CHURCH HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRES

CHAPTER No. # 1

1. INTO HOW MANY PERIODS IS THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH

DIVIDED?
In six periods general history of the church. From the apostolic to the
modern.

2. WHAT NAME IS GIVEN TO EACH PERIOD?

Apostolic Church, Persecuted Church, Imperial Church, Medieval

Church, Reformed and Modern Church.

3. WITH WHAT FACT AND IN WHAT YEAR DOES THE FIRST PERIOD
BEGINS AND ENDS?

From the ascension of Christ, (30 AD) until the death of Saint John, (100
AD).

4. IN WHAT ASPECTS IS CHRISTIANITY SHOWN IN THE FIRST

PERIOD?

Under the sword of persecution.

5. NAME THE FACTS AND THE DATE OF THE BEGINNING AND END
OF THE SECOND PERIOD?

From the death of Saint John (100 AD), until the edict of Constantine
(313 AD).

6. WHAT BIG EVENTS PRESENT IN THE SECOND PERIOD?

Imperial persecutions, formation of the NT canon, development of sects

and heresies.
7. WHAT EVENTS AND DATES ARE INCLUDED IN THE THIRD
PERIOD?

From the edict of Constantine (313 AD) to the fall of Rome (476 AD)

8. DO YOU MENTION SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS OF

THE THIRD PERIOD?
.
The cross took the place of the eagle as the shelf of the nation and made
Christianity the religion of the Roman Empire.

9. WHAT GREAT FACTS CAN BE NOTED IN THE FOURTH PERIOD?

The fall of the Roman Empire.

10. NAME THE EVENTS AND DATES THAT LIMIT THE FIFTH PERIOD?

From the fall of Constantinople (1453 AD) to the end of the Thirty Years'
War (1648 AD).

11. WHAT BIG FACTS SHOULD BE NOTED IN THE FIFTH PERIOD?

The beginning of the Reformation of the church, we also see the church
of Rome divided in two, due to the people of northern Europe, also the
emergence of a counter-reformation that began in Catholic countries and
that slows down the progress of the reform.

12. BETWEEN WHAT EVENTS AND DATES IS THE SIXTH PERIOD?

From the end of the Thirty Years' War in (1648 AD) to the present.

13. NAME SOME MOVEMENTS THAT APPEARED IN THE SIXTH

PERIOD?

Puritan, Wesleyan, rationalist, Anglo-Catholic. Just as the modern

missionary movements that have contributed to the building of the church
of our times, which have made it, despite its hundreds of forms and
names, the church throughout the world.
 CHAPTER No. # 2.

14. WHAT FACTS AND DATES FIX THE FIRST GENERAL PERIOD?
From the ascension of Christ (30 AD), until the death of John in the year 100
AD The church of Christ
The church of Christ began its history, in the late spring of AD 30, as a
worldwide movement on the Day of Pentecost, 50 days after the resurrection
of our Lord, and 10 days after his ascension.

15. WHAT NAME WAS GIVEN TO THE CHURCH DURING THE FIRST
PART OF THIS PERIOD?
Apostolic church.

16. DO YOU DEFINE THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH?

17. It consists of all those who believe in Jesus Christ of Nazareth as the
Son of God and accept him as the personal savior of their lives, and as
the forgiver of all sin. And they follow him as the God and King of all the
earth.

18. WHEN DID THE CHURCH BEGIN ITS HISTORY?

19. It began its history with a worldwide movement on the day of Pentecost
in the late spring of AD 30.

20. UNTIL WHEN ARE THE DISCIPLES PROHIBITED FROM PREACHING

CHRIST AS THE MESSIAH KING?

21. Until he rose from the dead.

22. WHAT GIFT DESCENDED UPON THE FOLLOWERS OF CHRIST; AND

WHEN IT CAME?

23. Baptism in the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost.

24. WHAT EFFECTS DID THIS GIFT PRODUCE?

25. It was threefold: he illuminated their, he gave them a new concept of the
Kingdom of God, which was not a political empire but a Spiritual
Kingdom where the ascended Lord, although invisible, actively governed
all those who accepted him by faith and gave them power by imparting to
each member a favor of Spirit and a power of expression so that his
testimony was convincing to those who heard him.

26. WHERE WAS THE CHURCH LOCATED DURING ITS EARLY YEARS?

27. It began in the city of Jerusalem. 6

28. WHAT RACE AND PEOPLE WERE ALL ITS MEMBERS OF?

29. They were Jews.

30. MENTION THREE CLASSES OF PEOPLE AMONG THE MEMBERS

OF THE CHURCH?

31. Jewish Hebrews, Greeks or Hellenists, the proselytes.

32. WHO WERE THE LEADERS OF THE EARLY CHURCH?

33. The apostle Simon Peter, and the contemplative and Spiritual John.

34. HOW WAS THE CHURCH GOVERNED?

35. The twelve apostles administered this government and acted as a body,
with Peter being their spokesman.

36. WHAT WERE HIS THREE DOCTRINES?

37. The Messianic character of Jesus 2. The resurrection of Jesus 3. And
the return of Jesus.

38. WHO WERE THEIR PREACHERS?

39. It shows that all the apostles, and the church, testified of the Gospel.

40. WHAT MIRACLES ARE TELLED?

41. The healing work carried out at the door of the temple called the
Beautiful, the sudden death of Ananias and Sapphira.

42. WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THESE MIRACLES?

43. These powerful works attracted attention, motivated investigation, and

opened the hearts of multitudes to the faith of Christ.

44. HOW WAS THE SPIRIT OF FATHERHOOD MANIFESTED?

45. The love of Christ that burned in the hearts of these people caused them
to also show a love for the disciples, a unity of Spirit, a joy in communion,
and especially a self-sacrificing interest in the needy members of the
church.

i. 7
46. WHAT IS SAID ABOUT COMMUNISM IN THE EARLY CHURCH?

47. The rich distributed their assets among the poor, this practice arose with
the hope of the soon return of Christ.

48. WHAT WAS THE FAULT OR DEFECT OF THE PENTECOSTAL

CHURCH?

49. The lack of missionary zeal.

 8

CHAPTER No. # 3.
1. WHY IS THIS SUBDIVISION IMPORTANT IN THE HISTORY OF THE
CHURCH?

Because during that time, the church took the opportunity to establish itself in
Syria and Asia Minor and began to spread towards Europe. Furthermore, its
members were no longer only Jews, but Gentiles predominated.

2. WHO STARTED THE MOVEMENT TO BRING THE GOSPEL TO THE

GENTILE WORLD?

Stephen was the first in the church to have a vision for the whole world and that
was what led him to martyrdom.

3. WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF THIS MAN'S PREACHING FOR HIMSELF AND
FOR THE CHURCH?

The arrest by the Jewish authorities and the content of his message, it is
evident that Stephen proclaimed Jesus as Savior, not only to the Jews but also
to the Gentiles of the entire nation.

4. HOW DID SAUL HELP THE ADVANCE OF THE GOSPEL WHEN HE WAS
STILL AN ENEMY?

Because at that time, the Jerusalem church was dissolved and its members
spread to other places. However, wherever they went, Samaria, Damascus or
even as far away as Antioch in Syria, they became preachers of the Gospel and
established churches. So, Saul's fierce hatred became a beneficial factor for
the spread of the Gospel.

5. WHO WAS FELIPE?

He was one of the list of seven men associated with Stephen in the
administration of funds for the poor.

6. WHAT PART DID FELIPE PLAY IN THE EXTENSION OF THE MOVEMENT?

He preached and founded churches in the coastal cities of Gaza and Joppa and
Caesarea. These cities were Gentile but had a large Jewish population.
(9)
7. WHO WERE THE SAMARITANS?

They were mixed race people, who were neither Jewish nor Gentile, but whom
the Jews despised.

8. WHAT VISION DID PETER HAVE?

A large canvas that descended, which had all kinds of animals.

