NSTP
NSTP
NSTP
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Understanding Unemployment
Benefits of Unemployment
4. Cylical Unemployment- This type of
unemployment is a result of recurring These are payments made by the state or other
depressions. It is traceable to cyclical authorized bodies to unemployed people. It
fluctuations in business activity. It is believed may be based on a compulsory pm-a-
to be essentially depression unemployment governmental insurance system. Depending on
although it may result in part from the failure the jurisdiction and the status of the person,
of our economy to provide a million or more those sums may be meager, covering only basic
new jobs necessary each year needs (th.us a form of basic welfare), or may
compensate the lost pay somewhat
proportionally to the previous earned salary.
to accommodate our growing labor force. This They often are part of a larger social security
type of unemployment causes wide-spread scheme. Unemployment benefits are generally
concern because prolonged depression and given only to those registering as unemployed;
idleness create personal disorganization and and often on conditions ensuring that they
desperation leading the citizens to accept or seek work and do not currently have a job, In
welcome radical social and political changes. some countries, a significant proportion of
Cyclical unemployment appears as an unemployment benefits are distributed by
accompaniment of the recession and trade/labor unions, an arrangement known as
depression phases of business cycles. These the Ghent system.
periods of reduced activity where cyclical
unemployment tend to disappear are followed
by stages of recovery and prosperity. Broom Establishing an Entitlement to Benefits
and Seimick (1971), however, feel that even
during periods of prosperity when To establish an entitlement to UI benefits an
unemployment is reduced to a relatively low individual must file an application for an initial
level, people who live in extreme poverty determination. If the state's qualifying
remain unemployed or work irregularly. They requirements have been met, an entitlement is
are therefore unlike those who become established specifying: the period during which
benefits may be drawn, the amount that can be The unemployment problem is of grave
received for a week of total unemployment, concern because of the resulting poverty that
and the total amount payable during the afflicts the people. Physical as well as mental
benefit period. Washington claimants do not weakness results from -malnutrition which
have to be unemployed to establish a potential appears to be related to poverty and is an
entitlement to benefits. accompanying syndrome of unemployment
affords, its morale destroying effect in the form
of hopelessness, family discord and the like,
Causes of Unemployment becomes inevitable. The contribution that
these unemployed People do far more than
Unemployment is caused by several factors one their share to the number of relief recipients, to
of which, from Adan's view point, is the crime and delinquency rates, to rates of
unintentional, of the countries in the third alcoholism, to the list of unmarried mothers
world by the more advanced and developed and thus to the number of illegitimate
countries. Leaders of the nation, however, have children, to separations, and to the mentally ill.
attributed the unemployment problem to the
runaway population so that widespread effort
has been address to control of the rate of General Principles of Unemployment
fertility,
Insurance
Measures to Control
GRAFT AND CORRUPTION
Solution to the Problem of Unemployment
By his fallen nature, man is morally weak. One
common weakness of man is the commission
of evil means to obtain things for his need and
for his family, means which appear to some
people as alright due to moral blindness or
weakness. This act is popularly called graft and
corruption as practiced in offices, or places of
work of public trust.
What is Graft?
Humphrey (1955) suggests that the problem of
unemployment should be approached from It is defined as the acquisition of goods,
the point of view of eliminating its causes money, position and other forms of profit by
rather than that of ameliorating its effects. dishonest or questionable means, oftentimes
Programs as relief through temporary public by the use of one’s office influence or position.
works, unemployment compensation, and the
like to help to make unemployment less It appears in the guise of being legal in the eyes
disastrous, but they actually do little to prevent of man, and this “legality” becomes the basis
unemployment. Prevention lies in programs of for its perpetrators to think that the act is
full employment at adequate wages which therefore allowable.
would allow workingmen to make adequate
purchases of the products of their labor.
What is corruption?
The Kabataang has Baraugay launched a
project intended to reduce the number of It is the inducement of an official or office
underemployment to a minimum. It is being personnel to join or to do an act of graft, the
done by training the out of-school youth in motivate of which is to have a share in the
different factories and after they have been “spoils” (the money or goods to be taken)
trained they are to be provided with jobs.
FORMS OF GRAFT AND CORRUPTION 3. Smuggling – secretly smuggling in of foreign
goods to avoid the payment of tariff to the
1. On money matters government.
a. Malversation of fund - disbursing
money for purposes other than the intended
one for which is appropriated; 4. Other forms
b. Bribery – such as paying trial court a. demanding a job applicant to promise the
judge in order to receive a favor in the case first salary in exchange for the job.
regardless of justice;
b. Demanding a failing student to pay an
c. Gift money to a public official for amount of money for a passing grade.
the award of a project;
1. Trading in influence
Conditions favorable for corruption
Trading in influence, or influence peddling in
certain countries, refers to the situation where It is argued that the following conditions are
a person is setting his/her influence over the favorable for corruption:
decision process involving a third party (person
or The difference with bribery is that this is a
trilateral relation. 1. Information deficits
Patronage refers to favoring supporters, for · Weak accounting practices, including lack
example with government employment. This of timely financial management.
may be legitimate, as when a newly elected
government changes the top officials in the
administration in order to effectively
2. Lacking control of the government
implement its policy. It can be seen as
corruption if this means that incompetent
· Democracy absent or dysfunctional. See campaigns with expenses exceeding normal
illiberal democracy. sources of political funding.
