231 Biology Paper One MS

Name…………………………………………… Admission No…………………………...
School…………………………………………... Candidates Signature…………………
Strea…………………………………………… Date …………………………………...
231/1
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
July 2023
2 Hours
KAMJET TRIAL EXAMINATIONS -2023

MARKING SCHEME
Instructions to candidates
a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper
d) This paper consists of 8 printed pages.
e) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are
printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
f) Candidates should answer the questions in English.
For Examiners use only.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Grand Total
This paper consists of 10 Printed pages.

Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the
Papers are printed as indicated and no questions are missing
1
Answer all questions
1. Define the term genetics (1 mark)
Study of inheritance and variations;
2. Name the most appropriate tool you would use to collect the following specimens.
a) Nile perch fingerlings (1 mark)
Fish net;
b) A spider (1 mark)
A pair of forceps;
3. Study the illustration below showing a leaf obtained from a terrestrial plant.
a) Name the type of habitat the plant grows in (1 mark)

Desert/semi desert/arid/semi arid/terrestrial habitat with low rainfall;
b) Highlight two modifications you expect to find in the stomata of the plant (2
marks)
Sunken stomata;
Fewer number of stomata;
Fewer stomata on the upper leaf surface/More stomata on the lower leaf surface;
4. The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the enzyme-controlled
reactions.
a) State what points X and Y represent (2 marks)

X : Maximum rate of reaction;
Y: Optimum temperature;
2
b) Account for the shape of the graph:
i. Between 0°C - 20°C (2 marks)
Rate of reaction increases rapidly; as enzyme molecules become more active;
ii. Between 40°C - 55°C (2 marks)
Rate of reaction decreases rapidly and comes to a stop; as enzyme molecules
become denatured;
c) Other than temperature, name any other one factor that affects the rate of
enzyme-controlled reactions (1 mark)
• Enzyme concentration;
• Substrate concentration;
• pH
• cofactors;
• coenzymes;
• enzyme inhibitors;
5. Distinguish between a niche and a habitat (2 marks)
A niche is the position and role of an organism in its habitat while a habitat is a
particular place with a specific set of conditions in which an organism lives;;
6. Form one students in Mwenje Secondary School carried out the experiment shown
below. Study it and use it to answer the questions that follow.
a) State the aim of the experiment (1 mark)

To investigate the gas produced during photosynthesis;
b) Name the gas being produced (1 mark)
Oxygen (gas);
c) Why was sodium hydrogen carbonate added during the experiment? (1 mark)
3
To increase the concentration of carbon (IV) oxide;
d) Explain why only submerged water plants are used instead of terrestrial plants in
the experiment. (2 marks)
• They are adapted to carrying out photosynthesis under low light
intensity;
• Are adapted to carrying out photosynthesis under low carbon (IV) oxide
concentration;
• Adapted to carrying out photosynthesis under low temperatures;
• Makes it easy to collect the gas produced during photosynthesis;
7. Highlight any two rules that zoologists will follow when assigning a newly
discovered arthropod a new name (2 marks)
• The organism must be assigned a latinized name;
• The Genus name must start in a capital letter while the species name is
written in small letters;
• If hand written the names must be separately underlined but in printed
works they must be italicized;
• The organism must be assigned a genus name and a species name;
8. a). State Mendel’s first law of inheritance (1 mark)
Inheritance of a characteristic is determined by a pair of factors of which only one
can be present in a gamete;
b). Define a codon (1 mark)
A set of three nitrogenous bases coding for a particular amino acid;
9. The diagram below shows a longitudinal section of a root apex. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.
a) Name the zones labelled A, B and C (3 marks)

A: Zone of cell division;
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B: Zone of cell elongation/Maturation;
C: Zone of cell differentiation;
b) State the function of part K (1 mark)
Protects the delicate apical meristems;
10. The table below shows the approximate concentrations of certain substances in
blood plasma, glomerular filtrate and urine. Study the table below an answer the
questions that follow.
Substance % in blood % in glomerular % in urine
plasma filtrate
Water 100 90 60
Proteins 6.5 0.0 0.0
Urea 0.03 0.03 1.8
Glucose 0.1 0.1 0.0
a) Why is the concentration of proteins in glomerular filtrate and urine zero? (1
mark)
They are too large to diffure out of the capillary walls during ultrafiltration;
b) By how many times is urea more concentrated in urine than in glomerular
filtrate (1 mark)
1.8/0.1= 60 times;
c) Explain why there is greater concentration of urea in urine than in glomerular
filtrate (1 mark)
There is selective reabsorption of water;
d) Explain why there is no glucose in urine (1 mark)
All glucose are selectively reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule;
11. Name any two tissues responsible for keeping non herbaceous plants upright (2
marks)
Sclerenchyma;
Collenchyma;
12. State three similarities between gill filaments and tracheoles in respect to their
functions (3 marks)
• Both have a large surface area;
• Both have thin epithelia;
• Both have moist surfaces;
13. Name two hormones that regulate blood sugar in mammals (2 marks)
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Glucagon;
Insulin;
14. a). Name three structures in the skin that helps the skin to carry out
thermoregulation (3 marks)
sweat glands;
blood vessels/Arterioles;
hair follicles/Erector pili muscles;
b). State one advantage which a constant body temperature gives mammals and
birds over the other animals (1 mark)
they are active at all times;
they can inhabit a wide variety of habitats;
15. The diagram below represents the pathways of water from the soil into the plant.
a) Name the structures labelled T and S (2 marks)

