Forensic Syllabus

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology
(MAKAUT)
[Formerly Known as WBUT]
B.Sc. in Forensic Science
UGC – CBCS System Followed
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The Institute proposed the following courses:

Course Duration 3 Years (6 Semesters)
Course Value 120 CP (Credit Points)
Eligibility:
Passed Class XII from a recognized Board in science stream
Course Fees:

Semester / Year Total Course Fees (in INR.)
VI semesters / 3 years 1,33,350/-
Hostel Charges Extra (As per University Rules)
Note:
a) Academic Sessions Starts in August.

b) There are 2 semesters in each Academic Session. Semester I (August to November)
and Session II (January to April).
c) University examinations are usually held in May and December.
d) Each Semester has 17 (Seventeen) weeks of teaching.
e) Teaching is held from Monday to Friday every week.
f) The entire specialized stream may not be taught in every session.
g) Allotment of the specialized stream is restricted by student’s academic background
at Graduation Level.
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Credit Distribution Matrix
Bachelor of Forensic Science
First Semester Examination (Core Theory)
Paper Code Course Contents Marks Credit

L T P C
BSFS-101 Introduction to Forensic Science 100 4 1 2 7
BSFS-102 Crime, Criminology and Society 100 4 1 2 7
Total 200 8 0 4 14
Second Semester Examination (Core Theory)

L T P C
BSFS-201 Forensic Law 100 4 1 2 7
BSFS-202 Forensic Psychology 100 4 1 2 7
Total 200 8 0 4 14
Third Semester Examination (Core Theory)

L T P C
BSFS-301 Forensic Dermatoglyphics 100 4 0 2 6
BSFS-302 Technological Methods in Forensic Science 100 4 1 2 7
BSFS-303 Criminalistics 100 4 0 2 6
Total 300 12 0 6 19
Fourth Semester Examination (Core Theory)

L T P C
BSFS-401 Forensic Toxicology 100 4 1 2 7
BSFS-402 Forensic Chemistry 100 4 0 2 6
BSFS-403 Forensic Biology 100 4 0 2 6
Total 300 12 0 6 19
Fifth Semester Examination (Core Theory)

L T P C
BSFS-501 Questioned Documents 100 4 0 2 6
BSFS-502 Forensic Ballistics 100 4 0 2 6
Total 200 8 0 4 12
Sixth Semester Examination (Core Theory)

L T P C
BSFS-601 Forensic Medicine 100 4 0 2 6
BSFS-602 Forensic Anthropology 100 4 0 2 6
Total 200 8 0 4 12
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Elective Courses
Discipline Specific – Two each in Semester V and VI. To be chosen from the below
mentioned courses:
L T P C
BSFSDE-111 Forensic Serology 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSDE-222 DNA 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSDE-333 Economic Offences 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSDE-444 Computer Forensic and Cyber Crime 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSDE-555 Crime Scene and Accident Investigation 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSDE-666 Dissertation in Semester – VI -- 0 0 6 6
Elective Courses
One each in Semester I, II, III and IV. To be chosen from the below mentioned courses:
L T P C
BSFSGE-100 Criminalistics 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSGE-200 Forensic Dermatoglyphics 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSGE-300 Forensic Chemistry 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSGE-400 Forensic Biology and Serology 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSGE-500 Forensic Anthropology and Forensic 100 4 0 2 6
Medicine
BSFSGE-600 Computer Forensic and Cyber Crime 100 4 0 2 6
Compulsory Courses
One each in Semester I, II

L T P C
BSFSCC-1 Environmental Science
BSFSCC-2 English Communication
The College will have an option to take either of the two papers in a particular Semester (I or II), while
the students have to appear in both the papers.
Skill Based Courses
One each in Semester III and IV. To be chosen from the below mentioned courses:
L T P C
BSFSSC-100 Forensic Science and Development in 100 4 0 2 6
Society
BSFSSC-200 Introduction to Biometry 100 4 0 2 6
BSFSSC-300 Handwriting and its identification and 100 4 0 2 6
recognition
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Core Subject (First Year)
Semester – I
Paper – I – Introduction to Forensic Science (BSFS – 101)
Unit – I – History and Development of Forensic Science
Functions of forensic science, Historical aspects of forensic science, Definitions and

concepts in forensic science, Scope of forensic science, Need of forensic science, Basic
principles of forensic science.
Frye case and Daubert standard
Unit – II – Tools and Techniques in Forensic Science
Branches of forensic science, Forensic science in international perspectives,

including set up of INTERPOL and FBI, Duties of forensic scientists, Code of conduct
for forensic scientists, Qualifications of forensic scientists, Data depiction, Report
writing.
Unit – III – Organizational set up of Forensic Science Laboratories in

India
Hierarchical set up of Central Forensic Science Laboratories, State Forensic Science

Laboratories, Government Examiners of Questioned Documents, Fingerprint
Bureaus, National Crime Records Bureau, Police & Detective Training Schools,
Bureau of Police Research & Development, Directorate of Forensic Science and
Mobile Crime Laboratories, Police Academies, Police dogs, Services of crime
laboratories, Basic services and optional services.
Practical:
1. To study the history of crime cases from forensic science perspective.

2. To cite examples of crime cases in which apprehensions arose because of
Daubert standards.
3. To review the sections of forensic science at INTERPOL and compare with
those in Central Forensic Science Laboratories in India. Include suggestions
for improvements if any.
4. To study the annual reports of National Crime Records Bureau and depict the
data on different type of crime cases by way of smart art/templates.
5. To write report on different type of crime cases.
6. To review how the Central Fingerprint Bureau, New Delhi, coordinates the
working of State Fingerprint Bureaus.
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7. To examine the hierarchical set up of different forensic science establishments
and suggest improvements.
8. To examine the list of projects undertaken by the Bureau of Police Research
and Development and suggest the thrust areas of research in Police Science.
9. To compare and contrast the role of a Police Academy and a Police Training
School.
10. To compare the code of conduct prescribed by different establishments for
forensic scientists.
Learning Outcome:
i. The significance of forensic science to human society.

ii. The fundamental principles and functions of forensic science.
iii. The divisions in a forensic science laboratory.
iv. The working of the forensic establishments in India and abroad.
Reference Books:
1. B.B. Nanda and R.K. Tiwari, Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the
Twenty First Century, Select Publishers, New Delhi (2001).
2. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific
and Investigative Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005).
3. W.G. Eckert and R.K. Wright in Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd
Edition, W.G. Eckert (ED.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).
4. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004).
5. W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s Techniques of Crime Scene
Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).
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Paper – II – Crime, Criminology and Society (BSFS – 102)
Unit – I – Basics of Criminology
Definition, aims and scope, Theories of criminal behavior – classical, positivist,

sociological, criminal anthropology, criminal profiling, understanding modus
operandi, investigative strategy, role of media.
Unit – II – Crime
Elements, nature, causes and consequences of crime, deviant behavior, hate crimes,
organized crimes and public disorder, domestic violence and workplace violence,
white collar crimes, victimology, juvenile delinquency, social change and crime,
psychological disorders and criminality, situational crime prevention.
Unit – III – Criminal Justice System
Broad components of criminal justice system, Policing styles and principles, Police’s
power of investigation, Filing of criminal charges, Community policing, Policing a
heterogeneous society, Correctional measures and rehabilitation of offenders,
Human rights and criminal justice system in India.
Practical:
1. To review past criminal cases and elucidate which theory best explains the
criminal behavior of the accused.
2. To review crime cases where criminal profiling assisted the police to
apprehend the accused.
3. To cite examples of crime cases in which the media acted as a pressure group.
4. To evaluate the post-trauma stress amongst victims of racial discrimination.
5. To correlate deviant behavior of the accused with criminality (take a specific
example).
6. To evaluate victimology in a heinous crime.
7. To examine a case of juvenile delinquency and suggest remedial measures.
8. To evaluate how rising standards of living affect crime rate.
9. To review the recommendations on modernization of police stations and
evaluate how far these have been carried out in different police stations.
10. To visit a ‘Model Police Station’ and examine the amenities vis-à-vis
conventional police stations.
11. To examine steps being taken for rehabilitation of former convicts and
suggests improvements.
12. To prepare a report on interrogation cells and suggest improvements.
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Learning Outcome:
i. The importance of criminology.

ii. The causes of criminal behavior.
iii. The significance of criminal profiling to mitigate crime.
iv. The consequences of crime in society.
v. The elements of criminal justice system.
Reference Books:

2. D.E. Zulawski and D.E. Wicklander, Practical Aspects of Interview and
Interrogation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2002).
4. J.L. Jackson and E. Barkley, Offender Profiling: Theory, Research and
Practice, Wiley, Chichester (1997).
5. R. Gupta, Sexual Harassment at Workplace, LexisNexis, Gurgaon (2014).
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Semester – II
Paper – I – Forensic Law (BSFS – 201)
Unit – I – Law to Combat Crime
a. Classification – civil, criminal cases, Essential elements of criminal law,

Constitution and hierarchy of criminal courts.
b. Criminal Procedure Code, Cognizable and non-cognizable offences, Bailable
and non-bailable offences.
c. Sentences which the court of Chief Judicial Magistrate may pass.
d. Summary trials – Section 260(2).
e. Judgments in abridged forms – Section 355
f. IPC (Indian Penal Code) offences against persons – Sections 121A, 299, 300,
302, 304A, 304B, 307, 309, 319, 320, 324, 326, 351, 354, 359, 362 and
Sections 375 & 377 and their amendments.
g. IPC (Indian Penal Code) offences against property – Sections – 378, 383, 390,
391, 405, 415, 420, 441, 463, 489A, 497, 499, 503, 511.
h. IEA (Indian Evidence Act) – Evidence and rules of relevancy in brief, Expert
witness, Cross examination and re-examination of witnesses.
i. IEA (Indian Evidence Act) Sections - 32, 45, 46, 47, 57, 58, 60, 73, 135, 136,
137, 138, 141.
j. CrPC (Code of Criminal Procedure) - Section 293
Unit – II – Constitution of India
Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy – Articles 14, 15,
20, 21, 22, 51A.
Unit – III – Acts Pertaining to Socio-economic and Environmental

Crimes
Narcotic, Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, Essential Commodity Act, Drugs
and Cosmetics Act, Explosive Substances Act, Arms Act, Dowry Prohibition Act,
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, Prevention of Corruption Act, Wildlife
Protection Act, I.T. Act, Environment Protection Act, Untouchability Offences Act.
Practical:
1. To prepare a schedule of five cognizable and five non-cognizable offences.

