Microsoft releases a group of server operating systems with a brand name of Windows Server.

This
includes all Windows Operating Systems that are branded "Windows Server", but not any Microsoft
product. Windows Server 2003 is the first Windows Server edition released by Microsoft. However, the
first server edition of Windows was Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, followed by Windows NT 3.5
Server, Windows NT 4.0 Server, and Windows 2000 Server. Windows Servers includes features like
Active Directory, DNS server; DHCP Server, Group Policy, IIS, as well as many other popular features
used Today.

WINDOWS SERVER INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING OPERATING SYSTEMS:

 Windows Server 2003 released in (April 2003)

 Windows Server 2003 R2 releases in (December 2005)

 Windows Server 2008 releases in (February 2008)

 Windows Server 2008 R2 releases in (July 2009)

 Windows Server 2012 released in (August 2012)

Windows Server 2012 R2 releases in (October 2013)

Windows Server 2016 releases in (September 2016)

MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER OS (OPERATING SYSTEM)

Microsoft Windows Server OS (operating system) is a series of enterprise-class server operating systems
designed to share services with multiple users and provide extensive administrative control of data
storage, applications and corporate networks.

Development for Windows Server started in the early 1980s when Microsoft produced two operating
system lines: MS-DOS and Windows NT. Microsoft engineer David Cutler developed the kernel of
Windows NT with the intent to provide speed, security and reliability that large organizations require in
a server operating system.

Prior to the release of Windows NT, many companies relied on the UNIX operating system that required
expensive RISC-based hardware to run file and printing services. Windows NT had the ability to run on
less costly x86 machines.

A key feature in the NT architecture is symmetric multiprocessing, which makes applications run faster
on machines with several processors.

Later iterations of Windows Server can be deployed either on hardware in an organization's data center
or on a cloud platform, such as Microsoft Azure.

Key features in later versions of Windows Server include Active Directory, which automates the
management of user data, security and distributed resources, and enables interoperation with other
directories; and Server Manager, which is a utility to administer server roles and make configuration
changes to local or remote machines.

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A timeline of Windows Server OS versions

HISTORY OF WINDOWS SERVER

1993: Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server

Microsoft released its Windows NT operating system in two formats: one for workstations and the other
for servers. The 32-bit operating system featured a hardware abstraction layer (HAL), which provided
more system stability by blocking applications from direct access to system hardware. Companies could
use Advanced Server as a domain controller to store user and group rights.

1994: Windows NT 3.5 Server

Microsoft updated key networking features in this server release and added integrated support for
TCP/IP and Winsock. Other networking improvements allowed users on other non-Microsoft operating
systems to access files and applications on the domain.

1995: Windows NT Server 3.51

Microsoft fine-tuned this release to boost performance and reduce the amount of required memory.
This server OS was optimized to deliver services faster to users through its updated networking stack.
Microsoft added more connectivity support for companies in a mixed environment with both Windows
NT and NetWare servers to allow users to get services from each with a single credential.

1996: Windows NT Server 4.0

Microsoft borrowed the Windows 95 interface for this server OS release and also used many of the
applications in the client OS, such as the File Explorer. Microsoft expanded the networking protocol
capabilities in this release to make network resources available to a wider array of non-Microsoft
machines. Key features in this release were the ability to use a server as an Internet Information Server
-- now called Internet Information Services (IIS) -- and a domain name system server. This server OS also
could walk administrators through various tasks, such as sharing a hard disk with a feature called
Administrative Wizards.

2000: Windows 2000

Windows 2000 introduced Active Directory, a directory service that stores and manages information
about network objects, including user data, systems and services. Active Directory lets administrators
perform various tasks, such as virtual private network configuration, data encryption and granting access
to file shares on networked computers.

 Microsoft also introduced several other key features in this release, including:

 Microsoft Management Console (MMC),

 NTFS 3.0 file system and

 support for dynamic disk volumes.

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Windows 2000 had three editions -- Server, Advanced Server and Datacenter -- that were built to work
with Windows 2000 Professional, the client OS.

2003: Windows Server 2003

Microsoft introduced the "Windows Server" brand with the release of Windows Server 2003 and touted
its security improvements over Windows 2000. Microsoft hardened IIS, the web server feature, and
disabled more default services to reduce exploit opportunities.

Microsoft introduced server roles with this release, which allowed administrators to assign a specific
function to a server, such as domain controller or DNS server.

Other new features in this release included expanded encryption functionality, built-in firewall, greater
Network Address Translation (NAT) support and Volume Shadow Copy Service.

Windows Server 2003 had four editions: Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter and Web.

2005: Windows Server 2003 R2

Rather than a version number, Microsoft began using the R2 -- or release two -- designation with
Windows Server 2003 R2. Organizations always need to buy a new Windows Server license to use the
new server operating system, but R2 releases used the client access licenses (CALs) of the immediately
preceding server version to eliminate the need to upgrade those licenses.

This version improved on the security and safety features in Windows Server 2003.

Key new features in this release were:

 Active Directory Federation Services, which lets administrators broaden single sign-on access to
applications and systems beyond the corporate firewall.

 Active Directory Application Mode, which stores data for applications that may be considered
not secure enough to use in the Active Directory system.

This version also added enhancements to file replication and data compression for branch office servers.
Among the security improvements in this release was the Security Configuration Wizard, which let
administrators apply consistent security policies to multiple machines.

2008: Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008 added new features such as:

 Hyper-V virtualization software,

 failover clustering,

 Event Viewer,

Server Core -- the minimal deployment option managed via the command line, and

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Server Manager Console, used to add and manage server roles and features on local and remote
machines.

Microsoft also overhauled the networking stack and Active Directory to enhance its Group Policy and
identity management capabilities.

Windows Server 2008 came in four editions: Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter and Web.

2009: Windows Server 2008 R2

Microsoft used its Windows 7 kernel for this server operating system and touted its improved scalability
and availability features.

Microsoft enhanced Active Directory for improved handling of user accounts and more granular control
with policies. The company also updated Terminal Services functionality and rechristened it to Remote
Desktop Services (RDS).

New features in this release include BranchCache and DirectAccess, both aimed at improving how users
in remote locations are able to get their work done.

This server OS, like its predecessor, shares some of the administrative and security functionality used in
the Windows Vista client operating system. Windows Server 2008 R2 also marked a change from a 32-
bit server operating system to a 64-bit version.

2012: Windows Server 2012

Microsoft embedded a number of cloud-related features to Windows Server 2012, going so far as to dub
it the "Cloud OS," so organizations could run services more easily in public or private clouds. The
company also made significant updates to the operating system's storage infrastructure and Hyper-V
virtualization platform.

New features worth noting in this release were the Hyper-V virtual switch, Hyper-V Replica, Storage
Spaces and ReFS file system.

In another change with this release, Microsoft switched the default installation option to Server Core,
which requires administrators to use PowerShell. Upon this release, PowerShell had 2,300 cmdlets
available for management.

This server version came in four editions: Essentials, Foundation, Standard and Datacenter. The Standard
and Datacenter editions had the same feature set, but a Standard license permitted organizations to run
two virtual machines (VMs), while Datacenter permitted an unlimited number of VMs.

2013: Windows Server 2012 R2

Microsoft made expansive changes across the board with Windows Server 2012 R2, including significant
updates to virtualization, storage, networking, information security and web services.

New features of note:

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Desired State Configuration (DSC) built on PowerShell to prevent configuration drift and maintain
consistency across the organization's machines.

Storage tiering added to Storage Spaces boosts performance by automatically moving frequently called
blocks of data to solid-state storage.

Work Folders allow users to retrieve and save company files on work and personal devices through
replication to servers in the organization's data center.

2016: Windows Server 2016

Microsoft nudged enterprises closer to the cloud with a number of new features tailored to ease
workload migrations, such as support for Docker containers and software-defined enhancements in
networking.

