Ratio and Proportion

Ratio and Proportion
Theory
An equality of two ratios is called the proportion.
If a/b = c/d or a : b = c : d,
then we can say that a, b, c and d are in proportion and can be written as
a : b :: c : d,
Product of extremes=Product of means
 ad=bc
If a, b, c are in proportion ,then
𝑎 𝑏
=
𝑏 𝑐
Fourth, Third and Mean Proportional
If a : b = c : d, then:
 d is called the fourth proportional to a, b, c.
 c is called the third proportion to a and b.
 Mean proportional between a and b is √(ab).
1.Direct Proportion:
Two quantities are said to be directly proportional, if one
increases (or decreases), the other increases (or decreases) to
the same extent.
If “a” and “b” are two quantities, then the direction proportion is
written as a ∝ b.
Eg.
a) No. of articles and Cost
b) Interest and Number of years (In Simple interest)
2.Indirect Proportion or Inverse Proportion:
Two quantities are said to be indirectly proportional, if on the
increase of the one, the other decreases to the same extent
and vice-versa.
the inverse proportion of two quantities, say “a” and “b” is represented by
a∝(1/b).
Eg.
a) Time and Speed
b) Time and No. of people
Componendo and Dividendo
In the concept of Componendo,
if a : b : : c : d then (a + b) : b : : (c + d) : d.
In the Dividendo rule,
if a : b : : c : d then (a – b) : b : : (c – d) : d.
In the Componendo and Dividendo rule,
if a : b : : c : d then (a + b) : (a – b) : : (c + d) : (c – d).
Equivalence ratio Property
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐 2𝑎+3𝑐 𝑎𝑏+𝑐𝑑

 = = = =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏+𝑑 2𝑏+3𝑑 𝑏2 +𝑑 2
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 𝑎+𝑒 𝑎+𝑐 𝑐+𝑒 𝑎+𝑐+𝑒
 = = = = = =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 𝑏+𝑓 𝑏+𝑑 𝑑+𝑓 𝑏+𝑑+𝑓
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 𝑔 2𝑎+3𝑐+4𝑒+5𝑔 2𝑎−4𝑐−9𝑒+5𝑔
 = = = = =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 ℎ 2𝑏+3𝑑+4𝑓+5ℎ 2𝑏−4𝑑−9𝑓+5ℎ
Question
Find the greater ratio between 2 : 3 and 4 : 5.
Solution
Question
If 0.75: x :: 5:8, then x is equal to:

a) 1.20
b) 1.12
c) 1.02
d) 1.22
Solution
Question
If 76 is divided into four parts proportional to 7, 5, 3, 4
then the smallest part is:
a) 12
b) 15
c) 16
d) 19
Solution
Question
The third proportional to 9 and 12 is ?

What is the mean proportion of 125 and 5?
Solution
Question
A bag contains 50P, 25P and 10P coins in the ratio
5:9:4, amounting to ₹ 206. Find the number of coins of
each type respectively.
a) 360,160,200
b) 160,360,200
c) 200,360,160
d) 200,160,300
Solution
Ans:C
Let the number of coins be 5x, 9xand 4x respectively.
Value of the coins= ₹ 206.
=>(5x)(0.50)+(9x)(0.25)+(4x)(0.10)= 206
=>2.5x+2.25x+0.40x=206
=>5.15x=206
206 20600
=>x= = =40
5.15 515
5x=200
9x=360
4x=160
Question
Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more
than a third number. The ratio of the two numbers is:
a) 3:5
b) 4:5
c) 5:6
d) 2:3
Solution
Question
A sum of ₹ 312 was divided among 100 boys and girls
in such a way that the boy gets ₹ 3.60 and each girl ₹
2.40 the number of girls is
a) 30
b) 40
c) 50
d) 60
Solution
Question
1 2 3
If 782 be divided into 3 parts, proportional to : : , then
2 3 4
the first part is
a) 182
b) 190
c) 192
d) 204
Solution
Question
A mixture contains alcohol and water in the ratio 4 : 3. If
5 liters of water is added to the mixture, the ratio
becomes 4: 5. Find the quantity of alcohol in the given
mixture.
a) 10 lit
b) 12 lit
c) 8 lit
d) 14 lit
Solution
Question
In a zoo, there are rabbits and pigeons. If heads are
counted, there are 340 heads and if legs are counted
there are 1060 legs. How many pigeons are there?
a) 120
b) 150
c) 170
d) 180
Solution
Question
If 40% of a number is equal to two-third of another
number, what is the ratio of first number to the
second number?
a) 2:5
b) 3:5
c) 5:3
d) 7:3
Solution
Question
The salaries of A, B, and C are in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3. The
salary of B and C together is ₹ 6000. By what percent is
the salary of C more than that of A?
a) 100%
b) 200%
c) 300%
d) 600%
Solution
Question
Seats for Mathematics, Physics and Biology in a school are in
the ratio 5 : 7 : 8. There is a proposal to increase these seats by
40%, 50% and 75% respectively. What will be the ratio of
increased seats?
a) 2:3:4
b) 6:7:8
c) 6:8:9
d) None of these
Solution
Question
In a mixture 60 litres, the ratio of milk and water 2 : 1. If
this ratio is to be 1 : 2, then the quantity of water to be
further added is
a) 20
b) 30
c) 40
d) 60
Solution
Question
The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a college is

7 : 8. If the percentage increase in the number of boys
and girls be 20% and 10% respectively, what will be the
new ratio?
a) 8:9
b) 17:18
c) 21:22
d) None of these
Solution
Question
The sum of three numbers is 98. If the ratio of the first to
second is 2 :3 and that of the second to the third is 5 : 8,
then the second number is:
a) 20
b) 30
c) 48
d) 58
Solution
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Ratio and Proportion

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Ratio and Proportion

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Ratio and Proportion

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎+𝑐 2𝑎+3𝑐 𝑎𝑏+𝑐𝑑

If 0.75: x :: 5:8, then x is equal to:

The third proportional to 9 and 12 is ?

The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a college is

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