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✓ Mobile app development software that helps to make the application development process easier. It
provides various IDEs, code-free developments, templates, API, data synchronization, and analytics.
✓ Native mobile app development tools are especially recommended when someone wants to create an
app that is intended to work on only one platform. The following native application development
tools will help you to build mobile apps for Android and iOS platforms. This way, you can publish native
applications on their respective app stores.
✓ A native development tool is a software which allows developers to create applications for use in a
single particular system family, platform or device, like Android, iOS, or Windows.
✓ Native mobile app development tools can help you create specialized apps that operate with ease and
high quality, and can take advantage of all features on their designated platform.
✓ A native app is specially made and coded for a specific mobile platform in its native programming
language, these being:
• iOS (Objective-C or Swift)
• Android (Java or Kotlin)
• Windows Phone (C#)
There are different guidelines for each of these platforms and developers need to stick to them as they differ
in typography, graphic styles, gestures, visual effects, data entry and more.
Native Android App Development Tools
• You can develop native Android apps in the Java, Kotlin, Scala, and C++ programming languages. Google
provides you with advanced Android development tools, such as:
✓ Android SDK bundled with Android Studio, the official IDE Android
✓ Command line tools for Windows, Mac, and Linux
✓ Firebase, a comprehensive mobile development platform
✓ Android Jetpack, a collection of pre-made Android components
• Apart from Google’s in-house tools, there are also many third-party solutions you can use for Android
development. You can create Android apps on both PCs and Macs. When your native Android app is
done, you need to submit it to the Google Play app store where users can download or buy it.
1) Android Studio
Android Studio is an Android development Software built by Google. Its implementation editor is very
useful for Android developers. Android studio provides shortcuts for coding and designing and its layout
designer makes it very easy to use, which helps reduce time spent on coding. Android studio also
provides drag and drop features to design the layout of your projects. Not only fast, but it also offers
tools to develop apps for all types of Android mobile phones. This ensures that you build a highly
productive and efficient app to work on.
Website: www.developer.android.com/studio
2) IntelliJ IDEA is a native mobile application development tool that focuses on enhancing the
productivity of app developers. It is for the JVM language and helps developers in code completion,
static code analysis, refactoring, and self-managing all the tasks. It is a multi-platform IDE, making
it easier for you to develop native mobile apps on different platforms, such as Windows and macOS.
Also, it supports various languages, including Java, Kotlin, and Scala, that you can compile into the
JVM bytecode.
Android SDK ensures you build the best Android apps using IntelliJ IDEA. You can configure Android
SDK, which has a collection of tools and libraries. All these helps to provide a smooth process in
developing Android applications.
• Need to check the components, which are required to create applications, above the image has
selected Android Studio, Android SDK, Android Virtual Machine and performance(Intel chip).
• Need to specify the location of local machine path for Android studio and Android SDK, above the image
has taken default location of windows 8.1 x64 bit architecture.
• Need to specify the ram space for Android emulator by default it would take 512MB of local machine
RAM.
• At final stage, it would extract SDK packages into our local machine, it would take a while time to finish
the task and would take 2626MB of Hard disk space. After done all above steps perfectly, you must get
finish button and it going to be open android studio project with Welcome to android studio message
as shown above.
• You can start your application development by calling start a new android studio project. in a new
installation frame should ask Application name, package information and location of the project.
• After entered application name, it going to be called select the form factors your application runs on,
here need to specify Minimum SDK.
The next level of installation should contain selecting the activity to mobile, it specifies the default layout
for Applications. At the final stage it going to be open development tool to write the application code.
If your AVD is created successfully it means your environment is ready for Android application
development. If you like, you can close this window using top-right cross button. Better you re-start your
machine and once you are done with this last step, you are ready to proceed for your first Android
example but before that we will see few more important concepts related to Android Application
Development.