2. To study the powers and limitations of the Court of Judicial Magistrate of
First Class.
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3. To prepare a schedule of the offences which may be tried under Section
260(2) of Criminal Procedure Code.
4. To study a crime case in which an accused was punished on charge of murder
under Section 302.
5. To study a crime case in which an accused was punished on charge of rape
under Section 375.
6. To cite example of a case in which the opinion of an expert was called for
under Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act.
7. To cite a case wherein a person was detained under Article 22(5) of the Indian
Constitution. Express your views whether the rights of the person as enlisted
in this Article were taken care of.
8. To cite a case under Article 14 of the Constitution of India wherein the Right
to Equality before Law was allegedly violated.
9. To list the restrictions imposed on Right to Freedom of Worship under the
Constitution of India.
10. To prepare a schedule of persons convicted under Narcotics, Drugs and
Psychotropic Act statistically analyze the age group to which they belonged.
11. To study a case in which Drugs and Cosmetic Act was invoked.
12. To study a case in which Explosive Substances Act was invoked.
13. To study a case in which Arms Act was invoked.
14. In light of Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code, cite a case involving dowry
death.
15. To study a case wherein the Untouchability Offences Act was invoked on the
basis of Article 15 of the Constitution of India.
Learning Outcome:
i. Elements of Criminal Procedure Code related to forensic science.

ii. Acts and provisions of the Constitution of India related to forensic
science.
iii. Acts governing socio-economic crimes. d. Acts governing environmental
crimes.
Reference Books:
1. D.A. Bronstein, Law for the Expert Witness, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1999).
2. Vipa P. Sarthi, Law of Evidence, 6th Edition, Eastern Book Co., Lucknow
(2006).
3. A.S. Pillia, Criminal Law, 6th Edition, N.M. Tripathi Pvt Ltd., Mumbai (1983).
4. R.C. Nigam, Law of Crimes in India, Volume I, Asia Publishing House, New
Delhi (1965).
5. (Chief Justice) M. Monir, Law of Evidence, 6th Edition, Universal Law
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2002).
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Paper – II – Forensic Psychology (BSFS – 202)
Unit – I – Basics of Forensic Psychology
Definition and fundamental concepts of forensic psychology and forensic psychiatry,

Psychology and law, Ethical issues in forensic psychology, Assessment of mental
competency, Mental disorders and forensic psychology, Psychology of evidence –
eyewitness testimony, confession evidence, Criminal profiling, Psychology in the
courtroom, with special reference to Section 84 IPC.
Unit – II – Psychology and Criminal Behavior
Psychopathology and personality disorder, Psychological assessment and its

importance, Serial murderers, Psychology of terrorism.
Biological factors and crime – social learning theories, psycho-social factors, abuse.
Juvenile delinquency – theories of offending (social cognition, moral reasoning),
Child abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), juvenile sex offenders, legal controversies.
Unit – III – Detection of Deception
Tools for detection of deception – interviews, non-verbal detection, statement

analysis, voice stress analyzer, hypnosis.
Polygraphy – operational and question formulation techniques, ethical and legal
aspects, the guilty knowledge test.
Narco analysis and brain electrical oscillation signatures – principle and theory,
ethical and legal issues.
Practical:
1. To cite a crime case where legal procedures pertaining to psychic behavior had
to be invoked.
2. To prepare a report on relationship between mental disorders and forensic
psychology.
3. To review a crime case involving serial murders. Comment on the
psychological traits of the accused.
4. To cite a crime case involving a juvenile and argue for and against lowering
the age for categorizing an individual as juvenile.
5. To study a criminal case in which hypnosis was used as a means to detect
deception.
6. To prepare a case report on thematic appreciation test.
7. To prepare a case report on Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory test.
8. To prepare a case report on thematic appreciation test.
9. To prepare a case report on word association test.
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10. To prepare a case report on Bhatia’s battery of performance test of
intelligence.
11. To cite a criminal case in which narco analysis was used as a means to detect
deception.
Learning Outcome:
i. The overview of forensic psychology and its applications.

ii. The legal aspects of forensic psychology.
iii. The significance of criminal profiling.
iv. The importance of psychological assessment in gauging criminal
behavior.
v. The tools and techniques required for detection of deception.
vi. The critical assessment of advanced forensic techniques like polygraphy,
Narco analysis and brain electrical oscillation signatures.
Reference Books:
1. A.A. Moenssens, J. Starrs, C.E. Henderson and F.E. Inbau, Scientific Evidence
in Civil and Criminal Cases, 4th Edition, The Foundation Press, Inc., New
York (1995).
3. J.C. DeLadurantey and D.R. Sullivan, Criminal Investigation Standards,
Harper & Row, New York (1980).
4. J. Niehaus, Investigative Forensic Hypnosis, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1999).
5. E. Elaad in Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, Volume 2, J.A. Siegel, P.J.
Saukko and G.C. Knupfer (Eds.), Academic Press, London (2000).
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Core Subject (Second Year)
Semester – III
Paper – I – Forensic Dermatoglyphics (BSFS – 301)
Unit – I – Basics of Fingerprinting
Introduction and history with special reference to India, Biological basis of

fingerprints, Formation of ridges, Fundamental principles of fingerprinting, Types of
fingerprints, Fingerprint patterns, Fingerprint characters/minutiae, Plain and rolled
fingerprints, classification and cataloguing of fingerprint record, Automated
Fingerprint Identification System, Significance of poroscopy and edgeoscopy.
Unit – II – Development of Fingerprints
Latent prints, Constituents of sweat residue, Latent fingerprints’ detection by

physical and chemical techniques, Mechanism of detection of fingerprints by
different developing reagents, Application of light sources in fingerprint detection,
Preservation of developed fingerprints, Digital imaging for fingerprint enhancement,
Fingerprinting the deceased, Developing fingerprints on gloves.
Unit – III – Other Impressions
Importance of footprints, Casting of foot prints, Electrostatic lifting of latent foot

prints, Palm prints, Lip prints - Nature, location, collection and examination of lip
prints, Ear prints and their significance, Palm prints and their historical importance.
Practical:
1. To record plain and rolled fingerprints.

2. To carry out ten digit classification of fingerprints.
3. To identify different fingerprint patterns.
4. To identify core and delta.
5. To carry out ridge tracing and ridge counting.
6. To investigate physical methods of fingerprint detection.
7. To investigate chemical methods of fingerprint detection.
8. To use different light sources for enhancing developed fingerprints.
9. To prepare cast of foot prints.
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Learning Outcome:
1. The fundamental principles on which the science of fingerprinting is based.

