REPORTED SPEECH

I. Những thay đổi trong lời nói gián tiếp

1. Thay đổi động từ: Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi
về quá khứ (các thì xuống cấp):
Direct Speech Reported Speech
1. Present Simple:V1 1. Past Simple:V2/ed
Ex1: Nam said “I am told to be at school before EX1: Nam said (that) he was told to be at school
7 o’clock” before 7 o’clock.
Ex2: He said “ I like beer” Ex2: He said (that) He liked beer

2. Present Progressive: am/is/are +Ving 2. Past Progressive:was/were+Ving

Ex: He said “I’m watching TV” Ex: He said (that) he was watching TV

3. Present Perfect: has/have + V3/ed 3. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed

Ex: He said “ I have just bought a new book” Ex: He said (that) I had just bought a new book

4. Past Simple: V2/ed 4. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed

Ex: They said “ We came by car ” Ex: They said (that) they had come by car

5. Past Progressive: was/were + V-ing 5. was/were+V-ing or Past Perfect progressive

Ex: He said “I was sitting in the park at 8 Ex:-He said ( that ) he was sitting in the park at 8
o’clock” o’clock”
- He said ( that )he had been sitting in the park
at 8 o’clock”

6. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed 6. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed

Ex: She said “ My money had run out” Ex: She said ( that) her money had run out

7. Future Simple: will +V without to (V0) 7. would + V without to ( Vo)

Ex: Lan said “I’ll phone you” Ex: Lan said ( that) she would phone me

8. can 8. could
Ex: He said “ you can sit here” Ex : He said ( that) we could sit there

9. may 9. might
Ex: Mary said “I may go to Ha noi again” Ex: Mary said ( that) shemight go to Ha noi
again
10. must
Ex: He said “I must finish this report” 10. must/ had to
Ex: He said ( that)he had to finish that report
* Chú ý: Một số trường hợp không đổi thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp:
- Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu được dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc
tương lai đơn, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp vẫn không thay đổi
Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “the text is difficult”.
 He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult.
- Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể hiện một chân lý hoặc một hành động lặp lại thường xuyên, thì của động từ trong
câu gián tiếp vẫn không thay đổi

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 Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”
 My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East.
He said, ‘My father always drinks coffee after dinner’
 He said (that) his father always drinks coffee after dinner
- Nếu lúc tường thuật, điểm thời gian được đưa ra trong lời nói gián tiếp vẫn chưa qua, thì của động từ và
trạng từ thời gian vẫn được giữ nguyên
Eg: He said, “ I will come to your house tomorrow”
 He said (that) he will come to my house tomorrow.
- Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3:
Eg: He said; “If I knew her address, I would write to her”
 He said that he would write to her If he knew her address
Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.”
 She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle.
Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.”
 The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.
Tuy nhiên nếu lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều hiện loại 1 thì được chuyển sang loại 2 ở lời nói gián tiếp
Eg: The advertisement said; “If you answer the questions correctly, you may win one million dollar” 
The advertisement said that I might win one million dollar If I answered the questions correctly.

- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “wish’

Eg: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”
 He wishes (that) he had a lot of money

- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “It’s (high/ about) time”
Eg: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed; children”
 She told her children that It’s about time they went to bed
- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề đi sau ‘would rather, would sooner”
Eg: She said; “I would rather you stayed at home”
 She said that she would rather I stayed at hone

- Không thay đổi thì của:

Could, would, might, should
Ought, had better, need trong câu nói gián tiếp
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 Nhưng must -> had to/ must
Eg: She said; “I could do the homework
 She said the she could do the homework
- Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định:
Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980”
 he said that he was born in 1980.
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong câu phức có thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn
Eg: “I saw him when he was going to the cinema”
She said she saw him when she was going to the cinema
2. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:
 Đại từ nhân xưng
Chủ ngữ
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
I He, she
we they
You They/ he/ she/ I

Tân ngữ
Trực tiếp gián tiếp
Me Him/ her
us Them
you Them/ him/ her
Tính từ sở hữu
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
my His/ her
our Their
your Their/ his/her/ my
Đại từ sở hữu
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
mine Him/ hers
ours Theirs
yours Theirs/ his/ hers
3. Thay đổi về từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
Nhãm tõ trong c©u trùc tiÕp Nhãm tõ trong c©u gi¸n tiÕp
Today/ tonight that day/ that night
Yesterday the day before/ the previous day
last month/ night … the moth before / the previous month/ night
Tomorrow the following day/ the next day
this moth that month

