Python

Python for Data Science
1 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

Agenda
• Python
– Basics of python
– Data structures in Python
– Control Structures in Python
– Loops in Python
– Functions
• Environment Setup
– Tools Installation?
– Jupyter Notebook Setup and Usage

Agenda
• Numpy With Data Analytics
• Pandas With Python
• Introduction To Visualization With Python
– Matplotlib For Data Analytics
– Seaborn For Data Analytics
• Exploratory Data Analysis

Environment Set-up of Python

Installation
Install Python on your machine. Install Anaconda
• You can download from the official • https://www.anaconda.com/download

website
• https://www.python.org/downloads

Jupyter Installation & Usage
Using Command Prompt Using Anaconda
You can open command prompt You can open Anaconda prompt
directly type following to install directly type following to start
Jupyter notebook : Jupyter notebook :
• > pip install jupyter • > jupyter notebook

Usage Of Jupyter notebook
• Notebook has the ability to re-run individual code

snippets, and it provides you the flexibility of modifying
them before re-running.
• You can deploy a Jupyter Notebook on a remote server

and access it from your local web browser.
• You can insert notes and documentation to your code in

a Jupyter Notebook in various formats like markdown,
latex, and HTML.
• Use a Jupyter Notebook as cells.

Introduction
• Open Source general purpose programming language
• Object Oriented
• Programming as well as scripting language
Python is a general-purpose
programming language that is often
applied in scripting roles

Features
• Easy to learn & use
• Interpreted language
• Open Source
• Large Standard Library
• Large Community Support
• Extensible
• Cross-platform language

Python vs other programming languages
More user-friendly
More applications
Stability
Speed

Environment Setup

Installation
Install Python on your machine. Install Anaconda
• You can download from the official • https://www.anaconda.com/download

website
• https://www.python.org/downloads
1
Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited
2
Jupyter Installation & Usage
Using Command Prompt Using Anaconda
You can open command prompt directly You can open Anaconda prompt
type following to install Jupyter directly type following to start Jupyter
notebook : notebook :
• > pip install jupyter • > jupyter notebook

Usage Of Jupyter notebook
• Notebook has the ability to re-run individual code

snippets, and it provides you the flexibility of modifying
them before re-running.
• You can deploy a Jupyter Notebook on a remote server

and access it from your local web browser.
• You can insert notes and documentation to your code in

a Jupyter Notebook in various formats like markdown,
latex, and HTML.
• Use a Jupyter Notebook as cells.
1
Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited
4
Basics o f Python

Variables
You can consider a variable to be a temporary

storage space where you can keep changing values.
Assigning values to a variable:
• To assign values to a variable in Python,

we will use the assignment (=) operator.
– a = 10, a = “Welcome to the class”
• No need to declare the datatype of the variables

done in other programming languages

Keywords
• Special reserved words which convey a special
– Meaning to interpreter or compiler.
• It can’t be used as a variable.
• Few of the example keywords are as follows:
– def, – from,
– else, if, – return,
– class, – lambda,
– continue, – except,
– break, – import,
– finally, – None

Data Types
• Variables hold values of different data types.
• With the help of type() function you can check the type of variable used.
Datatype
Immutable Mutable
Numbers Strings Tuples Lists Dictionaries Sets

Operators & Operands
Operators are special symbols that represent

computations like addition and multiplication.
• Value of operators is applied to are called operands.
• Operator : -, +, /,*,**
• 20+32, hour-1, hour*60+minute 5**2
– Order of Precedence : PEMD

(Parenthesis, Exponentiation, Multiplication
and Operators)

Data Structures in Python

Lists
List is a sequence of values of any type.
• Values in lists are called as elements or items.

[10, 20, ‘Class’]
• A list within another list is nested.
• Lists are mutable.
• It has variable length.
• Lists are accessed similarly like arrays. First

element will be stored at 0th index.
• Let’s discuss function used in lists.

Tuples
Tuples are similar like lists, having a sequence of

values of any type and enclosed within parentheses.
• Tuples are immutable.
• It has fixed length.
• tup_1 = (‘a’, 1, ‘df’, ‘b’)
• Let’s discuss about the functions of tuples.

