RSA (Session 2 - 3)

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IP A G
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AI
TS N
Rural Road Safety Course
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
including Night Time Safety
A G
TR R
AN AM
Road Signages & Road Furniture
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
A G
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AM
AI
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IP A
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AI
TS N
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F G
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O
Indian Standards & Manuals
ID
A G
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TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
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ID O
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AI
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Manuals
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O IN
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C ID O
IP A G
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AI
TS N
O IN
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N PR
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TS AI
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O IN
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N PR
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ID O
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N S
IN
G
A
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ID
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N
G
F
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IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
Night Time Safety Includes
TR
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ID
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N
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G
F
• Visibility
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
• Principle of Retro-reflection
AN
O
TR
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IP
R
LA
G
C
• Reflective Road Signs
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
• Reflective Raised Pavement Markers
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
• Reflective Road Markings
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
• Glare
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
• Reflective Clothing
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
O
• Reflective Tapes
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
• Street Lighting
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
• Delineators
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
• Work Zones during Night Time
F
C
O
TO
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TS
FO
AN
O
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ID
O
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PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
N
Visibility
S
AI
AM
AN
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A
G
C
ID
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PR
R
N
PA
G
• Increase in visibility means more reaction time which in turn leads
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
reduction in chances of collision
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
• Daylight - Bright colors are more visible than dull colors under
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
daylight condition
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
• Low light conditions - Fluorescent colors are more effective than
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
bright colors under low light (e.g. dawn and dusk).
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
• Dark conditions (In Night ) – Retro reflective materials provides
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
greater visibility in night.
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
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IP
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ID
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N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
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TS
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AN
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A
G
ID
O
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PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Visual Hazard During Night
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
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PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
• Poor lighting decreases visibility
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
• Problem of glare causes increase in distraction level.
LA
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C
ID
O
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PR
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N
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PA
• At night , field of vision narrows down only to the
G
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IN
TO
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N
AI
area illuminated by head light which is 80-100m in
N
AN
O
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TI
IP
LA
A
C
front of the motor vehicle.
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
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PA
G
F
C
• Headlights can not follow the curves and dips which
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
create blind spots to motorists.
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
• Eye fatigue causes lack in alertness
C
N
IR
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F
C
O
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TS
FO
AN
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C
IR
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U
LA
TI
O
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C R
U TI
LA C
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FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
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C ID
IP A
TI TR
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N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
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C ID O
IP A G
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AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
A G
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TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
How retro-reflection guide us on road
N PR
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ID O
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PA F
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C ID
IP A
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N AI
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TS N
O IN
PA F G
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C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
A G
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TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
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IN
G
C
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U
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IP A
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N AI
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O IN
PA F G
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C ID O
IP A G
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AI
TS N
O IN
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N PR
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ID O
A G
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TS AI
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O IN
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N PR
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ID O
A G
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IN
G
C
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IR N
Science of
C R R
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LA C A
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TO
O
F
Retro Reflection
PA
R N
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C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
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C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
A G
TR R
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AI
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IN
G
C
IR
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U
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IR N
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N TS
during the day