9. WHAT FOLLOWED PETER'S VISION?

During that vision Peter heard a voice; What God cleansed, do not call
common.

10. DO YOU REPORT SAUL'S CONVERSION?

He was on his way to Damascus when a vision of the ascended Jesus

surprised him, and he spoke to him personally, and immediately Saul fell to the
ground, and was blind for a few days until a servant of the Lord went to lay his
hands on him, and thus restore his view.

11. NAME SOME PLACES WHICH SAULO TRAVELED AFTER HIS

CONVERSION?

Damascus, Antioch, the capital of Syria of which the great province of Palestine
was a part.

12. WHERE WAS A CHURCH OF JEWS AND GENTILES ESTABLISHED?

In Antioch.

13. HOW DID THIS CHURCH COME ABOVE?

It arose because they heard the Gospel and embraced the faith of Christ.

14. WHO DID THEY SEND TO EXAMINE IT?

 To Barnabas.

15. HOW WAS THE NEWS OF THIS CHURCH RECEIVED IN JERUSALEM?

The mother church was alarmed and sent a representative to examine this
relationship between Jews and Gentiles.

10

16. HOW DID THIS MESSENGER FEEL AND WHAT DID HE DO?

He went to Antioch and instead of condemning the church, for its freedom, he
rejoiced with it. He approved the movement and remained in Antioquia.

17. WHO WAS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS CHURCH IN WORK?

Saul in Tarsus.

18. WHAT NAME WAS GIVEN IN THIS CITY TO THE FOLLOWERS OF CHRIST?

Christians.

19. WHICH MISSIONARIES DID THE CHURCH SEND FIRST?

To Paul and Barnabas.

20. WHAT METHODS DID THEY FOLLOW?

Work methods.

21. WHAT PLACES DID THEY VISITED AND IN WHAT ORDER?

They visited Salamis and Pafo, on the island of Cyprus; Antioch and Iconium in
Pisidia; and Lystra and Derbe in Lycaonia.
22. FOR WHAT PURPOSE WAS A COUNCIL HELD IN JERUSALEM?

To consider the question of the status of the Gentile members and establish a
rule for the church.

23. WHO WAS PART OF IT?

The elders, Paul, Barnabas, with Peter and James the brother of the Lord,
participated in the debate.

24. WHAT WERE THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE COUNCIL?

The conclusion they reached was that the law was only for the Jews and not for
the Gentile believers in Christ.

CHAPTER No. # 4.

1. WHAT IS THE THIRD SUBDIVISION OF THE PERIOD OF THE APOSTOLIC

CHURCH?

The church among the Gentiles.

2. WITH WHAT FACTS AND DATES DID IT START AND END?

With the council in Jerusalem (50 AD), until the martyrdom of Paul (68 AD).
3. WHAT WAS THE FIELD OF THE CHURCH AT THIS TIME?

The entire Roman empire which consisted of all the provinces on the edge of
the Mediterranean Sea and also some of its borders.

4. WHAT RACES MADE UP THE CHURCH?

Jews and Gentiles.

5. WHO WERE THE THREE LEADERS?

Saint Paul, Saint Peter and James.

6. REVIEW PAUL'S FIRST VOYAGE?

In God's calendar, the time had come for the Gospel to spread to the world as it
had never done before. While praying and fasting, the believers in Antioch knew
what God's will was. Paul and Barnabas were selected for a special work,
perhaps through someone who had the gift of prophecy. This ministry was
going to take them to new regions, with the Gospel. The new stop of the
missions was on the island of Cyprus, where they evangelized in the two cities
of Salamis and Paphos; They left for the coasts of Asia Minor, heading inland to
the cities of Antioch and Pisidia, Iconia, Lystra and Derbe, in each city they
evangelized and founded churches.

7. WHERE DID PAUL LEAVE FROM ON HIS SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY?

He left Antioch in Syria.

8. WHO WAS YOUR COMPANION?

Silas or Silvanus.
 12

9. WHO JOINED HIM LATER?

Timothy.

10. WHAT PLACES DID YOU VISIT AGAIN ON YOUR FIRST TRIP?

The churches of Asia Minor, which he had founded on his first trip.

11. WHAT NEW PLACES DO I VISIT IN ASIA?

Tarsus, Iconium and Troas.

12. WHAT NEW PLACES DO I VISIT IN EUROPE?

Philippi, Thessalonica and Berea.

13. CAN YOU NARRATE YOUR EXPERIENCES IN EACH OF THESE PLACES?

In Philippi he was imprisoned but miraculously released by an earthquake. In

Thessalonica, the Greeks unleashed a persecution against Paul, but the
Christians made him leave for Berea. In Athens Paul saw his efforts to see the
city given over to idolatry frustrated. He stayed in Corinth for 18 months; Paul's
preaching provoked the wrath of the Jews.

14. WHERE DID YOUR JOURNEY END?

At its starting point in Antioch of Syria.

15. WHAT LETTERS WERE WRITTEN ABOUT THIS TRIP?

The two letters to the Thessalonians.

16. WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF THE SECOND TRIP?

Having founded numerous churches and having opened the doors of the
imperial continent of Europe for Caesarea and Jerusalem.

17. WHAT PLACES DID PAUL VISIT ON HIS THIRD TRIP?

Tarsus, Iconium, Ephesus, Miletus, Mytilene, Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea,

Corinth, Troas, Ason, Ptolomias, Caesarea and Jerusaen.

18. WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN THE LONGEST?

In Ephesus.

13

19. TELL THE RETURN ROUTE OF YOUR THIRD TRIP?

Upon returning, he began the journey along the same route to make a final visit
to those churches and finally reach Jerusalem.

20. WHERE DID PAUL'S THIRD JOURNEY END?

In Jerusalem.

21. WHAT EPISTLES WERE WRITTEN DURING THIS TRIP?

 1st. Corinthians 2nd. Corinthians and Romans.

22. WHAT SITUATIONS WAS PAUL IN FOR A TIME AFTER THIS?

Imprisoned for five years, first in Caesarea for three years and at least two in
Rome.

23. IN WHAT CONDITION DID PAUL MAKE HIS FOURTH VOYAGE?

Prisoner, chained together with other prisoners.

24. WHAT PLACES DO I VISIT?

Sidon, Mira and Crete, Malta and finally Rome.

25. WHAT HAPPENED IN ROME?

While awaiting trial, he remained imprisoned chained to a soldier in a rented

house. As always, his first effort was to reach the Jews; But when they rejected
him he returned to the Gentiles, where he received visitors for two years.

26. WHAT LETTERS DID HE WRITE IN PRISON?

Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians and Philimon.

27. WHAT CAN BE SAY ABOUT PAUL'S LAST YEARS?

There is good reason to believe that after these two years he was released and
continued his fourth missionary journey, also visiting other places including
Spain, writing 1 and 2 Timothy and second Timothy perhaps from his second
imprisonment in Rome. He suffered martyrdom in the year 68AD.
 14

28. WHAT EMPEROR STARTED THE FIRST IMPERIAL PERSECUTION OF

CHRISTIANS?

Nero.

29. WHAT CAUSED THIS PERSECUTION?

The fire of Rome is said to have been started by Nero, but he accused the
Christians.

30. WHO SUFFERED MARTYRDOM AT THIS TIME?

Peter, Paul and thousands of Christians.

31. WHAT WAS THE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE OF THE PERIOD?

Before the end of this period (68 AD) a large part of the NT was already in
circulation. Including Matthew, Mark, Luke, the epistles of Saint Peter, James
and perhaps 2nd. Pedro.
15

CHAPTER No. # 5.

1. NAME THE FOUR SUBDIVISIONS IN THE HISTORY OF THE APOSTOLIC

CHURCH?

The fall of Jerusalem (70 AD). Second imperial persecution: Domitian (90 AD).
Termination of the NT. The condition of the church.
2. WHY IS THE LAST SUBDIVISION CALLED THE SHADOW AGE?

