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"Transit visa" redirects here. For the novel, see Transit Visa (novel). For other uses,
see Visa (disambiguation).
A United States travel visa[1] issued in 2014

A visa (lat. 'something seen',[1] pl. visas from Latin charta visa 'papers that have been
seen')[2] is a conditional authorization granted by a polity to a foreigner that allows them
to enter, remain within, or leave its territory. Visas typically include limits on the duration
of the foreigner's stay, areas within the country they may enter, the dates they may
enter, the number of permitted visits, or if the individual can work in the country in
question. Visas are associated with the request for permission to enter a territory and
thus are, in most countries, distinct from actual formal permission for an alien to enter
and remain in the country. In each instance, a visa is subject to entry permission by an
immigration official at the time of actual entry and can be revoked at any time. Visa
evidence most commonly takes the form of a sticker endorsed in the
applicant's passport or other travel document but may also exist electronically. Some
countries no longer issue physical visa evidence, instead recording details only
in immigration databases.
Some countries, such as Turkey, require that their citizens, and sometimes foreign
travelers, obtain an exit visa in order to be allowed to leave the country. Until 2004,
foreign students in Russia were issued only an entry visa on being accepted to
University there, and had to obtain
changed, and foreign students are now issued multiple entry (and exit) visas.
Historically, immigration officials were empowered to permit or reject entry of visitors on

arrival at the frontiers. If permitted entry, the official would issue a visa, when required,
which would be a stamp in a passport. Today, travellers wishing to enter another
country must often apply in advance for what is also called a visa, sometimes in person
at a consular office, by post, or over the Internet. The modern visa may be a sticker or a
stamp in the passport, an electronic record of the authorization, or a separate document
which the applicant can print before entering and produce on entry to the visited polity.
Some countries do not require visitors to apply for a visa in advance for short visits.
Visa applications in advance of arrival give countries a chance to consider the

applicant's circumstances, such as financial security, reason for travel, and details of
previous visits to the country. Visitors may also be required to undergo and pass
security or health checks upon arrival at the port of entry.
Some polities which restrict emigration require individuals to possess
as may be required for citizens, foreigners, or both, depending on the policies of the
polity concerned. Unlike ordinary visas, exit visas are often seen as an illegitimate
intrusion on individuals' right to freedom of movement. The imposition of an exit visa
requirement may be seen to violate customary international law, as the right to leave
any country is provided for in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Uniquely, the Norwegian special territory of Svalbard is an entirely visa-free zone under
the terms of the Svalbard Treaty. Some countries—such as those in the Schengen Area
—have agreements with other countries allowing each other's citizens to travel between
them without visas. In 2015, the World Tourism Organization announced that the
number of tourists requiring a visa before travelling was at its lowest level ever. [4][5]
History[edit]
This section needs
expansion. You can help
by adding to it. (August
2011)
In Western Europe in the late 19th century and early 20th century, passports and visas
were not generally necessary for moving from one country to another. The relatively
high speed and large movements of people travelling by train would have caused
bottlenecks if regular passport controls had been used.[6] Passports and visas became
usually necessary as travel documents only after World War I.[7]
Up until that point in time, passports and visas were usually the same type of travel
documents. In the modern world, visas have become separate secondary travel
documents, with passports acting as the primary travel documents.
Conditions of issue[edit]
Passport receipt for visa application, Embassy of Myanmar,

Bangkok
Some visas can be granted on arrival or by prior application at the country's embassy
or consulate, or through a private visa service specialist who is specialized in the
issuance of international travel documents. These agencies are authorized by the
foreign authority, embassy, or consulate to represent international travellers who are
unable or unwilling to travel to the embassy and apply in person. Private visa and
passport services collect an additional fee for verifying customer applications,
supporting documents, and submitting them to the appropriate authority. If there is no
embassy or consulate in one's home country, then one would have to travel to a th
In Western Europe in the late 19th century and early 20th century, passports and visas
were not generally necessary for moving from one country to another. The relatively
high speed and large movements of people travelling by train would have caused
bottlenecks if regular passport controls had been used.[6] Passports and visas became
usually necessary as travel documents only after World War I.[7]
Up until that point in time, passports and visas were usually the same type of travel
documents. In the modern world, visas have become separate secondary travel
documents, with passports acting as the primary travel documents.
Conditions of issue[edit]
Passport receipt for visa application, Embassy of Myanmar,