TO
O
PA F
N
Because what you see

R R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TS N
Day vs. Night
TO IN
O G
PA F
R N PR
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TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N
get at night !
R PR
ID O
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R
Is not always what you
AN TR AM
TS AI
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O IN
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AI
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IN
G
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N TS
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IP A
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N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
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C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
Principal of Retro Reflection
N PR
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ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
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TI
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FO N
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IR
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U TI
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LA C A
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IP A
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O IN
PA F G
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IP A G
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O IN
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ID O
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TS AI
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O IN
F G
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AI
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IN
G
C
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U
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FO N
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C R
U TI
LA C
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U TI ID
LA C A
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N TS
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PA F
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C ID
IP A
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O IN
PA F G
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C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
N
Glass Beads
FO TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
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N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
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TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
Glass Bead Technology ( 1930’s )
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
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IR
C R
U TI
LA C
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FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
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O AN
N TS
Highly Efficient
Cube - Corners
TO
O
PA F
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C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N
Micro Prismatic Technology (1970’s)
R PR
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
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O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
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C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
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ID O
G
Observation Angle for Trucks is higher than Cars
A
Observation Angle : Truck vs. Car
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
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PR
N
G
F
O
IN
Observation Angles : Overhead SignApproach
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
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Legibility Distance Legibility Distance Visibility Distance
G
C
ID
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PR
R
N
PA
175 ft 350ft 750ft
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
N
(53m) (107m) (230m)
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
Delhi
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
2.25o 1.0o 0.50o
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
R
Delhi
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
1.0o 0.50o 0.20o
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
R
Large
Large trucks
trucks havehave at twice
at least least observation
twice observation
angle as
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
anglesedans
as sedans
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
Travel speed, stopping distance and crash impact speed
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
Importance of Early Detection of Road- Sign
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
wavelength light.
N TS
is absorbed by sign.
TO
is reemitted as longer O
PA F
Short wavelength light
Short wavelength light
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
Ordinary
Fluorescent
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
IRC 67- 2012 : Types of Sheeting
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI Type I :Engineer Grade - Enclosed Lens
PR
R
N
PA
Class A
G
F
Glass Type II :Super Engineer Gr. - Enclosed Lens
IN
TO
TS
N
Bead
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
Type III :High Intensity - Encapsulated Lens
TR
Tech.
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
Class B
ID
O
TI
U
Type IV :High Intensity Prismatic -Prismatic
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
Type V :Delineators - Metalized Prismatic
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
Delineation
N
AN
O
Type VI :Temporary Roll Ups - Prismatic
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
Prismatic Type VIII :Prismatic TI
U
R
C
N
Tech.
IR
PA
Type IX : Micro-Prismatic
G
F
Class C
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
Type XI : Micro-Prismatic
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
IRC 67 - 2012
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI Most of the new developments of
U
3 class of sheeting are defined
R
C
N
roads is almost equivalent to
IR
PA
Class A – 1 & 2
G
F
C
IN
expressway
TO
R
Class B – 3 & 4
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
Class C – 8, 9 & 11 Hence type 11(Class C) passes
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
standard requirement as well
A
C
ID
Class C is recommended for NH, SH TI
U
R
C
N
and Expressways Class B can be used
IR
PA
F
C
O
all roads except expressway
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
IRC73
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
overhead signs
U TI ID
for all road signs

LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
Type XI is preferred for gantry mounted
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
Class C sheeting as per IRC 67 is recommended
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
IRC84
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U
for all road signs

TI
C ID
LA
IP A
TI
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N
Released in 2014 after IRC 67, 2012 version
R PR
ID O
A G
TR R
Class C sheeting as per IRC 67 is recommended
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
O
Type XI is preferred for gantry mounted overhead signs
ID
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
IRC87
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O
road signs”
AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
Released in 2013, After IRC67:2012
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
O
Type XI is preferred for gantry mounted overhead signs
Class C sheeting as per IRC 67 is recommended for “all
ID
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
MORTH &IRC SignageStandards
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
• Code of Practice for Road Signs ( IRC 67:2012 )
TI
PR
R
N
PA
• Code of Practice for Road Marking ( IRC 35 – 2015)
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
N
• Guidelines on Traffic Management in Work Zone ( IRC 55: 2014)
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
• MORTH 2013 – Specifications for Roads and Bridge work
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
• Guidelines for road signage under PMGSY
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
IRC67- IRC35- IRC55- MORTH PMGSY Signage
F
C
O
Guidelines
TO
2012 2015 2014

R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
Traffic Signs
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
Principles of traffic signs and markings:
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
Traffic signs and markings are most effective when they
TI
IP
R
LA
G
satisfy five basic requirements:
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
• Fulfill a need;
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
• Command attention;
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
• Convey a clear, simple meaning;
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
• Command respect from road users; and
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
• Give adequate time for proper response.
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
Traffic Signs and Road Markings MUST BE the primary, and sole , means of communication
AI
N
AN
between Road System and Road User for efficient navigation
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
© 3M 2023 . All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 33
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
Traffic Signs
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
Function of signs:
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
Signs shall be defined by their function as follows:
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
R
A. Regulatory signs give notice of traffic laws or regulations.
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
B. Warning signs give notice of a situation that might not be readily
TS
N
AI
N
apparent.
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
C. Informative signs show route designations, destinations, directions,
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
distances, services, points of interest, and other geographical, recreational,
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
or cultural information.
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Classification of Road Signs
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
Prohibitory / Regulatory Sign
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
Regulatory / Mandatory Signs Compulsory Control Signs
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
STOP & Give Way Signs
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
Cautionary / Warning Sign
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
Direction Information Sign
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
Informatory Sign
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
Facility Information Sign
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Mandatory / Regulatory Signs
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
Sub-heads
TI
PR
R
N
PA
i) Stop and Give Way signs ( Right of way signs )
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
ii) Prohibitory signs
O
TR
TI
IP
R
Following
 All Mandatory or Regulatory signs are circular in Shape

LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
iii) No Parking and No Stopping signs  Signs are with red circular ring & diagonal bars with black
PR
C
AR
N
IR
symbols or arrow or letters on white background

P
G
F
C
IN
O
 Red Ring indicates Prohibitory regulation

iv) Speed Limit & Vehicle Control signs
T
TS
N
 Diagonal Red bar prohibits the action or movement
AI
N
Under
AN
O
TR
indicated by the black symbol
TI
IP
v) Restriction Ends sign
LA
A
 Mandatory signs giving positive instructions are circular
ID
TI
U
with white symbol on a blue background
R
C
R
Classified
N
IR
PA
vi) Compulsory Direction Control
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Mandatory / Regulatory Signs
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
Size and Dimensions of Mandatory and Regulatory Signs
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
Design Size Regulator Mandatory Signs
IN
TO
Speed y Signs
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
Diameter Diameter Border Oblique Bar Front Size
TR
TI
IP
R
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
Up to 65 In conjunction with 300 35 35 75

R
N
IR
PA
kmph traffic light signal
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
Small 600 600 50 50 100
AI
N
AN
O
TR
66 – 80 Medium 750 750 60 60 125
TI
IP
LA
kmph
A
C
ID
TI
U
81 – 100 Normal 900 900 75 75 150
R
C
N
IR
PA
kmph
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
> 100 Large 1200 1200 100 100 225
FO
AI
N
AN
kmph
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
Source: IRC 67: 2012 “Code of Practice for Road Signs”.
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
16 February
R
© 3M 2023
TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
IRC – 67 2012
C
IRC – 67 2022
LA
TI IP
O AN
N
. All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential.

FO TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
Sign Sizes – Mandatory Signs
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
1500 mm
O IN
F G
N PR
R
Extra Large Size -
O
38
ID
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Cautionary / Warning Signs
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
Size and Dimensions of Cautionary Signs and their Siting Distance
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
Design Size Side (mm) Border Clear Distance of
AM
AN
O
TR
Speed (mm) Visibility Sign from
TI
IP
R
LA
Distances Hazard
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
(m) (m)
PR
C
N
IR
PA
Up to 50 Small 600 45 45 45
G
F
C
IN
TO
kmph
TS
N
AI
N
51 – 65 Medium 750 60 60 45 – 110
AN
O
TR
kmph
TI
IP
LA
A
C
66 – 80 Normal 900 70 60 110 – 180
ID
TI
U
R
kmph
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
> 80 kmph Large 1200 90 90 180 - 245
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
16 February
R
© 3M 2023
TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
IRC – 67 2012
C
IRC – 67 2022
LA
TI IP
O AN
N

FO TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
Sign Sizes – Cautionary Signs
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
R
1500 mm
AN TR AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
Extra Large Size -
N PR
R
O
40
ID
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
Sign Sizes – Cautionary and Regulatory Signs
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
Extra Large Size -
G
C
ID
1500 mm
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
R
Uniformity in case of arrows
N
IR
PA
and icons
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
Clarity Regarding Side Dimensions
TR
TI
IP
after Smoothening
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
Yellow Backing Board Concept –
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Use of fluorescent color
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
When all other normal treatments
G
F
O
have been tried (e.g. larger signs
IN
TO
TS
N
and upgraded delineation) and still
S
AI
N
AM
AN
a higher-than-expected crash rate is
O
TR
TI
experienced, only then should the
IP
R
LA
G
use of a yellow backing board be
ID
O
TI
U
considered. They should be used
PR
C
N
very sparingly as a special case and
IR
PA
G
F
C
not as a matter of routine. It may
IN
TO
also be fluorescent; this greatly
TS
N
AI
N
increases conspicuity in dull
AN
O
TR
weather and at dusk. Fluorescence
TI
IP
can be particularly effective in
LA
A
C
ID
drawing attention to signs mounted TI
U
R
C
R
in deep shadow, e.g. below
N
IR
PA
overhanging trees or in places
G
F
C
IN
TO
affected by dull or foggy weather

R
TS
N
FO
conditions.
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R
Eating Place
TO
C O
F
Public Telephone
IR PA
C R N
U R
TI
C ID
LA
IP A
TI
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
Police Station
Resting Place
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
O
Toilet
TI ID
Facility Information Sign
C A G
IP
First Aid Post
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
Hospital
Filling Station
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
Asian Highway
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI ID
Expressway C A
TI IP TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
N
Route Marker Signs
R R PR
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
National Highway
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
G
State Highway
A R
TR AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R