Partly because the darkness of persecution was upon the church. But especially
because of all the periods of the church, it is the one we know the least about.

3. BETWEEN WHAT DATES DID THIS SUBDIVISION OCCUR?

In the first century; from 68 to 100 AD.

4. WHAT WAS THE FIRST IMPORTANT FACT MENTIONED?

The fall of Jerusalem in 90 AD

5. DESCRIBE THAT EVENT?

The Jews, when interpreting their prophetic writings, believed that they were
destined to conquer and rule the world. Around 66 AD The Jews rose up in
open rebellion.

6. WHAT WAS THE EFFECT ON THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH?

It put an end forever to all relations between Judaism and Christianity.

7. WHICH EMPEROR ORDERED THE SECOND IMPERIAL PERSECUTION OF

CHRISTIANS?

The Emperor Domitian.

8. WHEN DID THIS PERSECUTION HAPPEN?

Around 90 AD

9. WHAT HAPPENED TO ONE OF THE APOSTLES DURING THIS

PERSECUTION?

They arrested him and took him to the island of Patmos, in the Aegean Sea.
 16

10. WHAT BOOKS OF THE NT. WERE THE LAST TO WRITE?

Hebrews, maybe the 2nd. of Peter, the epistles and the Gospel of John, Jude
and Revelation.

11. WHAT IS SAID ABOUT THE NUMBER AND EXTENSION OF THE CHURCH
AT THE END OF THIS PERIOD?

Seventy years after the ascension of Christ, by this date there were already
families who for three generations were followers of Christ.

12. WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE DID THE CHURCH REPRESENT?

To all classes, from the most noble to the slave, who throughout the empire
outnumbered the free population. A slave could be a bishop while his master a
member.

13. WHAT WAS YOUR DOCTRINAL SYSTEM?

In the church the slave was treated the same as the noble.

14. WHAT INSTITUTIONS DID THE CHURCH HAVE?

At the end of the first century the entire church accepted as rules of faith the
doctrines set forth by the apostle Paul in the epistle to the Romans.

15. HOW WAS BAPTISM OBSERVED?

Rite of initiation in the church.

16. HOW WAS THE LORD'S SUPPER OBSERVED?

The Lord's Supper was universally observed; it began in a home service, like
the Jewish Passover, from which it originated.
17. WHICH CHURCH OFFICERS ARE MANMINATED?

The deacons.

18. WHAT WAS THE PLAN OF WORSHIP IN THE CHURCH MEETINGS?

It is derived from that of the Jewish synagogues. Passages from the OT were
read. And from the apostolic letters, as well as from the Gospels. Psalms from
the Bible and Christian hymns were sung.

17

19. WHAT WAS THE SPIRITUAL STATE OF THE CHURCH AT THE END OF
THE FIRST CENTURY?

It was everywhere, strong, active, growing and rising to dominate in all areas of
the Roman Empire.

CHAPTER No. # 6.

1. NAME THE SECOND GENERAL PERIOD OF THE CHURCH?

The persecuted church, until the edict of Constantine (313 AD)

2. WITH WHAT FACTS AND DATES DOES IT START AND END?

Since the death of Saint John (100 AD)

3. WHAT IS THE MOST PROMINENT FACT IN THE HISTORY OF THIS

PERIOD?

It was the persecution that the Roman emperors carried out against Christianity.
4. IN WHICH CENTURY DID THE ROMAN EMPERORS PERSECUTE THE
CHURCH?

In the second and third centuries.

5. WHAT KIND OF ROMAN EMPERORS WERE THE MOST SEVERE IN THEIR

PERSECUTIONS?

Nero, Domitian, Seventh Severus, and Deoclesian.

6. INDICATE SEVEN CAUSES THAT MOTIVATED THESE IMPERIAL

PERSECUTIONS?

Inclusive conduct of paganism and exclusive conduct of Christianity. Adoration

of the emperor. Recognized Judaism, secret meetings of Christians. Equality
in the Christian church.

7. WHAT WAS THE ATTITUDE OF PAGANISM TOWARDS THE NEW OBJECTS

OF WORSHIP?

He welcomed them; where the gods already numbered in the hundreds, even in
the thousands, one more god did not stand out in any way. When the people of
a city or province wanted to develop trade or immigration, they built temples to
the gods that were worshiped in other countries so that the citizens of those
other countries could have a place of worship.

8. WHAT WAS THE CHRISTIAN'S SPIRIT TOWARDS OTHER FORMS OF

WORSHIP?

Christianity was opposed to all worship except that of its own God.

9. HOW DID THE GOVERNMENT CONSIDER THE JEWISH RELIGION?

As a permitted religion.

10. HOW DID IT AFFECT THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION, FIRST AND LATER?
 First, the apparent relationship between Judaism and the government; kept
Christians in persecution. After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD,
Christianity was left alone without laws to protect its followers from the hatred of
its enemies.

11. HOW WERE THE SECRET MEETINGS OF CHRISTIANS CONSIDERED?

First, they aroused suspicions. Second, false rumors circulated of lewd or

criminal rites that were carried out among them, and the government was
suspicious of all cults or secret societies, fearing disloyal purposes.

12. WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF EQUALIZING TRENDS OF THE CHRISTIAN

CHURCH?

This was an ignominy for the nobles, the philosophers and the ruling classes,
and the Christians were considered egalitarians, anarchists and disruptors of
the social order.

13. HOW DID SOME COMMERCIAL INTERESTS PROMOTE PERSECUTION

AGAINST CHRISTIANS?

They generated a spirit of persecution, because rulers persecuted Christians

under the influence of individuals whose financial interests were affected by the
progress of the church. For example: Among these priests and lay servants of
idol temples, those who made images, sculptors, temple architects and others
who earned their living through pagan worship.

14. WHAT WAS THE CONDITION OF THE CHURCH MOST OF THE TIME
DURING THOSE CENTURIES?

There was an apparent calm where the disciples were not much disturbed in
their religious observances, the sword of persecution was sheathed.

15. WAS THE PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS CONTINUED DURING THOSE

CENTURIES?

No; From the reign of Trajan to that of Anthony Pius (96-161), Christianity was
not recognized, although it was not severely persecuted either; no Christian
could be arrested without a defined and proven complaint.
16. WHAT EMPERORS PERSECUTED THE CHURCH BEFORE THE YEAR 100
AD?

Nero (66-68) and Domitian (90-95).

17. WHO WERE KNOWN AS THE GOOD FIVE?

Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonio Pio and Marcus Aurelius.

18. HOW DID THEY TREAT THE CHRISTIANS DURING THEIR DOMINATION?

The spirit of the time was rather to ignore the Christian religion. However, when
charges were made and Christians refused to recant, the rulers were forced,
even against their will, to enforce the law and order its execution.

19. WHICH CHRISTIAN LEADERS SUFFERED MARTYRDOM AT THAT TIME?

Simeon or Simon and Ignatius.

20. WHAT ESPECIALLY GREAT AND GOOD EMPEROR BECAME A

PERSECUTOR OF THE CHURCH?

Marcus Aurelius.

21. WHAT REASONS DID YOU HAVE?

He first saw Christians as innovators and wanted to restore the ancient

simplicity of Roman life and with it ancient religion.

22. WHO WERE THE MARTYRS DURING THEIR REIGN?

Polycarp and Justin Martyr.

23. WHO IS MENTIONED AS THE THIRD PERSECUTING EMPEROR IN THAT

PERIOD?
 To Seventh Severus.

24. WHO SUFFERED UNDER THIS EMPEROR?

Leonidas, the father of the great theologian Origen, died beheaded in

Alexandria. In 203 AD, wild beasts tore to pieces Perpetua, a noblewoman of
Carthage, and Felicita her faithful slave.

25. WHAT GOOD EDICT DID CARACALLA PROMOTE AND AS A BENEFIT TO

CHRISTIANS?

I confirm citizenship to every person who was not a slave.