Hello Word Example
Before Writing a Hello word code, you must know about XML tags. To write hello word code, you should
redirect to App>res>layout>Activity_main.xml
To show hello word, we need to call text view with layout ( about text view and layout, you must take
references at Relative Layout and Text View ).
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity">
<TextView android:text="hello_world"
android:layout_width="550dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</RelativeLayout>
Need to run the program by clicking Run>Run App or else need to call shift+f10key. Finally, result should
be placed at Virtual devices as shown below.
✓ Xcode is Apple’s native integrated development environment (IDE) that is available to Apple users for
free. It serves as a one-stop solution for designing, developing, and publishing applications across
various Apple platforms, including iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, watchOS, and macOS.
✓ Furthermore, Xcode supports a wide range of programming languages, such as Swift, Objective-C,
Objective-C++, C, C++, Java, Python, and more.
✓ One of Xcode’s most significant roles is as the official tool for creating and submitting applications to
the Apple App Store. This means that any developer looking to publish an app on Apple’s platform
must use Xcode. The importance of Xcode in iOS app development lies in its role as the primary and
officially supported IDE for Apple’s ecosystem.
✓ It provides developers with the necessary tools and resources to create high-quality, native
applications that can reach millions of users through the App Store.
To get started with Xcode, you’ll need to install it, set up your development environment, and become
familiar with its features. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to do just that:
1. Basic Requirements:
Ensure that your Mac meets the basic requirements for running Xcode, which typically include:
2. Install Xcode:You can install Xcode from the Mac App Store or download it from the Apple Developer
website. Here are the steps:
• If you have an Apple Developer account, you can download Xcode from the Apple Developer
website.
• Go to the Apple Developer website (developer.apple.com) and sign in with your developer account.
• Navigate to the “Downloads” section and find Xcode. Download the latest version available.
Xcode’s Command Line Tools are essential for software development. Install theses tools by following
these steps:
• Open Xcode → Click on “File” in the menu bar and select “New” > “Project.”
• Choose a template that matches your project type, such as “iOS App,” “macOS App,” or others.
• Follow the wizard to configure your project settings, including its name, organization, and other
details.
• Xcode provides a user-friendly interface for coding, designing user interfaces, and testing your
app. Write your code using Swift, Objective-C, or other supported languages.
• Design your app’s user interface using Interface Builder or SwiftUI.
• Use Xcode’s debugging and testing tools to find and fix issues in your code.
• After writing code, you can build and run your app on the iOS Simulator or a physical device.
• Click the “Run” button (a play icon) in Xcode to compile and launch your app.
7. Learn and Explore:
• Xcode offers a wide range of features, including documentation, code snippets, and tutorials.
• Explore Xcode’s documentation and online resources to learn more about iOS/macOS
development.
Advantages of Xcode
• Integrated Development Environment (IDE): Xcode provides a comprehensive IDE that includes a
code editor, debugging tools, interface builder, and other development utilities in one package.
• Swift and Objective-C Support: Xcode supports multiple programming languages, including Swift
and Objective-C, which are the primary languages for iOS and macOS app development. Developers
have the flexibility to choose the language that best suits their project.
• Interface Builder: Xcode’s Interface Builder makes it easy to design user interfaces visually. You can
drag and drop UI elements, set constraints, and preview how your app will look on different Apple
devices.
• Performance Analysis: Xcode includes powerful performance analysis tools that help developers
identify bottlenecks, memory leaks, and other performance issues in their apps. This can lead to
improved app responsiveness and efficiency.
• iOS Simulator: Xcode provides an iOS Simulator that allows developers to test their apps on virtual
iOS devices. This is especially useful for testing on various screen sizes and device configurations
without needing physical hardware.
Disadvantages of Xcode
• Platform Limitation: Xcode is exclusive to macOS, which means you can only develop iOS, macOS,
watchOS, and tvOS apps on a Mac. This limitation can be a barrier for developers who prefer other
operating systems.
• Steep Learning Curve: While Xcode offers a wealth of features, it can be complex for beginners.
