Climate action

and ISO standards

iso.org/cop28
2 Climate action and ISO standards
Contents

International Standards accelerate

climate action 4
Meaningful action requires cohesion
between planning, acting and
reporting of climate initiatives 10
International Standards support
climate policy implementation 13
International Standards provide
recognition and accountability 16
References 20

Freely available resource Success story Call to action

Climate action and ISO standards 3

 Key message

International Standards
accelerate climate action
Trusted International Standards help accelerate climate commitments into
action. The wide-scale adoption of climate-related standards will help
organizations adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

ISO and its members are committed to climate action

ISO and its member national standards bodies are committed to aligning
International Standards with climate action. ISO has formalized this
commitment through a resolution approved by its General Assembly in
September 2021 (see London Declaration).
→ ISO equips standards developers with useful tools and frameworks for
integrating climate change considerations into the planning, drafting,
revision and updating of ISO standards and other deliverables.
→ ISO’s world-renowned management system standards (MSS) are
being harmonized so that each one is reviewed in line with climate
considerations. Priority standards in energy, transport and building &
construction are being reviewed with the support of climate-science
advisors.

Freely available resource: ISO Guide 84 Guidelines for addressing climate

change in standards, provides a comprehensive overview of how to
assess the potential impacts of climate change and integrate these
considerations into the development of standards.

4 Climate action and ISO standards

ISO and its members are committed to working with those most affected
by climate change to ensure ISO standards are used everywhere and are
implemented effectively into the national context.
→ Through its Action Plan for developing countries, ISO offers a wide
range of capacity building activities and tools to support the wider
participation of developing countries in the development of climate-
aligned standards.
→ ISO helps to build knowledge and expertise on key climate topics (e.g.
circular economy, clean energy transition) so that developing economies
can benefit fully from the use of ISO standards, particularly those relating
to climate change and trade.

Freely available resource: Through best practice and success stories,

ISO’s Climate action toolkit for ISO members is designed to support
national standards bodies in their advocacy efforts with policymakers
and regulatory bodies.

Standards support the decarbonization of heavy industries

To effectively tackle the climate crisis and reach the world’s net-zero emissions
targets, it is imperative to accelerate the decarbonization of energy-intensive
industries. The pathway to industrial decarbonization is supported by ISO’s
portfolio on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
→ The ISO 14064 series of standards provides businesses and
organizations with the guidance and tools to effectively monitor, validate
and verify their GHG emissions to better manage and control them.
•  ince its introduction in 2006, many government bodies, at the
S
country and local levels, have mandated its use for the assessment
and verification of GHG emissions within emissions trading schemes.
→ Using a recognized GHG accounting standard ensures consistency and
comparability of emissions data and creates a baseline inventory for
future tracking and reporting.

Climate action and ISO standards 5

 → ISO also supports climate neutrality strategies for factories from
energy-intensive industries through its ISO 19694 series on stationary
sources of emission. This multi-part standard sets out the framework
for determining the energy sources specific to each sector as well as
harmonized methodologies for quantifying and monitoring greenhouse
gas emissions.
→ ISO is introducing a new standard for carbon neutrality (ISO 14068) as a
transition to net zero which sets a robust framework for measuring and
achieving carbon neutrality, promoting transparency and accountability
in the fight against climate change.
→ While standards exist to cover different aspects of a climate initiative,
conformity assessment provides assurance that their specifications are
being met. By offering a comprehensive set of tools and methodologies,
the ISO CASCO Toolbox supports a common approach to conformity
assessment activities.

Freely available resource: The ISO Net Zero Guidelines sets out
a definition of net zero and related terms, high-level principles,
actionable guidance on how to contribute to the global net-zero target,
recommendations on transparent communication, credible claims and
consistent reporting. Find out more at iso.org/netzero.

Success story

A 2017 study by the Rwanda Environment Management Authority showed that

vehicle emissions are the biggest contributor to poor air quality in Rwanda’s
cities. This prompted the government to launch a nationwide initiative
aimed at reducing vehicle carbon emissions as part of the country’s broader
efforts to promote a carbon-neutral economy. Inspired by ISO’s standards on
greenhouse gas management, the Rwanda Standards Board, ISO member for
the country, published standards for air quality and emissions limits for road
vehicles as well as automotive fuels equivalent to Euro 4. Those standards
serve as benchmarks for the control of air pollution, testing and inspection of
vehicle emissions with a view to protecting the environment, health and safety
of the Rwandan population (see References section for more details).