26. WHO WAS THE FOURTH PERSECUTING EMPEROR?

It was the emperor Decius.

27. WHAT RELIEF FOLLOWED THE DEATH OF THIS EMPEROR?

More than fifty years of relative calm.

28. WHO WAS THE FIFTH PERSECUTING EMPEROR?

It was Emperor Valerian.

29. WHO PERISHED IN HIS REIGN?

The famous Cyprian, bishop of Carthage and one of the great writers and
leaders of the church in that period, as well as the sixth Roman bishop.

30. DESCRIBE THE SIXTH AND LAST PERSECUTING EMPEROR?

A maker of a series of edicts; He ordered the burning of every copy of the Bible,
the demolition of the churches built throughout the empire during the half-
century of relative calm, the removal of citizenship from those who did not
renounce the Christian religion and leaving them without the protection of the
law. In some places he gathered Christians in their temples and burned them.
Thus the believers perished within its walls. It is also said that the Emperor
 Diocletian erected a monument with the inscription: In honor of the
extermination of Christian superstition. However, 25 years later, Christianity
became the official religion of the emperor, the court and the empire.

CHAPTER No. # 7.

1. INDICATE THE TWO TOPICS ALREADY CONSIDERED IN THIS PERIOD?

Formation of the NT canon. Development of the Ecclesiastical organization.

2. WHAT IS THE THIRD THEME?

Doctrine development.

3. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BOOKS AND THE CANON?

The difference is that the canon was an institution, and the books were only
writings that existed; which some Christians studied them and others did not.
And this institution took the authority of God to authorize the books that we now
have, as the Word of Two.

4. WHAT BOOKS OF OUR NEW TESTAMENT WERE DISCUSSED FOR SOME

TIME?

Hebrews, Santiago, 2nd. Peter and Revelation.

5. WHAT BOOKS THAT ARE NOT NOW IN THE BIBLE WERE ACCEPTED BY
SOME CHURCHES?

The Shepherd of Hermas, the Epistle of Barnabas, the teaching of the twelve
apostles and the apocalypse of Peter.

6. HOW WERE THE CANON BOOKS FINALLY ACCEPTED?

The councils ratified the choice already made by the churches.

7. WHAT IS SAID ABOUT THE ECCLESIASTICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE
EARLY CHURCH?

While the first apostles lived, the general respect for them as Christ's chosen
founders of the church, and men endowed with Divine inspiration made them
the undisputed leaders and rulers of the church, to the extent that government
was necessary.

8. WHICH TWO ORDERS WERE ORIGINALLY THE SAME?

The titles “Bishop” and “Elders”.

9. WHEN DO WE FIND THE ORGANIZATION COMPLETE?

Sixty years later, around 125 AD

10. WHAT WAS THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED IN THE

CHURCH?

Each one ruled his own diocese, with priests and deacons under his authority.

11. INDICATE FIVE CAUSES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THIS FORM

1).The loss of apostolic authority led to the election of new leaders. 2). The
great founders of the church, Peter, Paul, James, (the Lord's brother) and John,
the last of the apostles, had died without leaving men of their stature to succeed
them. 3). after Peter and Paul died, and for fifty or sixty years the church is
blank. 4). We do not know what men like Timothy, Titus and Apollos did. 5).
Although a generation later, new names appear as bishops with authority over
their different dioceses.

12. HOW DID THE EMPIRE'S GOVERNMENT SYSTEM GUIDE THE

CHURCH SYSTEM?

As long as the church was limited to regions where occasional visits from the
apostles could be received, few authorities were needed.

13.WHAT TEACHINGS WERE EMPHASIZED IN THE APOSTOLIC PERIOD?

 The imperative demand for discipline to confront heretics and ensure the unity
of the faith.

14.WHAT CHANGE WAS LATER IN THE CHURCH?

A government of higher hierarchy was established before one exercised by the

ministry on a level of equality, we find that the analogy of the imperial
government provided a plan that was naturally followed in the development of
the church.

15.WHAT WAS THE FIRST CREED THAT WAS DECLARED?

That of the apostles.

16.WHERE DID THEOLOGY SCHOOLS EMERGE?

In Alexandria, in Asia Minor and in North Africa.

17.NAME SOME OF THE MAIN TEACHERS AND EXHIBITORS IN EACH

SCHOOL?

Pantenus, former Stoic philosopher, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Irenaeus

and Cyprian.

CHAPTER No. # 8

1. WHAT PROMOTED THE BIRTH OF SECTS AND HEREGIES IN THE

CHURCH?

Due to the apostasy of the church, along with the doctrine of God, they also let
in false doctrines, which gave rise to many sects.

2. NAME FOUR OF THE MAIN SECTS?

 Nosticism, the Ebionites, the Manichaeans and the Montanists.

3. EXPLAIN THE TEACHINGS OF EACH OF THOSE SECTS?

-Nosticism:

They did not believe in the Deity of Christ, they denied the incarnation of Christ,
they also believed that Jesus was an angel.

The supreme God emanated in a large number of deities, they considered that
in Christ, as from one of these emotions, he dwelt for a time in nature, and the
scriptures were interpreted in the manner most appropriate to the interpreter.

-The Ebionites:

They insisted that Jewish laws and customs must be observed, they rejected
Paul's writings, because they recognized Gentiles as Christians.

-The Manichaeans:

They believed that the universe was made up of two kingdoms, one of light and
the other of darkness, they rejected Jesus but believed in a heavenly Christ and
renounced marriage.

-The montanists:

They called for a return to the simplicity of the early Christians, they believed in
the priesthood of all true believers and not in the orders of the ministry, they had
strict discipline in the church, they considered the gifts of prophecy as the
privileges of the disciples and they had many prophets and prophetesses.

4. WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO KNOW PRECISELY WHAT THESE SECTS

TEACHED?

Because his own writings no longer exist. To form a concept about them, one
depends on the writings that were written against them, which were
undoubtedly being prejudiced.
5. WHAT WERE THE FOUR ASPECTS IN THE CONDITION OF THE CHURCH
AT THE END OF THE PERSECUTIONS?

-These kept away all those who were not sincere in their profession.

-No one joined the church for worldly gain or popularity.

-The weak and faint of heart left the church.

-Only those who were willing to be faithful until death were those who openly
became followers of Christ.

6. WHAT WILL GIVE US AN INDICATION AS TO ITS NUMBER?

Some research shows that church members and their sympathizers made up
half of the 120 million under Roman rule. Other evidence was found in the
catacombs of Rome, which for two centuries were places of hiding, meeting and
burial for Christians. Based on the tombs of the Christians, it is estimated that
there were 7 million and no explorer estimates less than 2 million, and there
could have been more, which is why many Christians were not buried in the
catacombs.

CHAPTER No. # 9

1. WHAT IS THE TITLE OF THE THIRD GENERAL PERIOD?

The Imperial Church.

2. WITH WHAT FACTS AND ON WHAT DATES DOES IT START AND END?

From the edict of Constantine 313 AD until the fall of Rome 476 AD

3. WHAT WAS THE MOST PROMINENT EVENT OF THIS PERIOD?

It was the victory of Christianity in 305 AD

4. WHAT CONTRAST IS BETWEEN TWO DATES NOT VERY SEPARATED IN

THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH AND THE EMPIRE?
 That the profession of Christianity was totally prohibited, and was punished with
torture and death, and all the power of the empire was exercised against it.
Less than 20 years later in 324 AD, Christianity was recognized as the official
religion of the Roman Empire and a Christian emperor exercised supreme
authority with a court of professing Christians around him.

5. WHICH EMPEROR RECOGNIZED CHRISTIANITY?

Emperor Constantine.

6. WITH WHOM DID HE CONTAIN IMPERIAL POWER?

With Maxentius.

7. WHAT WAS YOUR VISION AS REPORTED?

It is reported that he saw a cross in the sky, luminous with the motto “Hoc Signo
Vinces”: “by this sign you will conquer”, which he later adopted as the insignia of
his army.

