19FMB030

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Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and

Technology University, Gopalganj-8100.
Assignment Topic: Brackish water and Mangrove environment
Course Title: Mangrove Fishery Resources Conservation
Course Code: FMB 419
Submitted by Submitted to
Name: Baized Hossain Meem Dr. Md. Hasan Faruque
Student ID: 19 FMB 030 Associate Professor,
Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Dept. of Fisheries,
Bioscience, Dhaka University.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Science and Technology University.
Submission date: 04.07.2024
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Brackish water and Mangrove environment
Brackish water is a broad term used to describe water that is more saline than freshwater but less
saline than true marine environments. Often these are transitional areas between fresh and marine
waters. An estuary, which is the part of a river that meets the sea, is the best known example
of brackish water.
Some mangroves remove salt from brackish estuarine waters through ultra-filtration in their
roots. Other species have special glands on their leaves that actively secrete salt, a process that
leaves visible salt crystals on the upper surface of the leaves.
A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water. Mangroves
grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal rivers. They have special
adaptations to take in extra oxygen and to remove salt, which allow them to tolerate conditions
that would kill most plants. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of
such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse, as a result of convergent evolution in several
plant families. They occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics and even some temperate
coastal areas, mainly between latitudes 30° N and 30° S, with the greatest mangrove area within
5° of the equator.[1][2] Mangrove plant families first appeared during the Late Cretaceous to
Paleocene epochs, and became widely distributed in part due to the movement of tectonic plates.
The oldest known fossils of mangrove palm date to 75 million years ago.
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Brackish water (less commonly brack water) is salt water and fresh water mixed together. It is
saltier than fresh water, but not as salty as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with
fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers.
Some human activities can produce brackish water, mostly certain civil engineering projects such
as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish pools for freshwater prawns.
Technically, brackish water contains between 0.5 and 30 grams of salt per litre—more often
expressed as 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand (ppt or ‰). Thus, brackish covers a range of salinity
regimes and is not considered a precisely defined condition. It is characteristic of many brackish
surface waters that their salinity can vary considerably over space and/or time.
Water salinity based on dissolved salts in parts per thousand (ppt)
Fresh water Brackish water Saline water Brine
< 0.5 0.5—35 35—50 >
The most important brackish water habitats are estuaries, where a river meets the sea, mixing salt
and fresh water. The River Thames flowing through London is one of the most familiar of river
estuaries.
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Brackish seas
o Baltic Sea (the world’s largest pool of brackish water)
o Black Sea
o Caspian Sea (world’s largest lake)
o Brackish water lakes
o Lake Charles in Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA
o Chilika Lake, Odisha, India
o Pangong Tso (Lake) in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
o Lake Van, Turkey
o Coastal lagoons, marshes, and deltas
o The Burgas Lakes near the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
o Kaliveli Lake, near Pondichery, India
o Kerala Backwaters, Series of lagoons and lakes in Kerala
o Lagos Lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria
o Lake Pontchartrain, north of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
o Pulicat Lake, north of Chennai, India

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o The Rann of Kutch, on the border of India and Pakistan
o Parts of the Rhône Delta, France: An area known as the Camargue
o Estuaries
o Amazon River, empties so much freshwater into the Atlantic Ocean that it reduces the
salinity of the sea for hundreds of miles
o Chesapeake Bay, in Maryland, USA
o The Fleet lagoon, Dorset, England
o Hampton Roads, Virginia, USA
o Lower Hudson River, in New York and New Jersey, USA
o Lingding Yang, Guangdong, the People's Republic of China
o Port Royal Sound part of Beaufort County, South Carolina, USA [1] Archived 2015-07-
10 at the Wayback Machine
o Saint Lawrence and Saguenay Rivers, the part downstream from Québec and Saguenay
respectively
o The Thames Estuary in South East England

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Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and

Assignment Topic: Brackish water and Mangrove environment

Course Title: Mangrove Fishery Resources Conservation

Course Code: FMB 419

Brackish water and Mangrove environment

leaves visible salt crystals on the upper surface of the leaves.

fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers.

Water salinity based on dissolved salts in parts per thousand (ppt)

Fresh water Brackish water Saline water Brine

< 0.5 0.5—35 35—50 >

o Baltic Sea (the world’s largest pool of brackish water)

o Caspian Sea (world’s largest lake)

o Brackish water lakes

o Lake Charles in Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA

o Chilika Lake, Odisha, India

o Pangong Tso (Lake) in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India

o Lake Van, Turkey

o Coastal lagoons, marshes, and deltas

o The Burgas Lakes near the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast

o Kaliveli Lake, near Pondichery, India

o Kerala Backwaters, Series of lagoons and lakes in Kerala

o Lagos Lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria

o Lake Pontchartrain, north of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

o Pulicat Lake, north of Chennai, India

o The Rann of Kutch, on the border of India and Pakistan

o Parts of the Rhône Delta, France: An area known as the Camargue

salinity of the sea for hundreds of miles

o Chesapeake Bay, in Maryland, USA

o The Fleet lagoon, Dorset, England

o Hampton Roads, Virginia, USA

o Lower Hudson River, in New York and New Jersey, USA

o Lingding Yang, Guangdong, the People's Republic of China

10 at the Wayback Machine

o The Thames Estuary in South East England

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