2. Fingerprints are the most infallible means of identification.
3. The world’s first fingerprint bureau was established in India.
4. The method of classifying criminal record by fingerprints was worked out in
India, and by Indians.
5. The physical and chemical techniques of developing fingerprints on crime
scene evidence.
6. The significance of foot, palm, ear and lip prints.
Reference Books:
1. J.E. Cowger, Friction Ridge Skin, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1983).
2. D.A. Ashbaugh, Quantitative-Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis, CRC Press,
Boca Raton (2000).
3. C. Champod, C. Lennard, P. Margot an M. Stoilovic, Fingerprints and other
Ridge Skin Impressions, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2004).
4. Lee and Gaensleen’s, Advances in Fingerprint Technology, 3rd Edition, R.S.
Ramotowski (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).
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Paper – II – Technological Methods in Forensic Science (BSFS – 302)
Unit – I – Instrumentation
Sample preparation for chromatographic and spectroscopic evidence,

Chromatographic methods, Fundamental principles and forensic applications of thin
layer chromatography, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography,
Spectroscopic methods, Fundamental principles and forensic applications of UV-VIS
spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic
emission spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, X-ray spectrometry, Colorimetric
analysis and Lambert-Beer law, Electrophoresis – fundamental principles and
forensic applications, Neutron activation analysis – fundamental principles and
forensic applications.
Unit – II – Microscopy
Fundamental principles, Different types of microscopes, Electron microscope,

Comparison Microscope, Forensic applications of microscopy
Unit – III – Forensic Photography
Basic principles and applications of photography in forensic science, 3D

photography, Photographic evidence, Infrared and ultraviolet photography, Digital
photography, Videography, Crime scene and laboratory photography
Practical:
1. To determine the concentration of a colored compound by colorimetry

analysis.
2. To carry out thin layer chromatography of ink samples.
3. To carry out separation of organic compounds by paper chromatography.
4. To identify drug samples using UV-Visible spectroscopy.
5. To take photographs using different filters.
6. To take photographs of crime scene exhibits at different angles.
7. To record videography of a crime scene.
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Learning Outcome:
i. The importance of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques in

processing crime scene evidence.
ii. The utility of colorimetry, electrophoresis and neutron activation
analysis in identifying chemical and biological materials.
iii. The significance of microscopy in visualizing trace evidence and
comparing it with control samples.
iv. The usefulness of photography and videography for recording the crime
scenes.
Reference Books:
1. D.A. Skoog, D.M. West and F.J. Holler, Fundamentals of Analytical

Chemistry, 6th Edition, Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth (1992).
2. W. Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, 3rd Edition, Macmillan, Hampshire (1991).
3. J.W. Robinson, Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York (1995).
4. D.R. Redsicker, The Practical Methodology of Forensic Photography, 2nd
Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2000).
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Paper – III – Criminalistics (BSFS – 303)
Unit – I – Crime Scene Management
Types of crime scenes – indoor and outdoor, Securing and isolating the crime scene,
Crime scene search methods, Safety measures at crime scenes, Legal considerations
at crime scenes, Documentation of crime scenes – photography, videography,
sketching and recording notes, Duties of first responders at crime scenes,
Coordination between police personnel and forensic scientists at crime scenes, The
evaluation of 5Ws (who?, what?, when?, where?, why?) and 1H (how?), Crime scene
logs.
Unit – II – Crime Scene Evidence
Classification of crime scene evidence – physical and trace evidence, Locard

principle, Collection, labeling, sealing of evidence, Hazardous evidence, Preservation
of evidence, Chain of custody, Reconstruction of crime scene.
Unit – III – Forensic Physics
Glass evidence – collection, packaging, analysis, Matching of glass samples by

mechanical fit and refractive index measurements, Analysis by spectroscopic
methods, Fracture analysis and direction of impact.
Paint evidence – collection, packaging and preservation, Analysis by destructive and

nondestructive methods, Importance of paint evidence in hit and run cases.
Fiber evidence – artificial and man-made fibers, Collection of fiber evidence,

Identification and comparison of fibers
Soil evidence – importance, location, collection and comparison of soil samples
Cloth evidence – importance, collection, analysis of adhering material, Matching of

pieces
Toolmark evidence, Classification of tool marks, Forensic importance of tool marks,

Collection, preservation and matching of tool marks, Restoration of erased serial
numbers and engraved marks, Forensic gemmology.
Practical:
1. To prepare a report on evaluation of crime scene.

2. To reconstruct a crime scene (outdoor and indoor).
3. To compare soil samples by density gradient method.
4. To compare paint samples by physical matching method.
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5. To compare paint samples by thin layer chromatography method.
6. To compare glass samples by refractive index method.
7. To identify and compare tool marks.
8. To compare cloth samples by physical matching.
Reference Books:
1. M. Byrd, Crime Scene Evidence: A Guide to the Recovery and Collection of

Physical Evidence, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2001).
2. T.J. Gardener and T.M. Anderson, Criminal Evidence, 4th Ed., Wadsworth,
Belmont (2001).
4. W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s, Techniques of Crime Scene
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Semester – IV
Paper – I – Forensic Toxicology (BSFS – 401)
Unit – I – Basics of Toxicology
Significance of toxicological findings, Techniques used in toxicology, Toxicological

analysis and chemical intoxication tests, Postmortem Toxicology, Human
performance toxicology, Dose-response relationship, Lethal dose 50 and effective
dose 50.
Unit – II – Poisons
Classification of poisons, Physico-chemical characteristics and mode of action of

poisons, Accidental, suicidal and homicidal poisonings, Signs and symptoms of
common poisoning and their antidotes, Collection and preservation of viscera, blood
and urine for various poison cases, Identification of biocides and metal salts in body
fluids, Metabolism and excretion of poisons, Application of immunoassays in
forensic work, Animal poisons, Snake venom, Mode of action, Carbon monoxide
poisoning, Vegetable poisons, Poisonous seeds, fruits, roots and mushrooms,
Beverages, Alcoholic and non-alcoholic illicit liquors, Analysis and identification of
ethyl alcohol, Estimation of ethyl alcohol in blood and urine, Proof spirit, Crime
scene management in illicit liquor cases.
Unit – III – Narcotics, Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
Definition of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances, Broad classification –

Narcotics, stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens, General characteristics and
common example of each classification, Natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic
narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances, Designer drugs, Tolerance, addiction
and withdrawal symptoms of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances, Crime
scene search for narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances – searching a suspect,
searching a dwelling, searching a vehicle, Clandestine drug laboratories, Collection
and preservation of drug evidence, Testing of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic
substances, Isolation techniques for purifying narcotics, drugs and psychotropic
substances – thin layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and high
performance liquid chromatography, Presumptive and screening tests for narcotics,
drugs and psychotropic substances, Microcrystalline testing of drugs of abuse,
Analysis of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances in breast milk, saliva, urine,
hair and anti-mortem blood, Drugs and driving, Dope tests, Analysis of narcotics,
drugs and psychotropic substances in postmortem blood, Postmortem changes
affecting the analysis of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances.
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Practical:
1. To identify biocides.
2. To identify metallic poisons.
3. To identify organic poisons.
4. To identify ethyl alcohol.
5. To identify methyl alcohol.
6. To carry out quantitative estimation of ethyl alcohol.
7. To prepare iodoform.
8. To identify drugs of abuse by spot tests.
9. To perform color tests for barbiturates.
10. To separate drugs of abuse by thin layer chromatography.
Learning Outcome:
i. The significance of toxicological studies in forensic science.

ii. The classification of poisons and their modes of actions.
iii. The absorption of poisons in body fluids.
iv. The forensic identification of illicit liquors.
v. The classification and characteristics of the narcotics, drugs and
psychotropic substances.
vi. The menace of designer drugs.
vii. The methods of identifying and purifying narcotics, drugs and
Reference Books:

2. F.G. Hofmann, A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2nd Edition, Oxford
University Press, New York (1983).
3. S.B. Karch, The Pathology of Drug Abuse, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1996).
4. A. Poklis, Forensic toxicology in, Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd
Edition, W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).
5. A.W. Jones, Enforcement of drink-driving laws by use of per se legal alcohol
limits: Blood and/or breath concentration as evidence of impairment, Alcohol,
Drug and Driving, 4, 99 (1988).
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Paper – II – Forensic Chemistry (BSFS – 402)
Unit – I – Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Distillation and fractionation of petroleum, Commercial uses of different petroleum

fractions, Analysis of petroleum products, Analysis of traces of petroleum products in
forensic exhibits, Comparison of petroleum products, Adulteration of petroleum
products.
Unit – II – Cases Involving Arson
Chemistry of fire, Conditions for fire. Fire scene patterns, Location of point of
ignition, Recognition of type of fire, Searching the fire scene, Collection and
preservation of arson evidence, Analysis of fire debris, Analysis of ignitable liquid
residue, Post-flashover burning, Scientific investigation and evaluation of clue
materials, Information from smoke staining.
Unit – III – Explosives
Classification of explosives – low explosives and high explosives, Homemade

explosives, Military explosives, Blasting agents, Synthesis and characteristics of TNT,
PETN and RDX, Explosion process, Blast waves, Bomb scene management,
Searching the scene of explosion, Mechanism of explosion, Post blast residue
collection and analysis, Blast injuries, Detection of hidden explosives.
Practical:
1. To carry out analysis of gasoline.

