American Association State Highway and

Designation: A 615/A 615M – 09 Transportation Officials Standard

AASHTO No.: M 31

Standard Specification for

Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 615/A 615M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units

1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain carbon- are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are
steel bars for concrete reinforcement in cut lengths and coils. shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not
Steel bars containing alloy additions, such as with the Ameri- exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
can Iron and Steel Institute and the Society of Automotive pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systems
Engineers series of alloy steels, are permitted if the resulting may result in nonconformance with the specification.
product meets all the other requirements of this specification. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
number designations are given in Table 1. The text of this responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specification references notes and footnotes which provide priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the 2. Referenced Documents
specification.
1.2 Bars are of three minimum yield strength levels: namely, 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
40 000 [280 MPa], 60 000 [420 MPa], and 75 000 psi [520 A 6/A 6M Specification for General Requirements for
MPa], designated as Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 [420], and Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet
Grade 75 [520], respectively. Piling
1.3 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 21⁄2 in. [63.5 mm] A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
in diameter in coils or cut lengths, when ordered shall be of Steel Products
furnished under this specification in Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 A 510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire
[420], and Grade 75 [520]. For ductility properties (elongation Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel
and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal A 510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire
diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements provid- Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric)
ing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable. A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
NOTE 1—Welding of the material in this specification should be A 706/A 706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel De-
approached with caution since no specific provisions have been included
formed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
to enhance its weldability. When steel is to be welded, a welding
procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
service should be used. The use of the latest edition of AWS D 1.4/D 1.4M Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
is recommended. This document describes the proper selection of the filler E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
metals and preheat/interpass temperatures, as well as performance and Determine Conformance with Specifications
procedure qualification requirements. 2.2 AWS Standard:3
1.4 This specification is applicable for orders in either AWS D 1.4/D 1.4M Structural Welding Code—Reinforcing
inch-pound units (as Specification A 615) or in SI units (as Steel
Specification A 615M).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A01.05 on Steel Reinforcement. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A 615/A 615M – 08b. Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 A 615/A 615M – 09
TABLE 1 Deformed Bar Designation Numbers, Nominal Weights [Masses], Nominal Dimensions, and Deformation Requirements
Nominal Weight, Nominal DimensionsA Deformation Requirements, in. [mm]
Bar Designation lb/ft Cross-Sectional Maximum Minimum Maximum Gap
No. [Nominal Mass, Diameter, Perimeter,
Area, Average Average (Chord of 12.5 % of
kg/m] in. [mm] in. [mm]
in.2 [mm2] Spacing Height Nominal Perimeter)
3 [10] 0.376 [0.560] 0.375 [9.5] 0.11 [71] 1.178 [29.9] 0.262 [6.7] 0.015 [0.38] 0.143 [3.6]
4 [13] 0.668 [0.994] 0.500 [12.7] 0.20 [129] 1.571 [39.9] 0.350 [8.9] 0.020 [0.51] 0.191 [4.9]
5 [16] 1.043 [1.552] 0.625 [15.9] 0.31 [199] 1.963 [49.9] 0.437 [11.1] 0.028 [0.71] 0.239 [6.1]
6 [19] 1.502 [2.235] 0.750 [19.1] 0.44 [284] 2.356 [59.8] 0.525 [13.3] 0.038 [0.97] 0.286 [7.3]
7 [22] 2.044 [3.042] 0.875 [22.2] 0.60 [387] 2.749 [69.8] 0.612 [15.5] 0.044 [1.12] 0.334 [8.5]
8 [25] 2.670 [3.973] 1.000 [25.4] 0.79 [510] 3.142 [79.8] 0.700 [17.8] 0.050 [1.27] 0.383 [9.7]
9 [29] 3.400 [5.060] 1.128 [28.7] 1.00 [645] 3.544 [90.0] 0.790 [20.1] 0.056 [1.42] 0.431 [10.9]
10 [32] 4.303 [6.404] 1.270 [32.3] 1.27 [819] 3.990 [101.3] 0.889 [22.6] 0.064 [1.63] 0.487 [12.4]
11 [36] 5.313 [7.907] 1.410 [35.8] 1.56 [1006] 4.430 [112.5] 0.987 [25.1] 0.071 [1.80] 0.540 [13.7]
14 [43] 7.65 [11.38] 1.693 [43.0] 2.25 [1452] 5.32 [135.1] 1.185 [30.1] 0.085 [2.16] 0.648 [16.5]
18 [57] 13.60 [20.24] 2.257 [57.3] 4.00 [2581] 7.09 [180.1] 1.58 [40.1] 0.102 [2.59] 0.864 [21.9]
A
The nominal dimensions of a deformed bar are equivalent to those of a plain round bar having the same weight [mass] per foot [metre] as the deformed bar.