Microsoft debuted Nano Server, a minimal server deployment option intended to boost security by
shrinking the attack vector. Microsoft says Nano Server is 93% smaller than a full Windows Server
deployment.

Another nod to security comes in the new Hyper-V shielded VM feature, which uses encryption to
prevent data inside a VM from being compromised.

The Network Controller is a key new networking feature that allows administrators to manage the
switches, subnets and other devices on the virtual and physical networks.

This server OS comes in Standard and Datacenter editions. In previous Windows Server versions, the
Standard and Datacenter editions had the same feature set, but different license rights and use
restrictions. In Windows Server 2016, the Standard edition does not have the more advanced features in
virtualization, storage and networking.

INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS SERVER 2016

Windows Server 2016 is a server operating system. It is developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows
NT family of operating systems, developed concurrently with Windows 10. It comes with a preview
version (Technical Preview) became available on 1 October 2014 together with the first technical
preview of System Center. Windows Server 2016 was released on 26 September 2016 at Microsoft's
Ignite conference and became generally available on 12 October 2016. Its earlier version of Windows
Server 2012 which is the first Microsoft Server OS that has connectivity to the cloud.

The 3 main product editions of the Windows Server 2016 are: -

 Windows Server 2016 Datacenter - Highly virtualized and software-defined datacentre

environments

 Windows Server 2016 Standard - Low density or non-virtualised environments

 Windows Server 2016 Essentials - Small businesses with up to 25 users and 50 devices

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IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOWS SERVER 2016

Windows Server 2016 has a variety of new features, including

 Nano Server

Microsoft announced a new installation option, Nano Server, which offers a minimal-footprint headless
version of Windows Server. It excludes the graphical user interface.

 Storage Services

Storage Replica replicates blocks instead of files; files can be in use. It's not multi-master, not one-to-
many and not transitive. It periodically replicates snapshots, and the replication direction can be
changed.

 Even more powerful Hyper-V

Hyper-V Server has allowed us to add virtual hardware or adjust the allocated RAM to a virtual machine.
However, those changes historically required that we first power down the VM. In Windows Server
2016, we can now "hot add" virtual hardware while VMs are online and running. I was able to add an
additional virtual network interface card (NIC) to my running Hyper-V virtual machine.

 PowerShell 5 is here

Windows Server 2016 comes with the Windows Management Framework 5.1, and that includes the
latest version of PowerShell. Leveraging the .NET Framework 4.6, PowerShell 5 comes with several new
features, including new cmdlets for managing local users and groups, as well as a new Get-ComputerInfo
cmdlet which can dump detailed information on the system.

 Nested Virtualization

Nested virtualization refers to the capability of a virtual machine to itself host virtual machines. This has
historically been a "no go" in Windows Server Hyper-V, but we finally have that ability in Windows
Server 2016.Nested virtualization makes sense when a business wants to deploy additional Hyper-V
hosts and needs to minimize hardware costs.

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS SERVER

In this ,we will discuss regarding the Installation of Windows Server 2016 Step by Step in your Machine.
We will see the Requirements and Prerequisites for the Windows Server 2016. As we already discuss the
Introduction of Windows Server 2016 where we see that Windows Server 2016 is available in 3 editions
(Essentials, Standard and Datacenter ). If you don't know much more about Windows Server then Please
visit Introduction to Windows Server 2016.Now we will move forward and see How to Install Windows
Server 2016 (Step by Step Tutorial).

Minimal System Requirements

Although most of the Servers nowadays probably have the necessary requirements for Windows Server
2016. It is very helpful for us to know the System requirements when we are upgrading from an older
System.

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The Main Requirements for Windows Server 2016 are

 CPU Socket minimum 1.4 GHz (64-bit Processor)

 RAM Memory minimum is 512 MB, but Microsoft recommenced 8 GB

 Minimum 32 GB Disk Space Requirement

 Network: Gigabit (10/100/1000baseT) Ethernet adapter

 Optical Storage: DVD drive (if installing the OS from DVD media)

 Video: Super VGA (1024 x 768) or higher-resolution (optional)

 Input Devices: Keyboard and mouse (optional)

 Internet: Broadband access (optional)

Note that if you start the installation in a System where the hardware requirements are not up to the
point then it will prompt that Hardware requirements are not fulfilled, or the Installation will not Start.

Windows Server 2016 Installation Steps

These are the Steps for Installing Windows Server 2016 in your System

Step 1 - For Installing Windows Server we need a Bootable USB Drive so that we can Install Windows
Server in our System, but to create a Bootable USB Drive we need an ISO image of Windows Server
2016. We can Download the Evaluation ISO of Windows Server 2016 from the following link. ISO Image
Link.

It is the Official Link to Microsoft Website for download the windows server 2016 ISO image.Here you
need to sign in first with a Microsoft account like outlook or Hotmail in order to complete the download.
The good thing about this is that the evaluation period will last for 180 days.This is enough time for you
to know that this will be the right product for you or not.

In the end, if you decided to buy the license of Windows Server 2016. You can Purchase it online via a
Microsoft online store. BUY LICENSE OF WINDOWS SERVER 2016.

Step 2 - After Downloading the ISO image from the above step, we will now create a Bootable USB Drive
using a Microsoft tool called Windows USB/DVD Download Tool and can be Download from this Link.
WINDOWS USB/DVD DOWNLOAD TOOL.

After Download the Tool from the above link, Open it and Select the ISO File Location and then click
Next, and wait for it to Finish the Process.After this Step, we have the Bootable USB Drive for Windows
Server 2016.

Step 3 - After creating the Bootable USB Drive of Windows Server 2016 from the above steps, Plug the
USB into your System and wait for a while till it loads the files. Now after some time, we will see a
Windows like this.

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Step 4 - After all the files are loaded, we will see the screen where we have to choose the Language,
time format, and Keyboard Settings. Leave all these as Default and Click " Next ".

Step 5 - Now click on " Install Now".

Step 6 - Once we click on the Install now button, the setup will start and it will load all the setup files and
the screen will look as shown in the Screenshot below.

Step 7 - Wait for the next Screen and then we will see the following screen.Here we have 2 Different
Installation options for Windows Server 2016. Let's Select "Windows Server 2016 Datacenter (Desktop
Experience) " and Click Next.

Step 8 - Now on the next screen, Click on "I accept the license terms" and then Click on Next button as
shown below.

Step 9 - Select Custom Installation as it is a new Installation.

Step 10 - Now a screen display which asks where we want to install windows. Here you can create a new
partition, delete a partition or format the hard disk. After you have done this process then you can select
the Drive partition where you want to install Windows Server 2016. In our case, we have one partition.
Once all set. Click on Next.

Step 11 - Now just wait until the process will finish. and then the server will automatically reboot.

Step 12 - Once the reboot is done on the server, you will see the following screen. Here to choose the
password for the Windows server and then click on "Finish".

Step 13 - It will take some minute. wait for it to finish.

Step 14 - Once all done, you have completed the Installation process and the following screen will
appear.

Congratulations! finally, we have Successfully installed Windows Server 2016 in our System. In next Part,
we will discuss some Basic Configurations of Windows Server 2016.

BASIC CONFIGURATIONS OF WINDOWS SERVER 2016

After Installing Windows Server 2016, you can start working on server but before that, there are some
configurations for the server to perform the work. These are the basic configuration to do before start
working with the server. The basic configuration like Setting the time zone, Renaming the Server, Setup
the Network connection and much more. So Let's get started with the below steps.

Some Basic configurations for Windows Server 2016

1. Setting the time zone

Accurate Time zone is very Important for the Server and Services to work on the Exact and Right timing.
To set up Time zone, Open Server Manager, Click on Local Server and click on Time Zone. After that click
on Change Time zone, Now here select the correct time zone and Click on OK.