U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
Object Hazard Marker - Orientation
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Retro-reflective solutions for Road Safety– ADDITIONAL SIGNS
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
Accident Zone Ahead Accident Zone Ahead
ID
O
TI
U
Informatory Sign Cautionary Sign Informatory signs for Speed
PR
C
N
IR
PA
Cameras
G
F
C
250 to 500 m ahead of accident 100 to 200 m ahead of accident
IN
TO
prone location prone location Where camera enforcement is
TS
N
AI
N
taking place.
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
Informatory sign on penalty as per
O
TR
TI
Motor Vehicle act on Red light
IP
LA
A
C
Supplementary Plate Option Supplementary Plate Option
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
Cameras
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
taking place.
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
Cameras
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
taking place.
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
Cameras
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
taking place.
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
Cameras
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
taking place.
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
16 February
R
© 3M 2023
TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
N

FO TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
New/Revised Signs > 50 Signs
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
O
53
ID
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
16 February
R
© 3M 2023
TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
N

FO TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
F G
Small
PA Large
N
Medium
R R PR
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
New Signs Contd -Blackspot Related Signs
N PR
R
ID O
: 900 mm x 600 mm,
: 1200 mm x 900 mm
A G
: 1800 mm x 1200 mm.
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
O
54
ID
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
16 February
R
© 3M 2023
TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
New Signs Contd

FO TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
O
55
ID
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Colour Pattern for Direction Information Signs
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
Green Background
TS
S
AI
N
NH,SH & MDR
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
Blue Background
G
F
C
IN
TO
Expressways & Urban Road
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
White Background
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
ODR & Village Road
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
Color Pattern for Direction Information Signs
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
Road Type Background Arrows/ Border/ Letters
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
Expressway Blue White
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
National Highway (NH) Green White
PR
C
N
IR
PA
State Highway (SH) Green White
G
F
C
IN
TO
Major District Road (MDR) Green White
TS
N
AI
N
Village Road (ODR and VR) White Black
AN
O
TR
TI
Urban/City Road Blue White
IP
LA
A
C
Other Scenario
ID
TI
U
R
C
R
Tourism related Signs Brown White
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
Temporary/ Work zone Signs Yellow Black
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
Marker/Cat’s Eye
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
Road Stud/Raised Pavement
Marker/Reflective Pavement
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
Reflective Raised Pavement Markers
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
• Raised Pavement Marker (RPM) should be
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
A
bright enough to illuminate road surface.
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
• RPM should be tough enough to bear the load of
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
vehicle when it passes over it.
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
• Reflection in RPM either occurs by reflecting
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
R
lens or by beads.
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
• LED based solar RPM have built in sensor that can
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
automatically turn on LED’s when ambient light

IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
drops below the preset level.
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Safety Benefits of Reflective RPM’s
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
• RPM are placed on centerline to provide more
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
guidance to traffic.
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
• RPM placed on edge line warn the driver that they are
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
more nearing the edge.
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
• Improve the sight distance when placed on vertical /
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
horizontal curve on the road or near the intersection.
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
R
• RPM works as traffic delineators to improve
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
drivers sight distance.
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
• RPM placed on dangerous curve are more visible.
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
• RPM when placed close together in rows form
ID
TI
U
R
C
R
rumble strip.
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
RPM
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Colour selection
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
On Median Edge On Shoulder Edge On Traffic Line
G
F
C
O
Pedestrian Crossing Stop Line, Diagonal &
IN
TO
TS
N
Along with TBM Chevron Marking
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
Crossable continuity line
TS
N
FO
On Shoulder Edge
AI
N
All junctions and median openings-
AN
O
TR
Across the carriageway
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
16 February
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C F
Edge Line
IR PA
C R N
U R
TI
C ID
LA
IP A
TI
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
G
Centre Line
A R
TR AM
AI
N S
IN
Application of RPM / Cat Eye/ Road Studs
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
Material
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR
Inferior Plastic
C R N
U R
TI
C ID
LA
IP A
TI
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
nails
Lens
TI IP TR
O
Broken
AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
O
Fixed with metal
TI
C ID
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
O
Non- reflective at Night
ID
A G
Common Problems with Local RPM’s / Cat Eye / RPM
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
MORTH Specification
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
R
 Material of Body : Plastic & no metal
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
 Compressive Strength : Min 13,635 Kg