6 Climate action and ISO standards

Standards support a just energy transition
Increasing energy efficiency and the use of renewables is key to meeting
the world’s energy demands while contributing to global targets to reduce
carbon emissions.

Hydrogen holds immense potential as a clean fuel for the global

energy transition. ISO is developing standards for hydrogen through
its technical committee on hydrogen technologies (ISO/TC 197). These
include creating harmonized standards for safety, interoperability
and sustainability across the hydrogen value chain. A new technical
specification (ISO/TS 19870) will be unveiled during COP28.
ISO standards offer the means to reduce energy consumption and cost, and
demonstrate a strong commitment to sustainability. For organizations, this
gives a competitive advantage by enabling the development of products and
services that are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
→ International Standards help organizations in all sectors:
•  evelop an energy management system and optimize their energy
d
use for enhanced efficiency (ISO 50001).
• improve their environmental performance in areas such as
increased resource efficiency and waste reduction. This gives them
a competitive advantage and instils trust among stakeholders.
• implement innovative technologies – such as carbon capture and
storage – for increased energy efficiency (ISO/TC 265).
→ International Standards provide indicators to measure, analyse and
verify energy performance, as well as methodologies for the calculation
of energy savings in projects, organizations and regions (ISO/TC 301).
•  or example, the ISO 52000 series provides the tools and framework
F
to make buildings more energy-efficient, covering everything from
the design of the whole building to its individual construction materials.
→ Over 50 International Standards support the implementation of solar
energy systems and biofuels; these include standards for performance
ratings and test methods, solar heating, solar panels and solid biofuels.
→ Check out the ISO Net Zero Guidelines which point to ISO standards
that support GHG quantification and verification, like the recently
published ISO/PAS 50010, which gives guidance on the use of an energy
management system in accordance with ISO 50001:2018.

Climate action and ISO standards 7

 Success story

In accordance with the Law on Climate Change and Energy Transition, the
Spanish government recognized the need to promote renewable gas as a
valuable resource for decarbonizing the economy. Collaborating closely
with the Spanish association for standardization, UNE, ISO’s member for the
country, set to work on a regulatory framework aimed at standardizing the
guarantee of origin (GO) for biomethane at the national level. Based on a
European standard, the specification outlines the basic requirements for a
GO for biomethane from any raw material or process prior to its injection into
the gas network. This mechanism supports the introduction of renewable
gas in Spain, where its use is not as widespread as in other EU countries (see
References section for more details).

Standards support climate change adaptation

International Standards give organizations the tools and guidance to better
understand how current and future climate conditions could affect
them. They empower organizations to put in place measures for effective
adaptation to the challenges posed by climate change (ISO 1409x series).
→ International Standards provide:
•  robust framework for helping organizations understand the
a
impacts and uncertainties of climate change, and how these can be
used to inform decision making (ISO 14090).
•  uidance to organizations for assessing the risks related to the
g
potential impacts of climate change (ISO 14091).
• local governments and communities with a structured approach
for defining an organization’s climate vulnerability and adaptive
capacity in line with the national adaptation plan (ISO/TS 14092).

8 Climate action and ISO standards

→ Whether natural or induced by human activity, disruptions and disasters
are some of humanity’s biggest concerns today, destroying entire
communities in their wake. Amid these and other escalating climate
risks, ISO’s technical committee on security and resilience (ISO/TC 292)
is working to establish a framework that will meet communities’ future
needs and demands for standards in this area, contributing to a safer,
more resilient society.

Success story

Canada’s North is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and

keeping local communities safe and resilient has become the country’s highest
priority. Since 2011, SCC, the ISO member for Canada, has been working
with community representatives, standards development organizations and
experts across northern Canada to develop standards that help address the
impact of climate change on buildings and infrastructure in the Canadian
North. Developed under the Northern Infrastructure Standardization Initiative
(NISI), these standards help building owners and operators design, build and
maintain infrastructure in a changing climate (see References section for more
details).

Organizations should use International Standards to help turn their

climate plans and commitments into effective action.

Climate action and ISO standards 9

 Key message

Meaningful action
requires cohesion
between planning, acting
and reporting of climate
initiatives
Harmonizing, aligning and demystifying the complex international system of
regulation, frameworks and standards can help policymakers and organizations
accelerate change and transform commitments into effective action.

