claims concerning the test(s) & or results of test(s).*Test results are not valid for medico legal purposes. * Contact
customer care Tel No. +91-11-39885050 for all queries related to test results.
(#) Sample drawn from outside source.
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Trisomy 13/18 + NT
1:1000 (Bicohemical + NT)
<1:10000
1:10000
Age Risk
13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 Age
1:983
TRISOMY 21 SCREENING
SCREEN NEGATIVE
The calculated risk for Trisomy 21 (with nuchal translucency) is below the cut off, which indicates a
low risk.
After the result of the Trisomy 21 test (with NT) it is expected that among 1280 women with the same data,
there is one woman with a trisomy 21 pregnancy and 1279 women with not affected pregnancies.
The calculated risk by PRISCA depends on the accuracy of the information provided by the referring
physician.
Please note that Risk calculations are statistical approaches and have limited diagnostics value.
TRISOMY 18 SCREENING
SCREEN NEGATIVE
The calculated risk for trisomy 13/18 (with nuchal translucency) is < 1:10000, which represents a
low risk.
Note : The patient combined risk presumes the NT measurement was done according to accepted guidelines (Prenat Diag 18:511-523(1998)).
COMMENTS:
DR ASITAVA ROY
AUTHORIZED BY
Report Printing Date: 23. Oct 2019 PRISCA 5.0.2.37 Dr. Lal Path Labs Ltd.
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below cut off Below Cut Off, but above Age Risk above cut off