2. To carry out analysis of diesel.
3. To carry out analysis of kerosene oil.
4. To analyze arson accelerators.
5. To prepare a case report on a case involving arson.
6. To carry out analysis of explosive substances.
7. To separate explosive substances using thin layer chromatography.
8. To prepare a case report on bomb scene management.
Learning Outcome:
i. The methods of analyzing trace amounts of petroleum products in crime

scene evidence.
ii. The methods of analyzing contaminants in petroleum products.
iii. The method of searching, collecting, preserving and analyzing arson
evidence.
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iv. The classification of explosives, including the synthesis and
characterization of representative analogs.
v. The significance of bomb scene management.
vi. The techniques of locating hidden explosives.
vii. The classification and characteristics of the narcotics, drugs and
psychotropic substances
Reference Books:
1. J.D. DeHaan, Kirk’s Fire Investigation, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
(1991).
York (1995).
5. S. Ballou, M. Houck, J.A. Siegel, C.A. Crouse, J.J. Lentini and S. Palenik in
Forensic Science, D.H. Ubelaker (Ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester (2013).
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Paper – III – Forensic Biology (BSFS – 403)
Unit – I – Biological Evidence
Nature and importance of biological evidence, Significance of hair evidence,

Transfer, persistence and recovery of hair evidence, Structure of human hair,
Comparison of hair samples, Morphology and biochemistry of human hair,
Comparison of human and animal hair, Types and identification of microbial
organisms of forensic significance, Identification of wood, leaves, pollens and juices
as botanical evidence, Diatoms and their forensic significance.
Unit – II – Wildlife Forensic
Fundamentals of wildlife forensic, Significance of wildlife forensic, Protected and

endangered species of animals and plants, Illegal trading in wildlife items, such as
skin, fur, bone, horn, teeth, flowers and plants, Identification of physical evidence
pertaining to wildlife forensics, Identification of pug marks of various animals.
Unit – III – Forensic Entomology
Basics of forensic entomology, Insects of forensic importance, Collection of

entomological evidence during death investigations
Practical:
1. To examine hair morphology and determine the species to which the hair
belongs.
2. To prepare slides of scale pattern of human hair.
3. To examine human hair for cortex and medulla.
4. To carry out microscopic examination of pollen grains.
5. To carry out microscopic examination of diatoms.
6. To cite a crime case in which diatoms have served as forensic evidence.
7. To prepare a case report on forensic entomology.
8. To prepare a case report on problems of wildlife forensics.
Learning Outcome:
i. The significance of biological and serological evidence.

ii. The forensic importance of hair evidence.
iii. The importance of biological fluids – blood, urine, semen, saliva, sweat
and milk – in crime investigations.
iv. How wildlife forensics aid in conserving natural resources.
v. How forensic entomology assists in death investigations.
Page | 23
Reference Books:
1. L. Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York
(1988).
2. R.K. Murray, D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes and V.W. Rodwell, Harper’s
Biochemistry, APPLETON & Lange, Norwalk (1993).
3. S. Chowdhuri, Forensic Biology, BPRD, New Delhi (1971).
4. R. Saferstein, Forensic Science Handbook, Vol. III, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
(1993).
5. G.T. Duncan and M.I. Tracey, Serology and DNA typing in, Introduction to
Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edition, W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton
(1997).
Page | 24
Semester – V
Paper – I – Questioned Documents (BSFS – 501)
Unit – I – Nature and Scope of Questioned Documents
Definition of questioned documents, Types of questioned documents, Preliminary

examination of documents, Basic tools needed for forensic documents’ examination
– ultraviolet, visible, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, photomicrography,
microphotography, visible spectral comparator, electrostatic detection apparatus,
Determining the age and relative age of documents.
Unit – II – Comparison of Documents
Comparison of handwriting, Development of individuality in handwriting, Natural

variations and fundamental divergences in handwritings, Class and individual
characteristics, Merits and demerits of exemplar and non-exemplar samples during
comparison of handwriting, Standards for comparison of handwriting, Comparison
of paper, ink, printed documents, typed documents, Xeroxed documents.
Unit – III – Forgeries
Alterations in documents, including erasures, additions, over-writings and

obliterations, indented and invisible writings, Charred documents, Examination of
counterfeit Indian currency notes, passports, visas and stamp papers, Disguised
writing and anonymous letters.
Practical:
1. To identify handwriting characters.

2. To study natural variations in handwriting.
3. To compare handwriting samples.
4. To detect simulated forgery.
5. To detect traced forgery.
6. To study the line quality defects in handwriting samples.
7. To examine the security features of currency notes, passports and plastic
money.
8. To study alterations, obliterations and erasures in handwriting samples.
9. To cite a case wherein Section 45 of Indian Evidence Act was invoked, seeking
expert opinion for authentication of handwriting and/or signatures.
10. To cite a case wherein Section 489A of the Indian Penal Code was invoked in
context of fake currency.
Page | 25
Learning Outcome:
i. The importance of examining questioned documents in crime cases.

ii. The tools required for examination of questioned documents.
iii. The significance of comparing hand writing samples.
iv. The importance of detecting frauds and forgeries by analyzing
questioned documents.
Reference Books:
1. O. Hilton, Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents, CRC Press, Boca

Raton (1982).
in Civil and Criminal Cases, 4th Edition, Foundation Press, New York (1995).
3. R.N. Morris, Forensic Handwriting Identification: Fundamental Concepts and
Principles, Academic Press, London (2000).
4. E. David, The Scientific Examination of Documents – Methods and
Techniques, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis, Hants (1997).
Page | 26
Paper – II – Forensic Ballistics (BSFS – 502)
Unit – I – Firearms
History and development of firearms, Classification of firearms, Weapon types and

their operation, Firing mechanisms of different firearms
Internal ballistics – Definition, ignition of propellants, shape and size of propellants,
manner of burning, and various factors affecting the internal ballistics: lock time,
ignition time, barrel time, erosion, corrosion and gas cutting.
External Ballistics – Vacuum trajectory, effect of air resistance on trajectory, base
drag, drop, drift, yaw, shape of projectile and stability, trajectory computation,
ballistics coefficient and limiting velocity, Measurements of trajectory parameters,
introduction to automated system of trajectory computation and automated
management of ballistic data.
Terminal Ballistics – Effect of projectile on hitting the target: function of bullet
shape, striking velocity, striking angle and nature of target, tumbling of bullets, effect
of instability of bullet, effect of intermediate targets, influence of range, Ricochet and
its effects, stopping power.
Unit – II – Ammunitions
Types of ammunition, Constructional features and characteristics of different types

of cartridges and bullets, Primers and priming compounds, Projectiles, Head stamp
markings on ammunitions, Different types of marks produced during firing process
on cartridge – firing pin marks, breech face marks, chamber marks, extractor and
ejector marks.
Unit – III – Firearm Evidence
Matching of bullets and cartridge cases in regular firearms, Identification of bullets,

pellets and wads fired from improvised, country made firearms, Automated method
of bullet and cartridge case comparison, Determination of range of fire and time of
fire.
Mechanisms of formation of gunshot residues, Methods of analysis of gunshot
residues from shooting hands and targets, with special reference to clothing.
Identification and nature of firearms injuries, Reconstruction with respect to
accident, suicide, murder and self Defence.
Practical:
1. To describe, with the aid of diagrams, the firing mechanisms of different types
of firearms.
2. To correlate the velocity of bullet with the impact it produces on the target.
3. To correlate the striking angle of the bullet with the impact on the target.
Page | 27
4. To estimate the range of fired bullets.
5. To carry out the comparison of fired bullets.
6. To carry out the comparison of fired cartridge cases.
7. To identify gunshot residue.
8. To correlate the nature of injuries with distance from which the bullet was
fired.
9. To differentiate, with the aid of diagram, contact wounds, close range wounds
and distant wounds.
Learning Outcome:
i. The classification of firearms and their firing mechanisms.

ii. The methods of identifying firearms.
iii. The characteristics of ammunition.
iv. The importance of firearm evidence.
v. The nature of firearm injuries.
vi. The methods for characterization of gunshot residue.
Reference Books:
1. B.J. Heard, Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics, Wiley and Sons, Chichester
(1997).
2. W.F. Rowe, Firearms identification, Forensic Science Handbook, Vol. 2, R.
Saferstein (Ed.), Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1988).
3. A.J. Schwoeble and D.L. Exline, Current Methods in Forensic Gunshot
Residue Analysis, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2000).
4. E. Elaad in Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, Volume 2, J.A. Siegel, P.J.
Saukko and G.C. Knupfer (Eds.), Academic Press, London (2000).
Page | 28
Semester – VI
Paper – I – Forensic Medicine (BSFS – 601)
Unit – I – Death Investigations
Fundamental aspects and scope of forensic medicine, approaching the crime scene of
death. Obtaining firsthand information from the caller, Rendering medical assistance
to the victim, if alive, Protecting life, Recording dying declaration, Identifying
witnesses and, if possible, suspect. Interviewing onlookers and segregating possible
witnesses, Suspect in custody – initial interrogation and searching for evidence,
Miranda warning card, Assessing the crime scene, Request for forensic team,
Importance of command post and log book, Management of crowd and media,
Importance of taking notes, Items to be a part of noting, Documenting the death
scene, Processing evidence, Evaluation of injuries, Importance of canvass form,
Indexing the death investigation, Handling buried body cases – search for buried
bodies, methods of exhumation, Suicide cases – evaluating the type of injuries,
gauging the psychological state of victim, suicide notes.
Unit – II – Autopsy
Forensic pathology, Medico-legal aspects of death, Causes of death, Determination of

time since death, Investigation of sexual offences, Death by drowning, Injuries, Types
and classification of injuries, Ante mortem and post mortem injuries, Aging of
injuries, Artificial injuries.
Unit – III – Forensic Odontology
Development, scope and role of forensic odontology in mass disaster and

anthropology, Types of teeth and their comparative anatomy, Bite marks, Forensic
significance of bite marks, Collection, preservation and photography of bite marks
evidence, Legal aspects of bite marks, Estimation of age from teeth.
Practical:
1. To design a questionnaire for the first responder to the death scene.

