زبان تخصصی گرامر

‫ﺑِﺴ‪‬ﻢِ اﻟﻠﱠﻪِ اﻟﺮﱠﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻦِ اﻟﺮﱠﺣِﯿﻢِ‬
‫از ﺳﺮي ﺟﺰوات آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ‪:‬‬
‫زﺑﺎن ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺎﻟﯿﻒ ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺪي ﯾﻮﺳﻒ ﺧﺎﻧﯽ – ﻧﺎﺻﺮ آﯾﺖ – اﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﺮاﻫﯽ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷﺮ ‪ :‬اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر‬
‫ﮔﺮدآوري ‪ :‬واﺣﺪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر ﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺎﯾﭗ و ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ‪ :‬واﺣﺪ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر ﻗﻢ‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ زﺑﺎن ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ‬
1) Transitional Markers: (‫)اﺷﺎرهﮔﺮﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ‬
.‫اﯾﻦ اﺷﺎرهﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﯿﻦ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻠﻤﻪاي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ )اﻟﻒ‬pronouns (‫ → )ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬it- they- I- he- she- which- who- whose- that- such-
one
‫ )ب‬demonstrative adjective (‫ → )ﺻﻔﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﺷﺎره‬this- that- these- those.
2) Making Comparisons: (‫)ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬

comparative (‫ → )ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‬er superlative (‫ → )ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬est
a) newer – sooner → ‫ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬est ‫ و‬er (‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺻﻔﺖ و ﻗﯿﺪ‬

b) more interesting → ‫ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬most ‫ و‬more ‫ ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ دارﻧﺪ‬3 ‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
c) happier- earlier- abler →‫ ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬er-le-ow-y-ly‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ دو ﺑﺨﺶ دارﻧﺪ اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬est‫ و‬er
d) awful- complex- boring → ‫ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬most‫ و‬more ‫ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ly ‫ﻗﯿﺪﻫﺎي دوﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
e) common- handsome- polite → ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺖﻫﺎ ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﮑﻞ را ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬
f) bad → worse- worst , little → less- least ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺖﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻗﯿﺪﻫﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ از اﯾﻦ روشﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺷﮑﻞ دﻫﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
3) Equivalence: (‫)ﺗﺴﺎوي‬
as ... as, as many ... as, as much ... as, the same as, similar to, the same,
are similar, equal to, is like, similar / ly, equal / ly, compare to / with ,
alike, both ... and, all, each, either ... or
4) Non-Equivalence: (‫)ﻋﺪم ﺗﺴﺎوي‬

word+er than, more ... than, fewer ... than, less ... than, greater ... than,
neither ... nor
5) Superlative:
the word + est : the greatest, the most ..., the most beautiful
the least ... : the least difficult
6) Parallel Increase:
the (word+er) the ... the more ...
the (word+er) the ... the least ...
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬: The bigger the computer, the more complex the operation it can do
٢
.‫ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪهﺗﺮي ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
7)
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ (‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ← ﮐﻠﻤﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ ) رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ و ﻧﻘﺶ‬
‫ﮐﻠﻤﻪ را ﻋﻮض ﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻤﻪ را ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ‬
8) Noun Forming Suffixes:

ance – ence – er – or – ation – tion – ist – yst – ness – ion – ing – ment –
ity – ian – ism – dom – ship – ary – y – age – th – t – ure – ture
9) Verb Forming Suffixes: ize – ate – ify – en
10) Adverb Forming Suffixes: ly
11)Adjective Forming Suffixes:

al – ar – ic – ical – able – ible – ous – ious – ful – less – ish – ed – ive –
ing – y – ant – like – ary
12) Prefixes:
Negative size location time & number other
& positive order
un- semi- inter- pre- mono- pro→for
non- mini- super- ante- bi- neo→new
in- micro- transe- fore- hex- auto→self
dis- equi- ex- post- oct- pan→all
re- maxi- extra- quad- multi- co→
together
anti- macro- mid-
under- mega- prime-
over- ante-
mis- retro-
de-
13) Using MIDI, computers can communicate with synthesizer.

ing clause main clause
cause(‫)دﻟﯿﻞ‬ effect(‫)اﺛﺮ‬
.‫ دار ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﯿﺰي اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﯽاﻓﺘﺪ‬ing ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
14) The technology needed to set up a home network.
٣
= technology which is needed ...
.‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دارﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
15)PCs equipped with Ethernet adapters.