2.3 U.S. Military Standard:4 5. Material and Manufacture

MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage 5.1 The bars shall be rolled from properly identified heats of
2.4 U.S. Federal Standard:4 mold-cast or strand-cast steel using the electric-furnace, basic-
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) oxygen, or open-hearth process.

3. Terminology 6. Chemical Composition

3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 6.1 The chemical analysis of each heat of steel shall be
3.1.1 deformations, n—transverse protrusions on a de- determined in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
formed bar. Terminology A 751. The manufacturer shall make the analysis
3.1.2 deformed bar, n—steel bar with protrusions; a bar that on test samples taken preferably during the pouring of the heat.
is intended for use as reinforcement in reinforced concrete The percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur
construction. shall be determined. The phosphorus content thus determined
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The surface of the bar is provided with shall not exceed 0.06 %.
lugs or protrusions that inhibit longitudinal movement of the 6.2 A product check, for phosphorus, made by the purchaser
bar relative to the concrete surrounding the bar in such shall not exceed that specified in 6.1 by more than 25 %.
construction. The lugs or protusions conform to the provisions
of this specification. 7. Requirements for Deformations
3.1.3 plain bar, n—steel bar without protrusions. 7.1 Deformations shall be spaced along the bar at substan-
3.1.4 rib, n—longitudinal protrusion on a deformed bar. tially uniform distances. The deformations on opposite sides of
the bar shall be similar in size, shape, and pattern.
4. Ordering Information 7.2 The deformations shall be placed with respect to the axis
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify of the bar so that the included angle is not less than 45°. Where
all requirements that are necessary for material ordered to this the line of deformations forms an included angle with the axis
specification. Such requirements shall include but are not of the bar from 45 to 70° inclusive, the deformations shall
limited to the following: alternately reverse in direction on each side, or those on one
4.1.1 Quantity (weight) [mass], side shall be reversed in direction from those on the opposite
4.1.2 Name of the material (deformed and plain carbon- side. Where the line of deformations is over 70°, a reversal in
steel bars for concrete reinforcement), direction shall not be required.
4.1.3 Size, 7.3 The average spacing or distance between deformations
4.1.4 Cut lengths or coils, on each side of the bar shall not exceed seven tenths of the
4.1.5 Deformed or plain, nominal diameter of the bar.
4.1.6 Grade, 7.4 The overall length of deformations shall be such that the
4.1.7 Packaging (see Section 20), gap (measured as a chord) between the ends of the deforma-
4.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue, and tions shall not exceed 12.5 % of the nominal perimeter of the
4.1.9 Certified mill test reports (if desired). (See Section bar. Where the ends terminate in a rib, the width of the rib shall
16.) be considered as the gap between these ends. The summation
of the gaps shall not exceed 25 % of the nominal perimeter of
the bar. The nominal perimeter of the bar shall be 3.1416 times
4
the nominal diameter.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// 7.5 The spacing, height, and gap of deformations shall
www.dodssp.daps.mil. conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.

