MALNUTRITION OF THE CHILDRENIN BARANGAY BUTONG QUEZON BUKIDNON

A PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND

LITERATURE OF CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (GEC15)

Researchers;
Bacon,Archie
Bartolo,Jerry
Ebaoc,GraceLyn
Salan,Juliepearl Angela
Yadao,Remarc

December 3, 2023
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study……………………………………………………3-4

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………4

Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………….4

Significance of the Study……………………………………………………..5

Scope and Delimitation of the Study ……………………………………….5

Operational Definition of Terms………………………………………………6

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………………………...7-9

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study…………………………………………………………..10

Participants of the Study…………………………………………………….11

Research Instrument…………………………………………………………11

Research Design……………………………………………………………..11

Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………………………..11

Sampling Procedure……………………………………………………….…12

REFERENCES\
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Childhood malnutrition is a pressing global health issue that affects millions of

children around the world, especially in developing countries. It is a condition
characterized by inadequate or imbalanced nutrition, leading to stunted growth,
weakened immune systems, and a host of other health complications. Malnutrition in
children not only hinders their physical and cognitive development but also increases
their vulnerability to infectious diseases, posing a significant threat to their overall well-
being. Addressing this problem requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing
nutrition education, food security, healthcare access, and poverty alleviation efforts to
ensure that every child has the opportunity to thrive and lead a healthy life. This
introduction sets the stage for a deeper exploration of the causes, consequences, and
potential solutions to the critical issue of childhood malnutrition.

The health and nutrition of a child are fundamental cornerstones of their

development, shaping not only their early years but also their future. Children represent
the promise of a better tomorrow, and ensuring their well-being is a moral, social, and
economic imperative. In this essay, we will explore the critical significance of child
health and nutrition, examining the profound impact they have on physical growth,
cognitive development, educational attainment, and the long-term well-being of
individuals and societies.

Childhood is a period of rapid physical growth and development. Proper nutrition

during this time is essential for ensuring that children reach their full growth potential.
Inadequate nutrition, characterized by malnutrition or undernutrition, can lead to stunted
growth, wasting, and a host of health issues. Children who lack proper nutrition may
suffer from weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to diseases. For
children in their early years, a lack of adequate nutrition can have lifelong
consequences, as it hinders their ability to grow and thrive.

According to World Health Organization, WHO aims for a world free of all forms of
malnutrition, where all people achieve health and wellbeing. According to the 2016–
2025 nutrition strategy, WHO works with Member States and partners towards universal
access to effective nutrition interventions and to healthy diets from sustainable and
resilient food systems. WHO uses its convening power to help set, align and advocate
for priorities and policies that move nutrition forward globally; develops evidence-
informed guidance based on robust scientific and ethical frameworks; supports the
adoption of guidance and implementation of effective nutrition actions; and monitors and
evaluates policy and programme implementation and nutrition outcomes.
This work is framed by the Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal,
infant, and young child nutrition, adopted by Member States through a World Health
Assembly resolution in 2012. Actions to end malnutrition are also vital for achieving the
diet-related targets of the Global action plan for the prevention and control of
noncommunicable diseases 2013–2020, the Global strategy for women’s, children’s,
and adolescent’s health 2016–2030, and the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development.

Statement of the Problem

This study intends to find how relevant malnutrition is and how it affects the
health condition of the children living in barangay butong.

1. How relevant is the malnutrition of a Child in Barangay Butong?

2. What factors affects the health and Nutrition of a Child?

3. How is the condition of the childrens in Barangay Butong?

Objective of the Study

This study will assess the knowledge and attitude regarding malnutrition among
childrens in barangay butong who are malnurished.

1. To determine how relevant is the malnutrition of the children in Barangay Butong.

1.1. Every year increases

1.2. Every month increases

1.3. Every week increases

 2. To identify the factors that affects the Health and Nutrition of the children.

2.1. Foods

2.2. Financial

2.3. Lack of parental guidance

3. To cope up the condition of the children in Barangay Butong.

3.1. Normal

3.2. Overweight

3.3 underweight

Significance of the Study

The beneficiaries of this study is the children who lives in Butong Quezon
Bukidnon. Children are more vulnerable to the effects of malnutrition, and studying its
impact on them can help identify problems at an early stage, allowing for timely
intervention. Also Health worker can benefit the study. Health workers on the ground
can collect essential data related to malnutrition prevalence, dietary habits, and health
status, which is crucial for research and policy development. They can identify and refer
malnourished individuals, especially children, for timely intervention, ensuring that cases
are documented and studied. Most beneficiary of this research is the parents. Parents
can provide important data on their child's dietary habits, growth, and health, which
researchers can use to study malnutrition trends. Parents play a crucial role in
recognizing signs of malnutrition in their children and seeking timely medical assistance,
aiding in early diagnosis and intervention.

