2521/302 2602/30 2601/302 2603/302, MICROCONTROLLER TECHNOLOGY AND MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS June/July 2022 Time: 3 hours THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL, DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING. (POWER OPTION) (TELECOMMUNICATION OPTION) (INSTRUMENTATION OPTION) MODULE It MICROCONTROLLER TECHNOLOGY AND MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS. hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES You should have the following for this examination: Answer booklet; 8080/8085 Microprocessor Instruction Set; Non programmable Scientific calculator. This paper consists of EIGHT questions in TWO sections; A and B. Answer any THREE questions from section A and TWO questions from section B in the answer booklet provided. All questions carry equéil marks. All necessary working must be clearly shown. Maximum marks foreach part of a question are as indicated. Candidates should answer the questions in English. This paper consists of 11 printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing. (© 2022 The Kenya National Examinations Councilwe © (o) (d) 2. (a) (b) 2521/302 2602/302 June/July 2022 ®,, SECTION A: MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS Answer any THREE questions from this section. Staté the function of each of the following microprocessor registers: (@, -< index; “stack pointer. (2 marks) State the addressing mode and the length of machine codes, in bytes for each of the following 8085 microprocessor instructions: @ — JNZ2000H; (i) STAXD; (ii) MVIA,20H. (6 marks) With the aid of a timing diagram, explain the microcomputer memory read instruction cycle. (6 marks) With the aid of an example, describe each of the following assembler directives: @ — EQU; Gi) DS; Gi) ORG. (6 marks) State two methods of passing parameters to subroutines. (2 marks) The following pseudo-code is used to implement a subroutine to multiply an 8-1 number by 10. Start ~ Shift number left once SS ~ Save result in a register i ~ Shift number left twice 3 ja ~ Sum the result with that saved in register Ss xd 2 : Retum RP aps 0 (@® Implement the pseudo-code in assembly language. 2601/302 z 2603/302Gi) Using the subroutine, write a program to multiply 2 we eS qos (c) Describe each of the following interrupts: @® vectored; oo ) Gi) maskable. et \ (4 marks) @ — State: tel @, two merits of direct memory address (DMA) transfer; Gi) two input/output (1/0) devices suitable for DMA transfer. (4 marks) (©) _ Differentiate between a compiler and an interpreter. (2 marks) Draw flowchart to outline sequence of steps followed in developing a modern aX, Microprocessor-based system. LPerss\ (6 marks) Ry fer (b) Describe each of the following microprocessor development tools: (i) assembler; cae (ii) emulator, . - (iii) loader. (c) State two merits of hard-wired control unit. (2 marks) (6 marks) (@ —_ ACPU control memory is 24-bits wide. It is divided into address and micro-instructions portions, The micro-instruction portion has 13-bits and is further subdivided into two fields; a micro-operation field, which specifies the micro instruction to be performed and a flags field, which specifies a condition based on the flags. There are 8 flags. Determine the: (number of bits used to select the