8. WHAT EDICT WAS PROMULGATED AND WHEN?

In 313 AD, he promulgated his famous Edict of Toleration which officially ended
the persecutions.

9. WHAT RESULTED FROM HAVING BECOME THE SOLE EMPEROR?

The result was the enthronement of Christianity.

10. WHAT WAS HIS CHARACTER?

It wasn't perfect. Although he was generally fair, he was sometimes cruel and
tyrannical. It has been said that “the reality of his Christianity was better than its
quality. (this is Constantine)

11. MENTION SEVEN GOOD RESULTS OBTAINED AFTER THE

RECOGNIZATION OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE EMPIRE?
 -Once and for all, all persecution of Christians ceases.

-For more than 200 years, Christians were never free from accusation and
death.

-From the promulgation of Constantine's edict in 313 AD, until the end of the
Roman Empire, the sword of persecution was not only sheathed, but buried.

-Church buildings were being restored and reopened everywhere.

-During the time of the cessation of the persecutions, buildings for churches
began to be erected.

-Christians were free to build temples.

-Hence, buildings began to rise everywhere.

12. SAY WHAT WAS INVOLVED IN EACH OF THESE SEVEN RESULTS?

Everything was beneficial to the church, they were living in a
freedom to live a different life, worshiping Jesus Christ without fear, and
building temples wherever they wanted.

13. MENTION SOME GOOD RESULTS FOR THE STATE FROM THE VICTORY
OF CHRISTIANITY?

Vast-reaching global results were obtained.

14. WHAT FORM OF EXECUTION CEASED AND WHY?

The crucifixion of criminals, due to the fact that Constantine adopted the cross
as the emblem of Christians and as the insignia of his army.

15. WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF CHRISTIANITY ON THE LIVES OF BABIES?

The influence of Christianity imparted a sacred character to human life, even

that of the smallest children, and made the evil of infanticide disappear from the
entire empire.
16. HOW WAS THE TREATMENT OF SLAVES AFFECTED?

With the influence of Christianity, the treatment of slaves immediately became

more humane. They were given legal rights they never had before. They could
accuse their masters of cruel treatment.
17. WHAT HAPPENED REGARDING THE GLADIATOR GAMES?

They were banned. This law was put into effect in Constantine's new capital,
where the Hippodrome was never contaminated with men killing each other for
the pleasure of the spectators.

18. WHAT BAD RESULTS DID THE VICTORY OF CHRISTIANITY ALSO BRING?

The establishment of Christianity as the state religion became a curse.

Everyone sought to be members of the church and almost everyone received
them. Both the good and the bad, those who sincerely sought God and the
hypocrites who only sought personal gain, rushed to enter the communion;
worldly, ambitious, unscrupulous men sought positions in the church to obtain
social and political influence. The moral throne of Christianity in power was
much lower than that which had distinguished the same people under the time
of persecution.

19. WHAT WAS THE EVIL THAT AFFECTED THE CHURCH?

The services increased in splendor, but were less spiritual and sincere than
previous times. The forms and ceremonies of paganism gradually infiltrated
worship.

20. WHAT PAGAN CUSTOMS EMERGED IN THE CHURCHES?

Some of the ancient pagan festivals became church festivals with a change of
name and worship. Around 405 AD, the temples began

appear, adoration and performance of worship to images of saints and martyrs.

The adoration of the Virgin Mary replaced the adoration of Venus and Diana.
The Lord's Supper became a sacrifice rather than a reminder.

21. IN WHAT WAS THE SPIRITUAL LEVEL OF THE CHURCH RECEIVED

INFLUENCE?
 In that we do not see Christianity that transforms the world to its ideal, but rather
the world that dominates the church. The humility and holiness of the early era
was succeeded by ambition, pride and arrogance among the members of the
church.

22. WHAT DAMAGE DID THE UNION OF THE CHURCH WITH THE STATE
CAUSE?

There were two evils: one in the eastern provinces and another in the western
ones. In the East the state dominated the church in such a way that it lost all its
energy and life. In the West, as we will see, the church little by little usurped
power from the state. As a result, there was no Christianity, but rather a more
or less corrupt hierarchy that dominated the European nations and that
fundamentally turned the church into a political machine.

CHAPTER No. # 10

1. NAME FIVE TOPICS IN THIS CHAPTER?

Founding of Constantinople. Division of the empire. Suppression of paganism.

Controversies and councils. Birth of monasticism.

2. WHY DID THE EMPIRE NEED A NEW CAPITAL?

Because Rome was closely associated with pagan worship, full of temples and
statues, heavily inclined to ancient worship, a city dominated by pagan
traditions.

3. WHERE WAS THE CAPITAL FOUNDED?

In the Greek city of Byzantium, which had existed for a thousand years, located
at the point of contact between Europe and Asia.

4. WHY WAS THE CHOICE OF THE PLACE WISE?

First, because the city was fortified by nature and throughout its history of more
than 25 centuries, enemies have rarely taken it, while its rival, Rome, has been
sacked and defeated many times.
5. WHAT WERE THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EMPEROR AND THE
CHURCH LEADER?

They lived in harmony. The church was honored and revered, but
overshadowed by the authority of the throne. On the one hand, due to the
presence of the emperor. On the other hand, due to the very docile nature of its
people, the church in the Eastern Empire became fundamentally a servant of
the state.

6. DESCRIBE A CELEBRATE BUILDING IN THAT CAPITAL?

The greatest was: Hagia Sophia, “sacred wisdom” was built by Constantine,
after its destruction by fire, the Emperor Justinian rebuilt it in (537 AD) in such a
magnificent way that it surpassed any other in his time.

7. WHY WAS THE EMPIRE DIVIDED?

Because the borders were so extensive, and the danger of barbarian invasion
was so imminent, that a single emperor could no longer protect his vast
domains.

8. WHO STARTED THE DIVISION?

Diocletian in 305 AD

9. WHO WHO FINISHED IT?

Theodosius.

10. WHERE WAS THE BORDER FIXED BETWEEN THE TWO SECTIONS OF
THE EMPIRE?

In the Adriatic Sea, this was the division between the two sections of Eastern
and Western.

11. WHAT LANGUAGE WAS SPOKEN IN THE TWO SECTIONS?

Greek and Latin.

12. HOW DID CONSTANTINE'S SUCCESSORS TREAT PAGANISM?

They sought to accelerate the movement through a series of oppressive laws.

Sacrifices and worship rites were prohibited and their observance constituted a
punishable offense.

13. WHAT WAS CONSTANTINE'S ATTITUDE TOWARDS PAGAN RELIGIONS?

He did not sanction any sacrifice to the images that were previously worshiped
and put an end to offerings to the statue of the emperor, however he favored
tolerance of all forms of religion and sought the gradual conversion of his
subjects to Christianity through evangelization and not by coercion. .

14. WHAT EDICTS WERE PROMULATED AFTER HIS TIME AGAINST PAGAN
RELIGIONS?

The death penalty and confiscation of all property of idol worshipers. Then the
destruction of the temples that still stood, unless they were needed for Christian
worship. A law so that no one would write or speak against the Christian
religion.

15. WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF THOSE LAWS?

That paganism was exterminated in the course of three or four generations.

16. WHEN DID GREAT CONTROVERSIES ARISE IN THE CHURCH?

When Christianity's long conflict with paganism was ending in victory.

17. WHAT WERE THE CONTROVERSIES ABOUT?

About his doctrines.

18. WHO WAS ARIUS?

A presbyter from Alexandria around 318 AD

19. WHAT DID HE TEACH?

 That Christ, although superior to human nature, was inferior to God and was not
eternal in existence, but had a beginning.

20. WHO OPPOSED ARRius?

Athanasius also of Alexandria.

21. WHAT WAS THE POINT OF VIEW OF THIS OPPONENT OF ARIUS?

It affirmed the unity of the Son with the Father, the deity of Christ and his eternal
existence.