2. To design a protocol to deal with the media at the crime scene.
3. To design a checklist for the forensic scientists at the death scene.
4. To design a canvass form giving description of an unidentified victim.
5. To analyze and preserve bite marks.
Page | 29
Learning Outcome:
i. The duties of the first responding officer who receives a call on homicide
or suicide case.
ii. The steps involved in processing the death scene.
iii. The importance of ascertaining whether the crime was staged to appear
as suicide or accident.
iv. The importance of bloodstain patterns in reconstructing the crime scene.
v. The importance of autopsy. f. The importance of forensic odontology.
Reference Books:
1. K. Smyth, The Cause of Death, Van Nostrand and Company, New York (1982).
2. M. Bernstein, Forensic odontology in, Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd
Ed., W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).
3. J. Dix, Handbook for Death Scene Investigations, CRC Press, Boca Raton
(1999).
4. H.B. Baldwin and C.P. May in, Encyclopedia in Forensic Science, Volume 1,
J.A. Siegel, P.J. Saukko and G.C. Knupfer (Eds.), Academic Press, London
(2000).
5. V.J. Geberth, Practical Homicide Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton
(2006).
6. T. Bevel and R.M. Gardner, Bloodstain Pattern Analysis, 3rd Edition, CRC
Press, Boca Raton (2008).
Page | 30
Paper – II – Forensic Anthropology (BSFS – 602)
Unit – I – Significance of Forensic Anthropology
Scope of forensic anthropology, Study of human skeleton, Nature, formation, and

identification of human bones, Determination of age, sex, stature from skeletal
material
Unit – II – Personal Identification – Somatoscopy and Somatometry
Somatoscopy – observation of hair on head, forehead, eyes, root of nose, nasal

bridge, nasal tip, chin, Darwin’s tubercle, ear lobes, supra-orbital ridges,
physiognomic ear breadth, circumference of head. Scar marks and occupational
marks.
Somatometry – measurements of head, face, nose, cheek, ear, hand and foot, body
weight, height. Indices - cephalic index, nasal index, cranial index, upper facial index.
Unit – III – Facial Reconstruction
Portrait Parle/ Bertillon system, Photofit identification kit, Facial superimposition

techniques, Cranio facial super imposition techniques – photographic super
imposition, videosuperimposition, Roentgenographic superimposition, Use of
somatoscopic and craniometric methods in reconstruction, Importance of tissue
depth in facial reconstruction, Genetic and congenital anomalies – causes, types,
identification and their forensic significance.
Practical:
1. To determine of age from skull and teeth.

2. To determine of sex from skull.
3. To determine sex from pelvis.
4. To study identification and description of bones and their measurements.
5. To investigate the differences between animal and human bones.
6. To perform somatometric measurements on living subjects.
7. To carry out craniometric measurements of human skull.
8. To estimate stature from long bone length.
9. To conduct portrait parley using photofit identification kit.
Page | 31
Learning Outcome:
i. Importance of forensic anthropology in identification of persons.

ii. Different techniques of facial reconstruction and their forensic
importance.
iii. Significance of Somatoscopy and Somatometry.
Reference Books:
1. M.Y. Iscan and S.R. Loth, The scope of forensic anthropology in, Introduction
to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Ed., W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton
(1997).
2. D. Ubelaker and H. Scammell, Bones, M. Evans & Co., New York (2000).
3. S.Rhine, Bone Voyage: A Journey in Forensic Anthropology, University of
Mexico Press, Mexico (1998).
Page | 32
Discipline Specific Elective Subject for V and VI Semester
BSFSDE – 111 – Forensic Serology
Unit – I – Forensic Importance of Body fluids
Common body fluids, Composition and functions of blood, Collection and

preservation of blood evidence, Distinction between human and non-human blood,
Determination of blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.
Forensic characterization of bloodstains, Typing of dried stains, Blood enzymes and
proteins, Semen, Forensic significance of semen, Composition, functions and
morphology of spermatozoa, Collection, evaluation and tests for identification of
semen, Individualization on the basis of semen examination.
Composition, functions and forensic significance of saliva, sweat, milk and urine,
Tests for their identifications.
Unit – II – Genetic Marker Analysis
Cellular antigens, ABO blood groups, Extracellular proteins and intracellular

enzymes, Significance of genetic marker typing data, Sexual assault investigations.
Unit – III – Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Bloodstain characteristics, Impact bloodstain patterns, Cast-off bloodstain patterns,

projected bloodstain patterns, Contact bloodstain patterns, Blood trails. Bloodstain
drying times, Documentation of bloodstain pattern evidence, Crime scene
reconstruction with the aid of bloodstain pattern analysis.
Practical:
1. To determine blood group from fresh blood samples.

2. To determine blood group from dried blood sample.
3. To carry out the crystal test on a blood sample.
4. To identify blood samples by chemical tests.
5. To identify the given stain as saliva.
6. To identify the given stain as urine.
7. To carry out cross-over electrophoresis.
8. To study the correlation between impact angle and shape of bloodstain.
9. To identify the point of convergence from the bloodstain patterns.
Page | 33
Learning Outcome:
i. The significance of serological evidence.

ii. The importance of biological fluids – blood, urine, semen, saliva, sweat
iii. The usefulness of genetic markers in forensic investigations.
iv. The forensic importance of bloodstain patterns
Reference Books:
1. W.G. Eckert and S.H. James, Interpretation of Bloodstain Evidence at Crime

Scenes, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1989).
2. G.T. Duncan and M.I. Tracey in Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd
Edition, W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).
Page | 34
BSFSDE – 222 – DNA
Unit – I – Basic Principles
DNA as biological blueprint of life, Extraction of DNA for analysis, Quantitation of

DNA – yield gel quantitation and slot blot quantitation, Mitochondrial DNA –
sequence analysis.
Unit – II – Forensic DNA Typing
Collection of specimens, Polymerase chain reaction – historical perspective,

sequence polymorphisms, individualization of evidence, Short tandem repeats (STR)
– role of fluorescent dyes, nature of STR loci, Restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP) – genetic markers used in RFLP, typing procedure and
interpretation of results, Touch DNA.
Unit – III – Parentage Testing
Principles of heredity, Genetics of paternity, DNA testing in disputed paternity,

Mandelian laws of parentage testing, Mathematical basis of parentage identification,
Missing body cases. Reference populations and databases.
Report Writing: Role of DNA typing in identifying unrecognizable bodies.
Allele frequency determination. Hardy-Weinberg law. Probability determination in a
population database.
Practical:
1. To carry out the separation of amino acids by thin layer chromatography.

2. To carry out extraction of DNA from body fluids.
3. To preparation of gel plates for electrophoresis.
4. To carry out electrophoresis for separation of enzymes.
5. To prepare a report on the role of DNA typing in solving paternity disputes.
Learning Outcome:
i. The basic principle of DNA analysis.

ii. The forensic significance of DNA typing.
iii. The importance of short tandem repeats and restriction fragment length
polymorphism in DNA technique.
iv. Role of DNA typing in parentage testing.
Page | 35
Reference Books:
1. J.M. Butler, Forensic DNA Typing, Elsevier, Burlington (2005).

2. K. Inman and N. Rudin, An Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis, CRC
3. H. Coleman and E. Swenson, DNA in the Courtroom: A Trial Watcher’s Guide,
GeneLex Corporation, Washington (1994).
Page | 36
BSFSDE – 333 – Economic Offences
Unit – I – Taxonomy of Economic Offences/Criminogenic Factors
Fundamentals of economics in economic offences, Tax evasion, Excise duty evasion,

Fraudulent bankruptcy, White collar crime, Economic exclusion, Black money,
Corruption and bribery of public servants, Money laundering and hawala
transactions, Insurance frauds, Corporate frauds, Bank frauds, Ponzi scheme,
Pyramid scheme, Illicit trafficking in contraband goods, Illicit trafficking in arms,
Illicit trafficking in explosives, Illicit drug trafficking, Trafficking in human organs,
Cultural objects trafficking, Racketeering in employment, Racketeering in false travel
documents.
Unit – II – Applied Economics in Processing Evidence
Forensic accountancy and forensic auditing, Valuation of economic losses, Violation

of Intellectual Property Rights
Unit – III – Prevention of Economic Offences
Legislations to deal with different forms of economic offences, RBI Act, SEBI Act,
Competition Commission of India Act, Credit card frauds, Enforcement agencies to
deal with different forms of economic offences, International perspectives –
measures adopted by FBI and INTERPOL, Case histories of economic offences.
Practical:
1. To prepare a draft on fraudulent bankruptcy.