Scope and Delimitation of the study

The study will focus on Malnutrition of Children ages 0-5 years old, taking into
consideration the number of cases of childhood malnutrition in Barangay Butong. The
study will not encompass malnutrition resulting from specific health conditions or
diseases, focusing primarily on malnutrition due to dietary factors. This scope and
delimitation provide a clear outline of the parameters within which the research on child
malnutrition will be conducted, ensuring a focused and manageable study.

Operational Definition of Terms

These are the terms that are commonly used in this study in order to provide a better
understanding of the study .

The terms used are operational

Health - A state of complete well-being that includes social, mental, and physical
components is called health. It represents the best possible functioning of a person on
several levels and extends beyond the absence of a medical condition.

Nutrition - The process to provide or obtaining nourishment that is required for

development and health.

Food - Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body's
growth, maintenance, and energy needs.

Children - Children refer to young human beings in the early stages of life, typically from
birth to adolescence.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Valeria Dipasquale et,al (2020) Acute malnutrition is a nutritional

deficiency resulting from either inadequate energy or protein intake. Children with
primary acute malnutrition are common in developing countries as a result of
inadequate food supply caused by social, economic, and environmental factors.
Secondary acute malnutrition is usually due to an underlying disease causing abnormal
nutrient loss, increased energy expenditure, or decreased food intake. Acute
malnutrition leads to biochemical changes based on metabolic, hormonal, and
glucoregulatory mechanisms. Most children with primary acute malnutrition can be
managed at home with nutrition-specific interventions (i.e., counseling of parents,
ensuring household food security, etc.). In case of severe acute malnutrition and
complications, inpatient treatment is recommended. Secondary acute malnutrition
should be managed by treating the underlying cause.

According to Catherine Larson-Nath, Praveen Goday (2019) Malnutrition occurs when

nutrient intake does not meet the needs for normal body functions and as a
consequence leads to alterations of growth and development in children. Chronic illness
puts children at risk for developing malnutrition. Because of children's rapid periods of
growth and development, early diagnosis, prevention, and management of malnutrition
are paramount. The reasons for malnutrition in children with chronic disease are
multifactorial and are related to the underlying disease and non‐illness‐associated
factors. This review addresses the causes, evaluation, and management of malnutrition
in pediatric congenital heart disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, and cystic
fibrosis.

According to Om Raj Katoch (2022) Child undernutrition is a major public health

problem. Globally in 2020, 149 million children <5 y of age were estimated to be stunted
(too short for age), 45 million to be wasted (too thin for height), and 38.9 million were
overweight. The aim of this review was to examine previous studies to determine the
factors associated with malnutrition and contribute to the existing body of evidence
needed for the formulation of effective interventions.

According to Dilshad Ahmad (2022) the current era, malnutrition among children
considers main reason of morbidity and mortality in the world scenario while more
specifically in developing countries. Malnutrition in children severely affects their
physical growth and academic achievements. This study aimed to find out the effect of
socioeconomic factors on malnutrition, children aged under 5 years in Multan district of
Punjab province, Pakistan. The study used the data of 2497 children, obtained from
Multiple Integrated Cluster Survey 2018 and employed Binary logistic regression
approach for empirical estimation the effects of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition
among children. Empirical estimates of the study specified the prevalence of higher
frequency of stunting (18.58), wasting (28.43) and underweight (19.54) among children
particularly in rural areas of the study district Multan.

According to José Manuel Moreno Villares (2017) Malnutrition on admission is closely

related to a longer hospital stay and a higher morbidity. The prevalence of hospital
malnutrition has been reported as almost as high as 50%, with 6% being the lowest.
DHOSPE study investigates nutrition status in Spanish hospitals and its outcome during
the hospital stay. longitudinal, multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a
short follow-up period was conducted in 32 hospitals during 2011. A total of 991 patients
were included, with ages from 0 to 17 years. Each patient was measured at admission
(weight, length, weight for length -W/L-, length for age -L/A-), and at 7 and 14 days. The
STAMP nutritional screening tool was completed on admission. Anthropometric
measurements were reported as z-score, and nutrition status classified according to
W/L and L/A for acute and chronic malnutrition, respectively.