22. WHICH COUNCIL CONSIDERED THE QUESTION?

That of bishops who met in Nicaea, Bithynia, in 325 AD

23. HOW WAS THE ISSUE SETTLED?

That the council condemned the teachings of Arius, in the Nicene creed.

24. WHAT WAS THE RESULT LATER?

When Arius was politically powerful, many of the higher classes, including
Constantine's successor son, held his opinions.

25. WHAT WAS APOLINARIO'S HERESY?

He declared that the divine nature took on the human nature of Christ.
Furthermore, Jesus on earth was not a man but God in the form of a man.

26. WHICH COUNCIL DECIDED THE QUESTION?

The Council of Constantinople 381 AD

27. WHAT WAS THE PELAGIAN CONTROVERSY ABOUT?

 On issues related to sin and salvation

28. WHO WAS PELAGIUS?

Monk came from Great Britain to Rome around 410 AD

29. WHAT WERE THE IDEAS AGAINST PELAGIUS?

The greatest intelligence of Saint Paul in the history of Christianity, the powerful
Augustine, who maintained that Adam represented all species, that in the sin of
Adam all men sinned and all humankind is considered guilty.

30. WHAT COUNCIL INTERVENED IN THE DECISION OF THAT ISSUE?

The council of Carthage in 418 AD condemned Pelagius' idea, and Augustine's

theology became the orthodoxy rule in the church.

31. WHAT WAS THE ORIGIN OF MONACATHY?

It came from a serious departure from the Augustinian system of doctrine, and
while these controversies raged this movement was born.

32. WHO FOUNDED IT?

Antony around 320 AD

33. WHAT WERE THE SAINTS OF THE PILAR?

They were builders of pillars on which they lived, and thousands of people
followed their example.

34. WHAT WAS THE TREND OF MONASTIC LIFE IN EUROPE?

The solitary and individual life of the ascetic soon resulted in the establishment
of monasteries in Europe, where work was linked to prayer.

35. WHO REGULATED IT?

 The Benedict law, promulgated in 529 AD

CHAPTER No. # 11

1. INDICATE THE FIRST SIX SUBDIVISIONS OF THE IMPERIAL CHURCH

PERIOD?

Victory of Christianity, founding of Constantinople, division of the empire,

suppression of paganism, controversies and councils and the development of
monasticism.

2. WHAT WAS THE SEVENTH THEME?

The development of power in the Roman church.

3. WHAT CAUSED AND HELPED THE POWER OF THE CHURCH OF ROME

AND ITS BISHOPS?

The resemblance of the church to the empire as an organization strengthened

the tendency towards the appointment of a leader.

4. WHAT APOSTOLIC AUTHORITY WAS INVOKED FOR ITS RELATIONSHIPS?

It was the only church that claimed to be able to mention two apostles as its
founders, and these were the greatest of the apostles, Saint Peter and Saint
Paul. It emerged that Peter was the first bishop of Rome. As a bishop, Peter
should have been pope. Therefore, Peter, as the chief of the apostles, must
have possessed authority over the entire church. It was argued that Peter was
the first head of the church, so his successors, the popes of Rome, should
continue his authority.

5. HOW DID THE CHARACTER OF THE CHURCH AND ITS BISHOPS HELP IN
THIS PROGRESS OF POWER?
 In that the bishops of Rome were generally stronger, wiser men who made
themselves felt throughout the church.

6. WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF THE CAPITAL TRANSFER?

In that far from lessening the influence of the Roman bishop or pope, it
increased it considerably. In Constantinople the emperor and his court
dominated the church. But in Rome there was no emperor who surpassed or
intimidated the pope. Now that the capital was far away, and especially as the
empire itself was in decline, loyalty to the Roman pontiff began to take the place
of loyalty to the emperor.

7. WHAT WAS THE APPARENT CONDITION OF THE EMPIRE UNDER

CONSTANTINE?

The kingdom seemed to be very well protected and impregnable as it had been
in the reign of Marcus Aurelius or Augustus.

8. WHAT WAS YOUR REAL SITUATION?

They were weakened by moral and political decay, and ready to succumb
under the surrounding invaders eager to defeat them.

9. MENTION FOUR CAUSES OF BARBARIAN INVASIONS?

The first was the riches of the empire, due to the opulent cities that lived in
peace, vast fields with crops, people who possessed all the things that the poor,
uncivilized, wandering, but aggressive tribes who lived on the other side of the
border were desiring.
10. INDICATE THE SEVEN CONQUESTS OF THE BARBARIANS, WHERE EACH
ONE CAME FROM AND THE PART OF THE EMPIRE AFFECTED?

First were the races that were between the Danube and the Baltic Sea, led by
their captain Alaric, the Visigoths (Goths of the West) launched themselves into
Greece and Italy, captured and plundered Rome and established a kingdom in
the south of France. __ The Vandals, under the command of Geseric, marched
through France to Spain and from there they went to North Africa, conquering
these countries.___ The Burgundians crossed the Rhine and established a
kingdom that had Strasbourg as its center.___ The Franks , a Germanic tribe,
captured northern Gaul, which they called France. When the “Saxons” and
“Angles” of Denmark and “the northern countries” saw the Roman legions
abandon Britain, they invaded, generation after generation, and nearly wiped
out ancient Christianity.

The terrible Huns, under their ruthless king Atalia, invaded Italy and threatened
to destroy not only the Roman Empire, but also the kingdoms established within
its borders.

Due to these successive invasions and divisions, the once vast Roman empire
was reduced to a small territory around the capital.

11. WHEN AND WHO ENDED THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE?

A small tribe of Germans, the Heruli, Odoacer in 476 AD

12. HOW DID THESE INVATIONS AFFECT THE CHURCH AND ITS
RELATIONSHIPS?

Although in that decadent era, Christianity was still vital and active and
conquered these conquering races, the decline and fall of Roman imperial
power only increased the influence of the church of Rome and its popes
 throughout Europe. So although the empire fell, the church retained its imperial
position.

13. NAME FIVE OF THE GREAT CHURCH LEADERS DURING THIS PERIOD?

Athanasius, Ambrose of Milan, John nicknamed Chrysostom, Jerome,

Augustine

14. DESCRIBE THE LIFE AND INFLUENCE OF EACH LEADER?

Athanasius: was the great defender of the faith at the beginning of the period,
he rose to prominence in the Arius controversy. At the Council of Nicaea, in 325
AD, he was the leader in the discussion although he did not have a vote. At 30
years of age, he was bishop of Alexandria, he was banished five times, but he
always fought for the faith.

Ambrose of Milan: he was the first of the Latin fathers, he was elected
bishop while he was a layman. He became a prominent figure in the church. He
wrote many books, but his greatest honor was receiving the powerful Augustine
into the church.

Juan, nicknamed Chrysostom: they called him the golden mouth, due to his
unparalleled eloquence, he was the greatest preacher of the period. He was
born in Antioch in 345 AD He became bishop or patriarch of Constantinople in
398 AD and I preach to immense congregations in the church of Saint Sophia.
He was a powerful preacher, a statesman, and a very able expositor of the
Bible.

Jerónimo: he was the most learned of the Latin fathers. He received an

education in literature and oratory in Rome, but renounced the honors of the
world for a religious life, strongly tinged with asceticism. He established a
monastery in Bethlehem and lived there for many years. Of his numerous
writings, the one that had the most extensive influence was his translation of the
 Bible into the Latin language, a work known as the Vulgate, namely, the Bible in
common language, which is still the authorized Bible of the Roman Catholic
Church.

Augustine: born in North Africa. From a very young age he was a brilliant
scholar, but worldly, ambitious but a lover of pleasure. At the age of 30 he
became a Christian due to the influence of his mother. Among his many works,
“The City of God” was a magnificent defense for Christianity to take the place of
the decadent empire.

CHAPTER No. # 12

1. WHAT WAS THE MOST PROMINENT EVENT IN THE HISTORY OF THE

CHURCH DURING THE MIDDLE AGES?

