VR6 engine

Top view diagram of a VR6 engine at 15º.

The VR6 engine is an engine arrangement , which consists

of six cylinders at a narrower angle than usual. It was
developed by the Volkswagen Group in the late 1980s, and
remains in production today.
It is similar to a V engine , but with the two banks squared
Top view of a schematic showing the differences between the
and arranged next to each other at an angle of 10.6º or 15°, configurations.
instead of the more common 45°, 60°, or 90° found in Left: an inline engine , center: a conventional V6 engine tional, and
conventional V-engines. on the right: a VR6 engine.
Note that the V6 engine requires two cylinder heads. radas, while the
VR6 needs only one, as in the inline engine.

1 Description
conventional V6 engine can of requiring lengthening the
vehicles to make room for the new, wider engine. The
VR6 can use the order of in ignition of a 6-cylinder inline
engine, resulting in equally smooth operation.
The narrow angle between the cylinders allows the use of
only one bank of cylinders and only one cylinder head ,
while conventional V-engines require two banks of
cylinders and two separate cylinder heads. Use only one
butt Cylinder configuration allows the use of two
overhead camshafts (instead of four) to control all valves.
vulas. This simplifies engine construction and reduces
costs. In the early 12-valve VR6 engines there were two
overhead camshafts with six cams each. The front
Three types of configurations : a : in-line motor , b : “V” motor , c :
camshaft had three cams ad mission and three exhaust to
VR motor.
control the three front cylinders. The rear camshaft was
designed the same, but controlled all three cylinders.
The name VR6 is derived from the combination of V -
many. The principle of operation is similar to the single
engine and the German word “Reihenmotor” (meaning in-
overhead camshaft design. Later 24-valve VR6 engines
line engine ).
maintain the double overhead camshaft, but now with 12
The configuration can also be described as “staggered six cams each. Without em However, the operation of the
cylinders”, in keeping with the four staggered cylinder camshafts in 24-valve engines is different from that of the
geometry of the Lancia Fulvia , which was developed in first 12-valve engines, one camshaft operates only the
the late 1950s (a continuation of Lancia design practice throttle valves. pe and the other, only the admission ones.
dating back to the 1950s). twenty). Stepped engines are This principle is most similar to that of the double
conducive to improving their design, with an odd number overhead camshaft design.
of cylinders and with configured tions in staggered V.
There are different variants of the VR6 engine. The
The VR6 was specifically designed for ins engines original VR6 engine displaced 2.8 liters and had a 12-
transversely felled in front-wheel drive cars. Using a valve design (two per cylinder). These engines delivered a
narrow 15° angle between the 'banks' in a VR6, it is power output of 128 kW (174 HP), and a torque of 240
possible to install a 6-cylinder engine in the 4-cylinder Nm (24.4 kgm).
engine bay of existing Volkswagen Group cars. A