R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
 Fixed by Using Adhesive : No nails
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
 Retro Reflective Area :≤13Sqcm
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
 Height 20 mm & Width 130mm
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
Road Studs : Spacing
PR
Code of Practice for RoadMarking
G
F
O
IN
Table 5.1: Road Studs for UndividedRoads
TS
S
AI
Description Normal Section Warning Section No OvertakingSection
Applicabl
AM
AN
TR
Road Traffic Carriage Centre Traffic Centre Traffic Centre Traffic
Edge Line Edge Line Edge Line e Figures
IP
R
Category M ovement way Line lane Line Line lane Line Line lane Line
G
C
Red- Red- Red-
ID
O
TI White Bi- White Bi- White Bi-
PR
Single/Inter
R
directional directional directional
N
PA
mediate Two way <5.5m NA NA NA NA NA NA Fig 4.4

at 18m at 9m at 6m
G
F
Lane Road
IN
TO
interval interval interval
TS
N
(Optional) (Optional) (Desirable)
S
AI
N
White- Red- White- Red- Yellow- Red-
AM
AN
O
Two Lane
TR
White Bi- White Bi- White Bi- White Bi- Yellow Bi- White Bi-
TI
Road
IP
R
5.5mto directional directional directional directional directional directional
LA
G
without
C
Two way NA NA NA Fig 4.5
ID
7m at 18m at 18m at 9m at 9m at 6m at 6m
O
TI
U
paved
interval interval interval interval interval interval
PR
C
R
Shoulder
N
IR
PA
(Optional) (Optional) (Desirable) (Desirable) (Desirable) (Desirable)
G
F
C
White- Red-White White- Red-White Yellow- Red-White
IN
TO
Two Lane White Bi- Bi- White Bi- Bi- Yellow Bi- Bi-
TS
N
Roadwith directional directional directional directional directional directional
AI
N
Two way >7m NA NA NA Fig 4.6
AN
Paved at 18m at 18m at 9m at 9m at 6m at 6m
O
TR
TI
Shoulder interval interval interval interval interval interval
IP
LA
A
(Optional) (Optional) (Desirable) (Desirable) (Desirable) (Desirable)
ID
Yellow- Red-White
TI Yellow- Red-White Yellow- Red-White White-
U
R
C
R
Yellow Bi- Bi- Yellow Bi- Bi- Yellow Bi- Bi- WhiteBi-
N
Three Lane
IR
PA
directional directional Not directional directional Not directional directional directiona
G
F
Undivided
C
Two way >11m Fig 4.7

