Python for Data Science

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Agenda
• Python

– Basics of python

– Data structures in Python

– Control Structures in Python

– Loops in Python

– Functions

• Environment Setup

– Tools Installation?

– Jupyter Notebook Setup and Usage

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Agenda
• Numpy With Data Analytics

• Pandas With Python

• Introduction To Visualization With Python

– Matplotlib For Data Analytics

– Seaborn For Data Analytics

• Exploratory Data Analysis

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 Environment Set-up of Python

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Installation

Install Python on your machine. Install Anaconda

• You can download from the official • https://www.anaconda.com/download

website

• https://www.python.org/downloads

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Jupyter Installation & Usage

Using Command Prompt Using Anaconda

You can open command prompt You can open Anaconda prompt
directly type following to install directly type following to start
Jupyter notebook : Jupyter notebook :

• > pip install jupyter • > jupyter notebook

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Usage Of Jupyter notebook

• Notebook has the ability to re-run individual code

snippets, and it provides you the flexibility of modifying
them before re-running.

• You can deploy a Jupyter Notebook on a remote server

and access it from your local web browser.

• You can insert notes and documentation to your code in

a Jupyter Notebook in various formats like markdown,
latex, and HTML.

• Use a Jupyter Notebook as cells.

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Introduction
• Open Source general purpose programming language

• Object Oriented

• Programming as well as scripting language

Python is a general-purpose
programming language that is often
applied in scripting roles

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Features
• Easy to learn & use

• Interpreted language

• Open Source

• Large Standard Library

• Large Community Support

• Extensible

• Cross-platform language

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Python vs other programming languages

More user-friendly

More applications

Stability

Speed

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 Environment Setup

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Installation

Install Python on your machine. Install Anaconda

• You can download from the official • https://www.anaconda.com/download

website

• https://www.python.org/downloads

1
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2
Jupyter Installation & Usage

Using Command Prompt Using Anaconda

You can open command prompt directly You can open Anaconda prompt
type following to install Jupyter directly type following to start Jupyter
notebook : notebook :

• > pip install jupyter • > jupyter notebook

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Usage Of Jupyter notebook

• Notebook has the ability to re-run individual code

snippets, and it provides you the flexibility of modifying
them before re-running.

• You can deploy a Jupyter Notebook on a remote server

and access it from your local web browser.

• You can insert notes and documentation to your code in

a Jupyter Notebook in various formats like markdown,
latex, and HTML.

• Use a Jupyter Notebook as cells.

1
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4
 Basics o f Python

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Variables

You can consider a variable to be a temporary

storage space where you can keep changing values.

Assigning values to a variable:

• To assign values to a variable in Python,

we will use the assignment (=) operator.

– a = 10, a = “Welcome to the class”

• No need to declare the datatype of the variables

done in other programming languages

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Keywords
• Special reserved words which convey a special

– Meaning to interpreter or compiler.

• It can’t be used as a variable.

• Few of the example keywords are as follows:

– def, – from,

– else, if, – return,

– class, – lambda,

– continue, – except,

– break, – import,

– finally, – None

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Data Types
• Variables hold values of different data types.

• With the help of type() function you can check the type of variable used.

Datatype

Immutable Mutable

Numbers Strings Tuples Lists Dictionaries Sets

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Operators & Operands

Operators are special symbols that represent

computations like addition and multiplication.

• Value of operators is applied to are called operands.

• Operator : -, +, /,*,**

• 20+32, hour-1, hour*60+minute 5**2

– Order of Precedence : PEMD

(Parenthesis, Exponentiation, Multiplication
and Operators)

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 Data Structures in Python

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Lists

List is a sequence of values of any type.

• Values in lists are called as elements or items.

[10, 20, ‘Class’]

• A list within another list is nested.

• Lists are mutable.

• It has variable length.

• Lists are accessed similarly like arrays. First

element will be stored at 0th index.

• Let’s discuss function used in lists.

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Tuples

Tuples are similar like lists, having a sequence of

values of any type and enclosed within parentheses.

• Tuples are immutable.

• It has fixed length.

• tup_1 = (‘a’, 1, ‘df’, ‘b’)

• Let’s discuss about the functions of tuples.

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Lists Vs Tuples

• Items surrounded in square brackets [] • Items surrounded in round brackets ()

• Lists are mutable in nature • Tuples are immutable in nature
• If content is not fixed, and keeps on • If content is fixed, and never changes
changing then we should go for lists. then we should go for Tuples.
• List objects cannot be used as keys for • Tuple objects can be used as keys for
dictionaries because keys should be Hash dictionaries because keys should be Hash
table and immutable. table and immutable.

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Sets

Unordered collection of items is known as set.

• Items of set can not duplicate. Colors = { ‘red’, ‘blue’ , ‘green’ }

• Let’s see how to use, Union, Intersection methods in set.

• Let’s discuss about the other functions of Sets.

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Dictionary
• Unordered collection of data.

• Data in dictionary is stored as key:value pair.

• Key should not be mutable and value can be of any type.

• Dict = { “name”: “begindatum”, ‘age’:10 }

• Keys: name and age

• Values: begin at number and 10

• Let’s see how to access the keys, and values in dictionary

along with different functions used.