Fostering strategic partnerships is key to effective

climate action
Greater integration between disclosure frameworks, and existing
methodology and management system standards will help raise climate
ambitions and support effective climate action through all phases: planning,
acting, and reporting. ISO is committed to working with reporting,
disclosure and other standards bodies.
Harmonization and alignment across the standards ecosystem accelerates
the achievement of the Paris Agreement, the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) and the United Nations Call for Action on
Adaptation and Resilience.
→ In September 2023, ISO and UNDP signed a landmark Statement of
Intent, signaling their commitment to the role of International Standards
in addressing global development challenges. The two organizations are
collaborating on the prospective development of the first international
standard for the SDGs - based on UNDP’s SDG Impact Standards and
relevant ISO standards.

10 Climate action and ISO standards

→ In 2023, ISO joined the Impact Management Platform, a collaboration
between the leading providers of international public good standards,
frameworks and guidance for managing impact. This coalition aims to
clarify and build consensus on the meaning and practice of impact
management, work towards a complete and coherent system of
impact management resources and have coordinated dialogue with
policymakers.
→ ISO responded to UNFCCC’s consultation to help inform the Net Zero
Recognition and Accountability Framework and Implementation Plan.
The main objective of the consultation is to ensure greater recognition
and accountability for climate actions by ‘non-state’ actors.

Why partner with ISO

→ Bringing together national standards bodies from 169 countries, ISO
provides a neutral, transparent and inclusive platform on which
meaningful multi-sector partnerships can be built.
→ ISO brings together experts from business, industry, government, NGOs,
consumer groups, academia and research to share knowledge and
develop consensus-based, market-relevant International Standards that
provide solutions to global challenges.
→ ISO has always taken a collaborative approach to developing and
drafting standards. This results in a process that transcends national
borders while providing economic, environmental and social benefits.
→ Policymakers are invited to engage in the International Standards
development process so they can stay informed of, and take part in, the
development of climate-aligned standards. This also helps ensure that
International Standards complement governments’ climate action efforts.

Reporting, disclosure and standards bodies should collaborate to

ensure cohesion so that organizations and policymakers can plan, act
and report on their climate initiatives.

Climate action and ISO standards 11

 Success story

Launched at COP27, the ISO Net Zero Guidelines are the result of a multi-
stakeholder collaboration between ISO, the UNFCCC Global Innovation Hub
and the UN Race to Zero. Convened by BSI, ISO’s member in the UK, the
project began with an open call for interested parties to provide greater clarity
and consistency around the “net zero” concept. Climate action stakeholders
from over a hundred countries contributed to the development of these
guidelines.

12 Climate action and ISO standards

 Key message

International Standards
support climate policy
implementation
International Standards are reliable tools for regulators to use in reaching
national and international climate action targets. International Standards can
play a valuable role in supporting national and international climate policy,
particularly in terms of mitigation, adaptation and financing.

Standards are consensus-based

International Standards respond to market needs and are informed by global
expert opinion through a multi-stakeholder consensus-based process.
→ International Standards provide climate solutions that have the buy-in
of many stakeholder groups. This can help guarantee a high level of
acceptance for inclusion in public policy and legislation.
→ Regulators rely on ISO standards for internationally harmonized
solutions that are continually reviewed and improved. These provide a
solid technical base that governments can use to achieve their national
and international climate objectives and commitments.

Standards are cost-effective

Rather than duplicating efforts to develop national standards, policymakers
can leverage existing trusted international climate-aligned standards to
save time, money and effort.
→ International Standards reflect the latest technical development, so
regulators can rely on recognized solutions to support their public
policies.

Climate action and ISO standards 13

 → Standards are used to establish the technical details, allowing the
legislation to concentrate on long-term policy objectives – for example
product safety or environmental protection.
→ International Standards that support climate action are already widely
adopted by businesses.
→ The widespread adoption and global endorsement of International
Standards by regulators position them as unifying benchmarks and
contribute to compliance with obligations under the World Trade
Organization's (WTO) Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) agreement.

ISO 14001 Environmental management systems

Used by

529 853
organizations

across
To assess, 39 sectors
monitor and
validate climate in

impacts 179 countries

Standards lay down a common foundation for global action

International Standards establish a solid foundation for global climate action,
setting international benchmarks to enhance the impact of any global
initiatives. ISO is committed to ensuring that countries worldwide share a
common language for addressing climate change and tracking its progress.
→ International Standards establish a universally accepted, verifiable and
comparable way of implementing climate action to accurately measure
progress in the fight against climate change.

14 Climate action and ISO standards

→ The ISO Net Zero Guidelines enable a common global approach
to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. It aims to clarify
the “net zero” concept and lay the foundation for accountability
mechanisms and consistent reporting.
→ In collaboration with IEC, ISO has established a robust system
of conformity assessment that plays a pivotal role in preventing
greenwashing. This system offers a methodical framework for
verifying that products and services meet their claimed environmental
and sustainability commitments (ISO/IEC CASCO toolkit).