at 18m at 18m Required at 9m at 9m Required at 6m at 6m l at6m
IN
TO
Road
R
interval interval interval interval interval interval interval
TS
N
FO
AI
N
(Desirable) (Optional) (Desirable) (Desirable) (Desirable) (Desirable) (Optional)
AN
O
TR
Yellow- Red-White Yellow- Red-White Yellow- Red-White White-
TI
IP
Yellow Bi- Bi- Yellow Bi- Bi- Yellow Bi- Bi- White Bi-
LA
Four Lane
A
C
directional directional Not directional directional Not directional directional directiona
ID
Undivided Two way >14 Fig 4.8
TI
U
at 18m at 18m Required at 9m at 9m Required at 6m at 6m l at6m
R
C
Road
R
interval interval interval interval interval interval interval
N
IR
PA
(Desirable) (Optional)
P age
(Desirable) (Desirable) (Optiona l)
F
(Desirable) (Desirable)
C
O
TO
R
IRC 35 :2015
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
IP
IRC 35 :2015
Road Studs
TI
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
N
Spacing:6 m
R R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
N
Spacing: 9 m
TS
TO IN
O G
PA F
R N PR
R
Spacing :18m
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
O
Page
ID
A G
Code of Practice for RoadMarking
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
Solar Raised PavementMarker
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
Features & Benefits
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
• LED based solar RPMs are
R
N
PA
G
F
becoming
IN
TO
TS
N
popular in India.
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
• Solar RPM is designed with highly
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
R
engineered plastic body and is
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
suitable for Indian road conditions
IN
TO
TS
N
which can take heavy traffic loads
AI
N
AN
O
TR
of over 20 tons.
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
R
• This Solar RPM provides 360
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
Degree uniform illumination using
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
Light Guide Technology
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
visibility
Night time IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
Latest Median Markers help avert accidents
F G
N PR
R
Visibility
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
Rainy / Foggy Day
O IN
F G
N PR
R
8
7
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
Flexible Median marker – The new way of median
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
visibility
TR
IP
\
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
Challenges
G
F
O
IN
TO
of current
TS
S
AI
Median
N
AM
AN
O
TR
Marker
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
Feature Advantage Benefits
G
F
C
O
Innovative Flame like Design
IN
TO
structure
TS
N
Better visual appearance Increases visibility at night for safe driving
AI
N
Vandal proof against impact
AN
O
TR
Flexible Thermoplastic Body Bounce Back on impact Lesser chances of people tripping over median marker
TI
IP
Increased reflectivity
LA
High reflectivity gives better visual appearance to the
A
C
ID
driver
Vertical design
TI
U
R
C
R
Fluorescent Type XI DG3 Long Distance visibility in day &
N
IR
PA
G
Reflective sheeting night
F
Provides longer response time for safer driving
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
RPM Like Shank Reduce application time Increases productivity lead in reduction of labour charge
AN
O
TR
Easy installation on narrow width medians
TI
IP
Narrow foot print
LA
Shank Based Grouting Reduced epoxy consumption
A
C
ID
TI
U
Vandal resistant against sheeting
R
C
R
peel off Longer durability & reflectivity service life
N
Edge Sealed Reflective Sheeting
IR
PA
F
C
High performance Thermoplastic
O
TO
R
engineering Grade material Better performance Long term durability 7
TS
FO
9
N
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
Reflective Road Markings
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
• Most commonly used material is Thermoplastic material (TPM).
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
• It can easily be made reflective either by pre-mixing or by
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
dropping glass beads with the material.
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
• The headlight beam penetrates glass beads hits the pigmented road
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
surface and reflect the light back to the motorist.
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
• Visibility is based on the contrast between illuminated strip
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
and dark road surface.
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
• Threshold reflectivity values are
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
100mcd/sq.m/lux.
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
Safety Benefits of Reflective Markings
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
• Reflective markings are visible all the time
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
even in worst weather conditions.
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
O
• Thicker layer of TPM works as rumble strip.
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
• TPM are more cost effective due to longer
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
life, no need to paint the road surface
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
frequently.
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
Road Marking Material &
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N
Code of
R PR
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
S
Practice for
AI
TS N
O IN
GeneralFeatures Road Marking
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N
4.
1.
2.
TS
3.
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
Marking Paint
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
Cold AppliedPlastics
PA F G
R N
Type of Material for RoadMarkings
R PR
thermoplastic compound)
TI
C ID O
A G
Preformed Adhesive Tapes
IP TR
AN
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
Solvent borne and Waterborne Road
Thermoplastic Markings (Hot applied
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
Thermoplastic Markings
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
mixture of plasticizer & resins that serves to hold all of
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
the other ingredients together.
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
R
fast drying time and highly durable
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
better retro reflective performance than that of
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
ordinary road marking paint.
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
The service life of one application ranges from 2 to
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
3 years, depending on traffic volumes.
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
Code of Practice for Road
G
F
Markings
IN
Solvent Borne &Waterborne Road MarkingPaints
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
 Water-based ( acrylics) paint is environmentally friendly
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
 Solvent based ( oil, alkyd based), release volatile
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
organiccompounds
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
O
 Water based is easier to handle compared to solvent-
IN
TO
TS
N
based paints
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
 Water-based paints can be opened to traffic quicker

PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
Generally used in construction work zone for temporary
IP
LA
A
C
ID
marking TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
Cold AppliedPlastics
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
Generally Used for Coloured pavement marking.
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
 best means to provide audible raised pavement
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
R
marking for edge lines.
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
more durable than thermoplastic markings in
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
retaining the original colour and luminancevalues.
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Preformed AdhesiveTapes
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
 continuous rolls of various lengths and widths.
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
 Easy to apply and less drying or curing period.
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
 high initial cost but would offer more service life in locations with
TS
N
AI
N
high traffic volumes
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
 suitable for those locations that require frequent replacement of
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
pavement markings.
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
 Application :They are used for object markings and transverse
R
C
N
IR
PA
lines in high-traffic areas.
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
O
1
6
ID
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
in one’s own field of view
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
Glare is sensation caused by bright light
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R
increase
TO
C O
IR PA F
R N
headlamp
C R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
Glare Issues
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
A G
reaction time and recovery time.
IP TR
AN
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N
• Discomfort in viewing rear view mirror
R PR
ID O
A G
• Discomfort by viewing oncoming vehicle
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
• Decrease in visibility distance and increase in
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Factors Contributing to Glare
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
N
• Head light Intensity (New off the market LED Lights)
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
Headlight Mounting Height (High Beam)
IP
R
•
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
Age of driver
PR
C
•
R
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
Two way Highway without median increasesglare effect
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
• Unlit road have more glare effect
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
• Improper mounting of headlamp (After repairs)
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
• Absence of Road Marking
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
Highway without Median as oncoming vehicle come more closer to
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
driver’s line sight
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
• Dirt on headlamp and wind shield increase scattering of light
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
ANTI-GLARE DEVICES
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
• At night, the headlamps of an oncoming
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
vehicle may cause harmful glare that
IN
TO
TS
N
interferes with the sight of drivers.
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
• Presence of glare leads to a significant
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
reduction in the safety margin and the
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
number of traffic accidents is much
G
F
C
IN
TO
higher in the glare conditions than in the
TS
N
AI
N
AN
non-glare conditions.
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
• Installing antiglare facilities along the
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
R
road is an economical and feasible
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
method for solving the glare problem
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
caused by the headlamps of oncoming
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
vehicles
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
A
Anti-Glare Screen
TI IP TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
AREAS OF APPLICATION
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
R
• In the median of streets and motorways with several lanes
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
• On roads with heavy traffic in dark periods
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
• Between parallel or approaching roads, when traffic runs in
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
opposite directions
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
• In areas of humps or other un-favourable topographic conditions
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
• In long curves and Bridges
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
• Beside railroad or tram lines running beside roads
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
• Near buildings which reflect lights towards the road
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
High Visibility Clothing
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
• Any clothing worn that has highly reflective properties or a
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
color that is easily discernible from any background.
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
• It is worn by occupational workers (Traffic police Personals,
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
Construction workers of Highways, Railways etc.) or by the
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
persons moving near the vehicles (Cyclist, Pedestrians).
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
Workers wear to improve how well other people "see" them.
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
Safety Jackets
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
Safety Garments
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Reflective Tapes
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
• Reflective tapes are self illuminating and does not power
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
from vehicle like tail lamp. Any light is enough to
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
illuminate the strip make your vehicle more visible and
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
R
safe.
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
• Rear end collisions occur when driver could not see a
TI
IP
LA
A
C
slower vehicle or stopped vehicle in front of it and could
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
not stop the vehicle in time, use of reflective tape in any
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
pattern or color can reduce the chances of accidents.
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N
17December
TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
F
Ghat Road, Ooty

PA
R N
R
TI
C ID
Roundabout at Haldwani, UP
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
Flexible Prismatic Sheeting (FPS)
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
O
Bull Nose at TollPlaza
ID
A G
R
Round About inBangalore
AN TR AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
Delineators (IRC 79)
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
• Delineators provide visual assistance to drivers about
N
AM
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
R
alignment of road ahead, especially at night.
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
• Normally, reflectors are used on the delineators for better
IN
TO
TS
N
night time visibility.
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
• Delineators are driving aids and not be regarded as a
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
substitute for warning signs, road markings, or barriers .
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
Type I
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
• These are put-up wherever there are
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
objects so close to the road hazard, e.g.
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
approaches to bridge abutments, guard-
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
rails and culverts
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
• The markers should be erected
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
immediately ahead of the line of
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
obstruction with sufficient height so that
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
properly visible to the oncoming traffic.
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C
etc.
IR PA
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N
Delineation lacking:
TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N
Reflectorized marking, studs,

AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
R
Not able to align vehicle on traffic lane
AN TR AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
G
Minor Bridge
PA F
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
Type II
TR
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
• Roadway Indicators
IN
TO
TS
S
AI
N
AM
AN
O
TR
•Delineate the edge of the roadway to guide drivers
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
about the alignment ahead used in non-urban sections,
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
especially in curved portions and on straight sections at
G
F
C
IN
TO
medians or kerb edge.
TS
N
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N
Safety
AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
Night Time Visibility for Work Zone
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
A
G
ID
O
R
PR
N
G
F
O
IN
Elements of Traffic
TS
S
AI
AM
AN
TR
Control Zone
IP
R
A
G
C
ID
O
TI
PR
R
N
PA
G
F
O
IN
TO
TS
Clear work area & return to
S
AI
N
AM
AN
normal traffic lanes
O
TR
TI
IP
R
LA
G
C
ID
O
TI
U
PR
C
N
IR
PA
G
F
C
IN
TO
TS
N
Actual construction is being
AI
N
AN
O
undertaken.
TR
TI
IP
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
R
C
N
IR
It guides traffic flow into working