2. Rename the Server

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Renaming the Server is the most important part of the basic configuration. By Default, windows server is
setup with a unique name. We have to change the name of the Server. To change it go to Computer
Properties, click on Change Settings Click on Change. Here Type the Computer name and Click OK. After
this, it will prompt for restarting the server, click on Restart now.

3. Turn on Automatic Updates in the Server

If we want to secure our Server then we have to keep the server updated with the latest updates. It is
very important to protect our server. By turning on Automatic updates on your server we will get the
latest updates from the Microsoft. To install latest updates go to Settings > Update & Security and then
click on check for updates and when there is update download it and install.

4. Setup Network Settings

If you are Setting up Windows Server 2016 in your network then it is recommended that you set the
server with a static IP address. Its very simple to setup a static IP address on the server.

1. Go to Settings > Network & Internet > Change adapter options .

2. On the Network Connections select your Network adapter to configure. Right-click on the network
adapter and choose Properties.

3. Now Double click on Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPV4). Now you have to enter the IP Address
you want to assign to the server, Network Mask, Default Gateway and the DNS IP Address.

4. Click OK. Done! we have successfully set a static IP address on our server.to see the IP Address open
command prompt or Powershell and type ipconfig . You will see the Screen like this.

Congratulations! finally, we have Successfully Configure some Basic Configurations in Server. In next
Part, we will discuss Domain Name Service Server.

DNS AND INSTALLATION

Now we will move forward and see What is DNS and How to Install DNS Role in Windows Server 2016.
So Let's get Started .Before Started we will learn what is DNS (Domain Name Service) and how it Works.

What is DNS (Domain Name System)

Ever wondered how the internet workers. When you type a website to address into your browser what
actually happens, well it's complicated. Every website, it's just a set of files that are hosted on the
server, located somewhere in the world. Every Host server identified by unique numerical IP Address.
Like a street address, you can visit. These IP addresses are long and no one can remember them so we
used simple memorable names to stand into the long complicated numbers. For this to work another
service name DNS Domain Name Server used. DNS works behind the Server to translate these things
back at to numerical IP Addresses and allows your computer to reach them a correct destination.

DNS is a role which is Present in the Windows Server. It is the most important part of a network, As
Domain Name System (DNS) is a service that is used to perform the name resolution. Name resolution is
a process to Resolve domain names into IP addresses and IP address to domain names. In every
Organization, there is a huge number of Systems, and Systems communicate to each other using an IP
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address, and it is very difficult to remember each and every Systems IP address in a large Organization.
DNS service allows us communicating with the systems using the domain names, which is easier to
remember than IP addresses. The work of DNS service is to communicate the systems using the domain
names and the IP address.

How Domain Name System Works

I will discuss a simple explanation of the heart of what the DNS is, by following a client, and that client is
request for some information so that it can get to something that it needs. So www.site.com is going for
what the client is looking for, Now by going after www.site.com the client is not able to do much about
DNS because these are just words and the computers don’t really talk in words, Computers talk in
numbers. And the number which associated with www.site.com is 12.19.206.13 it’s an IP Address .The
trick here is we have to make www.site.com to 12.19.206.13. We have to map these 2 things to one
another . Essentially that’s what the DNS is all about. So let’s get started and see How the Client Does
that. We start off with the Client .The Client needs to get to www.site.com. In order to get there, it has
to know where it is .So it asks its DNS Server Where is www.site.com .Its asks your System DNS Server on
the local network, because that happens to be the IP Address that is placed in the DNS Field of the
network system preferences on the client. So the System’s DNS Server doesn’t know where
www.site.com is, but the System’s DNS Server does know where the .com root server is because it’s a
root server . So the system’s DNS Server can ask the root .com where is site, the root .com server is
responsible for keeping track of all the domains, So it can respond, "well I happened to know that
site.com being handled by DNS server over 207.63.51.89 and that server happens to be the source of
the Authority as well, so I would go there and ask it". The system’s DNS Server says thanks a lot and it
goes over to this new server and it says ok 207.63.51.89 tell me where is www.site.com ,207.63.51.89
has that fully qualified domain name in its DNS Tables. So it can authoritatively respond that
www.site.com is at 12.19.206.13 that is an A Record, and A Record is a Forward that basically connects a
name to a number and this is what it’s doing now .So System’s DNS Server has the answer to the client’s
original question so it can cache the answer that question and pass the answer on to the client once it’s
done this and the client the knows location of the server it was trying to get to the DNS process is
complete .So all how DNS Works. So Now We will Install DNS Service in Our Windows Server Machine.
Let's see how to Install DNS Role in Windows Server 2016.For this, we need to follow the Following
Steps.

Steps to Install DNS Role in Windows Server 2016

Step 1. Open your Windows Server and open Server Manager console and go to Manage and then Click
on Add Roles and Features, or You can Simply Click on Add Roles and Features from the Server Manager
Console.

Step 2. On the Next window, you will see the Prerequisites Window, Click on Next.

Step 3. Now in this Window, Select the Role-based or feature-based installation option and click on
Next.

Step 4. Now we have to Select the Server, just Select a Server from the Server pool. and click on Next.

Step 5. From the list of Server Roles, Check the DNS Server role > Click on Add Features on the popup
window and simply Click on Next.
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Step 6. This window will show you the Description of the Role which you are installing.Clik on Next.

Step 7. Now you will see a window which confirms the Installation Selections. Click on Install.

Step 8. Wait for the installation bar to complete, after that the Installation of DNS role is completed on
your Server.Click on Close.

Congratulations! finally, we have Successfully Installed DNS Server in our Windows Server 2016
Machine. In next Part, we will Configure DNS in our Windows Server 2016 Machine.

CONFIGURATION OF DNS

Now we'll move forward and see How to Configure DNS and create Primary Zones. Therefore Let's Start.
Before these keep in mind that your system has put in with DNS Role.

Configuration of DNS in Windows Server 2016

In the Below Steps, we'll Configure DNS by making the New Zones. We will create a primary zone as a
result of, by default, there are not any zones so as to manage the records. We will create new Primary
zones in Forward Lookup Zone and Reverse Lookup Zone.

Creating Primary Zone in Forward Lookup Zone

Step 1. Open Server Manager Console, From the Dashboard, Click on DNS > Right Click on Server IP
Address and choose DNS Manager.

Step 2. Here within the Screenshot, you'll be able to see the DNS Manager Window. Now we will create
New Primary Zone in Forward Lookup Zone. Right, Click on Forward Lookup zone > Click on New Zone...

Step 3. A New zone Wizard will open. Choose Primary zone and click on Next.

Step 4. Here you have to enter the name of the Primary zone that you would like to manage the records.
Just Enter the Zone Name (Like techpanther.in ) and click on Next.

Step 5. Select Create a New file with this file name to create a new zone file. Click on Next.

Step 6. Here you'll be able to specify that this DNS zone accepts secure, non-secure, or no dynamic
updates. If you want to allow both non-secure and secure dynamic updates, Select Allow both non-
secure and secure dynamic updates as shown below and Click on Next.

Step 7. Now you will see a Confirmation Dialog Box with Settings you have selected. Click on Finish.

CREATING PRIMARY ZONE IN REVERSE LOOKUP ZONE

Step 1. Open Server Manager Console, From the Dashboard, Click on DNS > Right Click on Server IP
Address and Select DNS Manager

Step 2. Now we will create a New Primary zone in Reverse Lookup Zone. Right, click on Reverse Lookup
zone > Click on New Zone ...

Step 3. A New zone Wizard will Open. Select Primary zone and Click on Next.

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Step 4. Select IPv4 Reverse Lookup Zone and Click on Next.

Step 5. Here we have to Enter the First three Octate of the IP Address.(If your Server IP Address is
192.168.1.10 then here type 192.168.1 ) Click on Next.

Step 6. Select Create a New file with this file name to create a new zone file.Simply Click on Next.