= PCs which are equipped ...
‫ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه‬
16) Network modem allowing client ...

↓
which allows
.‫ را اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮدهاﯾﻢ‬ing ‫ را ﺣﺬف و‬which ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دارﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬
17) Phrasal verbs: ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ‬

.‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ در زﺑﺎن ﻏﯿﺮ رﺳﻤﯽ و ﻣﺤﺎورهاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدلﻫﺎي رﺳﻤﯽﺗﺮي دارﻧﺪ‬phrasal verbs
workout = determine
:‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ دو ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دارﻧﺪ‬Phrasal verbs
he looked up at root .‫( آﻧﭽﻪ از ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ دو ﮐﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ‬1
she looked up a word in dictionary .‫( ﻣﻌﻨﯽاي ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﯽ از دو ﮐﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﯽآﯾﺪ‬2
turn down ‫واژﮔﻮن ﮐﺮدن‬ break into ‫ﺑﻪ زور وارد ﺷﺪن‬ get into ‫ﺳﻮار ﺷﺪن‬
hack into ‫دﺳﺘﺒﺮد زدن‬ go about ‫ﮔﺸﺘﻦ‬ set about ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮت ﮐﺮدن‬
keep ahead ‫ﭘﯿﺸﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ grow up ‫ﺑﺰرگ ﺷﺪن‬ phone up ‫ﺗﻤﺎس ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
run up ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺷﺪن‬ keep at ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻦ‬ throw away ‫دور اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻦ‬
shut down ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ‬ log on ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺷﺪن‬ log out cool
find out ‫ﻣﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺷﺪن‬ track down ‫ ردﭘﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ و دﺳﺘﮕﯿﺮي‬hand over ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ دادن‬
18) ing form as a noun; after preposition → ‫ ﺑﯿﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬ing ‫ﻓﻌﻞ اﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
.‫اﺳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رود‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:Managing computer is a function of the operating system.
subject adj
.‫ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ‬ing ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:We look forward to having cheaper and faster computers.
19)
‫ )اﻟﻒ‬verbs + object + infinitive
‫ )ب‬verbs + object + to – infinitive
( allow – to ; let ; enable – to ; permit – to ; help – to )
.‫ ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ‬to ‫ ﺑﺪون‬help
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬: he allows you to use his pen.

زبان تخصصی گرامر

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

زبان تخصصی گرامر

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

زبان تخصصی گرامر

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

‫ﺑِﺴ‪‬ﻢِ اﻟﻠﱠﻪِ اﻟﺮﱠﺣ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻦِ اﻟﺮﱠﺣِﯿﻢِ‬

‫از ﺳﺮي ﺟﺰوات آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ‪:‬‬

‫زﺑﺎن ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬

2) Making Comparisons: (‫)ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬

a) newer – sooner → ‫ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬est ‫ و‬er (‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺻﻔﺖ و ﻗﯿﺪ‬

4) Non-Equivalence: (‫)ﻋﺪم ﺗﺴﺎوي‬

8) Noun Forming Suffixes:

9) Verb Forming Suffixes: ize – ate – ify – en

10) Adverb Forming Suffixes: ly

11)Adjective Forming Suffixes:

13) Using MIDI, computers can communicate with synthesizer.

14) The technology needed to set up a home network.

15)PCs equipped with Ethernet adapters.

16) Network modem allowing client ...

17) Phrasal verbs: ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ‬

.‫ ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ‬ing ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ‬

You might also like