Learning to navigate its interface and mastering all its tools may take time and effort.
• Resource Intensive: Xcode can be resource-intensive, especially for larger projects. It requires a Mac
with a decent amount of RAM and storage space. This can be a drawback for developers with older or
less powerful Macs.
APP DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKS
What is a Mobile App Framework?
• Mobile App Development Framework is a library that offers the required fundamental structure to create
mobile applications for a specific environment.
• It is a software creation platform that includes tools and software, compilers, debugging tools, and
programming interfaces, among other things.
• In short, it acts as a layout to support mobile app development. There are various advantages of Mobile
App Development frameworks such as cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and many more. These frameworks
provide a structure for developers to follow, so they don’t have to start from scratch, saving time and
effort.
• Modern-day mobile app development frameworks provide several built-in benefits, like speed,
effectiveness, and a bug-free atmosphere. The framework uses pre-built elements, including compilers,
debugging tools, and toolkit, to display the application on the target device using the company’s code.
• Using the expertise of a reputable mobile app development company may help the firm create mobile
applications which are quick, reactive, and provide excellent user interactions.
• The use of mobile app development platforms speeds up and simplifies the app creation procedure.
Types of Mobile App Frameworks
OBJECTIVE-C OVERVIEW
Features of Objective-C
• Data hiding. The Objective-C programming language uses data hiding as its safety feature,
significantly protecting data from unwanted access. The data hiding safety feature aids in the
prevention of deliberate or accidental changes to the program and ensures that data access is
restricted.
• Encapsulation. With the encapsulation feature on Objective-C, programmers find it easier to
limit other users from having direct access to the state values of every object variable. This
Objective-C feature further makes it easy to hide data, adapt to new requirements, and flexibly
set variables as either write-only or read.
• Inheritance. As a user of Objective-C, you may want to create classes while having an existing
one. Besides creating classes, the inheritance feature enables you to reuse code, autonomously
prolong the original program using accessible classes and interfaces, and design a modification
while preserving the same features.
• Fast program. The wish of every software developer is to engage in coding without any
unnecessary delay from the programming software or language in use. With the fast program
feature of Objective-C, you can have this wish granted as the programming language's design
helps make programming more efficient and quicker.
• Polymorphism. The polymorphism feature of the Objective-C programming language enables
users to access different objects through the same interface. The polymorphism feature has two
types: static and dynamic.
Advantages of Objective-C
• Simple and efficient. The core grammar used to build the Objective-C language is fairly
straightforward to learn. The nature of Objective-C programming language makes it easy to
understand and facilitates a programmer's ability to rebuild or develop a new application. It’s
no wonder Objective-C is frequently used as an introductory language to teach programming to
students.
• An abundance of tools. Due to its over 30 years of use, Objective-C has a wealth of tools. These
include the Xcode and Cocoa framework provided by NeXT, third-party contributors, and Apple.
These numerous tools play a remarkable role in the smooth running of Apple's operating system
and in making developers feel more comfortable using it.
• Compatible with virtually any available version of iOS. Compared with Swift, which can only
work with iOS produced in recent times, the Objective-C programming language is more
compatible with nearly all versions of iOS. This compatibility is due to its long years of existence
and usage in producing many Apple applications.
• Ability to extend. The Objective-C programming language was designed so a program can be
extended quickly and easily. As a result, programmers can easily add new functions to existing
software with just a few alterations, if any.
• Function-rich libraries. Objective-C designers equipped the programming language with a
sizable collection of libraries with many built-in features that make programming simpler.
Opportunities are also made for programmers to develop their user -designed features and
include them in the library.
Disadvantages of Objective-C
• Time-consuming. Compared with modern programming languages like Swift, Objective -C takes
more time to program. The time-consuming factor of Objective-C code can, in turn, cost
programmers more and delay the launching of their software applications.
• Syntax is complicated and tedious. Compared to other modern programming languages like
Swift, whose syntax resembles plain modern English, Objective -C's syntax is more tedious and
difficult to write.