flags; . (ii) maximum addressable memory space; Gii) maximum number of CPU micro-instructions. (6 marks) 2521/302 —2601/302 3 ‘Turn over 2602/302 2603/302 } JunelSuly 2022# @ ) o @ ij ©@ ) © 2521/302 2602/302 Junel duly 2022 State two advantages of serial - over - parallel data transfer in a microprocessor system. (2 marks) Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a microprocessor interfaced to a digital - to - analog converter (DAC). : 8-bit data bus —— Miopocsor ac STROBE Fig. 1 With aid of a timing diagram, explain the data transfer process across the system, (marks) Enumerate the sequence of events that occur when a CPU is interrupted by an external interrupt. (6 marks) Draw a seligmatic block diagram of a programmable inputoutput (PIO) device and state the function of each part. (6 marks) Draw a flowchart to outline the fault diagnosis procedure of a microprocessor-based ” system, (6 marks) State two common faults in each of the following electronic components: a resistors; Gi) capacitors; Gi) Integrated Circuits (ICs); (iv) Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). : (8 marks) Write a pseudo-code to test a single RAM location with check-pattes OOH and AAH ‘Then report whether the location is OKAY or NOT. (6 marks) 2601/302 4 2603/302SECTION B: MICROCONTROLLER TECHNOLOGY Answer TWO questions from this section. 6. (a) _Define each of the following with respect to process oil @ lag time; Gi) dead band; Gii) set-point. @ marks) (By @ State two merits of pneumatic actuatOP= GSS “Figure 2 shows'a diagram of a pneumatic actuator. ‘Gap ‘Current input Nozzle ‘Supply ———— pressure Ramee Pressure signal Fig. 2 (Describe the operation of the actuator. (1) State one area of application of the actuator. (7 marks) 2521/302 2601/302 5 ‘Turn over 2602/302 2603/302 Junel July 2022© (b) © 2521/302 2602/302 June! uby 2022 (@ State to merits of stepper motors as actuators. (ii) A 75°. per step stepper motor is commanded to go 50 steps clockwise (CW) and 20 step counter-clock wise (CCW) from a reference point. Determine the: (number of steps per revolution; (1) motor final angle from the reference point. Draw an OP-Amp based circuit diagram of a P-D controller. (3 marks) Draw ladder symbols for eich of the following: @ timer; (i) counter; Se (ii) normally closed (NC) input eM {A digital control has two inputs B and C and three outputs w, x, and y. The relationship between the outputs and inputs is as follows: * output w indicates presence of both inputs, B and C; Bac + output x indicates the presence of either inputs; gore % + output y of indicates the absence of both input s. grot ce () Draw a truth table for the system. ‘Write logic expressions for the functions. AND peel ae on Figure 3 shows a US@Cdiagram for a furnace control system. The system operates as follows: + a solar thermostat turns on and off the solar heater ifthe sun is shinning; + back-up thermostat turns on and off a conventional furnace if the solar energy is insufficient. < + If the backup furnace is on, the solar heater is off and vice versa. 