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Lecture 3 Equilibrium of Particles

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9 views

Lecture 3 Equilibrium of Particles

Uploaded by

sysybituin27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EQUILIBRIUM

OF A PARTICLE
LECTURE 3 SRBN01E
DREXSIBAL
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the concept of the free-
body diagram for a particle.
To show how to solve particle
equilibrium problems using the
equations of equilibrium.
CONDITION FOR THE
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE
This condition may be stated mathematically as

∑F = 0
where ∑F is the vector sum of all the forces acting on the particle.
SPACE DIAGRAM
THE FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
To apply the equation of equilibrium, we
must account for all the known and
unknown forces (∑F) which act on the
particle.
Free-body diagram (FBD) – a drawing that
shows the particle with all the forces that
act on it.
TWO TYPES OF CONNECTIONS
 SPRINGS
A characteristic that defines the “elasticity” of a spring is the spring constant or stiffness k .
TWO TYPES OF CONNECTIONS
 Cable - can support only a tension or “pulling” force, and this force always acts in the direction
of the cable.
PROCEDURE FOR DRAWING
A FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
Draw Outlined Shape. Imagine the particle to be isolated or cut “free” from its
surroundings by drawing its outlined shape.
Show All Forces. Indicate on this sketch all the forces that act on the particle .
These forces can be active forces , which tend to set the particle in motion, or
they can be reactive forces which are the result of the constraints or supports
that tend to prevent motion. To account for all these forces, it may be helpful to
trace around the particle’s boundary, carefully noting each force acting on it.
Identify Each Force. The forces that are known should be labeled with their
proper magnitudes and directions. Letters are used to represent the magnitudes
and directions of forces that are unknown.
FBD Examples 1 and 2
Spring/Cable FBD Example 1
The sphere in the figure a has a mass of 6 kg and is supported as shown. Draw a free-body
diagram of the sphere, the cord CE , and the knot at C
COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
Procedure for Analysis
Free-Body Diagram.
 Establish the x, y axes in any suitable orientation.
 Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and directions on the diagram.
 The sense of a force having an unknown magnitude can be assumed.

Equations of Equilibrium.
 Apply the equations of equilibrium, ∑Fx = 0 and ∑Fy = 0.
 Components are positive if they are directed along a positive axis, and negative if they are directed along a negative axis.
 If more than two unknowns exist and the problem involves a spring, apply F = ks to relate the spring force to the deformation s of the
spring.
 Since the magnitude of a force is always a positive quantity, then if the solution for a force yields a negative result, this indicates that its
sense is the reverse of that shown on the free-body diagram.
Consider the 75-kg crate shown in the space diagram. This crate was lying
between two buildings, and is now being lifted onto a truck, which will remove
it. The crate is supported by a vertical cable that is joined at A to two ropes,
which pass over pulleys attached to the buildings at B and C. Determine the
Example 1 tension in each of the ropes AB and AC.
Example 1
Example 2
Determine the tension in cables BA and BC necessary to support the 60-kg cylinder
Example 2
Example 3
Determine the required length of cord AC so that the 8-kg lamp can be suspended in the
position shown. The undeformed length of spring AB is 0.4 m, and the spring has a stiffness of
kAB = 300 N/m
Example 3
Practice Problem 1
The members of a truss
are pin connected at
joint O . Determine the
magnitude of F1 and its
angle ϴ for equilibrium.
Set F2 = 6 kN.

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