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    Connective T Interactive Part 1

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    anasareef1111

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    Connective T Interactive Part 1

    Uploaded by

    anasareef1111
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    Connective T Interactive part 1

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    3 views37 pages

    Connective T Interactive Part 1

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     Connective Tissue

     By Dr. Marwa Mohamed


    Pretest on pre-reading material:

    What is the importance of C.T?


    Mention main components of C.T?
    Definition
    It is one of the four basic types of body tissues that
    widely distributed in body connecting to form organs
    other tissues everywhere in the body
    GENERAL FUNCTIONS
    - Connects and binds cells and organs.
    - Gives mechanical (Physical support) to tissues and
    organs.(Matrix)
    - Protects against infection.
    - Medium(Metabolic support) for metabolites exchange
    between blood and tissues(interstitial fluid)
    - Stores fat and certain minerals.
    - Helps wound healing and tissue repair.
    Origin: All connective tissues originate from embryonic
    mesenchyme, a tissue developing mainly from the middle
    layer of the embryo, the mesoderm. Mesenchyme consists
    largely of viscous ground substance with few collagen fiber
    1- Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Cells (UMCs)
    They are unspecialized stem cells
    Site: present in large number in embryos.
    In adults are bone marrow
    LM: - Small star shaped branched cell.
    - Cytoplasm is pale basophilic ?????.
    - Nucleus is single, central oval or rounded and vesicular.
    EM: many free ribosomes and few other organelles
    Functions:
    1. Actively dividing cells acting as stem cells
    2. Can develop and differentiate to other types of C.T. cells.
    MEDICAL APPLICATION
    UMCs are multipotent stem cells potentially useful in
    regenerative medicine after grafting to replace damaged
    tissue in certain patients.
    2- Pericytes

    Origin: from UMCs. –


    Site: They surround blood capillaries.
    LM: - Small branched cell,
    - Cytoplasm is pale basophilic.
    - Nucleus is single, central oval or rounded and vesicular.
    EM: many free ribosomes/ few other organelles+ actin and myosin filaments
    Functions
    1. acting as adult mesenchymal stem
    2. They are contractile cells and control the diameter of capillaries
    (vasoconstriction)
    3. Fibroblast
    the key cells in connective tissue proper Fibroblasts & they are
    permanent residents(Fixed) of connective tissue.
    • Origin: UMC
    • Site: most common
    Fibroblasts are Fibroblast and fibrocyte represent two phases of the same
    cell. fibroblast represents the young active form while fibrocyte is the
    mature less active cell.
    Fibroblast (Young, Immature) Fibrocyte( Old, Mature)

    Many branches Spindle-shaped with few


    Fibroblast processes
    Deep basophilic cytoplasm Pale basophilic cytoplasm

    Large pale oval nucleus Small dark rounded nucleus


    Fibroblast Fibrocyte
    Well-developed rER Few organelles Few organelle
    Well-developed Golgi complex
    EM:
    Many mitochondria
    Euchromatic nucleus
    Fibroblast (Young, Immature) Heterochromatic nucleus
    Fibrocyte (Old, Mature)
    Fibroblast Fibrocyte
    1.Synthesis of C.T. fibers 1. Continuous slow turnover
    (collagen& elastic). of fibers and matrix.
    2. Synthesis of ground 2. Activated to fibroblast
    substance(GAGs, during healing.
    Proteoglycans&
    multiadhesive glycoproteins.
    Secretion of growth factors
    3. Healing of C.T
    Adipocyte (Fat Cell)

    • Origin: UMC.
    • Site: Adipose C.T.
    1. White: subcutaneous, perinephric.
    2. Brown: interscapular, mediastinal
    Unilocular Adipocyte Multilocular Adipocyte

    -Large and oval -Smaller and rounded


    -Single giant fat droplet. -Multiple small droplets.
    (Signet ring appearance) -Eccentric rounded nucleus
    LM:
    -Peripheral flat nucleus

    -Stained with Sudan III -Brown colored


    EM
    Unilocular Adipocyte Multilocular
    Adipocyte

    1. Abundant sER. 1. Less developed sER.


    2. Few filamentous 2. Many rounded mitochondria.
    mitochondria. 3. Multiple electron dense fat
    3. Single large electron dense droplets
    fat droplet.
    Functions:
    Unilocular Adipocyte Multilocular Adipocyte

    1. Synthesis and storage 1. Thermogenesis by


    of fat. action of thermogenin on
    2. Organ support. fat.
    3. Heat insulation.
    4. Endocrine function :
    leptin.
    5. Macrophage
    Origin: blood monocyte.
    Site: fixed (histocyte) &free lymphoid tissue, BM &lung
    LM:
    -Large irregular cell.
    - Basophilic granular cytoplasm.
    - Eccentric dark kidney- shaped nucleus.
    - Vital stains Indian ink (blue) trypan blue(black).
    EM:
    • Irregular shape.
    • Rich in lysosomes.
    • Prominent Golgi apparatus
    Functions:
    1. Phagocytic activity.
    2. Form multinucleated foreign body giant cell
    3. Antigen presenting cell (APC) .
    4. Destruction of old RBCs in liver & spleen.
    6. Plasma Cells
    Origin: B-lymphocyte.
    Site: lymphoid tissue.
    LM:
    • Large oval cell.
    • Deep basophilic cytoplasm
    (negative Golgi Image).
    • Eccentric spherical nucleus
    (Cart wheel/clock face).
    EM:
    • Well developed rER, Golgi and many mitochondria.
    • Elongated nucleus with abundant euchromatin.
    • NO secretory granules in the cytoplasm. Functions:
    - Synthesis &release immunoglobulins
    7. Mast Cells
    Origin: UMC
    • Site: near blood vessels and sub mucosal
    LM
    • Large oval cell.
    • cytoplasm Granular, dark basophilic.
    • nucleus Central rounded pale.
    • Metachromatic??? staining.by toluidine blue
    EM:
    • Well developed rER, Golgi and many mitochondria.
    • Numerous dense secretory granules in the cytoplasm.
    • Elongated nucleus with abundant euchromatin.
    Functions:
    Initiates allergic reaction by release chemical mediators
    1. Histamine……VD
    2. Heparin………Anticoagulation
    3. Leukotrienes ………Bronchospasm
    Post-test feed- back:

    •2 min question(s)
    •It can be the same pre-test questions If
    the student could not answer .
    Rap up and summery
    Pre-reading for next lecture

    •Readings assigned on your smartlearning


    platform:
    Open your E-text book Page : 1 to 11 of
    Connective tissue chapter
    Assignemnt

    • to be decided by the staff according to


    the available platform:e.g: essay (50 -100
    words) or Quiz from E-text ( short
    answered questions) or online quiz .
    •Imp hint : questions from E-text must be
    in the final written exam too.

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