Freely available resource: In its toolkit for public policy, ISO offers a set of
resources to help policymakers understand how International Standards
can be used to support policy initiatives.
→ Visit ISO’s dedicated policy website at policy.iso.org

Success story

Standards are a prominent feature of the UK government’s new transport

decarbonization plan. Published in 2021, “Decarbonising Transport: A Better,
Greener Britain” sets out the country’s ambitious pathway to net-zero
transport that will deliver green jobs and make cities cleaner, quieter and
healthier to live in. As part of this Plan, the British Standards Institution (BSI),
ISO’s member for the UK, has been coordinating a multi-stakeholder approach
to develop a portfolio of standards that can be used in policies and regulation
to encourage minimum best practices. Since its unveiling, the Plan has made
good progress, ensuring that access to more sustainable forms of travel
and its supporting infrastructure are constantly expanding (see References
section for more details).

Policymakers and regulators should integrate International Standards

into their processes and identify which International Standards are
needed to fill climate action gaps.

Climate action and ISO standards 15

 Key message

International Standards
provide recognition and
accountability
The ISO system provides the most extensive and readily available platform
to allow economic actors to implement and certify both voluntary and
mandatory non-financial disclosures.
ISO’s due process helps prevent “sustainability washing”, it underpins the
credibility and integrity of sustainable finance activities, and guides both
companies and investors to better integrate sustainability considerations into
their operations.

Standards accelerate sustainability, non-financial disclosure

Representation
→ ISO is a valuable partner for non-financial disclosure, ensuring global
and multi-sectoral representation: it brings together 169 national
members and over 760 technical committees exhibiting the broadest
and most inclusive stakeholder base.
Readiness
→ The existing portfolio of climate-related standards provides a set of
guidelines and tools that can be used as indicators to validate non-
financial disclosure, including the most intensive reporting endeavours,
such as “Scope 3”.
• International Standards help organizations determine and
communicate the costs and benefits associated with their
environmental aspects, impacts and dependencies on natural
resources (ISO 14007).
• International Standards provide a structured framework for
assessing, measuring, monitoring and reporting on investments and
financing activities in relation to climate change and the transition
into a low-carbon economy (ISO 14097).

16 Climate action and ISO standards

→ The ISO Committee on conformity assessment (CASCO) is responsible
for developing policy and standards for conformity assessment.
This helps to create coherence, trust and accountability related to
non-financial disclosure. Currently in the making, ISO 14019 defines
the fundamental principles and criteria for validating and verifying
sustainability information, including both voluntary and mandatory
disclosure. The four-part series will also serve as the basis for validation
and verification activities supporting a range of conformity assessment
schemes.
Reach
→ ISO’s standards portfolio covers all areas of sustainability reporting.
It provides a one-stop-shop of solutions for implementing disclosure
regulations and certifying them.
→ ISO’s conformity assessment ecosystem facilitates widespread support
for non-financial disclosures at the regional and local levels, particularly
benefiting SMEs and developing countries.
Cost advantage
→ The combination of ISO’s standards and conformity assessment
ecosystem enables the implementation of sustainability disclosures
with a significant cost advantage, as compared to incumbent financial
auditors, leading to broader adoption and inclusivity. This makes non-
financial disclosure accessible to a greater number of companies and
countries.
Future-proof
→ ISO’s standardization work already supports the most ambitious
disclosures on nature and externalities including plastics and waste
management.
→ Non-financial disclosure standards include elements of “future plans
and projections” on sustainability, supporting pledges, implementation
and verification. In this area ISO CASCO toolkit already brings a widely
adopted, turn-key solution.

Climate action and ISO standards 17

 Standards help ensure compliance
In a world where transparency and accountability are the foundation
of corporate responsibility, neglecting compliance policies can expose
companies to legal risks and potential litigation. By bringing ISO standards
into the conversation around sustainability, business leaders can better plan
their journey to a more sustainable and competitive future.
→ Adopting a coherent sustainability strategy based on international
standards ensures that management policies and procedures will
meet internationally recognized expectations for quality, safety,
transparency, accountability and continuous improvement. Some well-
known ISO standards relating to sustainability are ISO 9001 (quality), ISO
14001 (environment), ISO 45001 (workplace health and safety) and ISO
50001 (energy).
→ Today’s regulatory focus on sustainability disclosure will require much
more accuracy and thoroughness in data provision. By adhering to
ISO 37301 on compliance management systems, organizations can
uphold the most ambitious sustainability disclosure standards while
strengthening their competitive edge in their respective marketplaces.