Step 7. Here you'll be able to specify that this DNS zone accepts secure, nonsecure, or no dynamic
updates.If you want to allow both nonsecure and secure dynamic updates, choose Allow both
nonsecure and secure dynamic updates as shown below and Clik on Next.

Step 8. Now you will see a Confirmation Dialog Box with Settings you have Selected. Click on Finish.

That's It . Currently DNS Service is running on your Windows Server 2016 Machine. In Next Part, we'll
Discuss How to Manage DNS Records in Windows Server 2016.

ADD OR MANAGE DNS RECORDS

As we all know, in DNS we can add records according to our need. In most cases, the DNS server is
configured to automatically update its records. As per the Server's Configuration, all the Client
computers that are members of an existing domain will automatically register their computer names
along with their corresponding IP addresses with the DNS server.

Sometimes in an organization administrators do not allow the Client Computers to automatically update
DNS records. When the administrator set this type of Configuration then the administrator has to
manually add or alter the DNS records in the DNS Server for the Name resolution. Using this the Security
is also maintained. If you also have configured your DNS Server with this type of Configuration, then you
can follow the below Steps given in this tutorial that how you can manually add a DNS host Record in the
DNS Server.

Add DNS Record in Windows Server 2016

Let's See how to you can add a New DNS Record on Windows Server 2016.For this, we need to follow
the Following Steps.

Step 1. Open Server Manager Console, From the Dashboard, Click on DNS > Right Click on Server IP
Address and Select DNS Manager.

Step 2. Now DNS Manager will Open. From the Left, Panel Expand the Server Name, and then Expand
Forward Look Zones.

Step 3.Click on Domain name and Right Click on the Empty Field and Click on New Host (A and AAA).

Step 4. Now a New Dialog Box will appear with the title New Host.

 The first field is Name (uses parent domain name if blank), here you have to type the
Computer's hostname for add a new record.

 The second field is of Fully qualified domain name (FQDN), Check that there should primary DNS
suffix has to be automatically added to the name in this field.

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  The third field is IP Address, here you have to type the IP address of the target computer.

 In Next, Select the Checkbox Create associated pointer(PTR) record.

 Finally, Click on Add Host to add the Host to the DNS Records.

In my case, I put 192.168.1.20 in IP Address field so that when I type esxi.supiy.com it will redirect to
192.168.1.20.

So in the above Steps, we have manually added a DNS host Record in the DNS Server for a client
system.you can add client DNS records like this. In next Part, we will Discuss Active Directory on
windows server 2016.

Now we will move forward and see What is Active Directory and How to Install it on Windows Server
2016 Machine. So Let's get Started.

DIRECTORY INSTALLATION OF ADDS

What is Active Directory?

Active Directory is a Directory Service that is used by the Windows Domain Networks and is developed
by Microsoft. Active Directory is available in all the Windows Server Operating Systems as it is a Service.
Active Directory is a Centralized System that manages computers and other devices on a network. It is
specially designed for distributed networking environments.

Active Directory has all the Information about all the objects - Users, Computers, Resources like Printers,
Shared Folder/ Files, in an organization's network. It is software to arrange, store information and
provides access and permissions based on that information. It is used to authenticate/authorize the
Users, computers, resources which is a part of a network.

Active Directory Structure has three main tires:

 Domain - A domain is defined as a logical group of network objects (computers, users, devices)
that share the same Active Directory database

 Trees - A tree is a collection of one or more domains and domain trees in a contiguous
namespace, linked in a transitive trust hierarchy.

 Forests - At the top of the structure is the forest. A forest is a collection of trees that share a
common global catalog, directory schema, logical structure, and directory configuration. The
forest represents the security boundary within which users, computers, groups, and other
objects are accessible.

How to Install Active Directory on Windows Server 2016

Step 1. Open your Server Machine and open Server Manager console and go to Manage and then Click
on Add Roles and Features, or You can Simply Click on Add Roles and Features from the Server Manager
Console.

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Step 2. Now in this Window, Select the Role-based or feature-based installation option and click on
Next.

Step 3. Now we have to select the Server, just select the Server from the Server pool. And click on Next.

Step 4. From the list of Server Roles, Check the Active Directory Domain Services role > Click on Add
Features on the popup window and simply Click on Next.

Step 5. In the Next window, it will show you the Description of the Role which you are installing. Click on
Next.

Step 6. Now you will see a window which confirms the Installation Selections. Click on Install.

Step 7. Wait for the installation bar to complete, after that the Installation of ADDS role is completed on
your Server. Click on Close.

Congratulations! Finally, we have Successfully Installed Active Directory Domain Services Role in our
Windows Server 2016 Machine. In next Part, we will prompt this server to a Domain Controller.

DOMAIN CONTROLLER.

Now we'll move forward and see what Domain Controller is and How to Add your Windows Server 2016
to Domain Controller. Before these keep in mind that your system has put in with ADDS Role. First, we
will discuss that what Domain controller is.

What is Domain Controller?

 A Windows Domain allows management of large computer networks.

 Use at least one Windows Server called a DC (Domain Controller).

 A DC is any Server with AD DS Role.

 DCs respond to authentication requests across the domain.

 DCs have the tools AD (Active Directory) and GP (Group Policy).

 AD Contains Objects and OUs (Organizational Units)

 GP contains GPOs (Group Policy Objects) that manage AD Objects.

Now we will see how we can Add our Windows Server 2016 to a Domain Controller.

Add Windows Server 2016 to a Domain Controller

Step 1. Open your Windows Server Machine and open Server Manager Console > on the Notification
Panel you can see a Notification, Click on the Notification Icon from the Top of the Dashboard. You can
see a Notification Regarding AD DS. Click on Prompt this Server to a domain controller.

Step 2. A new Window appears, Select Add a new Forest option, and then Enter your root domain name
in the root domain name field (like techpanther.in).

14
Step 3. Select the Functional level of the new Forest and Root domain. After that enter the DSRM
password in the password fields. DSRM allows the administrator to repair or restore Active Directory
Database.

Step 4. On the Next Window, a checkbox is already selected with the option Create DNS delegation.
Now Click on Change and a dialog box appears, enter the Username and Password of the Server .and
then Click on Next.

Step 5. Here we have to enter the NetBIOS Name, here you can change the NetBIOS name > click on
Next.

Step 6. Here Select the location of the AD DS database, log files and SYSVOL and Click on Next.

Step 7. Click on Next. Now the server will check the prerequisites for the Installation, Wait until it
Finished, The Server will restart Several times.

Congratulations! finally, we have Successfully Add Windows Server 2016 to a Domain Controller. In next
Part, we will see how to Create Organizational Unit and add a User to Domain Controller.

CREATE OU AND AD USER IN DOMAIN CONTROL

Now we'll move forward and see How to Create an Organizational Unit and Add user in it on Domain
Controller.

The process of creating OU Users account and Group account is almost same as in the previous Version
of Windows Server. In this Article, I will show how you can create Organizational Units and user accounts
in Domain Controller. You can create the user account from Active Directory Users and Computers. An
OU (Organizational Unit) is a store within an Active Directory Domain where we can Add Users, groups
and computes. It is the smallest unit. Using Organizational unit Administrator can assign account
permissions and group policies in an easy way. Now follow the Steps given below to create an OU user.

Create Organizational Unit and Add user account in Windows Server 2016

Step 1.First, open Active Directory Users and Computers. To do so, Open your Windows Server and open
Server Manager console > Tools > Active directory users and Computers.

Step 2. A New window of Active Directory Users and Computers will open. Right-click on the domain
name and choose New and then Click on Organizational Unit.

Step 3. Here type the name of the Organizational unit you want to create (for example IT Users).Select
the checkbox of Protect container from accidental deletion option.This option will protect the object
from the accidental deletion.

Step 4.Now OU with the name IT Users has been successfully created. Now we will add a user to this Out
create a user, Right Click on the IT Users OU > choose New > and then click on User.