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 The day before yesterday Two days before
The day after tomorrow In two days’ time
next month/ week. .. the month after / the following month/ week
Here there
Now then
Ago before
This that
These those
* Chú ý:
- NÕu t-êng thuËt vÉn cïng ë 1 ®Þa ®iÓm vµ thêi gian, chóng ta kh«ng thay ®æi th× cña ®éng tõ, tÝnh
tõ chØ ®Þnh vµ tr¹ng ng÷ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn.
Eg: He said “ I will come here to take this book tonight”.
 An hour ago he said he will come here to take this book tonight.
- Thªm liªn tõ vµo c©u t-êng thuËt chØ nguyªn nh©n
Eg: She said “ I am very tired I have worked overnight.”
 She said she was very tires because she had been worked.
II. Những thay đổi cụ thể trong từng loại câu trong lời nói gián tiếp
1. Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp: (Statements in reported speech)
S + said (to + O) + that S + V……
S + told + O + that S + V….
Eg: ‘We will have a test tomorrow’, My teacher said.
-> My teacher said (that) they would have a test the next day.
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…

2. Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
 Chó ý: Khi chuyển câu hỏi trực tiếp thành gián tiếp cũng cần áp dụng qui tắc chuyển đổi trên, ngoài ra
cần thay đổi:
- Động từ tường thuật câu hỏi gián tiếp là asked/ wanted to know/ wondered ( tự hỏi)
- Trật tự từ chuyển về dạng trần thuật tức là chủ ngữ đứng trước động từ và không có trợ động từ
- Không dùng liên từ “that’, dấu “?” được bỏ đi
a. Yes/ no questions:
S + asked + ( O ) + if / whether + clause
Eg: Tuan asked Ba “Are you fond of watching television?”
Tuan asked Ba if/whether he was fond of watching television
b. Wh-questions:
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 S + asked + (O) + wh - word + clause
Eg: He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before.
 Chú ý: Trong trường hợp câu trực tiếp có cả câu trần thuật và câu hỏi khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp phần nào
vẫn cứ đi phần ấy
Eg: “ I have left my watch at home. Can you tell me the time?”
He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time

 He asked me not to talk loudly.

He said “Don’t shut the door”.
 He asked me not to shut the door.
1.Change these sentences into Reported Speech:
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS)

1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”

that he was ...
……………………………………...………………………………………………………………………
2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
that the following week.
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………
would

3. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”

that his... were his
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
4. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”
had to be done .....
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………
5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
that she could .... her...
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
6. Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer”
that she might visit her parents...
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
7. The teacher said “We can collect old booksfor the poor students”
could
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. She said “She doesn’t buy this book”
that
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………
didn't

9. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
they had to try their best
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class”
was their
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. They told us “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores”
their would get
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. He said “I will go to school by bus tomorrow”
he would go...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
the following day

13. Phong said “I need to learn more vocabulary”

he needed
…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………
14. His brother told him “You can use my computer today”
his he could
that day
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Mai said “I can not go to the movies with you, Nam”
to Nam that she could not ..... with him.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS)
thêm if/ whether --> đổi thành trật tự câu kể và các biến
1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter đổi khác
... if he enjoyed reading
….…………………………………………………………………………….
2. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan whether she liked...
…..…………………………………………………………………………….
3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam if his ....went to ...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom if there were ...
……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend if it would rain the following morning
…………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………
6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter if he had gone .... three years before.
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………
7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan if Tam and Hoa were...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?” She asked me if I could...
……………………………………..………………………………………………………………………
9. “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu if she would be there...
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
10. “Were you reading this book at 8 o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba if he was reading that book ....the
previous Sunday.
…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………

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 HOMEWORK 22/9/2021: Hoàn thành phiếu bài này +bài trong zalo cô gửi.

3. EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS)

1. “Where does your father work?” the teacher asked me.
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
2. “How many people are there in your family?” she asked Lan.
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
3. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”
…………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” she asked her mom.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The teacher said to Lien “What‘s your hobby?”
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
6. “How do you go to the airport?” his friend asked him.
……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
7. “How much does this dress cost?” Lan asked Lien.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Ba asked Tam “How often do you wash your clothes?”
……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
9. “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu.
…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………
10. “How many books do the students need?” the librarian asked my teacher.
…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………