Standards support sustainable finance

Tackling climate change, poverty and inequality requires an innovative
financial system. International Standards are essential for mobilizing finance
globally to address these environmental and social imperatives and ensure
future prosperity.
→ ISO publishes a broad set of standards enabling the implementation of
sustainability disclosure, to ease the transition towards a sustainable
economy. These will help to underpin and catalyse sustainable finance
by providing structure, transparency and credibility for investments in
environmental projects and programmes.
→ International Standards provide a better understanding of sustainable
finance activities. This, in turn, facilitates the development of sustainable
financial products and related services such as third-party verifications.
→ Standardized metrics improve the transparency of sustainable finance
flows and the performance of sustainable finance activities, financial
institutions and markets.

18 Climate action and ISO standards

ISO standards for sustainable finance:
→ ISO 32210 (sustainable finance) gives organizations guidance on how to
apply overarching sustainability principles, practices and terminology
for financing activities. It helps build market confidence, provide
credibility and embed sustainability across organizations.
→ ISO 14093 (financing local climate adaptation) provides a framework
for financing local adaptation to climate change through performance-
based climate resilience grants.
→ ISO 14008 (monetary valuation of environmental impacts) provides
methods for valuing environmental aspects and impacts, supplying
crucial data that feeds into cost-benefit analyses for different
environmental options. It assists policymakers in formulating policies
(e.g. green taxes, compensation mechanisms or subsidies) by taking
into account the present and future valuation of environmental damage.
This standard also serves as a vital tool for today’s growing field of
disclosure and reporting.
→ International Standards help eliminate confusion and greenwashing,
improving confidence in the market. For example, ISO 14030-2
(environmental performance evaluation) provides an internationally
agreed roadmap for issuing green bonds and originating green loans.

Organizations should verify and validate their sustainability claims based

on International Standards to assure the credibility and accountability of
their actions.

Climate action and ISO standards 19

References
Links Success stories
ISO at COP28 RSB: Reducing vehicle emissions through
https://www.iso.org/cop28 standards in Rwanda
https://go.iso.org/case-study-rsb
ISO Climate Action Kit
https://www.iso.org/ClimateAction.html SCC: CarbonCure: Recycling CO2 to make greener
concrete in Canada
ISO dedicated policy website https://go.iso.org/case-study-scc-2
https://policy.iso.org
SCC: Fighting floods in Canada’s North
https://go.iso.org/case-study-scc-1
ISO publications and resources
UNE: Decarbonizing the Spanish power sector with
ISO/IEC CASCO toolbox renewable gas
https://casco.iso.org/toolbox.html https://go.iso.org/case-study-une
Climate action toolkit for ISO members, 2023 BSI: Standards supporting UK ambitions to net zero
https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100477.html https://go.iso.org/case-study-bsi
Climate action toolkit: case studies, 2023
https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100478.html

Standards and public policy: A toolkit for national

standards bodies, 2023
https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100476.html

ISO Action Plan for developing countries

2021-2025
https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100374.html

ISO Net Zero Guidelines, 2022

https://www.iso.org/netzero

ISO Guide 84:2020, Guidelines for addressing

climate change in standards
https://www.iso.org/standard/72496.html

Climate change mitigation, 2019

https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100271.html

Climate change adaptation, 2020

https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100449.html

Green and sustainable finance, 2022

https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100458.html

ISO and energy, 2018

https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100320.html

ISO and climate change, 2018

https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100067.html

Introduction to ISO 14001:2015

https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100371.html

20 Climate action and ISO standards

Notes

Climate action and ISO standards 21

 Let’s collaborate to
accelerate climate action
→ Climate experts interested in getting involved in
standards development are invited to contact their
national standards body (NSB). The list of NSBs is
available here: https://www.iso.org/members
→ International organizations interested in exploring
partnerships with ISO are invited to contact our
Strategic Partnerships team at partnerships@iso.org.

22 Climate action and ISO standards

About ISO

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

is an independent, non-governmental international
organization with a membership of 169* national
standards bodies. Through its members, it brings
together experts to share knowledge and develop
voluntary, consensus-based, market-relevant
International Standards that support innovation and
provide solutions to global challenges.
ISO has published more than 25 000* International
Standards and related documents covering almost
every industry, from technology to food safety, to
agriculture and healthcare.
For more information, please visit www.iso.org.
*October 2023

ISO Website: www.iso.org

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Climate action and ISO standards 23

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