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 A 615/A 615M – 09
8. Measurements of Deformations 9.3.1 Test specimens taken from post-fabricated material
8.1 The average spacing of deformations shall be deter- shall not be used to determine conformance to this specifica-
mined by measuring the length of a minimum of ten spaces and tion.
dividing that length by the number of spaces included in the NOTE 3—Insufficient straightening prior to attaching the extensometer
measurement. The measurement shall begin from a point on a can result in lower-than-actual yield strength readings. Multiple bending
deformation at the beginning of the first space to a correspond- deformation from mechanical straightening and fabricating machines can
ing point on a deformation after the last included space. lead to excessive cold work, resulting in higher yield strengths, lower
Spacing measurements shall not be made over a bar area elongation values, and a reduction of the deformation height.
containing bar marking symbols involving letters or numbers. 9.4 The percentage of elongation shall be as prescribed in
8.2 The average height of deformations shall be determined Table 2.
from measurements made on not less than two typical defor-
mations. Determinations shall be based on three measurements 10. Bending Requirements
per deformation, one at the center of the overall length and the 10.1 The bend-test specimen shall withstand being bent
other two at the quarter points of the overall length. around a pin without cracking on the outside radius of the bent
8.3 Insufficient height, insufficient circumferential cover- portion. The requirements for degree of bending and sizes of
age, or excessive spacing of deformations shall not constitute pins are prescribed in Table 3. When material is furnished in
cause for rejection unless it has been clearly established by coils, the test specimen shall be straightened prior to placing it
determinations on each lot (Note 2) tested that typical defor- in the bend tester.
mation height, gap, or spacing do not conform to the minimum 10.2 The bend test shall be made on specimens of sufficient
requirements prescribed in Section 7. No rejection shall be length to ensure free bending and with apparatus which
made on the basis of measurements if fewer than ten adjacent provides:
deformations on each side of the bar are measured. 10.2.1 Continuous and uniform application of force
throughout the duration of the bending operation.
NOTE 2—As used within the intent of 8.3, the term “lot” shall mean all
the bars of one bar size and pattern of deformations contained in an 10.2.2 Unrestricted movement of the specimen at points of
individual shipping release or shipping order. contact with the apparatus and bending around a pin free to
rotate.
9. Tensile Requirements 10.2.3 Close wrapping of the specimen around the pin
9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimens, shall during the bending operation.
conform to the requirements for tensile properties prescribed in 10.3 It is permissible to use more severe methods of bend
Table 2. testing, such as placing a specimen across two pins free to
9.2 The yield point or yield strength shall be determined by rotate and applying the bending force with a fixed pin. When
one of the following methods: failures occur under more severe methods, retests shall be
9.2.1 The yield point shall be determined by drop of the permitted under the bend-test method prescribed in 10.2.
beam or halt in the gage of the testing machine.
9.2.2 Where the steel tested does not have a well-defined 11. Permissible Variation in Weight [Mass]
yield point, the yield strength shall be determined by the offset 11.1 Deformed reinforcing bars shall be evaluated on the
method (0.2 % offset), as described in Test Methods and basis of nominal weight [mass]. The weight [mass] determined
Definitions A 370. using the measured weight [mass] of the test specimen and
9.3 When material is furnished in coils, the test specimen rounding in accordance with Practice E 29, shall be at least
shall be taken from the coil and straightened prior to placing it 94 % of the applicable weight [mass] per unit length prescribed
in the jaws of the tensile machine. Straightening of test in Table 1. In no case shall overweight [excess mass] of any
specimens shall be done carefully to avoid formation of local deformed bar be the cause for rejection.
sharp bends and to minimize cold work. (See Note 3.) 11.2 Weight [mass] variation for plain bars shall be com-
puted on the basis of permissible variation in diameter. For
plain bars smaller than 3⁄8 in. [9.5 mm] in diameter, use
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Specification A 510 [Specification A 510M]. For larger bars up
Grade 40 Grade 60 Grade 75
[280]A [420] [520]
to and including 21⁄2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter, use Specifica-
tion A 6/A 6M.
Tensile strength, min, psi 60 000 [420] 90 000 [620] 100 000 [690]
[MPa]
Yield strength, min, psi 40 000 [280] 60 000 [420] 75 000 [520]
TABLE 3 Bend Test Requirements
[MPa]
Elongation in 8 in. [200 Pin Diameter for Bend TestsA
mm], min, % Bar Designation No.
Grade 40 [280] Grade 60 [420] Grade 75 [520]
Bar Designation No.
3 [10] 11 9 7 3, 4, 5 [10, 13, 16] 31⁄2 d B 3 1⁄ 2 d 5d
4, 5 [13, 16] 12 9 7 6 [19] 5d 5d 5d
6 [19] 12 9 7 7, 8 [22, 25] ... 5d 5d
7, 8 [22, 25] ... 8 7 9, 10, 11 [29, 32, 36] ... 7d 7d
9, 10, 11 [29, 32, 36] ... 7 6 14, 18 [43, 57] (90°) ... 9d 9d
14, 18 [43, 57] ... 7 6 A
Test bends 180° unless noted otherwise.
A B
Grade 40 [280] bars are furnished only in sizes 3 through 6 [10 through 19]. d = nominal diameter of specimen.