· Lacking civic society and non- · Less interaction with officials reduces the
governmental organizations which monitor the opportunities for corruption. For example,
government. using the Internet for sending in required
information, like applications and tax forms,
· An individual voter may have a rational and then processing this with automated
ignorance regarding politics, especially in computer systems. This may also speed up the
nationwide elections, since each vote has little processing and reduce unintentional human
weight. errors. See e-Government. Social conditions
· Weak civil service, and slow pace of · Self-interested closed cliques and "old boy
reform. networks".
· Sale of state-owned property and If the highest echelons of the governments also
privatization. take advantage from corruption or
embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is
· Poorly-paid government officials. sometimes referred with the neologism
kleptocracy. Members of the government can
· Government licenses needed to conduct take advantage of the natural resources (e.g.,
business, e.g., import licenses, and encourage diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or
bribing and kickbacks. state-owned productive industries. A number
of corrupt governments have enriched
· Long-time work in the same position may
themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent
create relationships inside and outside the
on showy buildings and armaments.
government which encourage and help conceal
corruption and favoritism. Rotating A corrupt dictatorship typically results in
government officials to different positions and many years of general hardship and suffering
geographic areas may help prevent this; Costly for the vast majority of citizens as civil society
and the rule of taw disintegrate. In addition,
corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic
WEEK 14
and social problems in their quest to amass ever To understand fully the lesson for today, read
more wealth and power-Fighting corruption the information comprehensively.
Mobile telecommunications and radio
broadcasting help to fight corruption, Development Progress: Environment Case
especially in developing regions like Africa, Studies
where other forms of communications are
limited. How are developing countries balancing
environmental concerns with the need for
In the 1990s, initiatives were taken at development?
international level (in particular by the
European Community, the Council of Four new case studies examine the progress
Europe, the OECD) to put a ban on being made in Brazil, Burkina Faso, China and
corruption: in 1996, the Committee of Viet Nam.
Ministers of the Council of Europe, for
Development Progress-Reducing poverty,
instance, adopted a comprehensive Programme
developing sustainability: food, water and
of Action against Corruption and,
energy trade- offs
subsequently, issued a series of anti-corruption
standard-setting instruments: Play Video
The Criminal Law Convention on Corruption We all depend on natural resources like
3. Enjoyment Motivation
4. Personal Participation
5. Social Interaction
Our subconscious mind resembling a fertile a. Winston Churchill the war time British
garden spot, in which weeds will grow in Prime Minister was following this principle.
abundance if you the seeds of more desirable He had his Imaginary Counseling Committee
crops are not sown therein. Auto-suggestion is by the side of his Chamber. Many great
the agency of control through which an decisions he used to take by following these
individual can voluntarily feed his principles.
subconscious mind on thoughts of creative/
positive nature or by neglect permit thoughts b. Mahatma Gandhi, I desire to acquire from
of a destructive nature to find their way into you the ideology of truth and Non-violence
the rich garden of mind. So Caution should be and devotion towards practicing these in every
taken while programming your mind for odd hours and to acquire the magnet
positive traits only. leadership to attract millions to join in the
peaceful struggle for freedom and Humanity.
1. Defensive Approach:
c. Mother Teresa, I desire to acquire from
One of this type of approach is protest or deny you the ability to provide relentless
the negative traits at its very beginning of the humanitarian services to the most
entering in the subconscious store. And the unprivileged, poor diseased and intense spirit
second is to consciously avoid this type of to serve the mankind despite all odds.
environment or situation. In real life situation
it is very difficult because it may lead to d. Mr. Abraham Lincoln, I desire to build
confrontation and argument or Inaction. into my own character the keen sense of
justice, the untiring spirit of patience, the sense
Another problem in this is that most of us have of humor, the human understanding, and the
some negative traits previously in our store tolerance which were your distinguishing
house due to our past experience and characteristics.
conditioning.
e. Albert Einstein, I wish to acquire from you
2. Imaginary Anchoring or Invisible the Scientific Bent, ever inquisitive mind, the
Counseling Committee: spirit to innovate and contribute to Humanity.
While watching a picture we anchor the Hero, f. Bill Gates, I wish to acquire from you the
placing ourselves in place of hero. Similarly, we Brilliant Intelligence, Innovation, Intense drive
can anchor Great men in imagination and let to succeed, persistence, personal intensity and
them shape our personality. conscientiousness dimensions
Caution should be taken while programming - Elbert Hubbard Society is not destroyed by
your mind for positive traits only. Because the activities of the rascals, but by the inactivity
these processes give results for negative traits of good people.
also. Mahatma Gandhi and Adolf Hitler both
successfully applied these principles, but one 2. Show consideration: Show consideration,
positively and other negatively. courtesy, politeness and caring.
Challenges abound,