SWIFT OVERVIEW
• Swift is a programming language developed by Apple. It was first announced in 2014 and released
to the public in 2015.
• Swift is easy to read and write and more resilient to errors than other languages. It is an open -
source language and can be used on many different platforms. It is compatible with Objective -C
and can be used to develop software for iOS, macOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Linux.
Swift features
Swift, an advanced development on C-based codes, has some distinguishing features that make it
easier to read and write. A few of Swift's features include a powerful error handling system, generics
that are easy to use, a fast and concise iteration over a range of collections, a functional programming
pattern, tuples, multiple return values, and power flow control.
• Automatic memory management system. With Swift’s Automatic Reference Counting (ARC)
feature that automatically handles memory management, a programmer does not have to waste
time and effort thinking about the memory a project takes.
• Swift is easy to learn. Swift’s features make it one of the easiest codes to learn, even for people
without coding experience. Swift also has a playground where beginners can easily and
independently learn how to use Swift.
• Concise code syntax. Swift has a concise code syntax that enables developers to perform much
with few codes. It reduces the number of codes required for repetitive statements and string
manipulation.
• Swift is fast. Swift has an optimized compiler that generates faster code across the board and
relieves you of the burden and stress of bookkeeping.
• Safe programming language. The Swift programming language reduces the possibility of
making an error. Swift also eliminates tendencies of bugs by triggering a runtime crash that
compels programmers to fix the issue immediately.
Swift advantages
• Swift is fast. Swift's simple and direct syntax makes it over two times faster than Objective -C.
Unlike Objective-C, Swift has new features that enable coders to have a swift and seamless
coding experience.
• Swift has an Automatic Reference Counting feature. The ARC feature helps programmers
manage an app's memory usage, which protects programmers from wasting time.
• Swift's codes are easy to read and write. Swift algorithms are easy to read and write, similar
to Java, JavaScript, and other C languages. Swift is a modern programming language with a
relatively simplified and concise syntax.
• Swift has an open-source community. An open-source community is a community of people
who come together to build projects and share ideas about their common area of interest. Swift
has a publicly accessible open-source community where you can learn new ideas about Swift.
• Swift offers playgrounds. Swift has an interactive playgrounds application you can download
on your iPhone, iPad, or Mac to learn how to use the Swift algorithm and codes. Use these
playgrounds to accelerate your learning of Swift programming, even as a beginner.
• Swift is safe and less prone to error. Swift is designed in such a way that it eliminates classes
of unsafe code. It has a compiler feature that makes code writing safer and prevents a series of
runtime crashes in your apps.
Swift disadvantages
• The language is still new. Unlike Objective C, which has existed since the 1980s, Swift is a new
language created in 2014. Swift is a new programming language and undergoes frequent
updates, making it incompatible with previous iOS versions.
• Backward compatibility issues. Backward compatibility refers to a software feature that
allows new updates to work with interfaces and data from earlier system versions. Swift evolves,
making new versions of Swift incompatible with older versions of the iOS operating system.
Swift supports projects that run on iOS7 and macOS 10.9 or higher, thus driving developers who
need to maintain or build apps for older versions to use Objective -C.
• Interoperability with third-party tools and IDEs. Due to constant updates and Swift’s lack of
backward compatibility, finding third-party tools and Integrated Development Environment
(IDE) that communicate and function with Swift isn’t easy. You can, however, use IDEs like Atom,
App code, and Swift libraries for Swift.
Which to use?
• There are many reasons to choose Swift over Objective C. For starters, Swift is easier to read and
write than Objective-C. Swift also has a more concise syntax that makes it easier to understand
code at a glance.
• In addition, Swift is more type-safe than Objective-C, meaning that it is less likely to produce
unexpected results due to type mismatches. A type-safe option like Swift can make code more
reliable and easier to debug.