1
2 2 DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS

2 Detailed specifications sion and 34.3 mm for the exhaust. Because the two “fi The
pistons and cylinders share a single cylinder head and a
single gasket , the piston head is tilted. nothing. Because
of this, the piston wall has a variable height, which
produces uneven thermal stress, and a heavier piston. The
intake and exhaust valves need different camshafts to vary
the valve crossover (which can be coaxial, as in some 90°
V8s). To minimize the number of camshafts, both rows of
cylinders share their camshafts. Due to the geometry, the
valve halves are very long, which can be a problem at
high rpm , when used in racing engines. intake ports sion
and exhaust pass very close to the cylinder heads; This
heats the incoming air/fuel mixture even It must be ignited
by the spark plug , which has the effect of reducing power.
This also cools the exhaust gases. cape, which makes it
difficult for the catalytic converter to operate. In
production engines for street cars , a single exhaust
manifold is used, and therefore, half of the ducts are very
long, increasing the heat inside the manifold, making it
necessary to be heavier, also doing so with the manifold.
of admission. Because the field of the cylinders is very
reduced (compared to the 6-cylinder inline), the flames
Longer pipes are formed by ducts with a rectangular
section instead of the more desirable elliptical or half-
moon one. On street cars, the intake and exhaust ports are
usually curved, and the different lengths can be easily
compensated for.
Due to the cylinder arrangement in the VR6, with two
rows of combustion chambers in the same cylinder head,
Schematic diagram of the “V” angle between cylinders, of a VR6 the intake ducts in the two rows of cylinders are of
engine. different lengths. Depending on the specific generation of
Note the double overhead camshaft design. However, the diagram the VR6, this difference in length is compensated in the
does not show the different length of the camshafts. intake manifold , with the valve crossover , with the cam
profile, or with a combination. tion of these. In the
The original VR6 engine has a crankcase and ci blocks original VR6, each duct is 420 mm long. The exhaust
one-piece gray cast iron cylinders, and a lightweight gases are evacuated through a three-arm cast iron exhaust
aluminum alloy cross-flow cylinder head , with two valves manifold (one dedicated to three cylinders) inside a
per cylinder, ope radated by overhead camshafts
commanded by ca denas. Fuel and ignition are controlled
by a Bosch Motronic engine control unit (ECU). This
engine control system uses an air flow sensor, dual knock
sensor pa It regulates the ignition of the cylinders and a
Lambda probe to regulate the air/fuel mixture. The GA
The exhaust is channeled through a three-way catalytic
converter .
The Volkswagen Group identifies the original VR6 with
the code I say “AAA”. This operates in a four-stroke cycle
, has a displacement of 2.8 liters , although some
European engines displace 2.9 liters (this variant is
identified with the code “ABV”). The diameter of the
cylinders is 81.0 millimeters , and the piston stroke is 90.0
mm. The angle between benches is 15°, and the ratio of
com pressure is 10:1.
The forged steel crankshaft has six journals for the
connecting rods and rests on seven benches. . Two
overhead camshafts operate hydraulic lifters which, in
turn, open and close the valves, 39 mm the intake valves.
 3

conventional.
The center line of the cylinders is offset from the line
crankshaft center line 12.5 mm. To accommodate the ci
offset edges and the narrow “V” design, the mu
connecting rods are offset 22º from each other. This also
allows a firing interval between ci 120° edges. The firing
order is 1-5-3-6-2-4.

3 History and evolution

Y-shaped duct. From this intermediate shaft. An oil
Diagram showing the differences in fire lengths flush between the V6
point on, the ga These are pressure control valve is
and the 12-valve VR6

Diagram showing the differences in fire lengths flush between the V6 A 2.9- litre VR6 European 'ABV' in a Volkswagen Corrado .
and the 24-valve VR6
conducted through a simple integrated into the pump.
duct to the catalytic The one-piece cylinder
converter , after passing block and crankcase is
through the Lamb probe. made cast from pearlitic
gives . gray cast iron with
The fuel injectors , operated microalloyed steel. The two
by the Bosch Motronic banks of three cylinders are
engine control unit (ECU), arranged in an angle of 15º
are mounted behind the with respect to the
elbow of the intake crankshaft . The cylinder
manifold. In addition to liners have a diameter of 81
being the optimal place for mm, with 65 mm of space
injection tion of fuel, this between cylinders. They are
place also protects the in staggered, but overlap two
injectors from a frontal along the engine block,
crash. [ citation needed ] The allowing the engine to be
water pump housing is shorter and more compact
integrated into the cylinder than a V6 engine. The
block. The VR6 engine also Volkswagen Group 's VR6
uses an auxiliary electric engine was introduced in
pump to circulate engine Europe by Volkswagen
coolant while the engine is automobiles in 1991, in the
running. It is running, in Passat and Corrado ; and in
addition to the main pump North America the
driven by a belt. following year. The Passat,
A replaceable oil filter is Passat Variant ( station
used. The oil pump is wagon ), and the state-
mounted in the crankcase owned Corrado Nidense
and is driven by an used the original 2.8 liter
design; the run European
4 4 USES