Step 5. A new window will appear; here we have to enter the user information. Type the First name and
Last name. Here User logon name is the name which user will use to log in to the Computer in the

15
Network. if the user wants to log in then he will type mark@supiy.com or supiy.com/mark in the
username field. Now Clik on Next.

Step 6. Now type the password for the user. Select the other options according to the requirement. and
then click on Next

Step 7. Check the user configuration and click Finish.

Congratulations! finally, we have Successfully Creates an OU and add a user account to it. In next Part,
we will see how to apply Group Policy to users or computers.

CREATE AND MANAGE GROUP POLICY

Now we'll move forward and see How to Create and manage Group Policy on Windows Server 2016.

The process of Applying Policy to computers or network is almost same as in the previous Version of
Windows Server. Group Policy is a feature of Microsoft Windows that manage the working environment
of computer accounts and user accounts. Using Group Policy an Administrator can define options that
what a user can do on a network, It includes that what folders, files, and applications a user can access.
The collection of computer and user settings is known as GPOs (Group Policy Objects, which are
managed by an Administrator from Group Policy Management Console.

Group Policy Objects are handled in a specific order

 Local Group Policy - Any settings in the Computer's Local policy.

 Site - Any Group Policies associated with the AD site in which the computer located.

 Domain- Any Group Policies associated with the Domain in which the computer located.

 Organizational Unit -Group Policies allocated to the AD OU (Organizational Unit) in which the
user or computer are placed.

IMPLEMENTING GROUP POLICY IN WINDOWS SERVER 2016

Step 1.We will create a GPO (Group Policy Object), to create that Open your Windows Server and open
Server Manager console > Tools > Click on Group Policy management.

Step 2. We want to apply policy on OU of IT Users, Right -click on IT Users > and select Create a GPO in
this domain, and Link here...

Step 3 Here we have to enter the name of the new GPO, enter any name for GPO in the Name field >.
when finish click on OK.

Step 4. Right Click on the Group Policy Object name and then click edit.

Here we have to choose the policy which we want to apply. If you want to apply the policy to the users
then go to User Configuration and if you want to apply the policy on the computer then choose
Computer Configurations.

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Step 5. A new window of Group Policy Management editor will open. Expand User Configuration >
Policies > Administrative Templates > Control Panel > Double Click on Display.

Step 6. On the right side..Double Click on Disable the Display Control Panel. Here Select Enabled and
Click on OK.

Now, whenever any user from IT Users wants to open control panel then he will get an error message
and he can't able to open Control Panel. Now you can create or manage the GPO's from the Group
Policy Management Tool.

Congratulations! Finally, we have Successfully Apply a Policy to an OU. In next Part, we will see how to
apply Group Policy to users or computers.

WHAT IS DHCP AND HOW DHCP WORKS.

DHCP Stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It's an application layer protocol used by hosts or
computers to obtaining setup information. Its goal is to assign unique IP Address to our hosts, It also
provides other network addresses such as the subnet mask, default gateway, and the DNS Address.

For Example, we have 2 pc a switch and a router. For our computers over the network, they need an IP
address, not just an IP address, that address has to be unique on the network, other wish data goes to
host A when it should actually be going to host B. Host A doesn't know what’s going on and the whole
thing becomes a mess. We could assign these addresses manually we have only 2 pcs. But imagine if we
have two hundred plus PCs, we really don't want to be doing that, so how does DHCP sort this out. Each
computer will run a DHCP client and this will allow the computer to ask for an IP address. somewhere on
the network there will be a DHCP server, this is where the IP addresses are managed. DHCP Servers can
be run on routers or servers. At home is likely to build into your router but in an enterprise network is
likely handled by a server.

How DHCP Works

When we Turn our PC on and if it doesn't have any address it looks for DHCP server. The pc will send a
request to the server, called a DHCPDISCOVER request.

When a DHCP server receives a DHCPDISCOVER request from a client PC, which is an IP address request,
the DHCP server reserves an IP address for the client and makes a lease offer by sending a DHCPOFFER
message to the client.

Once the offer has been made for the chosen IP address, the device responds to the DHCP server with a
DHCPREQUEST packet to accept it.

If the server decides that the device cannot have the IP address, it will send a DHCPACK packet to the
client. This packet includes the lease duration and any other configuration information that the client
might have requested. At this point, the IP configuration process is complete.

Now we all know that what is Dynamic Host configuration protocol and how it works. In next Part, we
will see How to install and Configure DHCP Server on Windows Server 2016.

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 INSTALLATION SND CONFIGURATION OF DHCP

Now we'll move forward and see How to install and Configure DHCP Server on Windows Server 2016.

As we all know the work of DHCP Server is to assign IP Address to the Client Computers in a Network.
Now we will see how we can Setup DHCP Server on our Windows Server 2016 Machine.

Installation and Configuration DHCP Server on Windows Server 2016

Step 1. Open your Server Machine and open Server Manager console and go to Manage and then Click
on Add Roles and Features, or You can Simply Click on Add Roles and Features from the Server Manager
Console.

Step 2. Now in this Window, Select the Role-based or feature-based installation option and click on
Next.

Step 3. Now we have to select the Server, just select the Server from the Server pool. and click on Next.

Step 4. From the list of Server Roles, Check the DHCP role > Click on Add Features on the popup window
and simply Click on Next.

Step 5. Click on Next.

Step 6. In the Next window, it will show you the Description of the Role which you are installing. Click on
Next.

Step 7. Now you will see a window which confirms the Installation Selections. Click on Install.

Step 8. Wait for the installation bar to complete, after that the Installation of DHCP role is completed on
your Server. Click on Close.

POST DEPLOYMENT CONFIGURATION

In this, we will see how to complete the post-deployment configuration for the DHCP.

Step 1. On the Notification Panel, you can see a Notification, Click on the Notification Icon from the Top
of the Dashboard. You can see a Notification Regarding Post Deployment Configuration of DHCP. Click
on Complete DHCP Configuration.

Step 2. Click on Next

Step 3. Set the appropriate domain user account for the management of DHCP Server. Here I leave it by
default because the administrator account has the right privilege to perform DHCP Server configuration.
Click on Next.

Step 4. Next Window will show the summary. Click on Close.

CONFIGURE DHCP SERVER AND CREATING SCOPE

Now we will Configure the DHCP Server so that it can assign the IP address to the Client PCs. Follow the
Steps below.

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Step 1. Open your Windows Server and open Server Manager console > Tools > DHCP.

Step 2. Here we will create a scope. Right-click on IPv4 > and click on New Scope...

Step 3. New Scope Wizard will Open, Click on Next.

Step 4. Here Enter the Scope name and the Description in the Name and Description field. After entering
click on Next.

Step 5. We have to enter the IP address range which we want to assign to the client PCs. nter the Start
and End IP address, Length, and the Subnet mask. after entering click on Next.

Step 6. Here we have to enter the IP range which we want to exclude from the scope. Click on Next.

Step 7. Here choose the lease duration for the assigned IP Addresses or you can leave it as it is. then
Click on Next.

Step 8. Now it asks for the configuration of DHCP options. select Yes, I want to configure these options
now. and click on Next.

Step 9. Enter the Default gateway address (Normally its Routers IP Address), Click on Next.

Step 10. Enter the Domain name and IP address. In a Domain Environment, you can enter the Domain
controller's IP. Click on Next.

Step 11. Here enter the WINS Server Details. If there is no WINS Server Leve it Blank, and Click on Next.

Step 12. Select Yes, I want to activate the scope now to active the scope immediately, and click on Next.

Step 13. We have reached the final step, now click on Finish.

Congratulations! Finally, we have Successfully Installed and Configured DHCP Server on our Windows
Server 2016. In next Part, we will see how to install and Configure WDS Server on Windows Server 2016.

WDS AND INSTALLATION

Now we'll move forward and see What is Windows Deployment Services and How to install WDS Role on
Windows Server 2016.