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 A 615/A 615M – 09
12. Finish 14.4 If the original test or any of the random retests fails
12.1 The bars shall be free of detrimental surface imperfec- because of any reasons listed in 14.4.1, 14.4.2, or 14.4.3, the
tions. test shall be considered an invalid test:
12.2 Rust, seams, surface irregularities, or mill scale shall 14.4.1 The elongation property of any tension test specimen
not be cause for rejection, provided the weight, dimensions, is less than that specified, and any part of the fracture is outside
cross-sectional area, and tensile properties of a hand wire the middle half of the gage length, as indicated by scribe marks
brushed test specimen are not less than the requirements of this on the specimen before testing;
specification. NOTE 6—Marking specimens with multiple scribe or punch marks can
12.3 Surface imperfections or flaws other than those speci- reduce the occurrence of fracture outside or near these marks and the need
fied in 12.2 shall be considered detrimental when specimens for declaring the test invalid.
containing such imperfections fail to conform to either tensile 14.4.2 Mechanical reasons such as failure of testing equip-
or bending requirements. Examples include, but are not limited ment or improper specimen preparation; and
to, laps, seams, scabs, slivers, cooling or casting cracks, and 14.4.3 Flaws are detected in a test specimen, either before or
mill or guide marks. during the performance of the test.
NOTE 4—Deformed reinforcing bars intended for epoxy coating appli- 14.5 The original results from 14.4.1, 14.4.2, or 14.4.3 shall
cations should have surfaces with a minimum of sharp edges to achieve be discarded and the test shall be repeated on a new specimen
proper coverage. Particular attention should be given to bar marks and from the same lot.
deformations where coating difficulties are prone to occur.
NOTE 5—Deformed reinforcing bars destined to be mechanically- 15. Test Specimens
spliced or butt-welded may require a certain degree of roundness in order 15.1 All mechanical tests shall be conducted in accordance
for the splices to adequately achieve strength requirements.
with Test Methods and Definitions A 370 including Annex A9.
13. Number of Tests 15.2 Tension test specimens shall be the full section of the
bar as rolled. The unit stress determination shall be based on
13.1 For bar sizes No. 3 to 11 [10 to 36], inclusive, one the nominal bar area.
tension test and one bend test shall be made of the largest size 15.3 The bend-test specimens shall be the full section of the
rolled from each heat. If, however, material from one heat bar as rolled.
differs by three or more designation numbers, one tension and
one bend test shall be made from both the highest and lowest 16. Test Reports
designation number of the deformed bars rolled. 16.1 When specified in the purchase order, the following
13.2 For bar sizes Nos. 14 and 18 [43 and 57], one tension information shall be reported on a per heat basis. Report
test and one bend test shall be made of each size rolled from additonal items as requested or desired.
each heat. 16.1.1 Chemical analysis including carbon, manganese,
13.3 For all bar sizes one set of dimensional property tests phosphorus, and sulfur.
including bar weight [mass] and spacing, height, and gap of 16.1.2 Tensile properties.
deformations shall be made of each bar size rolled from each 16.1.3 Bend test.
heat. 16.2 A Material Test Report, Certificate of Inspection, or
similar document printed from or used in electronic form from
14. Retests an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
14.1 If the results of an original tension specimen fail to regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in
meet the specified minimum requirements and are within 2000 the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted
psi [14 MPa] of the required tensile strength, within 1000 psi document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM
[7 MPa] of the required yield strength, or within two percent- standard(s) and conform to any EDI agreement between the
age units of the required elongation, a retest shall be permitted purchaser and the supplier. Notwithstanding the absence of a
on two random specimens for each original tension specimen signature, the organization submitting the EDI transmission is
failure from the lot. Both retest specimens shall meet the responsible for the content of the report.
requirements of this specification. NOTE 7—The industry definition invoked here is: EDI is the computer
14.2 If a bend test fails for reasons other than mechanical to computer exchange of business information in a standard format such
reasons or flaws in the specimen as described in 14.4.2 and as ANSI ASC X12.
14.4.3, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens
from the same lot. Both retest specimens shall meet the 17. Inspection
requirements of this specification. The retest shall be per- 17.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
formed on test specimens that are at air temperature but not less free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the
than 60°F [16°C]. purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s
14.3 If a weight [mass] test fails for reasons other than flaws works that concern the manufacture of the material ordered.
in the specimen as described in 14.4.3, a retest shall be The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable
permitted on two random specimens from the same lot. Both facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in
retest specimens shall meet the requirements of this specifica- accordance with this specification. All tests (except product
tion. analysis) and inspection, shall be made at the place of