The development of papal power.

2. HOW WERE THE POPE'S CLAIMS DIFFERENT IN THE FIRST CENTURIES

AND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES?

In that he not only wanted to be the “universal bishop” and head of the church
but now he also claims to be governor of nations, kings and emperors.

3. WHAT WERE THE THREE STAGES OF THIS DEVELOPMENT?

Growth, culmination and decay.

4. BETWEEN WHAT YEARS WAS THE FIRST STAGE OF PAPAL POWER?

590- 1073 AD

5. WITH WHICH REIGNING POPES DID IT OCCUR?

With the Gregorys from I to VII.

6. WHAT WAS THE POPE CALLED THE GREAT?

 Gregory I.

7. WHAT WERE SOME OF THE THINGS YOU DID?

He sent missionaries to England to Christianize the people. He extended the

kingdom of his church animated by an active interest in the conversion of
European nations that still remained pagan and bringing the Visigoth Arians in
Spain to the Orthodox faith.

8. GIVE FOUR REASONS OR CAUSES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAPAL

POWER?

Gregory successfully resisted the claims of the patriarch of Constantinople to

the title of universal bishop...He made the church a virtual ruler in the province
around Rome...In this way he prepared temporal or political power...He also
developed certain doctrines of the Roman church, regarding all the worship of
images, purgatory and transubstantiation or the belief that the same or
communion bread and wine are miraculously transformed into the true body and
blood of Christ.

9. WHAT WERE SOME OF THE FRAUDS CALLED “PIOS” PERPETRATED

DURING THOSE CENTURIES?

The “Donation of Constantine” and “Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals.”

10. DO DEFINE AND EXPLAIN EACH OF THOSE FRAUDS?

“Donation of Constantine”: long after the fall of the Roman Empire in Europe,
a document was put into circulation with the purpose of proving that
Constantine, the first Christian emperor, had given to the bishop of Rome,
Sylvester I (314-335 AD) , supreme authority over all the European provinces of
the empire and proclaimed the bishop of Rome as ruler even over the
emperors. The document explains that the transfer of the capital from Rome to
Constantinople was due to the fact that the emperor would not allow any
potentate to remain in Rome as the rival of the pope.
 “Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals”: published around 830 AD They professed to be
decisions adopted by the early bishops of Rome, from the apostles in
descending scale, presenting the highest claims, such as:

Absolute supremacy of the Pope of Rome over the universal church;

independence of the state church; inviolability of the clergy in all their ranks to
the point that they were not obliged to give an account to the state, nor could
any secular court judge in matters of the clergy or the church.

11. WHAT EVIDENCE LATER PROVED ITS FALSENESS?

Their language was not the primitive Latin of the first and second centuries, but
the corrupt and mixed language of the eighth and ninth centuries. The titles and
historical conditions to which they referred were not those of the empire, but
those of the Middle Ages, very different. Frequent quotations from the scripture
were from the Vulgate (Latin) version, which was not translated until 400 AD.

12. UNDER WHICH POPE WAS THE CULMINATION OF THE PAPAL DEMANDS
ACHIEVED?

Hildebrand. The only pope known by his family name rather than by his
assumed name as pope, Gregory VII.

13. ARE SOME OF THAT POPE'S ACTS STATED?

He reformed the clergy (priestly class in the Catholic Church) that had become
corrupt and broke, although only for a time, simony or the purchase of positions
in the church. He raised the standards of morality in all the clergy and imposed
celibacy of the priesthood, which although required, was not mandatory until his
day. He freed the church from state domination by ending the appointment of
popes and bishops by kings and emperors.

14. OVER WHAT RULERS AND WHAT ACTS WAS VICTORIOUS?

About Henry IV. He retaliated with an excommunication, absolving all of Henry

IV's subjects of their loyalty to the latter.
15. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO SAY GOING TO CANOSA?

Submission to the pope or the church, submit and receive forgiveness.

16. WHICH OTHER POPE EXERCISED SUPREME AUTHORITY AND IN WHAT

TIME?

Innocent III (1198-1216)

17. WHAT WERE SOME OF YOUR DEMANDS?

That the pope successor of Saint Peter occupies an intermediate position

between God and man. He is inferior to God but superior to man, he is the
Judge of all, but no one judges him.

18. OVER WHICH RULERS DOES HE EXERCISE HIS POWER?

Otto IV of Brunswick, Philip Augustus king of France and John without land
(English)

19. WHAT LED TO THE DECLINE OF PAPAL POWER?

The competition of the Middle Ages and national, versus ecclesiastical, loyalty
produced this decline.

20. WHICH DAD DEMONSTRATED BY HIS EXPERIENCES THE CHANGE OF

ISSUES?

Boniface VIII.

21. WHAT DOES THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY MEAN AND WHEN DID IT
OCCUR?
 For the transfer of the seat of the papacy from Rome to Avignon, in 1305 to
1378, in the south of France. The popes became nominal heads with no real
influence or power under French rule.

22. HOW DID THIS PERIOD OF CAPTIVITY END?

In 1378 the reigning pope, Gregory XI, returned to Rome; in 1414 the Council of
Constance was held to decide between the claims of four popes; Since 1378,
popes have continued to reside in Rome.

CHAPTER No. # 13

1. WHAT GREAT RELIGION EMERGED IN THE MIDDLE AGES?

The Muslims.

2. WHAT IS THE NUMBER OF YOUR FOLLOWERS TODAY?

More than 200 million people.

3. WHO FOUNDED IT?

Muhammad.

4. WHAT CAN BE SAY ABOUT YOUR LIFE?

 Muhammad was born in Mecca, Arabia, in 570 AD At the age of 40, in 610, he
began his career as a prophet and reformer.

5. WHAT DOES THE HEGIRA MEAN?

It provides the date by which the Mohammedan calendar governs.

6. NAME THE SIX GREAT DOCTRINES OF THE MUSLIM FAITH?

There is only one God who is called Allah, (the common word being similar to
the Hebrew “Elohím” 2. All good or bad acts have been pre-established by God,
therefore, in each act the will of God is carried out. 3. There are multitudes of
invisible angels, good and bad, who constantly interact with men. 4. God
delivered his revelation in the Quran, a series of messages communicated to
Muhammad through the angel Gabriel, although they were not compiled until
after the prophet's death. 5. God sent inspired prophets to men, of which the
greatest were: Adam, Moses, Jesus and, above all the others, Muhammad. 6.
In the afterlife there will be a final resurrection, judgment and heaven or hell for
every man.

7. WRITE YOUR FIRST HITS?

He united with the Arabs and in a short time they conquered Palestine and
Syria and the holy places of Christianity fell under the power of Islam. They
conquered one province after another of the Greco-Roman empire.

8. WHAT ALTERNATIVES DID THE CONQUERORS GIVE THE NATIONS?

 To choose between Islamism, tribute or death for those who resisted their
weapons.

9. NAME THE EASTERN COUNTRIES INVADED BY MUSLIMS?

The empire of the caliphs, and extended beyond Persia to India. Its capital was
in Baghdad, on the banks of the Tigris.

10. WHAT WESTERN COUNTRIES DID THEY CONQUER?

Egypt, all of North Africa and most of Spain.

11. IN WHAT PLACE AND TIME AND WHICH BOSS PREVENTED YOUR
PROGRESS?

In Western Europe Carlos Martel contained his progress to the south of France.
He united the discordant tribes under the leadership of the Franks and won a
decisive victory at Tours, 732 AD Had it not been the battle of Tours, it is
probable that all of Europe would have become a Mohammedan continent and
the crescent would have taken the place of the cross.

12. WHAT WERE THE ELEMENTS OF POWER THAT MADE THE MUSLIM
RELIGION SUCCESSFUL?

The early believers of Muhammad were the fierce Arab warriors, never
conquered by any foreign enemy and who followed their prophet with a sincere
and intense faith that conquered all. They believed they were executing God's
will and that their destiny was to triumph. Anyone who fell in battle with the
unbelievers was destined to immediately enter heaven or sensual delight.