car and the four-wheel drive with the Passat in 1997, and
Passat Syncro was equipped in the Golf and Bora in
with the 2.9 liter version 1999.
with 140 kW (190 HP). In 1999 the VW Group
This version also had a 6 added modifications to the
cm free-flow catalytic design, with the
converter , thinner camshaft introduction of the 2.8-litre
, regulated 4 bar fuel multi-valve (24 valve) VR6.
pressure gauge and enlarged This engine delivers 150
intake manifold. kW (201 hp) and 265 Nm
The 2.9 liter engine, like the (27 kgm) of torque. The
one destined for the new version was not
Corrado, is It was originally available in the Passat (it
equipped with a long range was incompatible with the
collector. riable, called VSR installation scheme used by
(German: “Variables the generation of engines at
SaugRohr”), and that time), but was
manufactured by introduced in the highest
Pieronberg for Volkswagen range of the Golf and the
Motorsport . This gave Bora in the European
greater torque at low revs, market. The VR6 name was
but was eliminated due to dropped as a marketing
costs, and instead offered designation, [ citation needed ]
with mo an optional. This and the 4WD system (now
design was later sold to called 4motion ) became es
Schrick , who redesigned it standard on the V6 (VR6)
and offered it as the Schrick in Europe. The
VGI (“Variable Geometry corresponding multi-valve
Intake”). Variable triad). V5 was only released in
In 1992, with the 2001, with power increased
introduction of the by 20 hp to 125 kW (170
Volkswagen Golf Mk3 , a hp). The multi-valve V6
six-cylinder engine was (VR6) was introduced in
available for the first time North America in 2001
in a small-medium segment aboard the T4 Eurovan ,
car in Europe. In North producing with 150 kW
America it was not (201 hp), and the GTI in
introduced until 1994; By 2002 (where it retained the
that time, the European VR6 name).
model began using the 2.9 In 1999, the VW Group
liter in the VR6 Syncro also launched an updated
model. The corresponding version 12-valve VR6
Vento/Jetta VR6 versions launch for the North
appeared the same year. American market ricano for
The Volkswagen Group the platform-based product
removed one cylinder from line ma A4: Golf Mk4 , GTI
the VR6 in 1997 to create and Jetta . This new VR6
the VR5 (or simply 'V5'), improved performance with
the first block to use an odd an updated camshaft ,
number of cylinders in a V- variable length intake
design (other than the triple manifold and 10.5:1
Honda V3 of MotoGP compression, and improved
fame). This version, with a emissions equipment.
displacement of 2.3 liters, Power was increased to 130
delivered 110 kW (148 hp) kW (177 hp) at 5,800
and a maximum torque of revolutions per minute
210 Nm. It was introduced (rpm), while torque was
increased to 245 Nm (25
 5

kgm) at 3,200 rpm. It was FSI type. This new VR6 3.2
available from 1999 until FSI develops 184 kW (250
2002, when it was replaced hp) at 6,250 rpm, and 330
by the 24-valve engine. Nm (33.6 kgm) at 3,000
In 2001 the VR6 was rpm. [1] The introduction of
expanded to 3.2 liters for to the Passat VR6 was also the
create a limited high- first time that a VR6-
performance version (168 powered vehicle was
kW or 225hp) for the New available in North America
Beetle called Beetle RSi. before Europe.
The Beetle RSi was the first The new Passat R36 ,
production vehicle to use available from early 2008,
the 3.2 -liter VR6. [ citation received an updated version
needed ]
This engine was later of the VR6 3.6 FSI engine,
go used in the Mk4 Golf with 221 kW (300 hp) at
R32 , and also fitted the 6,600 rpm 350 Nm at 2,400
original Audi TT . rpm, standard 4motion four-
According to the wheel drive, and Direct
Volkswagen Group, this Standard Shift Gearbox
will riante produced 184 (DSG). [2]
kW (250 hp) and 320 Nm
(32.5 kgm) of torque in the
TT configuration, and 177 4 Applications
kW (241 hp) in the R32.
Although it was classified
with the same po While the 4.1 VR6
European version, the North
American version of the The VR6 engine was used
R32 incorporated the larger by Volkswagen in:
air mass sensor of the Audi
TT (76 mm diameter, • Volkswagen Golf
against 70 mm), and a Mk3
different air box, which
gave the same power as the • Volkswagen Golf
Audi, 184 kW (250 hp). Mk4
The 3.2 liter was used in the • Volkswagen Golf
top of the range in the Mk5
original Audi A3 and TT.
The VR6 3.2 continued in • Volkswagen Passat
(B3, B4 and B6 chassis)
use in the R32 and the
facelifted Mk5 Golf R32 . • Volkswagen
In 2005, the European Vento/Volkswagen Jetta
version of the sixth Mk3
generation of the
Volkswagen Passat, now • Volkswagen
Bora/Volkswagen Jetta
with a transverse engine
Mk4
salt, went on sale with a
revised version of the 3.2L • Volkswagen New
VR6 as its largest engine. Beetle
For the northern market
American, the Passat • Volkswagen Corrado
received a new 3.6 L VR6
with a narrower angle of • Volkswagen Phaeton
10.6 degrees, producing 206
kW (280 hp). These 3.2 and • Volkswagen
3.6 versions incorporate Transporter/Caravelle/
Multivan T4 and T5
direct fuel injection of the
6 4 USES