Windows Deployment services first made its debut back in the days of Windows Server 2000 and
Windows Server 2003.However back in those days, the tool was known as Remote Installation Services.
Starting with Windows Server 2008 Microsoft decided to rename the tool to Windows Deployment
Services and has kept the name change ever since.

Windows Deployment Services is a technology that can install Windows Operating Systems onto to bare
metal computers over the network. With Windows Deployment Services the Operating System is stored
on a dedicated server. Operating System is stored on a WDS server are called images. An image, in a
nutshell, is essentially a snapshot of a computer at a specific point in time. When a new bare-metal
computer is connected to a network, Windows Deployment Services will install the image onto that
computer over the network.

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Pre-requisites to install Windows Deployment Services Server

 Domain Controller is required for the Authentication.

 DNS Server is required for name resolution

 DHCP Server is required for providing IP Address to client computers.

 You must have the appropriate credential to install the role.

 Boot Image and Install Image is required.

Installation of Windows Deployment Services on Windows Server 2016

Step 1. Open your Server Machine and open Server Manager console > Click on Add Roles and Features.

Step 2. Now in this Window, Select the Role-based or feature-based installation option and click on
Next.

Step 3. Now we have to Select the Server, just Select the Server from the Server pool. and click on Next.

Step 4. From the list of Server Roles, Check the Windows Deployment Services role > Click on Add
Features on the popup window and simply Click on Next.

Step 5.Click on Next.

Step 6. In the Next window, it will show you the Description of the Role which you are installing. Click on
Next.

Step 7. On the Select role services page, Leave Deployment Server and Transport Server services
selected by default. Click Next.

Step 8. Now you will see a window which confirms the Installation Selections. Click on Install.

Step 9. Wait for the installation bar to complete, after that the Installation of WDS role is completed on
your Server. Click on Close.

Congratulations! finally, we what is Windows Deployment Services and how we can install WDS Role on
Windows Server 2016. In next Part, we will Configure Windows Deployment Services Server on Windows
Server 2016.

CONFIGURATION OF WDS

Now we'll move forward and see how to Configure WDS on Windows Server 2016. Before these keep in
mind that your system has put in with WDS Role.

Configuration of WDS on Windows Server 2016

Step 1. First, open Windows Deployment Console. To do so, Open your Windows Server and open Server
Manager console > Tools > click on Windows Deployment Services.

20
Step 2. A New window of Windows Deployment Services will open. Right-click on the Computer name
and Click on Configure Server.

Step 3. A new window of WDS Configuration Wizard will open. This window will show all the pre-
requisites that are required before the Configuration of WDS.Click on Next.

Step 4. From the Install Options Select Integrated with Active Directory. because our server is a member
of a Domain.

Step 5.Now we have to Select the Remote Installation Folder Location. Select the Folder Location (Make
sure that the folder should not be the part of the system partition and it should be created on NTFS
partition).This Folder Contains Boot Images, Install images, PXE boot Files, and the WDS Management
Tools.

Step 6. Next Window is of PXE Server Initial Settings. Select Respond to all Client (known and
unknown) .and click on Next.

Step 7. Wait for it to complete the Configuration. and click on Finish

Step 8. In this step, we will add Install Image. Install images are the operating system images that you
deploy to the client computer. To add the Install image, right-click on Install Images, click on Add Install
Image.

Step 9. Select Create an Image group named and enter a name and Click on Next.

Step 10. On Next Window,, Click on Browse and Select Install.wim file and click on Open. and Click on
Next.

Step 11. In the Screenshot, you can see I have selected all the editions of Windows 10 that are listed.
click on Next.

Step 12. Wait for it to Finish the Process, after the process complete click on Finish.

Step 13. Now we will add Boot image. Boot images are images that boot a client computer to perform
an operating system installation. To add the Boot image, right-click on Boot Images and click on Add
Boot Image.

Step 14. Click on Browse and Select Boot.wim and click on Open and Click on Next.

Step 15. Click on Next, Next.

Step 16. Wait for it to finish the Process, after the process complete click on Finish.

Step 17. Now we will start the WDS Server. To do so, Click on Computer Name > All Task > click on Start.
You will get a Prompt Message which says successfully started Windows Deployment Services.

Congratulations! Finally, we have Successfully Configured WDS on Windows Server 2016. In next Part,
we will see.

Now we'll move forward and see how to Join Windows 7/8/10 to a Domain /Active Directory Domain.
Before these keep in mind that your Server is configured with Active Directory Domain Services.
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 CLIENT COMPUTERS TO A DOMAIN

If you want to add Client Computers to a Domain then You need a server which is configured with Active
Directory Domain Services. The main function of Domain is to control the Client computers. Now we will
join Windows 10 machine to our Domain so that we can manage the Client Computers from the domain.
Adding a Client Computer to a Domain is not a very big task. we can easily join the computer to a
domain in few steps.

Join Windows 10 to a Domain

Step 1. Open Computer, Open Control Panel > Network and Sharing Center > Change Adapter Settings >
Right Click on the Network Adapter >Properties > Internet Protocol Version 4(TCP/IPv4) Click on
Properties. In the DNS Field enter the IP Address of Domain and Click on OK > Click on OK.

Step 2. Right Click on This PC > Click on Properties.

Step 3. Click on Change Settings.

Step 4. System Properties Window will open, here Click on Change...

Step 5. Here change the Computer name, and Select the domain and enter the domain name in Domain
field, mine is supiy.com. you have to enter your domain name which you enter while setting up the
Domain Controller. Click on OK.

Step 6. When you click on OK, It will prompt for Username and password of Domain Account. Enter
Username and password and click on OK

Step 7. After that, a prompt will open which says "Welcome to the Domain".

Step 8. Now you’ll need to restart the computer to complete the process.

Congratulations! Finally, we have Successfully Join our Windows 10 Machine to the Domain. In next Part,
we will see what IIS is and How to Install IIS Role on Windows Server 2016.

Now we'll move forward and see what IIS is and How to Install IIS Role on Windows Server 2016. So Let's
Get Started.

WHAT IS IIS? HOW TO INSTALL IT

What is IIS?

IIS stands for Internet Information Services This is one of the most powerful web servers from Microsoft
that runs on Windows Systems to host requested Web application. You can Host Web and FTP sites
using IIS Server.IIS comes with Microsoft Windows. The work of IIS web server is to accept requests from
the remote system and returns the proper response.IIS Server has it's own process engine to handle the
requests from the client systems.

Versions of IIS Server

 .IIS 1.0 was initially released for Windows NT 3.51.IIS 2.0 comes with Windows NT 4.0.

22
  IIS 3.0 - Windows NT 4.0 (Service pack 2)

 IIS 4.0 - Windows NT 4.0.

 IIS 5.0 - Windows 2000.

 IIS 5.1 - Windows XP Professional.

 IIS 6.0 - Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.

 IIS 7.0 - Windows Server 2008

 IIS 7.5 - Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2.

 IIS 8.0 - Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8.

 IIS 8.5 - Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 10.

 IIS 10 - Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10-Includes support for HTTP/2

Install IIS Role on Windows Server 2016

Step 1. Open your Server Machine and open Server Manager console and Click on Add Roles and
Features.

Step 2. Now in this Window, Select the Role-based or feature-based installation option and click on
Next.

Step 3. Now we have to select the Server, just select the Server from the Server pool. And click on Next.

Step 4. From the list of Server Roles, Check the Web Server (IIS) role > Click on Add Features on the
popup window and simply Click on Next.

Step 5. Click on Next.

Step 6. In the Next window, it will show you the Description of the Role which you are installing. Click on
Next.

Step 7. On the Role Services window, Select the options you want to Install.(Select FTP Server for Install
FTP).Click on Next.

Step 8. Now you will see a window which confirms the Installation Selections. Click on Install.