Lists Vs Tuples
• Items surrounded in square brackets [] • Items surrounded in round brackets ()

• Lists are mutable in nature • Tuples are immutable in nature
• If content is not fixed, and keeps on • If content is fixed, and never changes
changing then we should go for lists. then we should go for Tuples.
• List objects cannot be used as keys for • Tuple objects can be used as keys for
dictionaries because keys should be Hash dictionaries because keys should be Hash
table and immutable. table and immutable.

Sets
Unordered collection of items is known as set.
• Items of set can not duplicate. Colors = { ‘red’, ‘blue’ , ‘green’ }
• Let’s see how to use, Union, Intersection methods in set.
• Let’s discuss about the other functions of Sets.

Dictionary
• Unordered collection of data.
• Data in dictionary is stored as key:value pair.
• Key should not be mutable and value can be of any type.
• Dict = { “name”: “begindatum”, ‘age’:10 }
• Keys: name and age
• Values: begin at number and 10
• Let’s see how to access the keys, and values in dictionary

along with different functions used.

Python Control Statements

Control Statements
1 Conditional statements
The flow control

statements are divided
2 Iterative statements.
into three categories
3 Transfer statements

Conditional Statements
There are four types of conditional statements
01 02 03 04
if statement if-else if-elif-else nested if-else

if- Statement
Syntax Example
if condition: number = 6
statement 1 if number > 5:
statement 2 print('/talentlabs')
statement n

if-else Statement
Syntax Example
if condition: password = input("Enter password")

statement 1 if password == "/talentlabs@10":
else: print("Correct password")
statement 2 else:
print("Incorrect Password")

if-elif-else Statement
Syntax Example
if condition-1: def user_check(choice):

statement 1 if choice == 1:
elif condition-2: print("Admin")
statement 2 elif choice == 2:
else: print("Editor")
statement else:
print("Wrong entry")

Nested-if-else Statement
Example
num = float(input("Enter a number: "))

if num >= 0:
if num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive number")
else:
print("Negative number")

Transfer statements
1 Break Statement.
There are Three types 2 Continue Statement.

of Transfer Statements
3 Pass Statement.

Break statements
Example
for num in range(10):

if num > 5:
print("stop processing.")
break
print(num)

Continue statements
Example
for num in range(3, 8):

if num == 5:
continue
else:
print(num)

Pass statements
Example
months = ['January', 'June', 'March', 'April’]

for mon in months:
pass
print(months)

Python Loops(Iterative statements)

Loops
For loop
for index in sequence:

statements
for i in range(1,10):
print(i)
for i in range(0,5):
print(i)
else:
print("for loop completely exhausted, since there is no break.");
Once for loop is executed, else block is also executed.

Loops
While Loop
# Python program to illustrate while loop

count = 0
while (count < 5):
count = count + 1
print(“zepanalytics")

Loops
Nested Loop Using For & While
for iterator_var in sequence while expression
for iterator_var in sequence: while expression:

statements(s) statement(s)
statements(s) statement(s)

Python Functions

Functions In Python
Function is a named-sequence of statements that

Type Conversion Function
performs some operations.
• Example: type(32) • Convert values from one type to another.
• Here, name of function is type and expression in • Int can convert floating-point values to integers
parenthesis is called argument of the function. and vice-versa
• int(3.4545)
• 3

Lamba-Functions In Python
• Lambda Function is a small

anonymous function which
makes the developer’s life Syntax
easier
Lambda arguments : expression
• It can take any
number of arguments, The expression is executed and the result is returned:
but can only have one
expression.

Numpy For Data Analytics

Numpy
Can be used to store 1-d, 2-d, 3-d and so on..

Numpy
Time (us) taken for the loop
Numpy vectorize
1 Map function
List comprehension
Plain "for-loop"
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Numpy
• It is used for computation and processing of single and multi-

dimensional array of elements.
• Smaller memory consumption and better runtime behaviour.
• To install the module: pip install numpy
– To use NumPy:
import numpy as np
values = [20.1, 20.4, 12.3, 43.5, 54.4, 23.5]
Convert = np.array(values)
print(Convert)
print(Convert+20)
Let’s see more examples on this.

