ATRIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BENGALURU

(An Autonomous Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Academic Year – 2023-2024

Research Methodology and IPR

[22RMI18]

Assignment – II

Submitted by

Student Name: Harshit Aditya

USN: 1AT23MC036
Identify the Population and perform Sample design (for the
problem of Students’ choice)
Population:
All elements that display ambiguity in the field of natural language processing (NLP) are referred to as the
population in this study environment. This covers all situations in which a word or phrase, depending on the
context, might have more than one meaning. The population would include different natural language processing
(NLP) systems, ambiguous phrases, and the range of interpretations that can result from them.

Sample Design:
For selecting the sample for this research, we will use Stratified random sampling methods where we will first
create strata of homogenous NLP systems based on the algorithms used by them.
Stratified sampling:
If a population from which a sample is to be drawn does not constitute a homogeneous group, stratified
sampling technique is generally applied in order to obtain a representative sample. Under stratified
sampling the population is divided into several sub-populations that are individually more homogeneous
than the total population (the different sub-populations are called ‘strata’) and then we select items from
each stratum to constitute a sample. Since each stratum is more homogeneous than the total population,
we are able to get more precise estimates for each stratum and by estimating more accurately each of the
component parts, we get a better estimate of the whole. In brief, stratified sampling results in more
reliable and detailed information he following three questions are highly relevant in the context of
stratified sampling:
(a) How to form strata?
(b) How should items be selected from each stratum?
(c) How many items be selected from each stratum or how to allocate the sample size of each stratum?
Regarding the first question, we can say that the strata be formed on the basis of common
characteristic(s) of the items to be put in each stratum. This means that various strata be formed in such
a way as to ensure elements being most homogeneous within each stratum and most heterogeneous
between the different strata. Thus, strata are purposively formed and are usually based on past experience
and personal judgement of the researcher. One should always remember that careful consideration of the
relationship between the characteristics of the population and the characteristics to be estimated are
normally used to define the strata. At times, pilot study may be conducted for determining a more
appropriate and efficient stratification plan. We can do so by taking small samples of equal size from
each of the proposed strata and then examining the variances within and among the possible
stratifications, we can decide an appropriate stratification plan for our inquiry.

In respect of the second question, we can say that the usual method, for selection of items for the sample
from each stratum, resorted to is that of simple random sampling. Systematic sampling can be used if it
is considered more appropriate in certain situations.

Regarding the third question, we usually follow the method of proportional allocation under which the
sizes of the samples from the different strata are kept proportional to the sizes of the strata. That is, if Pi
represents the proportion of population included in stratum i, and n represents the total sample size, the
number of elements selected from stratum i is n.Pi.
Prepare a questionnaire for any problem and collect data from at
least 30(sample)
Research topic: Understanding the impact and challenges of Open source contribution on computer
science students

1. What is your primary motivation for contributing to open source projects?

o To improve coding skills
o To give back to the community
o To build a portfolio for job applications
o To fix bugs or add features in tools I use
o Other

2. How did you first learn about open source projects?

o Through friends or colleagues
o In a class or workshop
o Online (blogs, social media, etc.)
o I discovered it while using a product
o Other
3. What challenges have you faced when contributing to open source projects?
o Understanding the codebase
o Setting up the development environment
o Interacting with the community
o Finding suitable issues to work on
o Other

4. How important is the responsiveness of the project maintainers?

o Very important
o Somewhat important
o Neutral
o Not very important
o Not important at all
5. How does contributing to open source impact your problem-solving skills?
o Significantly improves
o Somewhat improves
o No change
o Somewhat worsens
o Significantly worsens

6. What type of open source projects are you most likely to contribute to?
o Projects related to my work/study
o Projects that I personally use
o Projects where I can learn new technologies
o Projects with active and welcoming communities
o Other
7. How does recognition (like getting your PR merged, being mentioned in release notes, etc.)
affect your motivation to contribute?
o Significantly increases motivation
o Somewhat increases motivation
o No effect on motivation
o Somewhat decreases motivation
o Significantly decreases motivation

8. How important is it for you that the project has a Code of Conduct?
o Very important
o Somewhat important
o Neutral
o Not very important
o Not important at all
9. How does contributing to open source influence your teamwork skills?
o Significantly improves
o Somewhat improves
o No change
o Somewhat worsens
o Significantly worsens

10. Would you recommend others to contribute to open source? Why?

o Yes, it improves coding skills
o Yes, it provides real-world experience
o Yes, it helps in networking with other developers
o No, it requires too much time
o No, it is too complex
Identify a patentable idea and describe the process
involved in filing a patent
Patentable Idea: Implementing a hybrid approach that combines Knowledge-Based and Heuristic
Based methods with advanced machine learning techniques, to reduce ambiguity in NLP systems,
thereby enhancing the accuracy of language interpretation and improving user experience in computer-
human communication.

Steps for filing a patent in India:

Filing a patent in India involves several steps, and it's essential to follow the process carefully to ensure
that your patent application is properly prepared and filed. Here's an overview of the process:

1. Determine Patentability: Before filing a patent application, you should determine whether
your invention meets the criteria for patentability in India. The invention must be novel, involve
an inventive step, and have industrial applicability.
2. Conduct a Patent Search: It's advisable to conduct a patent search to check if your invention
is novel and not already patented or published. This search helps you assess the patentability of
your invention and avoid unnecessary expenses.
3. Draft the Patent Application: Prepare a detailed description of your invention, including
drawings if necessary. The patent application should clearly explain the technical aspects of
your invention, its novelty, and its industrial applicability
4. Choose the Type of Patent Application: In India, you can file different types of patent
applications, including:  Ordinary Patent Application: For filing a regular patent application
for any invention.  Convention Application: If you've filed a patent application in a convention
country, you can file a corresponding application in India within 12 months.  PCT International
Application: If you've filed an international application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty
(PCT), you can enter the national phase in India within 31 months.
5. File the Patent Application: Submit the patent application along with the prescribed forms,
fees, and necessary documents to the Indian Patent Office. The application can be filed
electronically or physically at one of the patent offices in India.
6. Publication of Application: Your patent application will be published in the Indian Patent
Office's official journal after 18 months from the filing date or priority date, whichever is earlier.
However, you can request early publication if needed.
7. Examination of Patent Application: The Indian Patent Office will examine your patent
application to determine whether the invention meets the criteria for patentability. This includes
assessing novelty, inventive step, and industrial applicability.
8. Respond to Office Actions: If the examiner raises any objections or issues during the
examination process, you'll need to respond to them within the specified time frame. You may
need to amend the application or provide additional information to address the examiner's
concerns.
9. Grant of Patent: If the patent office is satisfied with the examination results and all formalities
are met, they will grant the patent. The term of a patent in India is 20 years from the filing date.
10. Annuities: After the patent is granted, you'll need to pay annuities (maintenance fees)
periodically to keep the patent in force.