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 Python Control Statements

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Control Statements

1 Conditional statements

The flow control

statements are divided
2 Iterative statements.

into three categories

3 Transfer statements

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Conditional Statements

There are four types of conditional statements

01 02 03 04

if statement if-else if-elif-else nested if-else

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if- Statement

Syntax Example

if condition: number = 6
statement 1 if number > 5:
statement 2 print('/talentlabs')
statement n

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if-else Statement

Syntax Example

if condition: password = input("Enter password")

statement 1 if password == "/talentlabs@10":
else: print("Correct password")
statement 2 else:
print("Incorrect Password")

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if-elif-else Statement

Syntax Example

if condition-1: def user_check(choice):

statement 1 if choice == 1:
elif condition-2: print("Admin")
statement 2 elif choice == 2:
else: print("Editor")
statement else:
print("Wrong entry")

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Nested-if-else Statement

Example

num = float(input("Enter a number: "))

if num >= 0:
if num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive number")
else:
print("Negative number")

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Transfer statements

1 Break Statement.

There are Three types 2 Continue Statement.

of Transfer Statements

3 Pass Statement.

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Break statements

Example

for num in range(10):

if num > 5:
print("stop processing.")
break
print(num)

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Continue statements

Example

for num in range(3, 8):

if num == 5:
continue
else:
print(num)

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Pass statements

Example

months = ['January', 'June', 'March', 'April’]

for mon in months:
pass
print(months)

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 Python Loops(Iterative statements)

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Loops

For loop

for index in sequence:

statements
for i in range(1,10):
print(i)

for i in range(0,5):

print(i)
else:
print("for loop completely exhausted, since there is no break.");

Once for loop is executed, else block is also executed.

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Loops

While Loop

# Python program to illustrate while loop

count = 0
while (count < 5):
count = count + 1
print(“zepanalytics")

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Loops
Nested Loop Using For & While

for iterator_var in sequence while expression

for iterator_var in sequence: while expression:

statements(s) statement(s)
statements(s) statement(s)

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 Python Functions

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Functions In Python

Function is a named-sequence of statements that

Type Conversion Function
performs some operations.

• Example: type(32) • Convert values from one type to another.

• Here, name of function is type and expression in • Int can convert floating-point values to integers
parenthesis is called argument of the function. and vice-versa

• int(3.4545)

• 3

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Lamba-Functions In Python

• Lambda Function is a small

anonymous function which
makes the developer’s life Syntax
easier
Lambda arguments : expression
• It can take any
number of arguments, The expression is executed and the result is returned:
but can only have one
expression.

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 Numpy For Data Analytics

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Numpy
Can be used to store 1-d, 2-d, 3-d and so on..

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Numpy
Time (us) taken for the loop

Numpy vectorize
1 Map function
List comprehension
Plain "for-loop"

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

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Numpy

• It is used for computation and processing of single and multi-

dimensional array of elements.
• Smaller memory consumption and better runtime behaviour.
• To install the module: pip install numpy
– To use NumPy:
import numpy as np
values = [20.1, 20.4, 12.3, 43.5, 54.4, 23.5]
Convert = np.array(values)
print(Convert)
print(Convert+20)

Let’s see more examples on this.

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 Pandas For Data Analytics

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Pandas

Pandas is fast, powerful, flexible and easy to use

open-source data analysis and manipulation tool.

To install pandas: pip install pandas

• Used to handle the data for single and multi-

dimensional data structure.

• Creates the powerful data frame.

• Data frame is two-dimensional array used to store

data whereas Series is one-dimensional array.

Let’s see more practical use of Pandas.

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Pandas

Combining data frames

• Merge: merge(left_df, right_df, on=’Customer_id’, how=’inner’)

how=“inner” how=“outer” how=“left” how=“right”

x y x y x y x y

Natural join Full outer join Left outer join Right outer join

Concat
frames = [df1, df2]
result = pd.concat(frames)

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 Introduction To Visualization With Python

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Matplotlib

Bar Graph

• Helps to visualize a numeric

feature

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Matplotlib

Scatter Plot

• The scatter function plots

one dot for each observation

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Matplotlib

Histogram

• A histogram is a graph
showing frequency
distributions.

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Matplotlib

Box & Whisker Plot Box and Whisker plot

A box and whisker plot (also called a box plot) shows the
• A box and whisker plot is
five-number summary of a set of data: minimum, lower
defined as a graphical quartile, median, upper quartile, and maximum
method of displaying
variation in a set of data.

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Seaborn

Scatter Plot

• Scatterplot Can be used with

several semantic groupings
which can help to
understand well in a graph
against continuous/
categorical data.
• It can draw a two-
dimensional graph.

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Seaborn

Box Plot

• A box plot consists of 5 things.

• Minimum
• First Quartile or 25%
• Median (Second Quartile)
or 50%
• Third Quartile or 75%
• Maximum

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Seaborn

Point Plot

• Point plot used to show point

estimates and confidence
intervals using scatter plot
glyphs.

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Seaborn

Voilin Plot

• A violin plot is similar to a

boxplot.
• It shows several quantitative
data across one or more
categorical variables such
that those distributions can
be compared.

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Matplotlib For Data Analytics

• Graphical Representation of the values

• To install: pip install matplotlib

• To use in program: import matplotlib

• Let’s say if we have to populate our previous lists, we can use:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot(Convert)
plt.show()

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Seaborn For Data Analytics
• Seaborn helps to visualize the statistical relationships, To
understand how variables in a dataset are related to one
another and how that relationship is dependent on other
variables, we perform statistical analysis.

• This Statistical analysis helps to visualize the trends and

identify various patterns in the dataset.

• To install: pip install matplotlib

• To use in program: import matplotlib

• Import as: import seaborn as sns

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 Thank You

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