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R programming lab

computer science (Ideal Institute of Technology)

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Week 7: a)Reading different types of data sets (.txt, .csv) from Web or disk and writing in file in
specific disk location

File reading in R

One of the important formats to store a file is in a text file. R provides various methods that
one can read data from a text file.
read.delim(): This method is used for reading “tab-separated value” files (“.txt”).
By default, point (“.”) is used as decimal points.
Syntax: read.delim(file, header = TRUE, sep = “\t”, dec = “.”, …)
Parameters:
file: the path to the file containing the data to be read into R.
header: a logical value. If TRUE, read.delim() assumes that your file has a header
row, so row 1 is the name of each column. If that’s not the case, you can add the
argument header = FALSE.
sep: the field separator character. “\t” is used for a tab-delimited file.
dec: the character used in the file for decimal points.
Example:
R

# R program reading a text file

# Read a text file using read.delim()

myData = read.delim("geeksforgeeks.txt", header =
FALSE)
print(myData)

Output:
1 A computer science portal for geeks.
Note: The above R code, assumes that the file “geeksforgeeks.txt” is in your current working
directory. To know your current working directory, type the function getwd() in R console.
read.delim2(): This method is used for reading “tab-separated value” files (“.txt”).
By default, point (“,”) is used as decimal points.
Syntax: read.delim2(file, header = TRUE, sep = “\t”, dec = “,”, …)
Parameters:
file: the path to the file containing the data to be read into R.
header: a logical value. If TRUE, read.delim2() assumes that your file has a header
row, so row 1 is the name of each column. If that’s not the case, you can add the
argument header = FALSE.
sep: the field separator character. “\t” is used for a tab-delimited file.
dec: the character used in the file for decimal points.

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Example:
R

# R program reading a text file

# Read a text file using read.delim2

myData = read.delim2("geeksforgeeks.txt", header =
FALSE)
print(myData)

Output:
1 A computer science portal for geeks.
file.choose(): In R it’s also possible to choose a file interactively using the
function file.choose(), and if you’re a beginner in R programming then this method
is very useful for you.
Example:

# R program reading a text file using file.choose()

myFile = read.delim(file.choose(), header = FALSE)

# If you use the code above in RStudio
# you will be asked to choose a file
print(myFile)

Output:
1 A computer science portal for geeks.

Reading a file in a table format

Another popular format to store a file is in a tabular format. R provides various methods that
one can read data from a tabular formatted data file.
read.table(): read.table() is a general function that can be used to read a file in table format.
The data will be imported as a data frame.
Syntax: read.table(file, header = FALSE, sep = “”, dec = “.”)
Parameters:
file: the path to the file containing the data to be imported into R.
header: logical value. If TRUE, read.table() assumes that your file has a header
row, so row 1 is the name of each column. If that’s not the case, you can add
the argument header = FALSE.
sep: the field separator character
dec: the character used in the file for decimal points.

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Example:
R

# R program to read a file in table format

# Using read.table()
myData = read.table("basic.csv")
print(myData)

Output:
1 Name,Age,Qualification,Address
2 Amiya,18,MCA,BBS
3 Niru,23,Msc,BLS
4 Debi,23,BCA,SBP
5 Biku,56,ISC,JJP
read.csv(): read.csv() is used for reading “comma separated value” files (“.csv”). In this also
the data will be imported as a data frame.
Syntax: read.csv(file, header = TRUE, sep = “,”, dec = “.”, …)
Parameters:
file: the path to the file containing the data to be imported into R.
header: logical value. If TRUE, read.csv() assumes that your file has a header row,
so row 1 is the name of each column. If that’s not the case, you can add the
argument header = FALSE.
sep: the field separator character
dec: the character used in the file for decimal points.

Example:
R

# R program to read a file in table format

# Using read.csv()
myData = read.csv("basic.csv")
print(myData)

Output:
Name Age Qualification Address
1 Amiya 18 MCA BBS
2 Niru 23 Msc BLS

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3 Debi 23 BCA SBP

4 Biku 56 ISC JJP
read.csv2(): read.csv() is used for variant used in countries that use a comma “,” as decimal
point and a semicolon “;” as field separators.
Syntax: read.csv2(file, header = TRUE, sep = “;”, dec = “,”, …)
Parameters:
file: the path to the file containing the data to be imported into R.
header: logical value. If TRUE, read.csv2() assumes that your file has a header
row, so row 1 is the name of each column. If that’s not the case, you can add
the argument header = FALSE.
sep: the field separator character
dec: the character used in the file for decimal points.

Example:
R

# R program to read a file in table format

# Using read.csv2()
myData = read.csv2("basic.csv")
print(myData)

Output:
Name.Age.Qualification.Address
1 Amiya,18,MCA,BBS
2 Niru,23,Msc,BLS
3 Debi,23,BCA,SBP
4 Biku,56,ISC,JJP
file.choose(): You can also use file.choose() with read.csv() just like before.
Example:
R

# R program to read a file in table format

# Using file.choose() inside read.csv()

myData = read.csv(file.choose())
# If you use the code above in RStudio
# you will be asked to choose a file
print(myData)

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Output:
Name Age Qualification Address
1 Amiya 18 MCA BBS
2 Niru 23 Msc BLS
3 Debi 23 BCA SBP
4 Biku 56 ISC JJP
read_csv(): This method is also used for to read a comma (“,”) separated values by using the
help of readr package.
Syntax: read_csv(file, col_names = TRUE)
Parameters:
file: the path to the file containing the data to be read into R.
col_names: Either TRUE, FALSE, or a character vector specifying column names.
If TRUE, the first row of the input will be used as the column names.
Example:
R

# R program to read a file in table format

# using readr package

# Import the readr library

library(readr)

# Using read_csv() method

myData = read_csv("basic.csv", col_names = TRUE)
print(myData)

Output:
Parsed with column specification:
cols(
Name = col_character(),
Age = col_double(),
Qualification = col_character(),
Address = col_character()
)
# A tibble: 4 x 4
Name Age Qualification Address

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1 Amiya 18 MCA BBS

2 Niru 23 Msc BLS
3 Debi 23 BCA SBP
4 Biku 56 ISC JJP

Reading a file from the internet

It’s possible to use the functions read.delim(), read.csv() and read.table() to import files from
the web.
Example:
R

# R program to read a file from the internet

# Using read.delim()
myData =
read.delim("http://www.sthda.com/upload/boxplot_for
mat.txt")
print(head(myData))

Output:
Nom variable Group
1 IND1 10 A
2 IND2 7 A
3 IND3 20 A
4 IND4 14 A
5 IND5 14 A
6 IND6 12 A
b) Reading Excel data sheet in R.

#Install openxlsx package

install.packages("openxlsx")

# Load openxlsx
library(openxlsx)

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# Read excel file

read.xlsx('/Users/admin/new_file.xlsx')

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