2. To cite a case of money laundering and hawala transactions in India and
prepare a note on it.
3. To cite a case involving bank fraud and suggest measures to prevent such
crimes.
4. To study a case involving illicit drug trafficking and trace the route by which
the item was being smuggled.
5. To prepare a report on trafficking of heritage artefacts, including religious
deities in India.
6. To study the applications of accounting software.
7. To study the applications of TELLY software.
8. To review the legislative measures to deal with a particular economic offence,
identifying the loopholes and suggesting ways to plug the loopholes.
9. To prepare a schedule of national agencies involved in curbing economic
offences. Outline their specific duties.
Page | 37
Learning Outcome:
i. Basic economic and financial terminology.

ii. Economic crimes in India are linked to several other crimes.
iii. Economic crimes often have a bearing on national security.
iv. Types of common economic offences and their consequences.
v. Steps involved in mitigating economic crimes.
Reference Books:
1. R.V. Clarke, Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies, 2nd

Edition, Criminal Justice Press, New York (1997).
2. S.P. Green, Lying, Cheating and Stealing: A Moral Theory of White Collar
Crime, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2006).
3. G. Geis, R. Meier, L. Salinger (Eds.), White-Collar Crime: Classic &
Contemporary Views, Free Press, New York (1995).
4. J. Reiman, The Rich get Richer and the Poor get Prison, Allyn & Bacon,
Boston (1998).
5. Indian Audit and Accounts department, Audit of Fraud, Fraud Detection and
Forensic Audit, 2007.
6. State Crime Branch, Haryana, Investigation of Economic Offences.
Page | 38
BSFSDE – 444 – Computer Forensic and Cyber Crime
Unit – I – Fundamentals and Concepts
Fundamentals of computers Hardware and accessories – development of hard disk,

physical construction, CHS and LBA addressing, encoding methods and formats,
Memory and processor, Methods of storing data, Operating system, Software,
Introduction to network, LAN, WAN and MAN.
Unit – II – Computer Crimes
Definition and types of computer crimes. Distinction between computer crimes and
conventional crimes, Reasons for commission of computer crimes, Breaching
security and operation of digital systems, Computer virus, and computer worm –
Trojan horse, trap door, super zapping, logic bombs. Types of computer crimes –
computer stalking, pornography, hacking, crimes related to intellectual property
rights, computer terrorism, hate speech, private and national security in cyber space,
An overview of hacking, spamming, phishing and stalking.
Unit – III – Computer Forensics Investigations
Seizure of suspected computer, Preparation required prior to seizure, Protocol to be

taken at the scene, Extraction of information from the hard disk, Treatment of
exhibits, Creating bitstream of the original media, Collection and seizure of magnetic
media, Legal and privacy issues, Examining forensically sterile media, Restoration of
deleted files, Password cracking and E-mail tracking, Encryption and decryption
methods, Tracking users.
Practical:
1. To identify, seize and preserve digital evidence from crime scenes.

2. To detect deletions, obliterations and modifications of files using encase
software.
3. To trace routes followed by e-mails and chats.
4. To identify the IP address of the sender of e-mails.
5. To demonstrate concealment techniques using cryptographic PGP.
6. To identify encrypted files.
7. To identify hidden files.
8. To use digital signatures for securing e-mail and online transactions.
9. To acquire data from PCs/laptops/HDDs/USBs, pen drives, memory cards
and SIM cards.
10. To use symmetric and asymmetric keys for protection of digital record.
11. To carry out imaging of hard disks.
Page | 39
Learning Outcome:
i. The basics of digital forensics.

ii. The cases which fall under the purview of digital crimes.
iii. The types of digital crimes.
iv. The elements involved in investigation of digital crimes.
Reference Books:
1. R.K. Tiwari, P.K. Sastry and K.V. Ravikumar, Computer Crimes and Computer
Forensics, Select Publishers, New Delhi (2003).
2. C.B. Leshin, Internet Investigations in Criminal Justice, Prentice Hall, New
Jersey (1997).
4. E. Casey, Digital Evidence and Computer Crime, Academic Press, London
(2000).
Page | 40
BSFSDE – 555 – Crime Scene and Accident Investigations
Unit – I – Motor Vehicle Accidents
Accident scene, Sources of forensic information, Eyewitness accounts, Extent of

vehicle damage, Visibility conditions, Photographs of accident site, Estimation of
speed, Tire marks, skid marks, scuff marks, Maintenance of vehicles, Abandoned
vehicles, Importance of air bags, Railway accidents.
Unit – II – Accident Analysis
Pre-crash movement, Post-crash movement, Collision model, Gauging driver’s

reaction, Occupants’s kinematics, Types of injuries resulting from accident,
Biomechanics of injuries, Hit and run investigations, Trace evidence at accident sites.
Unit – III – Tachographs
Forensic significance of tachograph data, Tachograph charts, Principles of chart

analysis, Accuracy of speed record, Tire slip effects, Falsification and diagnostic
signals, Route tracing.
Practical:
1. To lift tire marks.

2. To study the pattern of skid marks.
3. To study the pattern of scuff marks.
4. To estimate the speed of the vehicle from skid marks.
5. To prepare a report on a major road accident.
6. To prepare a report on a major train accident.
Reference Books:
1. T.S. Ferry, Modern Accident Investigation and Analysis, Wiley, New York
(1988).
2. D. Lowe, The Tachograph, 2nd Edition, Kogan Page, London (1989).
3. T.L. Bohan and A.C. Damask, Forensic Accident Investigation: Motor
Vehicles, Michie Butterworth, Charlottesville (1995).
4. S.C. Batterman and S.D. Batterman in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences,
Volume 1, J.A. Siegel, P.J. Saukko and G.C. Knupfer (Eds.), Academic Press,
London (2000).
Page | 41
BSFSDE – 666 – Dissertation
The dissertation will be based on a research topic in Forensic Science. The topic will
be assigned in consultation with faculties of the department, giving due
consideration to the problem areas faced by the society and area. The students will be
expected to undertake extensive field work, in collaboration with forensic
laboratories.
Page | 42
General Elective Subject for I, II, III and IV Semester
BSFSGE – 100 – Criminalistics
Unit – I – Functions of Forensic Science
Definitions and concepts in forensic science, Scope of forensic science, Need of

forensic science, Basic principles of forensic science, Tools and techniques in forensic
science, Branches of forensic science, Data depiction, Report writing, Forensic
science in India: Organizational set up of forensic science laboratories.
Unit – II – Criminology
Definition, aims and scope, Theories of criminal behavior, Criminal anthropology,

Criminal profiling, Role of media, Elements, nature, causes and consequences of
crime, Deviant behavior, Hate crimes, organized crimes and public disorder, Social
change and crime, Understanding modus operandi, Investigative strategy, Police’s
power of investigation, Filing of criminal charges, Correctional measures and
rehabilitation of offenders.
Unit – III – Crime Scene Management
Crime scene investigations, Protecting and isolating the crime scene, Crime scene
search methods, Documentation of crime scene by photography, sketching and field
notes, Types, significance and classification of physical and trace evidence, Locard
Principle, Collection and care of evidence, Submission of evidence, Chain of custody,
Reconstruction of crime scene.
Glass evidence – collection, packaging, analysis, matching of glass samples by
mechanical fit and refractive index measurements, Fracture analysis and direction of
impact.
Paint evidence – collection, packaging and preservation, Analysis by destructive and
nondestructive methods, Importance of paint evidence in hit and run cases.
Fiber evidence – artificial and man-made fibers, Collection of fiber evidence,
Identification and comparison of fibers
Soil evidence – importance, location, collection and comparison of soil samples
Toolmark evidence, Classification of toolmarks, Forensic importance of toolmarks,
Collection, preservation and matching of toolmarks, Restoration of erased serial
numbers and engraved marks
Page | 43
Practical:
1. To study the history of crime cases from forensic science perspective.

2. To review the sections of forensic science at INTERPOL and compare with
those in Central Forensic Science Laboratories in India. Include suggestions
for improvements if any.
3. To study the annual reports of National Crime Records Bureau and depict the
data on different type of crime cases by way of smart art/templates.
4. To examine the hierarchical set up of different forensic science establishments
and suggest improvements.
5. To examine the list of projects undertaken by the Bureau of Police Research
and Development and suggest the thrust areas of research in Police Science.
6. To compare and contrast the role of a Police Academy and a Police Training
School.
7. To compare the code of conduct prescribed by different establishments for
forensic scientists.
8. To review past criminal cases and elucidate which theory best explains the
criminal behavior of the accused.
9. To review crime cases where criminal profiling assisted the police to
apprehend the accused.
10. To examine the role of media in creating awareness on right to live in a crime-
free society.
11. To evaluate the post-trauma stress amongst victims of racial discrimination.
12. To compare glass samples by refractive index method.
13. To compare paint samples by thin layer chromatography.
14. To compare fibre evidence by examining their cross sections.
15. To compare soil samples by density gradient method.
16. To identify and compare tool marks.
Learning Outcome:
i. The significance of forensic science to human society.

