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    The Emergency Storage

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    bwlhytrqyt054

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Emergency Storage

    Uploaded by

    bwlhytrqyt054
    5 views1 page

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    The emergency storage

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views1 page

    The Emergency Storage

    Uploaded by

    bwlhytrqyt054

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    The emergency storage, Vemer, can be taken as the average daily demand, in which case Vemer =

    250,000 * 600 = 150 * 106 L = 150,000 m3 The required volume, V, of the service reservoir is
    therefore given by V = Vpeak + Vfire + Vemer = 67, 500 + 20, 100 + 150, 000 = 237,600 m3 The
    service reservoir should be designed to store approximately 238,000 m3 of water. This large volume
    will require a ground storage tank (recall that the largest elevated-tank volume in the United States is
    15,520 m3), and it is interesting to note that most of the storage in the service reservoir is reserved
    for emergencies. EXAMPLE 3.5 A water-supply system is to be designed in an area where the
    minimum allowable pressure in the distribution system is 300 kPa. A hydraulic analysis of the
    distribution network under average-daily-demand conditions indicates that the head loss between
    the low-pressure service location, which has a pipeline elevation of 5.40 m, and the location of the
    elevated storage tank is 10.0 m. Under maximum-hourlydemand conditions, the head loss between
    the low-pressure service location and the elevated storage tank is 12.0 m. Determine the normal
    operating range for the water stored in the elevated tank. Solution Under average-daily-demand
    conditions, the elevation z0 of the hydraulic grade line (HGL) at the reservoir location is given by z0 =
    pmin γ + zmin + hL where pmin = 300 kPa, γ = 9.79 kN/m3, zmin = 5.40 m, and hL = 10.0 m, which
    yields z0 = 300 9.79 + 5.4 + 10.0 = 46.0 m Under maximum-hourly-demand conditions, the elevation
    z1 of the HGL at the service reservoir is given by z1 = 300 9.79 + 5.4 + 12.0 = 48.0 m Therefore, the
    operating range in the storage tank should be between elevations 46.0 m and 48.0 m. It is important
    to keep in mind that the best hydraulic location and most economical design are not always the
    deciding factors in the location of an elevated tank. In some cases, the only acceptable location will
    be in an industrial area or public park. In cases where public opinion is very strong, a water utility
    may have to construct ground-level storage, which is more aesthetically acceptable. 3.4 Performance
    Criteria for Water-Distribution Systems The primary functions of water-distribution systems are to:
    (1) meet the water demands of users while maintaining acceptable pressures in the system; (2)
    supply water for fire protection at specific locations within the system, while maintaining acceptable
    pressures for normal service throughout the remainder of the system; and (3) provide a sufficient
    level of redundancy to support a minimum level of reliable service during emergency conditions,
    such as an extended loss of power or a major water-main failure. Real-time operation of water-
    distribution systems is typically based on remote measurements of pressures and storage-tank water
    levels within the distribution system. The pressure and water-level data are typically transmitted to a
    central control facility via telemetry, and adjustments to the operation of the distribution system are
    made from the central facility by remote control of pumps and valves within the distribution system.
    These electronic control systems are generally called supervisory control and data acquisition
    (SCADA) systems. Operating criteria for service pressures and storage facilities are described below.

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