T: Xylem vessel
S: Endodermis;
b) Explain how uptake of mineral salts into R is affected by low temperatures (2
marks)
At low temperatures, the respiratory enzymes are less active; producing less
energy for active absorption of minerals salts;
16. a). What is natural selection? (1 mark)
Phenomenon where organisms with suitable characteristics are selected for by
nature to survive and pass on the traits to the future generations while the least
suited organisms die and do not pass on their traits to future generations;
b). State three evidences that support the theory of organic evolution (3 marks)
6
• Palaeontology/fossil records;
• Comparative embryology;
• Comparative anatomy;
• Comparative biogeography;
• Comparative cell serology;
• Comparative cell biology;
• Comparative anatomy;
17. Name the meristematic tissues responsible for:
a) Primary growth (1 mark)
Apical meristem;
b) Secondary growth (1 mark)
Cork cambium/Vascular cambium;
18. The diagram below is a simplified part of the nervous system. Use the diagram to
answer the following questions.
a) Name the nerve cells A and C (2 marks)

A: Sensory neurone;
B: Motor neurone;
b) A person with a spinal injury is unable to move part of the body below the injury
(2 marks)
Impulses from brain are blocked at the point of injury; hence impulse are not
transmitted to the effector/muscles to effect movement;
19. Define irritability (1 mark)
Ability of an organism to detect and respond to changes in the environment
appropriately;
20. a). Name the type of respiration that occurs in the mitochondrion (1 mark)
Aerobic respiration;
b). State two ways in which a mitochondrion is adapted to its function (2 marks)
7
Has inner membrane greatly folded into cristae to increase surface area for
respiratory reactions/respiration;
Has fluid filled matrix with enzymes to catalyze respiratory reactions;
21. Below are two illustrations of plant flowers obtained from different plant species.
a) Name the classes to which the two plant species belong.

A: Dicotyledonae;
B: Monocotyledonae;
b) Distinguish between the two plant species on the characteristics provided.
Character Species A Species B
Leaf venation Net veined Parallel veined;
Number of cotyledons Two One;
Root type Tap root Fibrous;
22. Illustration below is of a bone extracted from a mammal. Use it to answer the
questions that follow.
a) (i). Name the bone (1 mark)

Thoracic vertebra;
(ii). Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i) above (1 mark)
Capitular demi facets;
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Tubercular facets;
Long neural spine;
Short transverse processes;
b) State the role of facet P (1 mark)
Articulates with tubercle/tuberculum of the rib;
23. The diagram below illustrates an experimental set up that was used to investigate a
certain physiological process.
a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1 mark)

To investigate production of heat energy during anaerobic
respiration/fermentation;
b) State the observation made (1 mark)
A rise in thermometer readings;
c) Suggest a control for the experiment (1 mark)
Using boiled yeast;
24. a). State two requirements for active transport to occur (2 marks)
Energy;
Protein carriers;
b). State two roles of osmosis in plants (2 marks)
• Support in herbaceous plants;
• Opening and closing of the stomata;
• Cell to cell movement of water;
• Absorption of water from the soil into the roots;
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25. Using the table below, state three differences between mitosis and meiosis (3
marks)
Feature Mitosis Meiosis
Number of daughter 2 4;
cells
Number of nuclear 1 2;
divisions
Ploidy of daughter Diploid Haploid;
cells
26. What is meant by leaf phyllotaxy? (1 mark)
Arrangement pattern of leaves on twigs;
10

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Name…………………………………………… Admission No…………………………...

School…………………………………………... Candidates Signature…………………

Strea…………………………………………… Date …………………………………...

KAMJET TRIAL EXAMINATIONS -2023

For Examiners use only.

This paper consists of 10 Printed pages.

a) Name the type of habitat the plant grows in (1 mark)

a) State what points X and Y represent (2 marks)

a) State the aim of the experiment (1 mark)

a) Name the zones labelled A, B and C (3 marks)

a) Name the structures labelled T and S (2 marks)

a) Name the nerve cells A and C (2 marks)

a) Name the classes to which the two plant species belong.

a) (i). Name the bone (1 mark)

a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1 mark)

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