ii. The fundamental principles and functions of forensic science.
iii. The working of the forensic establishments in India and abroad.
iv. The causes of criminal behavior and significance of criminal profiling.
v. The consequences of crime in society.
vi. The methods of securing, searching and documenting crime scenes.
vii. The art of collecting, packaging, preserving and analyzing different types
of physical and trace evidence.
Reference Books:
1. B.B. Nanda and R.K. Tiwari, Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the
Twenty First Century, Select Publishers, New Delhi (2001).
Page | 44
3. D.E. Zulawski and D.E. Wicklander, Practical Aspects of Interview and
Interrogation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2002).
5. J.L. Jackson and E. Barkley, Offender Profiling: Theory, Research and
Practice, Wiley, Chichester (1997).
6. M. Byrd, Crime Scene Evidence: A Guide to the Recovery and Collection of
Physical Evidence, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2001).
Page | 45
BSFSGE – 200 – Forensic Dermatoglyphics
Unit – I – Basics of fingerprinting
Introduction and history, with special reference to India, Biological basis of

fingerprints, Formation of ridges, Fundamental principles of fingerprinting, Types of
fingerprints, Fingerprint patterns, Fingerprint characters, Plain and rolled
fingerprints, Classification method for fingerprint record keeping, Automated
Fingerprint Identification System.
Unit – II – Development of Fingerprints
Latent prints. Constituents of sweat residue, Latent fingerprints’ detection by

physical and chemical techniques, Mechanism of detection of fingerprints by
different developing reagents, Application of light sources in fingerprint detection,
Preservation of developed fingerprints.
Unit – III – Other Impressions
Importance of footprints, Casting of foot prints, Electrostatic lifting of latent foot

prints. Lip prints - Nature, location, collection and examination of lip prints, Ear
prints and their significance, Palm prints and their historical importance.
Practical:
1. To enumerate with the aid of diagrams, different types of fingerprint patterns

and fingerprint characters.
2. To record plain and rolled Fingerprints.
3. To identify core and delta in sample fingerprints.
4. To examine the patterns of all your ten fingers and carry out the primary
classification of your index card.
5. To detect of fingerprints by powder method.
6. To detect fingerprints by ninhydrin method
7. To detect fingerprints by iodine method.
8. To detect fingerprints by silver nitrate method
9. To lift the developed fingerprints from different surfaces using tape.
10. To cast footprints using plaster of Paris.
11. To study the patterns in lip prints.
Learning Outcome:
i. The fundamental principles on which the science of fingerprinting is

based.
ii. Fingerprints are the most infallible means of identification.
iii. The world’s first fingerprint bureau was established in India.
Page | 46
iv. The method of classifying criminal record by fingerprints was worked
out in India, and by Indians.
v. The physical and chemical techniques of developing fingerprints on crime
scene evidence.
vi. The significance of foot, palm, ear and lip prints.
Reference Books:
1. J.E. Cowger, Friction Ridge Skin, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1983).
2. D.A. Ashbaugh, Quantitative-Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis, CRC Press,
Boca Raton (2000).
3. C. Champod, C. Lennard, P. Margot an M. Stoilovic, Fingerprints and other
Ridge Skin Impressions, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2004).
4. Lee and Gaensleen’s, Advances in Fingerprint Technology, 3rd Edition, R.S.
Ramotowski (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).
Page | 47
BSFSGE – 300 – Forensic Chemistry
Unit – I – Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Distillation and fractionation of petroleum, Commercial uses of different petroleum

fractions, Analysis of petroleum products, Analysis of traces of petroleum products in
forensic exhibits, Comparison of petroleum products, Adulteration of petroleum
products.
Unit – II – Narcotics, Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Alcoholic

Beverages
Natural and synthetic, Drug dependence, Classification of drugs of abuse – narcotics,

hallucinogens, depressants, stimulants and anabolic steroids, Withdrawal symptoms,
Tests of narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances of Alcoholic and non-alcoholic
beverages, Analysis of alcoholic beverages, Detection and determination of ethanol
and methanol, Licit and illicit liquors.
Unit – III – Explosives
Classification of explosives – low explosives and high explosives, Homemade

explosives, Military explosives, Blasting agents, Synthesis and characteristics of TNT,
PETN and RDX, Explosion process, Blast waves, Bomb scene management,
Searching the scene of explosion.
Practical:
1. To carry out analysis of gasoline.

2. To carry out analysis of diesel.
3. To carry out analysis of kerosene oil.
4. To identify illicit drugs by spot tests.
5. To perform color tests for opiates.
6. To perform color tests for barbiturates.
7. To identify methyl alcohol.
8. To identify ethyl alcohol.
9. To carry out chemical tests on explosive substances.
Learning Outcome:
i. The methods of analyzing trace amounts of petroleum products in crime

scene evidence.
ii. The methods of analyzing contaminants in petroleum products.
iii. The classification and characteristics of the narcotics, drugs and
Page | 48
iv. The methods of identifying narcotics, drugs and psychotropic substances.
v. The forensic identification of illicit liquors.
vi. The classification of explosives, including the synthesis and
characterization of representative analogs.
vii. The significance of bomb scene management.
Reference Books:
York (1995).
4. F.G. Hofmann, A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2nd Edition, Oxford
University Press, New York (1983).
Page | 49
BSFSGE – 400 – Forensic Biology and Serology
Unit – I – Biological Evidence
Nature and importance of biological evidence, Significance of hair evidence,

Transfer, persistence and recovery of hair evidence, Structure of human hair,
Comparison of hair samples, Morphology and biochemistry of human hair,
Comparison of human and animal hair, Types and identification of microbial
organisms of forensic significance, Identification of wood, leaves, pollens and juices
as botanical evidence, Diatoms and their forensic significance.
Unit – II – Forensic Importance of Body fluids
Identification of body fluids, Composition and functions of blood, Collection and

preservation of blood evidence, Distinction between human and non-human blood,
Determination of blood groups, Antigens and antibodies, Semen Forensic
significance of semen, Composition, functions and morphology of spermatozoa,
Collection, evaluation and tests for identification of semen, Individualization on the
basis of semen examination, Composition, functions and forensic significance of
saliva, sweat, milk and urine, Tests for their identifications.
Unit – III – Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Bloodstain characteristics, Impact bloodstain patterns, Cast-off bloodstain patterns,

projected bloodstain patterns, Contact bloodstain patterns, Blood trails, Bloodstain
drying times, Documentation of bloodstain pattern evidence, Crime scene
reconstruction with the aid of bloodstain pattern analysis.
Practical:
1. To examine hair morphology and determine the species to which the hair
belongs.
2. To prepare slides of scale pattern of human hair.
3. To examine human hair for cortex and medulla.
4. To carry out microscopic examination of pollen grains.
5. To carry out microscopic examination of diatoms.
6. To determine blood group from fresh blood samples.
7. To carry out chemical identification of human blood.
8. To carry out crystal test of human blood.
9. To carry out cross-over electrophoresis.
10. To carry out identification of saliva.
11. To carry out identification of urine.
Page | 50
12. To study the correlation between impact angle and shape of bloodstain.
13. To identify the point of convergence from the bloodstain patterns.
Learning Outcome:
i. The significance of biological and serological evidence.

ii. The forensic importance of hair evidence.
iii. The importance of biological fluids – blood, urine, semen, saliva, sweat
iv. The importance of bloodstain patterns in reconstructing the crime scene.
Reference Books:
1. L. Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York
(1988).
2. W.G. Eckert and S.H. James, Interpretation of Bloodstain Evidence at Crime
Scenes, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1989).
4. G.T. Duncan and M.I. Tracey, Serology and DNA typing in, Introduction to
Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edition, W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton
(1997).
Page | 51
BSFSGE – 500 – Forensic Anthropology and Forensic Medicine
Unit – I – Significance of Forensic Anthropology
Scope of forensic anthropology, Study of human skeleton, Nature, formation, and

identification of human bones, Determination of age, sex, stature from skeletal
material
Unit – II – Personal Identification – Somatoscopy and Somatometry
Somatoscopy – observation of hair on head, forehead, eyes, root of nose, nasal

bridge, nasal tip, chin, Darwin’s tubercle, ear lobes, supra-orbital ridges,
physiognomic ear breadth, circumference of head. Scar marks and occupational
marks. Somatometry – measurements of head, face, nose, cheek, ear, hand and foot,
body weight, height. Indices - cephalic index, nasal index, cranial index, upper facial
index.
Unit – III – Facial Reconstruction
Portrait Parle/ Bertillon system, Photofit identification kit, Facial superimposition

techniques, Cranio facial super imposition techniques – photographic super
imposition, videosuperimposition, Roentgenographic superimposition, Use of
somatoscopic and craniometric methods in reconstruction, Importance of tissue
depth in facial reconstruction, Genetic and congenital anomalies – causes, types,
identification and their forensic significance.
Practical:
1. To determine of age from skull and teeth.

2. To determine of sex from skull.
3. To determine sex from pelvis.
4. To study identification and description of bones and their measurements.
5. To investigate the differences between animal and human bones.
6. To perform somatometric measurements on living subjects.
7. To carry out craniometric measurements of human skull.
8. To estimate stature from long bone length.
9. To conduct portrait parley using photofit identification kit.
Learning Outcome:
i. Importance of forensic anthropology in identification of persons.

ii. Different techniques of facial reconstruction and their forensic
importance.
iii. Significance of somatoscopy and somatometry.
Page | 52
Reference Books:
1. M.Y. Iscan and S.R. Loth, The scope of forensic anthropology in, Introduction
to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Ed., W.G. Eckert (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton
(1997).
2. D. Ubelaker and H. Scammell, Bones, M. Evans & Co., New York (2000).
3. S.Rhine, Bone Voyage: A Journey in Forensic Anthropology, University of
Mexico Press, Mexico (1998).
Page | 53
BSFSGE – 600 – Computer Forensic and Cyber Crime
Unit – I – Fundamentals and Concept
Fundamentals of computers Hardware and accessories – development of hard disk,

physical construction, CHS and LBA addressing, encoding methods and formats,
Memory and processor, Methods of storing data, Operating system, Software,
Introduction to network, LAN, WAN and MAN.
Unit – II – Computer Crimes
Definition and types of computer crimes, Distinction between computer crimes and
conventional crimes, Reasons for commission of computer crimes, Breaching
security and operation of digital systems, Computer virus, and computer worm –
Trojan horse, trap door, super zapping, logic bombs, Types of computer crimes –
computer stalking, pornography, hacking, crimes related to intellectual property
rights, computer terrorism, hate speech, private and national security in cyber space.
Unit – III – Computer Forensics Investigations
Seizure of suspected computer, Preparation required prior to seizure, Protocol to be

taken at the scene, Extraction of information from the hard disk, Treatment of
exhibits, creating bitstream of the original media, Collection and seizure of magnetic
media, Legal and privacy issues, Examining forensically sterile media, Restoration of
deleted files, Password cracking and E-mail tracking, Encryption and decryption
methods, Tracking users.
Practical:
1. To identify, seize and preserve digital evidence from crime scenes.