• Volkswagen Sharan / • Volkswagen New

SEAT Alhambra Beetle

The VR6 was also used in • SEAT Toledo Mk2

other Volkswagen Group 8 External links
products:
• Volkswagen Group
• Audi A3 Mk2 website

• Volkswagen VR6 and

• Audi TT , both W engines
generations
• VDO Sensors for
• SEAT Leon Engine Management (
—PDF ) — shows
• Škoda Superb (B6,
data from various VW
3T)
engines
4.2 VR5
• This work derives
The VR5 was used by the from the translation of
following Volkswagen the VR6 engine of the
Group vehicles: English Wikipedia,
published by its
editors. tors under the
• Volkswagen Golf GNU Free
Mk4
Documentation
License and the
• Volkswagen Bora
Creative Commons
• Volkswagen Passat Attribution-
(B5) ShareAlike 3.0
Unported License .

5 Other applications of technology

“VR” guide
The Volkswagen group has developed a series of
motorcycles res that use 'narrow angle' designs coupled at
a 72 degree angle. For example, two ima motors VR6
generators are coupled at an angle of 72 degrees resulting
in a W-12 configuration, which is very shorter than a
conventional V12 engine, being barely wider. The W8 and
W16 designs developed with a similar shape. The W8
uses what would be two mo four-cylinder VR engines,
and the W16 uses two banks of eight cylinders, each in
VR arrangement.
Although the Volkswagen Group describes these mo For
compound engines such as W configuration , it is more
correct to call them stepped-bank V-motors, [ citation needed ]
in line with the stepped-line VR geometry.

6 See also
• online engine

• V engine
 7

• W engine

7 References
[1] « The Passat (sales brochure) - 3.2 FSI VR6 » (— PDF ).
Volkswagen Group United Kingdom Limited pp. pages
14,18,24. Volkswagen.co.uk (1 December 2008). Consul
dated July 31, 2009.

[2] « The Passat (sales brochure) - 3.6 FSI VR6 » (— PDF ).

Volkswagen Group United Kingdom Limited pp. pages
11,12,14,19,24. Volkswagen.co.uk (1 December 2008).
Consulted on July 31, 2009.
 9 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

9 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1 text
• VR6 Engine Source: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_VR6?oldid=73656552 Collaborators: Lourdes Cardenal, Triku, Gaijin, CEM-bot,
Arcibel, CommonsDelinker, Biasoli, Muro Bot, Adrián Hermida, Piero71, Leonpolanco , Takashi kurita, LucienBOT, Louperibot, Luckas-bot,
Xqbot, ZéroBot, Grillitus, ChayitaBOT, Acratta, Tsunderebot, Addbot and Anonymous: 8

9.2 Images
• File:2.9VR6_140kW_ABV_Corrado.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/2.9VR6_140kW_ABV_ Corrado.jpg
License: ? Contributors: Uploaded by its author to the German Wikipedia as Vr6.jpg Original artist: A.Weber (Andy-
Corrado/corradofreunde.de)
• File:Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/
Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/
wiki/File:Commons-emblem-issue.svg' class='image'>< img alt='Commons-emblem-issue.svg' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/25px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg .png' width='25' height='25'
srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons- emblem- issue.svg/38px- Commons- emblem- issue. svg.png
1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/50px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png 2x' data-
file-width ='48' data-file-height='48' /></a> + <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book.svg' class='image'><img alt
='Question book.svg' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/25px-Question_book.svg.png'
width='25' height='20' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/38px-Question_book.svg. png
1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/50px-Question_book.svg.png 2x' data-file- width='252' data-
file-height= '199' /></a> Original artist: GNOME icon artists , Jorge 2701
• File:Klepbediening_VR6_24V.PNG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Klepbediening_VR6_24V. PNG License:
CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Transfered from nl.wikipedia
Original artist: Original uploader was Toffguy at nl.wikipedia

• File:Kleppen_VR6-motor_12V.PNG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Kleppen_VR6-motor_12V. PNG

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• File:L_V_VR6_engines.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/L_V_VR6_engines.svg License: CC- BY-3.0

Contributors: Own work Original artist: Azure.km
• File:Motor_VR6_a_15_grados.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Motor_VR6_a_15_grados.png License:
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9.3 Content license

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