• Swift has better memory management features than Objective-C, which can help improve
performance. It uses lazy initialization, reducing memory usage since unused variables do not
initialize—making it faster, easier to read and write, and safer.
• Testing Libraries
Libraries save you time. They allow you to utilize commonly used functionalities without coding them from
the ground up. With the help of libraries like JUnit and PowerMock Mockito, you may write short bits of Java
code to test your Android applications. These are particularly useful for Test-Driven Development (TDD)
since creating tests before writing your application’s code causes development to speed up.
• Android SDK (Software Development Kit)
The SDK is a software development kit (SDK) that consists of everything you’ll need to develop your product,
including documentation, libraries, code samples, and procedures. The SDK also includes emulators for
Android, allowing you to test your code on an actual Android device.
• SQL: A database is a structured data collection that enables applications to save data in tables and retrieve
it as needed, depending on conditions. The final Java application development jigsaw component is
Structured Query Language (SQL). There are many versions of SQL, but the most frequently used on Android
devices is SQLite.
Role of Java in Android App Development
• Java plays an important role in development of Android applications because business logic is written
in Java. The role of Java in android development by taking a look at the features of Java which makes it
popular language for the Android development.
• Platform Independent : Java is platform independent, it means that Java code can run on any platform.
It doesn’t require the source code on that machine at which platform, where it will be executed. A class
file (.class file) can be executed on any platform i.e. Windows, Linux, Mac etc.
• Secure: It is secure because of using the classes and objects and does not support the pointer and any
other keyword to manage the memory manually which reduces the chances of unwanted interference
in the application. For memory management, it uses the Garbage Collector which remove the objects
which are not in use for a long time.
• Object-oriented: Java is an object-oriented language which is a big reason for using this language for
application development.
• Interface: We can say that it is a type of container which contains the abstract methods. It provides the
facility to use the methods which declaration is already done and we can use them according to our
need.
• Inheritance: Inheritance provides ease to the developer to develop the applications. By using
inheritance, you can use basic methods without defining it in the program by extending the class. It is
simple also because multiple inheritance is not allowed in Java which reduces the complexity.
• Multithreading: It allows you to do the tasks on multiple threads instead of a single thread which
reduce the chances of crash your app. If a single thread is there, then the load increases on that activity
and it results into crash of the app. It provides built-in class which facilitates us to work easily with
multiple threads named AsyncTask.
Many more reasons are there which makes Java important and mostly used. To develop Android
application, it plays a very important role. All basic concepts of Java are used in development. Use of
concepts of advance Java provides amazing features in our application.
You can Recently a new official language is declared named Kotlin which is also very much similar as
Java. To learn Kotlin also, you should have a sound knowledge of core Java. So, we have seen that
knowledge of Java is must of Android development and its role is indispensable in app development.
Getting started with creating Android applications
Step 1: Download Android Studio
To create applications, you’ll need a development environment. Google recommends using Android Studio as
an official IDE (Integrated Development Environment), making it a good choice.
It comes with a complete package of development tools, such as APK Analyzer, Visual Layout Editor, Fast
Emulator, Intelligent Code Editor, Real-time profiler, etc. Download Android Studio and your Android app
development toolbox is complete.
Step 2: Configure Android Studio
The installation process for Android Studio is straightforward. To begin, you may stick to the default settings —
customizations can be added later. It is crucial to note that Android Studio requires Java Development Kit. Open
JDK is significant to anyone who is just getting started. Install it from Oracle’s website if you do not already have
JDK on your laptop. Follow simple installation instructions if necessary.
Step 3: Launch new Android project
A project is a collection of everything you’ll need to get your Android app off the ground, up, and operating. A
project consists of your workspace, source code, assets, test code, and other related settings. An Android Studio
project is where all the action is. After completing your development process, all project materials are compiled
into an APK (Android Package Kit). Select your project name carefully since it will become the name that
appears in Google Play.
Step 4: Creating your Android app
You’ve completed all of the preliminary work to create your first Android app using Java, and you’re ready to
put everything together.