Bangkok
Some visas can be granted on arrival or by prior application at the country's embassy
or consulate, or through a private visa service specialist who is specialized in the
issuance of international travel documents. These agencies are authorized by the
foreign authority, embassy, or consulate to represent international travellers who are
unable or unwilling to travel to the embassy and apply in person. Private visa and
passport services collect an additional fee for verifying customer applications,
supporting documents, and submitting them to the appropriate authority. If there is no
embassy or consulate in one's home country, then one would have to travel to a th
try to get a visa issued there. Alternatively, in such cases visas may be pre-arranged for collection on
arrival at the border. The need or absence of need of a visa generally depends on the citizenship of the
applicant, the intended duration of the stay, and the activities that the applicant may wish to undertake
in the country he or she visits; these may delineate different formal categories of visas, with different
issue conditions.
The issuing authority, usually a branch of the country's foreign ministry or department (e.g. U.S. State
Department), and typically consular affairs officers, may request appropriate documentation from the
applicant. This may include proof that the applicant is able to support him or herself in the host country
(lodging, food), proof that the person hosting the applicant in his or her home really exists and has
sufficient room for hosting the applicant, proof that the applicant has obtained health and evacuation
insurance, etc. Some countries ask for proof of health status, especially for long-term visas; some
countries deny such visas to persons with certain illnesses, such as HIV/AIDS. The exact conditions
depend on the country and category of visa. Notable examples of countries requiring HIV tests of long-
term residents are Russia[8] and Uzbekistan.[9] In Uzbekistan, however, the HIV test requirement is
sometimes not strictly enforced.[9] Other countries require a medical test that includes an HIV test,
even for a short-term tourism visa. For example, Cuban citizens and international exchange students
require such a test approved by a medical authority to enter Chilean territory.
The issuing authority may als participate in certain activities (like prostitution or drug trafficking). Some
countries will deny visas if passports show evidence of citizenship of, or travel to, a country that is
considered hostile by that country. For example, some Arabic-oriented countries will not issue visas to
nationals of Israel and those whose passports bear evidence of visiting Israel.
Many countries frequently demand strong evidence of intent to return to the home country, if the visa is
for a temporary stay, due to potential unwanted illegal immigration. Proof of ties to the visa applicant's
country of residence is often demanded to demonstrate a sufficient incentive to return. This can include
things such as documented evidence of employment, bank statements, property ownership, and family
ties.
Types
Tourist entry visa to the People's Republic of China
Transit visa, issued by Japanese Consul Chiune Sugihara in Lithuania to Susan Bluman in World War II
Press visa to Kaliningrad 1992
Each country typically has a multitude of categories of visas with various names. The most common
types and names of visas include:
By purpose
Transit visas
For passing through the country of issue to a destination outside that country. Validity of transit visas
are usually limited by short terms such as several hours to ten days depending on the size of the country
or the circumstances of a particular transit itinerary.
Airside transit visa, required by some countries for passing through their airports even without going
through passport control.
Crew member, steward, or driver visa, issued to persons employed or trained on aircraft, vessels, trains,
trucks, buses, and a

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rom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A United States travel visa[1] issued in 2014

Historically, immigration officials were empowered to permit or reject entry of visitors on

Visa applications in advance of arrival give countries a chance to consider the

Passport receipt for visa application, Embassy of Myanmar,

Passport receipt for visa application, Embassy of Myanmar,

Tourist entry visa to the People's Republic of China

Press visa to Kaliningrad 1992

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