13. WHAT WAS THE CONDITION OF THE EASTERN WORLD?

 That his people had lost their vigor, they preferred to surrender than take the
sword and pay tribute instead of defending their freedom. Much of the
population of the Greek empire were monks, ready to pray but not to fight.

14. INDICATE SOME GOOD ELEMENTS OF THE MUSLIM RELIGION?

One was its simplicity of doctrine. He believed in a God whom every man must
obey unconditionally. He had no system of theology. Intricate and mysterious
that gave rise to endless and useless controversies. No erudition was needed to
understand the articles of the Mohammedan faith.

15. WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARDS INBOXING DRINKS?

They wanted to bring every soul to God and in the Muslim world there is the rule
of abstinence from intoxicating drinks.

16. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE MUSLIM RELIGION?

His first evil to humanity, his method of missionary effort through the sword,
promoting hatred among men instead of love. Wherever a city resisted his
conquest, its men died, its women were taken to the harems of the victorious,
and children were educated in the Islamic faith.

51

SECOND PART
 CHAPTER #22

1. How long was early Christianity a missionary institution?

For a thousand years.

2. What was their condition during much of the Medieval period?

In which church and state, pope and emperor, were contending for supreme
dominion, and the missionary spirit waned, though it was never completely lost.

3. Who were the first missionaries after the Reformation?

Hans Egi by Guillermo Carey.

4. What church started the Protestant missions?

The Baptist church and the modern church.

5. Who founded the modern English missions?

Guillermo Carey

6. Narrate your life.

He worked as a shoemaker, was self-taught and became a Baptist minister in

1789. Faced with strong opposition, he began to insist on sending missionaries
 to the pagan world. A sernos that he preached in 1792, under two titles;
undertake great things for God, and expect great things from God, led to the
organization of the Baptist missionary society and the sending of Carey to India.
He died in 1834, revered throughout the world as the father of a great
missionary movement.

7. What was the meeting at the hay stack?

It was a group of students who gathered to pray on the topic of missions.

8. What came of this?

The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, which at first was
interdenominational, but as other churches formed their own societies, soon
became the enterprise of the Congregational churches.

9. Name five leaders of the modern church?

Ricardo Hooker, Tomas Cartwright, Jonatán Edwards, Juan Wesley, Juan

Enrique Newman, Guillermo Carey.

12. What enemy in Eastern Europe and Asia does the church face and does it
face?

communism

CHAPTER #23

1. What was the first church on American soil?

 The Roman Catholic.

2. For what reason?

As in Spain, Portugal and France, Roman Catholic nations, they carried out the
first expeditions to the New World, in order to discover, conquer and colonize,
the first church established on the Western Continent, both in South America
and North America.

3. What two countries did its members come from?

France and Spain.

4. What was the religious condition and outlook of the continent around 1750?

It was under French influence; Spain ruled the Southwest, and over both
positions the Roman Catholic church was supreme, while only a narrow strip of
the Atlantic coast was Protestant under the Protestant colonies.

5. What colony established this church?

The English colonies on the Atlantic coast.

6. How did the church receive its increase?

With a stream of emigrants from Europe.

7. How is it organized?

Under papal rule.

8. Are there many members?

Yes, there are about forty-six million, about a third of the number of
communicants in all the Protestant churches combined.

9. What was the first Protestant church on this continent?

The Church of England.

12. Who were your first bishops?

The Reverend Samuel Seabury, William White and Samuel Provoost.

13. Is it big now?

It has a membership of almost three and a half million.

14. What is your form of organization?

It recognizes three orders of ministry: bishops, priests, and deacons,

and accepts most of the thirty-nine articles of the Church of England, modified
to suit the American form of government.
 18. What are your doctrines?

They were Calvinists in their creeds, accepting the Westminster confession, the
relations of these bodies were friendly.

19. What is your current membership?

Around two million members.

20. Where did the Reformed church emerge?

In New York, in 1614.

21. What was his name?

The Dutch Reformed Protestant Church.

22. In which colony did you settle?

In northern New Jersey and on both sides of the Hudson River to Albany.

28. How many Baptist denominations are there in the United States?
Ten denominations.

29. How many are there in number?

It amounts to more than twenty million members.

38. Who was its founder?

George Fox in England, beginning around 1647.

39. What were his teachings?

That baptism and communion should be spiritual and not formal; that the body
of believers was to have no priest or paid minister, but any worshiper was to
speak according to the inspiration of the Spirit of God, who is the inner Light
and guide of all true believers; and that in the gifts of the Spirit and government
of society, men and women should have the same privileges.

44. What is your current membership?

It is not known.

CHAPTER #24
1. How did the Lutheran churches originate?

After the Reformation under Martin Luther.

2. Where did they first appear in the United States?

In New Amsterdam.

7. What are your beliefs?

They all accept the Augsburg confession, and that baptism and the Lord's
Supper are not only reminders but are means of Divine grace.

8. What three countries did they come from?

Scotland, Ireland and England.

10. Where did they first settle in America?

Snow Hill, Maryland, in 1648.

11. Who was their leader?

Francis Makemie, of Ireland in 1705.

 14. How many branches do they cover?

There are several branches, with more than four and a half million members.

15. What are its doctrines and organization?

All substantially adhere to the Calvinist doctrines as set forth in the Westminster
Confession of Faith and the Larger and Shorter Catechism.

16. What two places and leaders are mentioned in the beginnings of
Methodism in America?

Felipe Embury in New York and Roberto Strawbridge in Frederick County,

Maryland.

17. Who were the first missionaries in this country?

Ricardo Boadman and Tomas Pilmoor.

18. Who was the most prominent of its early leaders?

Francis Asbury, in 1771.

 19. When and how was the church organized?

On Christmas 1784, at a conference of Methodist ministers in Baltimore, the

Methodist Episcopal church was organized.

20. How many branches are there in this church?

There are two: the Methodist Episcopal Church South and the Methodist
Protestant church.

21. Is it big?

Yes, it has a membership of approximately eleven million in the United States.

22. What are your doctrines?

They are firmly Arminian, or free will, in opposition to the Calvinist doctrine of
predestination and emphasizing the believer's personal awareness of salvation.

28. What church has two names?

The Disciples of Christ.

30. Who founded this church?

The Reverend Borton W. Stone and Alejandro Campell.

36. How did they emerge in the United States?

They emerged as a school of thought in New England churches.

38. What is your number of members?

One hundred sixty-seven thousand people.

42. What are your ideas?

It is a system of healing illness of the mind and body, which teaches that all
cause and effect is mental and that sin, illness and death will be destroyed by a
thorough understanding of the Divine principle of Jesus in teaching and healing.

43. Why can't you know how many members you currently have?

Because the church prohibits counting people and reporting such statistics for
publication.

CHAPTER #25
1. How far did Rome's power extend in the seventeenth century?

To India and the Moluccas, to China and Japan, to Brazil and Paraguay.

2. Who made this possible?

Missionaries belonging to the Society of Jesus.

3. Who else did this society gain for Catholicism?

To the Indians of the Huron Tribe.

4. Where did these Indians live?

In the province of Ontario, Canada.

5. In what year did Jean de Brebeuf found his mission?

In 1626.
6. Where?

On the forested shores of Georgian Bay.

7. Which denomination first established a church in Canada?

Catholics.

8. In which province did the Roman Catholic church exert the most powerful
influence?

In Quebec.

12. What other name is given to the Church of England?

Anglican church.

18. Name the five divisions of Presbyterians in Canada?

1) Presbyterianism had its Church of Scotland in Canada.

2) His Free Church Synod.

3) His Lower Provinces Presbyterian Church.

4) Your United Presbyterian church.

5) And his Presbyterian church in Canada.

22. How many members do you have?

Three million seven hundred thousand members.