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    Arduino Introduction

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    talha 8byt Talha

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Arduino Introduction

    Uploaded by

    talha 8byt Talha
    3 views4 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views4 pages

    Arduino Introduction

    Uploaded by

    talha 8byt Talha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Arduino

    Arduino is a microcontroller-based open-source electronic prototyping board


    which can be programmed with an easy-to-use Arduino IDE.

    The major components of Arduino UNO board are as follows:

    1. USB connector
    2. Power port
    3. Microcontroller
    4. Analog input pins
    5. Digital pins
    6. Reset switch.
    7. Crystal oscillator
    8. USB interface chip
    9. TX RX LEDs

    USB connector:
    This is a printer USB port used to load a program from the Arduino IDE onto
    the Arduino board. The board can also be powered through this port.
    Power port:
    The Arduino board can be powered through an AC-to-DC adapter or a battery.
    The Arduino UNO board operates at a voltage of 5 volts, but it can withstand a
    maximum voltage of 20 volts. If the board is supplied with a higher voltage,
    there is a voltage regulator (it sits between the power port and USB connector)
    that protects the board from burning out.

    Microcontroller:

    It is the most prominent black rectangular chip with 28 pins. Think of it as the
    brains of your Arduino. The microcontroller has the following components in it:

    • Flash memory of 32KB. The program loaded from Arduino IDE is stored
    here.
    • RAM of 2KB. This is a runtime memory.
    • CPU: It controls everything that goes on within the device. It fetches the
    program instructions from flash memory and runs them with the help of
    RAM.
    • Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) of
    1KB. This is a type of nonvolatile memory, and it keeps the data even
    after device restart and reset.

    Analog input pins:

    The Arduino UNO board has 6 analog input pins, labeled “Analog 0 to 5.” These
    pins can read the signal from an analog sensor like a temperature sensor and
    convert it into a digital value so that the system understands. These pins just
    measure voltage and not the current because they have very high internal
    resistance. Hence, only a small number of current flows through these pins.
    Digital pins:

    You can find these pins labeled “Digital 0 to 13.” These pins can be used as
    either input or output pins. When used as output, these pins act as a power
    supply source for the components connected to them. When used as input
    pins, they read the signals from the component connected to them.

    When digital pins are used as output pins, they supply 40 milliamps of current
    at 5 volts, which is more than enough to light an LED.

    Reset switch:

    When this switch is clicked, it sends a logical pulse to the reset pin of the
    Microcontroller, and now runs the program again from the start. This can be
    very useful if your code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it multiple times.

    Crystal oscillator:

    This is a quartz crystal oscillator which ticks 16 million times a second. On each
    tick, the microcontroller performs one operation, for example, addition,
    subtraction, etc.

    USB interface chip:


    Think of this as a signal translator. It converts signals in the USB level to a level
    that an Arduino UNO board understands.
    TX – RX LEDs:

    TX stands for transmit, and RX for receive. These are indicator LEDs which blink
    whenever the UNO board is transmitting or receiving data.

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