According to Olivier Mukuku (2019) The nutritional status is the best indicator of the
well-being of the child. Inadequate feeding practices are the main factors that affect
physical growth and mental development. The aim of this study was to develop a
predictive score of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children under 5 years of age.
Methods. It was a case-control study. The case group (n = 263) consisted of children
aged 6 to 59 months admitted to hospital for SAM that was defined by a z-score
weight/height < −3 SD or presence of edema of malnutrition. We performed a univariate
and multivariate analysis. Discrimination score was assessed using the ROC curve and
the calibration of the score by Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Results. Low birth weight,
history of recurrent or chronic diarrhea, daily meal’s number less than 3, age of
breastfeeding’s cessation less than 6 months, age of introduction of complementary
diets less than 6 months, maternal age below 25 years, parity less than 5, family history
of malnutrition, and number of children under 5 over 2 were predictive factors of SAM.

According to Ratib Mawa, Stephen Lawoko (2018) Malnutrition remains a major cause
of morbidity and mortality among children under five years especially in developing
countries. The high burden of wasting and stunting among children under five years of
age is of great concern to policy makers and public health practitioners in Uganda.
Prevention and treatment of malnutrition is a priority in the United Nations 2030
development agenda. This study investigated the risk factors for wasting and stunting
among children aged 6-59 months in the general population in Uganda. Secondary data
from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey was utilised. A sample of 2214
children was studied. Bivariate analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression
was used to determine the association between risk factors and childhood wasting and
stunting.

Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi et, al (2019) state that Malnutrition is one of the common
problems that afflict the poor in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda. The rate
of decline of malnutrition in the country has been very slow for the last 15 years. This
problem is of utmost concern in this era of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in
which achieving the goals is imperative. The aim of our study was to review literature on
the prevalence and socio-economic impacts of malnutrition among children under 5 in
Uganda and provide recommendations to address identified gaps. This review assesses
available evidences, including journal articles, country reports, the World Health
Organization (WHO) reports, the United Nations International Children’s Emergency
Funds (UNICEF) reports, and other reports on issues pertaining to malnutrition among
children in Uganda.
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methodological approaches to obtain data relevant to

the research problems to be used by the researchers in performing the study, including
the research design, study population, research instrument development, data collection
processes, and suitable statistical treatment of data.

Locale of the Study

The researcher will be conducting the study at Butong Quezon, Bukidnon, the
study will be carried out. This area was chosen because of its practical accessibility and
potential familiarity with the research topic.
Studying malnutrition among children in Butong, Quezon, Bukidnon would likely
involve conducting research in the community itself. This might include visiting health
centers, conducting household surveys, interviewing families, and collaborating with
local health authorities to gather data on nutrition, dietary habits, access to food, and
overall health of the children in that area.

Map Location
 Participants of the Study

The respondents of this study are the Health Workers. There are more than 23
Health worker in the barangay each purok have 1 Barangay Health Worker (BHW).The
researchers employed cluster random sampling. the 23 health workers and also the
captain of the barangay and the parents of the children who are malnurished are
selected to participate in this study as respondents. Additionally, the respondents were
made aware that the responses would be kept private and anonymous.

Research Instrument

The survey method that researchers used was the primary method in this study
such that we can be certain of our answers to certain questions.

The data collected through questionnaires was founded to assemble data on the
effects of psychological factors that have already been neglected or despoiled by
others. The researcher developed this questionnaire to collect information and data
about the psychological aspects that influence the parents learnings.

Research Design

This research design is to determiine the most common issues why mostly the
children in barangay butong is causing malnutrition, this research will take a
phenomenological approach, with data collected through surveys and questionnaires.

Data Gathering Procedure

 The survey method that researchers used was the primary method in this study
such that we can be certain of our answers to certain questions.

The data collected through questionnaires was founded to assemble data on the
effects of health factors that have already been neglected or despoiled by others.
The researcher developed this questionnaire to collect information and data about the
psychological aspects that influence the parents learnings.

Sampling Procedure

In cluster random sampling, a population is divided into discrete groupings called

clusters. They then choose a sample at random from these clusters. Often utilized to
investigate huge populations, particularly those that are extensively geographically
distributed, cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique. In contrast to most
research, which uses pre-existing units like cities or schools as clusters. The Barangay
is chosen by the researchers as their cluster. If the population is grouped correctly,
cluster sampling, which uses randomization, will result in a sample that accurately
represents the characteristics of the wider population, giving the study high external
validity.