PA
G
F
C
O
zone
IN
TO
R
TS
N
FO
AI
N
AN
O
TR
TI
IP
Warn road user of approaching
LA
A
C
ID
TI
U
hazard
R
C
N
IR
PA
F
C
O
TO
R
TS
FO
AN
O
TI
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
Advance Warning Zone
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
Proposed
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
Changes (Day)
Orange Retro
reflective sign
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
Proposed
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
O
Changes (Night)
TI
C ID
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
TR
CurrentScenario
AN
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
signage
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
Proposed
N AI
Retro reflective
TS N
Sign
TO IN
O
Roll up
PA F G
R N PR
R
Changes (Day)
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
Proposed
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
O
Changes (Night)
TI
C ID
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
MORD –
U TI ID
Rural Roads
LA C A
TI IP
O
Specifications for
AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
signage
N PR
R
ID O
under PMGSY
A G
R
Guidelines for road
AN TR AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
A
Non- IRC Standard SignBoards
TI IP TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
Board
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O
Reflective Sign
AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
(In Hindi)
TO
UFARPURA
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
As per IRC -67 Standard SignBoards
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TS N
Current Situation
TO IN
O G
PA F
R N PR
R
TI
C ID O
G
Curvature section onRoad–Class Exercise
IP A
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G
C
IR
C
U
LA
TI
O
FO N
R TO
C PA
IR
C R
U TI
LA C
TI IP
O AN
FO N TS
R TO
O
C PA F
IR N
C R R
U TI ID
LA C A
TI IP
O AN
Reflective Signage
N TS
TO
O
PA F
R N
R
RPM /
Cat Eye TI
C ID
IP A
TI TR
O AN
N AI
TO
TS N
O IN
PA F G
R N PR
R
O
Curvature section onRoad
TI
C ID
IP A G
AN TR
AI
TS N
O IN
Curve Improvement with Reflective solution
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AN AM
TS AI
N S
O IN
F G
N PR
R
ID O
A G
TR R
AM
AI
N S
IN
G

RSA (Session 2 - 3)

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C

• Reflective Raised Pavement Markers

• Work Zones during Night Time

reduction in chances of collision

greater visibility in night.

• Poor lighting decreases visibility

• At night , field of vision narrows down only to the

• Headlights can not follow the curves and dips which

during the day

Because what you see

175 ft 350ft 750ft

2.25o 1.0o 0.50o

1.0o 0.50o 0.20o

Type III :High Intensity - Encapsulated Lens

Type IV :High Intensity Prismatic -Prismatic

Type V :Delineators - Metalized Prismatic

Type VI :Temporary Roll Ups - Prismatic

3 class of sheeting are defined

standard requirement as well

for all road signs

for all road signs

• Code of Practice for Road Marking ( IRC 35 – 2015)

• MORTH 2013 – Specifications for Roads and Bridge work

• Guidelines for road signage under PMGSY

IRC67- IRC35- IRC55- MORTH PMGSY Signage

2012 2015 2014

Principles of traffic signs and markings:

• Convey a clear, simple meaning;

Signs shall be defined by their function as follows:

B. Warning signs give notice of a situation that might not be readily

Regulatory / Mandatory Signs Compulsory Control Signs

STOP & Give Way Signs

Direction Information Sign

Facility Information Sign

i) Stop and Give Way signs ( Right of way signs )

 All Mandatory or Regulatory signs are circular in Shape

symbols or arrow or letters on white background

 Red Ring indicates Prohibitory regulation

with white symbol on a blue background

vi) Compulsory Direction Control

Diameter Diameter Border Oblique Bar Front Size

Up to 65 In conjunction with 300 35 35 75

kmph traffic light signal

81 – 100 Normal 900 900 75 75 150

. All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential.

Design Size Side (mm) Border Clear Distance of

51 – 65 Medium 750 60 60 45 – 110

. All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential.

Clarity Regarding Side Dimensions

When all other normal treatments

experienced, only then should the

considered. They should be used

not as a matter of routine. It may

also be fluorescent; this greatly

increases conspicuity in dull

overhanging trees or in places

affected by dull or foggy weather

Source: IRC 67: 2012 “Code of Practice for Road Signs”.

Informatory Sign Cautionary Sign Informatory signs for Speed