2601/302, 6 2603/302(b) 2521/302 2602/302 JunetSuby 2022 Kool Kor ee LD ‘OO! @ Draw a PLC ladder diagram for the system control; LD XOor eS = ovt ‘Yo! (ii) Write down a program listing for the control program. LD enh?! LD X03 Describe three methods of programming robots, stating one suitable appli tic rea ¥ © foreach, OOS anes y Figure 4 shows two of robot joints, Lt © ve a Ho types of robot arm-joints. Lpt xool ou YOR EDA et Es SI west) Fig. 4 (a) ou (Identify each joint. “ye ees (ii) Describe the operation of each joint. a oe 40 sso 2601/302 7 {tram over 2603/302“(© State: (Three merits of using robots in industry; Gi) "Two types of robot sensors. f 252/302 2601/302 8 2602/302 — 2603/302 Snel duly 2022: Instruction Set of 8051 Microcontroller Appendix Mnemonics, Arranged Alphabetically MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION Bytes | CYCLES | FLAGS ‘ACALL sar PO +B (Py wasnt + PC 2 z ‘AD A dteet Ao (greed +A 2 > |eovac 00 AF Ari) 9A 1 1 |eovac ‘ADD A data ‘A3 daeer A 2 1 jcovac ADD A, Ro AeRn A 1 1 feovac DOC 1 deve! As (orect) + C44, 2 1 [eovac AODC A. @ Aei+C A 3 1 beovac AOD A héata Ae Hoata C4 2 1 [eovac ADOC AR AeRarcva 1 1 feovac AMP node earss 4 PC 2 2 AN A eee ‘AANO (direc) + A 2 1 ant A QR ‘AANO (Ft) 1 1 ANL A, sts ‘AAND Hist A 2 1 ANE AR AND Rn 1 ‘ ANL cied A (cee) AND A» (dees) 2 ; ! ANC cect hea (rach AUD #403 - rect) 3 2 Ane C8 CAND + 2 2 |e AM CB CANOBT 2 als CINE A dract ot [A2> (cet PC +36 rl + OC 3 2 {c GONE A, wa, (Aer doi: PC +3 reo Po 3 215 GINE GR. Koa, ce! | {FB} «dab PC + rata PC 3 oe: GINE fo, Riot rol | [Re dala PC +3 +11 4 PC 2 ee cin A ona 3 ‘ CUR bt O-bk 2 1 jeune gac ; 1 fo icra Kan 4 3 cm. bi Bt be 2 a t crac Tac 1 yee. DAA Ab = Ace ' fete DEC A Ath 1 1 DEC diac (eect) 1 (rect) 2 ' DEC er (y= 1 08) : 1 DEC Rr Ranta Rn fet 4 DAB AB AB Spa a jo DUNE oct oh ((arecy=1-< 00; P+ 3¢tsec |. 3 2 DAME Ro (TOON: PC+z6m@ PC |e 2 Teza reer 1 3 Wie aroet (eect) 1+ (Sree ee Inc OFTR DPTR +14 0PTR 1 2 inc GR yet (Ra) 1 1 WNC Re Bnet Rn 1 5 8 ba a [beth PC +3 + rt +c 3 2 SBC Bi rt Dei} PG 3+ 101+ PCO aba 3 2 JC rat [CrIkPC+ 2+ lho 2 2 ; IP @A + 0PTR DPTR +A PC 1 2 SN biel (=O PC +3 ra PC 3 2 ONG raf fOs0k PC +2 r+ PC 2 2 " NZ ret WOODE PC #2 + lee PC 2 z sy 22 rat (a=00} PC +2 + mi PC 2 2 UcALL asaré | oc+3.1 (Ser moe Po : 2 foc, | UMP aad aang +9 PC 3 z OW A dower (eat) + 2 : 2 fMov a ert Ria 4 1 fo 0 bam estas A A t MOV & Ra Raa 1 1 MOY cir A A> (rect) 2 1 MOV ciel eect (erect veer) sha Mov ane G2 Rye, 3 2 t Mov cirec, Hasta ala (ore) 3 2 MOV arect Rn Rn ~ eerec 2 2 | MOV tC cust z aol | mov ci mec Bla 4 MOV GRA RoR) 3 MOV GPR cect (eect) =» 8) 2 2 2521/302 2601/302 9 ‘Turn overBYTES | CYCLES | FLAGS 3 Te : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 1 2 : 2 : = 2 ‘ i : 2 : i : 2 + 3 2 2 2 2 ; 2 2 : 2 : 3 Ren [tsr}apecer ' : aa | AbwAte AS. eAtm0 : : ruc A Geareat.caore 4 ‘ ata eae ae re : : men Caras oad : : sero ve tao 2 : Sere c ise ; : SMP tt Ford emiare ? 2 SUEB A dee Antenne A 2 : S088 A ga Antica : 1 ‘SUBS A Set, Aotanace- a 2 ‘ $SUB0 AR ARre-sa ; : SHae A ‘iat ann : ' AHA orc ‘ee fech, 2 : | xen Nan ASR i 1 cH A Rn a : : XG10 A wee Aono sn : : RAG xO ete A 2 : : xR Noe axon nA : ' aL Ate ‘Axon ida +A 2 : x AR AxORRawA ‘ : at aie (Gena) KORA rec) 2 i p_ | oR seecteime | (6rec}XOR pda teat 3 2 ~~", AGRONYNS SoG Page ares of 1 ts, wena sae 2K page a he aes of ft S<, Seeeis Sates ay teat nom fe marry aes Bi" Theses a ett in the nina RAM Dede ten ora Bm an SFR. © “The carry flag. cam ns Say ruber rm 06 FF. 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