2.6 DERSG DG Discussion

Distributed Energy and
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
Distributed Energy
Resources
and Smart Grids
Week 2 – New Generation
Session 6 – Discussion
Chapter 2
2.6.1
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
Summary of
Generation Technology
Chapter 2
2.6.2
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
CLASSIC GENERATION
Coal-fired power Gas-fired power Nuclear power

Ramp Rate Medium-fast Fast Slow
Intermittency Low Low None
Inertia High High High
LCOE ($/MWh) $30-100 $30-90 $100-150
Evolution of Increasing Overall decreasing Increasing
LCOE (capital cost and (cheaper tech (capital cost and
regulations) but higher fuel cost) regulation)
Efficiency 33-37% 38-57% (CCP) 20%
Capacity Factor 50-80% 50-80% >90%
Environmental - Air pollution - Methane emission - Nuclear accidents
- Coal ash disposal - Market sensitive - Waste disposal
Location Access to mines or Access to gas pipeline Access to water for
transportation cooling
Transformative Power Systems | Department of Energy
Levelized Costs of New Generation Resources in the Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (eia.gov)
intl-comparison-of-fossil-power-efficiency--co2-in.pdf (guidehouse.com)
The levelized cost of energy and modifications for use in electricity generation planning - ScienceDirect
Chapter 2
2.6.3
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
NEW GENERATION
Onshore Wind Energy Offshore Wind Energy PV Solar Energy

Ramp Rate Medium, wind dependent Medium, wind dependent Fast, solar dependent
Intermittency High High High
Inertia Limited Limited None
LCOE ($/MWh) $26-54 $44-143 $32-42
Evolution of Decreasing Decreasing Decreasing
LCOE
Efficiency up to 50% Up to 50% Up to 20%
Capacity Factor 25-50% 35-45% 10-20%
Environmental - Wildlife impact - Wildlife impact - Land use
- Noise - Navigation risks
- Land use - Large WF farm footprint
Location High wind location Shallow water No shadow
Renewable Power Generation Costs 2020 (irena.org)

Solar vs wind power: Which energy is best? | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)
Chapter 2
2.6.4
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
NEW GENERATION
Large Hydro Small Hydro Geothermal

Ramp Rate Fast Fast Moderate
Intermittency Low Medium Low
Inertia Large Medium High
LCOE ($/MWh) $20-190 $80-140 $44-97
Evolution of Increasing Decreasing Stable
LCOE (capital cost and
regulations)
Efficiency 90% 70-80% 10-23% (+CCH)
Capacity Factor 40-95% 20-90% 70-98%
Environmental - Habitat destruction - Habitat destruction (-) - Large land & water use
- Dam failure - Flooding -
Location Water reservoir Stream of water High geothermal activity

Energies | Sizing of Small Hydropower Plants for Highly Variable Flows in Tropical Run-of-River Installations: (mdpi.com)
Chapter 2
2.6.5
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
TRENDS
Global LCOEs from newly commissioned, utility-scale renewable power generation technologies, 2010-2020
Chapter 2
2.6.6
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
TRENDS
Global weighted-average total installed costs by technology, 2010-2020

Chapter 2
2.6.7
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
TRENDS
Global weighted-average utility-scale capacity factor by technology, 2010-2020

Chapter 2
2.6.8
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
TRENDS
The global weighted-average LCOE learning curve trends for solar PV, CSP, onshore and offshore wind, 2010-2021/23
Chapter 2
2.6.9
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
• Sources suitable for DG

• Solar PV
• Small wind turbines
• Small / modular gas turbines & CHP
• Hybrid systems (PV, CHP, and battery)
Chapter 2
2.6.10
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION - PROS
• Pros of DG
• Reduced transmission and distribution losses
• Increased grid resilience
• Reduced environmental impact
• Lower network costs
• Increased energy security
Chapter 2
2.6.11
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION - CONS
• Pros of Centralized Generation

• More efficient generation
• Higher reliability
• Lower generation cost
• Greater flexibility for the grid
• Easier maintenance
Chapter 2
2.6.12
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION - CONS
• Challenges with DG:

• Voltage fluctuation and regulation
• Short circuit contribution
• Overheating of components
• Power quality issues
• Interconnection issues
• Regulatory issues
• Capacity limitations
Chapter 2
2.6.13
Discussion
Distributed Energy and DISTRIBUTED GENERATION –
Smart Grid 4 / MSc OVERCOMING CHALLENGES
• Ways to overcome challenges with DG:

• Improved technical solutions
• Favourable regulatory framework
• Financial support
• Education and outreach
• Collaboration
Chapter 2
2.6.14
Discussion
Smart Grid 4 / MSc
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Chapter 2
2.6.15
Discussion

2.6 DERSG DG Discussion

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Distributed Energy and

Smart Grid 4 / MSc

Coal-fired power Gas-fired power Nuclear power

Onshore Wind Energy Offshore Wind Energy PV Solar Energy

Renewable Power Generation Costs 2020 (irena.org)

Large Hydro Small Hydro Geothermal

Renewable Power Generation Costs 2020 (irena.org)

Global weighted-average total installed costs by technology, 2010-2020

Global weighted-average utility-scale capacity factor by technology, 2010-2020

• Sources suitable for DG

• Pros of Centralized Generation

• Challenges with DG:

• Ways to overcome challenges with DG:

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