Step 9. Wait for the installation bar to complete, after that the Installation of IIS role is completed on
your Server. Click on Close.

We will check if IIS is successfully installed or not. Go to Internet Explorer and type http://localhost and
if you see a page like you see in the screenshot. It means that IIS is successfully installed on your
machine.

Congratulations! Finally, we know what IIS is and how to install IIS Role on Windows Server 2016. In next
Part, we will see How to Host a Website on IIS Server on Windows Server 2016.

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 HOST A WEBSITE ON IIS SERVER

Now we'll move forward and see How to Host a Website on IIS Server on Windows Server 2016. So Let's
Get Started. For host website on IIS, IIS role should be installed on your Machine. We have already
Install IIS Role on Windows Server 2016.Steps of Hosting Website on IIS is very easy.

Host Website on IIS Server

Step 1. First, Open IIS (Internet Information Services) Manager. To do so, Open your Windows Server
and open Server Manager console > Tools > click on Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.

Paste your website on C:/inetpub/wwwroot/

Step 2. A New window of Internet Information Services Manager will open. Expand Computer Name >
Right Click on Add Website.

Step 3. A New Windows will open. Enter the Site name, Physical Path. From Bindings, Select the IP
Address on which you want to host website and click on OK.

Now your website is ready to access. For access, your sites go to URL and just enter your machine's IP
Address

Congratulations! Finally, we have Successfully Host Website on our Windows Server 2016 using IIS. In
next Part, we will see How to Create FTP server on Windows Server 2016.

CONFIGURE FTP SERVER

Now we'll move forward and see How to Configure FTP Server using IIS in Windows Server 2016. So Let's
Get Started. For Configure FTP Server on IIS, IIS role should be installed on your Machine. We have
already Install IIS Role on Windows Server 2016.Now follow the below steps to create FTP Server on
Windows Server 2016.

Configure FTP Server on Windows Server 2016

Step 1. First, Open IIS (Internet Information Services) Manager. To do so, Open your Windows Server
and open Server Manager console > Tools > click on Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.

Step 2. A New window of Internet Information Services Manager will open. Expand Computer Name >
Right Click on Add FTP Site...

Step 3. A New Windows will open. Enter the FTP Server Name in FTP Site Name field, Browse the
physical path where your files are stored. Clients will browse this folder to access the content. Click on
Next.

Step 4. Select the IP Address from the IP Address List., Select the Check Box of Start FTP site
automatically. If you want to select SSL then you have to provide the SSL certificate. Click on Next.

Step 5. Under Authentication Select Anonymous and Basic. In Authorization Section Select All users from
the drop-down list and select Read and write according to your need .and click on Finish.

24
Step 6. Now you can browse FTP server from the client machine. To access FTP Server type the IP
address of the server on the browser (like ftp://192.1681.10). You can access FTP Server like this shown
in the screenshot.

Go to C:/inetpub/ftproot to paste the files and folders so that clients can access these.

Congratulations! Finally, we have successfully created FTP server using IIS on Windows Server 2016. In
next Part, we will see How to Create Windows Server Backup Windows Server 2016.

HOW TO INSTALL AND CONFIGURE WINDOWS SERVER BACKUP

Now we'll move forward and see How to Install and configure Windows Server backup on Windows
Server 2016. So Let's Get Started.

As the name suggests it is used for Backup and Restore. Windows Server Backup is a feature in Windows
Server environment that use for backup and restore of Windows Server. Using Windows Server Backup
we can create full server backup, backup of the system state, selected storage volumes backups. This
feature was firstly introduced in Windows Server 2008.Earlier it is known as NTBackup and after that, it
was replaced with Windows Server Backup. Before we configure the backups, we have to install the
Windows Server Backup feature from Server Console.

Installation of Windows Server Backup Feature on Windows Server 2016

Step 1. Open your Server Machine and open Server Manager console and Click on Add Roles and
Features.

Step 2. Now in this Window, Select the Role-based or feature-based installation option and click on
Next.

Step 3. Now we have to Select the Server, just Select the Server from the Server pool. and click on Next.

Step 4. On the Server Roles Window Click on Next.

Step 5. On the Features Window, Check the Windows Server Backup Role and simply Click on Next.

Step 6. Now you will see a window which confirms the Installation Selections. Click on Install.

Step 7. Wait for the installation bar to complete, after that the Installation of Windows Server Backup
role is completed on your Server. Click on Close.

Configuration of Windows Server Backup

Step 1. First, Open Windows Server Backup. To do so, Open your Windows Server and open Server
Manager console > Tools > click on Windows Server Backup.

Step 2. On the Right-hand Panel, you can see Actions Menu, from that Select Backup Schedule.

Step 3. The wizard will open, read and click on Next.

25
Step 4. Here you have to select which type of backup you want. Select Full Server if you want to backup
all data of the Server, If you want to backup a specific volume then Select Custom and then select a
Volume. Click on Next.

Step 5. In Next Window, you have to select the time that at what time the backup will start. Select the
time and Click on Next.

Step 6. Here we have to specify Destination Type, choose where you’d like to backup your data and then
click on the Next button. I am Selecting Back up to a shared network folder.

Step 7. In the Next screen give the remotely shared folder path where you want to backup your data.
Click on Next.

Click Finish, on the Confirmation screen to save your backup schedule and click Close to exit.

Congratulations! Finally, we have Successfully Installed and configured Windows Server Backup on
Windows Server 2016.

26
 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

WHAT IS WINDOWS SERVER?

ANSWER

A series of server operating systems developed by Microsoft Corporation. Windows servers are more
powerful versions of their desktop operating system counterparts and are designed to more efficiently
handle corporate networking, Internet/intranet hosting, databases, enterprise-scale messaging and
similar functions.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENT ROLE IN WINDOWS SERVER?

ANSWER

The following are the different roles available in Windows server -

 Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS)

 Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS)

 Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)

 Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (ADLDS)

 Active Directory Rights Management Services (ADRMS)

 Application Server

 DHCP Server

 DNS Server

 FAX Server

 File and Storage Services

 Hyper-V

 Print and Document Services

 Network Policy and Access Services

 Remote Access

 Remote Desktop Services

27
  Volume Activation Services

 Web Server (IIS)

 Windows Deployment Services (WDS)

 Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)

WHAT IS A SERVER MANAGEMENT?

ANSWER

It is utility tool in Windows Servers for the administrator for managing servers roles (like adding or
removing server roles.

WHAT IS THE PORT NUMBER OF FOR FTP, Telnet, SWTP, DNS and DHCP?

ANSWER

 Ftp - 21

 Dns - 53

 Dhcp - 68,69

 Smtp - 25

 Telnet - 23

WHAT IS WORKGROUP AND DOMAIN?

ANSWER

Computers on a network can be part of a workgroup or a domain

Workgroup - is Microsoft's term for peer-to-peer local area network.

Domain - is used client and server connectivity.

WHAT IS ACTIVE DIRECTORY?

ANSWER

Active Directory allows network administrators to create and manage domains, users, and objects within
a network. For example, an admin can create a group of users and give them specific access privileges to
certain directories on the server. As a network grows, Active Directory provides a way to organize a large
number of users into logical groups and subgroups, while providing access control at each level.

WHAT IS ACTIVE DIRECTORY DOMAIN CONTROLLER?

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ANSWER

A Windows domain is a form of a computer network in which all user accounts, computers, printers and
other security principals, are registered with a central database located on one or more clusters of
central computers known as domain controllers. Authentication takes place on domain controllers.

WHAT IS SCHEMA?

ANSWER

Active directory schema is the set of definitions that define the kinds of object and the type of
information about those objects that can be stored in Active Directory

Active directory schema is Collection of object class and there attributes.

Object Class = User

Attributes = first name, last name, email, and others

WHAT IS GROUP POLICY OBJECT (GPO)?