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 A 615/A 615M – 09
manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and 19.3.1 Point of Origin—Letter or symbol established as the
shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s mill designation.
operation of the works. 19.3.2 Size Designation—Arabic number corresponding to
17.2 For Government Procurement Only—Except as other- bar designation number of Table 1.
wise specified in the contract, the contractor is responsible for 19.3.3 Type of Steel—Letter S indicating that the bar was
the performance of all inspection and test requirements speci- produced to this specification, or for Grade 60 [420] bars only,
fied herein. The contractor shall be permitted to use his own or letters S and W indicating that the bar was produced to meet
any other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspec- both this specification and Specification A 706/A 706M.
tion and test requirements specified herein, unless disapproved 19.3.4 Minimum Yield Strength Designation—For Grade 60
by the purchaser at the time of purchase. The purchaser shall [420] bars, either the number 60 [4] or a single continuous
have the right to perform any of the inspections and tests at the longitudinal line through at least five spaces offset from the
same frequency as set forth in this specification, where such center of the bar side. For Grade 75 [520] bars, either the
inspections are deemed necessary to ensure that material number 75 [5] or two continuous longitudinal lines through at
conforms to prescribed requirements. least five spaces offset each direction from the center of the bar.
(No marking designation for Grade 40 [280] bars.)
18. Rejection and Rehearing 19.3.5 It shall be permissible to substitute: a metric size bar
18.1 Any rejection based on testing undertaken by the of Grade 280 for the corresponding inch-pound size bar of
purchaser shall be promptly reported to the manufacturer. Grade 40, a metric size bar of Grade 420 for the corresponding
18.2 Samples tested that represent rejected material shall be inch-pound size bar of Grade 60, and a metric size bar of Grade
preserved for two weeks from the date rejection is reported to 520 for the corresponding inch-pound size bar of Grade 75.
the manufacturer. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of
the tests, the manufacturer shall have the right to make claim 20. Packaging and Package Marking
for a rehearing within that time. 20.1 Packaging, marking, and loading for shipment shall be
in accordance with Practices A 700.
19. Marking 20.2 For Government Procurement Only—When specified
19.1 When loaded for mill shipment, bars shall be properly in the contract or order, and for direct procurement by or direct
separated and tagged with the manufacturer’s heat or test shipment to the U.S. Government, marking for shipment, in
identification number. addition to requirements specified in the contract or order, shall
19.2 Each manufacturer shall identify the symbols of his be in accordance with MIL-STD-129 for military agencies and
marking system. with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies.
19.3 All bars produced to this specification, except plain
bars which shall be tagged for grade, shall be identified by a 21. Keywords
distinguishing set of marks legibly rolled onto the surface of 21.1 concrete reinforcement; deformations (protrusions);
one side of the bar to denote in the following order: steel bars

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 615/A 615M – 08b) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2009.)

(1) Deleted Footnote A under Table 1 and relabeled subse- (2) Revised 2.1, 6.1, and Table 2.
quent footnotes.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 615/A 615M – 08a) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved October 1, 2008.)

(1) Revised 9.2.2.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 615/A 615M – 08) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2008.)

(1) Revised 9.2.2 and 9.4. (2) Added 9.3, 9.3.1, and Note 3.

5
 A 615/A 615M – 09

Committee A01 has identified the location of the following changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 615/A 615M – 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2008.)

(1) Revised Table 2 and Table 3 by adding Grade 75 [520] in

the smaller bar sizes.

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