2. To detect deletions, obliterations and modifications of files using encase
software.
3. To trace routes followed by e-mails and chats.
4. To identify the IP address of the sender of e-mails.
5. To demonstrate concealment techniques using cryptographic PGP.
6. To identify encrypted files.
7. To identify hidden files.
8. To use digital signatures for securing e-mail and online transactions.
9. To acquire data from PCs/laptops/HDDs/USBs, pen drives, memory cards
and SIM cards.
10. To use symmetric and asymmetric keys for protection of digital record.
11. To carry out imaging of hard disks.
Page | 54
Learning Outcome:
i. The basics of digital forensics.

ii. The cases which fall under the purview of digital crimes.
iii. The types of digital crimes. d. The elements involved in investigation of
digital crimes.
Reference Books:
1. R.K. Tiwari, P.K. Sastry and K.V. Ravikumar, Computer Crimes and Computer
Forensics, Select Publishers, New Delhi (2003).
2. C.B. Leshin, Internet Investigations in Criminal Justice, Prentice Hall, New
Jersey (1997).
4. E. Casey, Digital Evidence and Computer Crime, Academic Press, London
(2000).
Page | 55
Skill Based Course Subject for III and IV Semester
BSFSSC – 100 – Forensic Science and Development in Society
Unit – I – Forensic Engineering
Role of mechanical, electronics and computer engineers in forensic science, Accident

investigations, Failure of signaling and control systems, Ergonomics, Applications of
animations, simulations and digital imaging in solving crime cases, Episodes
involving fire engineering.
Unit – II – Forensic Archeology
Role of forensic archeology, searching the archeological site, Methods of digging the
burial site, Recovery of remains, documenting the recovered material, Preservation
of remains
Unit – III – Forensic Intelligence
Role of forensic intelligence in crime analysis, Methods of crime analysis, Databases

in forensic intelligence, Management of serial crimes by application of forensic
intelligence.
Learning Outcome:
i. Importance of forensic engineering.

ii. Importance of forensic archeology.
iii. Importance of forensic intelligence.
Reference Books:
1. J.F. Brown and K.S. Obenski, Forensic Engineering – Reconstruction of

Accidents, C.C. Thomas, Springfield (1990).
2. E.W. Killam, The Detection of Human Remains, C.C. Thomas, Springfield
(1990).
3. R.K. Noon, Introduction to Forensic Engineering, CRC Press, Boca Raton
(1992).
4. O. Ribaux and P. Margot in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Volume 1, J.A.
Siegel, P.J. Saukko and G.C. Knupfer (Ed.), Academic Press, London (2000).
Page | 56
BSFSSC – 200 – Introduction to Biometry
Unit – I – Fundamental Aspects
Definition, characteristics and operation of biometric system, Classification of

biometric systems – physiological and behavioral, Strength and weakness of
physiological and behavioral biometrics, Multimodal biometrics, Key biometric
processes – enrollment, identification and verification, Positive and negative
identification, Performance measures used in biometric systems – FAR, FRR, GAR,
FTA, FTE and ATV, Biometric versus traditional technologies.
Unit – II – Physiological Biometrics
Fingerprints, palm prints, iris, retina, geometry of hand and face
Unit – III – Behavioral Biometrics
Handwriting, signatures, keystrokes, gait and voice
Learning Outcome:
i. The basis of biometry.

ii. The classification of biometric processes.
iii. The importance of behavioral biometry.
Reference Books:
1. S. Nanavati, M. Thieme and R. Nanavati, Biometrics, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.

(2002).
2. P. Reid, Biometrics for Network Security, New Delhi (2004).
3. J.R. Vacca, Biometric Technologies and Verification Systems, Butterworth-
Heinemann, Oxford (2007).
Page | 57
BSFSSC – 300 – Handwriting and its identification and recognition
Unit – I – Handwriting Identification
Basis of handwriting identification, Characteristics of handwriting – scope and

application, Class and individual characteristics, Arrangement, alignment, margin,
slant, speed, pressure, spacing, line quality, embellishments, movement and pen lifts,
Factors influencing handwriting – physical, mechanical, genetic and physiological.
Unit – II – Handwriting Examination
Basis of handwriting comparison, Collection of handwriting samples, Forgery

detection, Counterfeiting, Examination of altered and erased documents, Tools used
in handwriting examination.
Unit – III – Handwriting Recognition
Basis of handwriting recognition, Off-line and on-line handwriting recognition, Steps

involved in handwriting recognition – pre-processing, feature extraction and
classification. Applications of handwriting recognition
Learning Outcome:
i. Important features in handwriting identification.

ii. Basis of handwriting characteristics.
iii. Significance of forensic documentation.
Reference Books:
1. O. Hilton, Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents, CRC Press, Boca

Raton (1982).
in Civil and Criminal Cases, 4th Edition, Foundation Press, New York (1995).
3. R.N. Morris, Forensic Handwriting Identification: Fundamental Concepts and
Principles, Academic Press, London (2000).
4. E. David, The Scientific Examination of Documents – Methods and
Techniques, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis, Hants (1997).
5. Z. Liu, J.H. Cai and R. Buse, Handwriting Recognition: Soft Computing and
Probabilistic Approach (Volume 133), Springer Science and Business Media
(2003).
Page | 58

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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology

B.Sc. in Forensic Science

Passed Class XII from a recognized Board in science stream

B.Sc. in Forensic Science

a) Academic Sessions Starts in August.

Paper Code Course Contents Marks Credit

Second Semester Examination (Core Theory)

Paper Code Course Contents Marks Credit

Third Semester Examination (Core Theory)

Paper Code Course Contents Marks Credit

Fourth Semester Examination (Core Theory)

Paper Code Course Contents Marks Credit

Fifth Semester Examination (Core Theory)

Paper Code Course Contents Marks Credit

Sixth Semester Examination (Core Theory)

Paper Code Course Contents Marks Credit

One each in Semester I, II

Skill Based Courses

Paper – I – Introduction to Forensic Science (BSFS – 101)

Unit – I – History and Development of Forensic Science

Functions of forensic science, Historical aspects of forensic science, Definitions and

Frye case and Daubert standard

Unit – II – Tools and Techniques in Forensic Science

Branches of forensic science, Forensic science in international perspectives,

Unit – III – Organizational set up of Forensic Science Laboratories in

Hierarchical set up of Central Forensic Science Laboratories, State Forensic Science

1. To study the history of crime cases from forensic science perspective.

i. The significance of forensic science to human society.

Unit – I – Basics of Criminology

Definition, aims and scope, Theories of criminal behavior – classical, positivist,

Unit – III – Criminal Justice System

i. The importance of criminology.

1. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific

Paper – I – Forensic Law (BSFS – 201)

Unit – I – Law to Combat Crime

a. Classification – civil, criminal cases, Essential elements of criminal law,

Unit – II – Constitution of India

Unit – III – Acts Pertaining to Socio-economic and Environmental

1. To prepare a schedule of five cognizable and five non-cognizable offences.

i. Elements of Criminal Procedure Code related to forensic science.

Unit – I – Basics of Forensic Psychology

Definition and fundamental concepts of forensic psychology and forensic psychiatry,

Unit – II – Psychology and Criminal Behavior

Psychopathology and personality disorder, Psychological assessment and its

Unit – III – Detection of Deception

Tools for detection of deception – interviews, non-verbal detection, statement

i. The overview of forensic psychology and its applications.

Paper – I – Forensic Dermatoglyphics (BSFS – 301)

Unit – I – Basics of Fingerprinting

Introduction and history with special reference to India, Biological basis of

Unit – II – Development of Fingerprints

Latent prints, Constituents of sweat residue, Latent fingerprints’ detection by

Unit – III – Other Impressions

Importance of footprints, Casting of foot prints, Electrostatic lifting of latent foot

1. To record plain and rolled fingerprints.

1. The fundamental principles on which the science of fingerprinting is based.

Sample preparation for chromatographic and spectroscopic evidence,

Fundamental principles, Different types of microscopes, Electron microscope,

Unit – III – Forensic Photography

Basic principles and applications of photography in forensic science, 3D

1. To determine the concentration of a colored compound by colorimetry

i. The importance of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques in

1. D.A. Skoog, D.M. West and F.J. Holler, Fundamentals of Analytical

Unit – I – Crime Scene Management