ANSWER

Group policy object (GPO) is a collection of group policy settings. It can be created using a Windows
utility known as the Group Policy snap-in. GPO affects the user and computer accounts located in sites,
domains, and organizational units (OUs). The Windows 2000/2003 operating systems support two types
of GPOs, local and non-local (Active Directory-based) GPOs.

WHAT DO FOREST, TREE AND DOMAIN MEAN?

ANSWER

Domain, tree and forest are a logical structure in Active Directory.

 Domain - A domain is a collection of computers, users, and objects which share common AD and
has trust relationships.

 Tree - A tree collection of one or more domain.

 Forest - The forest is the top of the Active Directory structure. It is consists of multiple trees
which share a common global catalog.

LIST THE ACTIVE DIRECTORY DATABASE

ANSWER

 EDB.Log

 EDB.che

 Res.log and Res2.log

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All AD changes didn’t write directly to NTDS.DIT database file, first write to EDB.Log and from log file to
database, EDB.Che used to track the database update from log file, to know what changes are copied to
database file.

NTDS.DIT: NTDS.DIT is the AD database and store all AD objects, Default location is the %system root
%nrdsnrds.dit, Active Directory database engine is the extensible storage engine which us based on the
Jet database

EDB.Log: EDB.Log is the transaction log file when EDB. Log is full, it is renamed to EDB Num.log where
num is the increasing number starting from 1, like EDB1.Log

EDB.Che: EDB.Che is the checkpoint file used to trace the data not yet written to database file this
indicate the starting point from which data is to be recovered from the log file in case if failure

Res1.log and Res2.log: Res is reserved transaction log file which provide the transaction log file enough
time to shutdown if the disk didn’t have enough space.

EXPLAIN TH PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE DOMAIN CONTROLLER

ANSWER

Primary function of the domain controller is to validate users to the networks, it also provide a catalog
of Active Directory Objects.

WHAT ARE ALL THE ACTIVIVE DIRECTIVE PARTITION?

ANSWER

These all are the active Directory Partitions -

 Schema Partition

 Configuration Partition

 Domain Partition

 Application partition

EXPLAIN SYSVOL?

ANSWER

It is a set of files and folders that is stored on the local hard disk of each domain controller in a domain
and are replicated by the FRS ( File Replication Service). These files contain group or user policy
information.

WHAT IS DNS?

ANSWER

Domain Naming System (DNS) resolves IP address to the hostname(domain) and hostname(domain
name) to IP address.
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WHAT IS nslookup?

ANSWER

nslookup is a network administration command-line tool available for many computer operating
systems for querying the Domain Name System to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or for any
other specific DNS record.

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF DNS QUERIES?

ANSWER

Queries can be classified into these following categories:

 Inverse – Receiving the name from the IP address. These are used by servers as a security check.

 Iterative – Server gives its best answer. This type of inquiry is sent from one server to another.

 Recursive – Cannot indicate the query to another name server.

WHAT IS REVERSE LOOKUP ZONE AND FORWARD LOOKUP ZONE?

ANSWER

 Reverse Lookup Zone: - It returns the fully qualified domain name of a host based on its IP
address.

 Forward Lookup Zone: - it returns IP address that corresponds to a fully qualified domain name.

EXPLAIN IN WINDOWS DNS SERVER WHAT IS PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND STUBZONE?

ANSWER

 Primary Zone - In this, the file is saved as normal text file with filename (.dns).

 Secondary Zone - It maintains a read-only copy of zone database on another DNS server. Also, it
acts as a back-up server to the primary server by providing fault tolerance and load balancing

 Stub Zone - It consists of a copy of name server and SOA records which is used for reducing the
DNS search orders.

EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF DEPLOYING LOCAL DNS SREVER?

ANSWER

A local DNS server provides the local mapping of fully qualified domain names to IP addresses. To
resolve remote requests related to the domains names on your network, local DNS servers can provide
record information to remote DNS servers.

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF STUB ZONE DNS?

ANSWER

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The copy of a zone that has only the needed resources for finding the authoritative DNS servers in that
specific zone (DNS= Domain Name Servers) is called a Stub zone. It also resolves names for DNS
namespaces, thing required when names must be resolved from two different DNS namespaces. The
Stub zone contains: the master server’s IP that is used for updating the Stub zone and the SOA (Start of
Authority), the NS (name server) and the glue A delegated zone records.

EXPLAIN THE WAYS TO CONFIGURE THR DHCP SERVER SUCH THAT IT ALLOCATE THE SAME IP
ADDRESS TO CERTAIN DEVICE EACH TIME THE ADRESS ID REMOVE?

ANSWER

To configure the DHCP server, you can create a reservation for the device. To create a reservation, you
must know the MAC hardware address of the device. To determine the MAC address for a network
device you can use the ipconfig or nbstat command line utilities.

WHAT IS DORA PROCESS?

ANSWER

DORA stands for

 Discover:-The client broadcasts a request for a DHCP server.

 Offer:-DHCP servers on the network offer an address to the client.

 Request:-The client broadcasts a request to lease an address from one of the offering DHCP
servers.

 Acknowledgement:-The DHCP server that the client responds to acknowledges the client,
assigns it any configured DHCP options, and updates its DHCP database. The client then
initializes and binds its TCP/IP protocol stack and can begin network communication.

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF DHCP AND WHAT IS THE PORT USED BY IT TO WORK?

ANSWER

DHCP or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol has the ability to assign an IP automatically, this is done in
fact by the server and has a number range. When the system starts an IP is assigned automatically. The
DHCP server has port number 68, while the client has 67.

WHAT IS LDAP?

ANSWER

To look up for the information from the server, e-mail and another program follows or uses the internet
protocol. This protocol is referred as LDAP or Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.

EXPLAIN ABOUT Hyper-V

ANSWER

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Hyper-V is Microsoft’s virtualization tool for creating multiple virtual machines on a single physical
server, thus reducing the cost of hardware and improving efficiency.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF FSMO ROLES?

ANSWER

The are five FSMO roles:

 Primary Domain Controller (PDC)

 Infrastructure master

 Relative ID (RID) master

 Schema master

 Domain naming master

WHAT IS WDS?

ANSWER

Windows Deployment Services helps for installing Windows operating system(OS) remotely over the
network

EXPLAIN WHAT RAID IN WINDOWS SERVER?

ANSWER

For storing same data at a different place RAID or Redundant Array of Independent Disks strategy is
used. It is a strategy for building fault tolerance and increase the storage capacity. On separate drives it
allows you to combine one or more volumes so that they are accessed by a single drive letter.

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PROXY SERVER?

ANSWER

A proxy server is a computer that acts as an intermediary between a local network and a larger-scale
network such as the Internet. Proxy servers provide increased performance and security. In some cases,
they monitor employees’ use of outside resources. A proxy server is associated with or part of a gateway
server that separates the enterprise network from the outside network and a firewall server that
protects the enterprise network from outside intrusion.

WHAT IS WSUS?

ANSWER

Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) is developed by Microsoft to manage the distribution of
updates in Windows environment.

WHAT IS WINDOWS SERVER BACKUP?

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ANSWER

Windows Server Backup is a feature released for the Windows 2008 that provides a number of solutions
on backing up the data on your computer in case of a system failure or any other issue. Windows Server
Backup can backup a few files to a whole server. The server backup is accessible through command lines
and a management console.

WHAT IS WINDOWS POWERSHELL?

ANSWER

Windows PowerShell is Command-Line Shell developed by Microsoft. The main purpose of the
PowerShell is to automate administrative tasks which work both local and remote windows machines.
PowerShell is built on .NET Framework.

WHAT IS FTP?

ANSWER

FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. As the name suggests, FTP is used to transfer files between
computers on a network.

WHAT IS Windows PowerShell?

ANSWER

A Windows PowerShell is a group of servers that work together to maintain high availability of
applications and services. If one of the servers, or nodes, fails, another node in the cluster can take over
its workload without any downtime (this process is known as failover).

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