Pandas For Data Analytics

Pandas
Pandas is fast, powerful, flexible and easy to use

open-source data analysis and manipulation tool.
To install pandas: pip install pandas
• Used to handle the data for single and multi-

dimensional data structure.
• Creates the powerful data frame.
• Data frame is two-dimensional array used to store

data whereas Series is one-dimensional array.
Let’s see more practical use of Pandas.

Pandas
Combining data frames

• Merge: merge(left_df, right_df, on=’Customer_id’, how=’inner’)
how=“inner” how=“outer” how=“left” how=“right”
x y x y x y x y
Natural join Full outer join Left outer join Right outer join
Concat
frames = [df1, df2]
result = pd.concat(frames)

Introduction To Visualization With Python

Matplotlib
Bar Graph
• Helps to visualize a numeric

feature

Matplotlib
Scatter Plot
• The scatter function plots

one dot for each observation

Matplotlib
Histogram
• A histogram is a graph
showing frequency
distributions.

Matplotlib
Box & Whisker Plot Box and Whisker plot

A box and whisker plot (also called a box plot) shows the
• A box and whisker plot is
five-number summary of a set of data: minimum, lower
defined as a graphical quartile, median, upper quartile, and maximum
method of displaying
variation in a set of data.

Seaborn
Scatter Plot
• Scatterplot Can be used with

several semantic groupings
which can help to
understand well in a graph
against continuous/
categorical data.
• It can draw a two-
dimensional graph.

Seaborn
Box Plot
• A box plot consists of 5 things.

• Minimum
• First Quartile or 25%
• Median (Second Quartile)
or 50%
• Third Quartile or 75%
• Maximum

Seaborn
Point Plot
• Point plot used to show point

estimates and confidence
intervals using scatter plot
glyphs.

Seaborn
Voilin Plot
• A violin plot is similar to a

boxplot.
• It shows several quantitative
data across one or more
categorical variables such
that those distributions can
be compared.

Matplotlib For Data Analytics
• Graphical Representation of the values
• To install: pip install matplotlib
• To use in program: import matplotlib
• Let’s say if we have to populate our previous lists, we can use:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot(Convert)
plt.show()

Seaborn For Data Analytics
• Seaborn helps to visualize the statistical relationships, To
understand how variables in a dataset are related to one
another and how that relationship is dependent on other
variables, we perform statistical analysis.
• This Statistical analysis helps to visualize the trends and

identify various patterns in the dataset.
• To install: pip install matplotlib
• To use in program: import matplotlib
• Import as: import seaborn as sns

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Python for Data Science

1 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

– Data structures in Python

– Control Structures in Python

– Jupyter Notebook Setup and Usage

2 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

• Pandas With Python

• Introduction To Visualization With Python

– Matplotlib For Data Analytics

– Seaborn For Data Analytics

• Exploratory Data Analysis

3 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

4 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

Install Python on your machine. Install Anaconda

• You can download from the official • https://www.anaconda.com/download

5 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

Using Command Prompt Using Anaconda

• > pip install jupyter • > jupyter notebook

6 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

• Notebook has the ability to re-run individual code

• You can deploy a Jupyter Notebook on a remote server

• You can insert notes and documentation to your code in

• Use a Jupyter Notebook as cells.

7 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

• Programming as well as scripting language

8 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

• Large Standard Library

• Large Community Support

9 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

10 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

11 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

Install Python on your machine. Install Anaconda

• You can download from the official • https://www.anaconda.com/download

Using Command Prompt Using Anaconda

• > pip install jupyter • > jupyter notebook

13 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

• Notebook has the ability to re-run individual code

• You can deploy a Jupyter Notebook on a remote server

• You can insert notes and documentation to your code in

• Use a Jupyter Notebook as cells.

15 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

You can consider a variable to be a temporary

Assigning values to a variable:

• To assign values to a variable in Python,

– a = 10, a = “Welcome to the class”

• No need to declare the datatype of the variables

16 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

– Meaning to interpreter or compiler.

• It can’t be used as a variable.

• Few of the example keywords are as follows:

– else, if, – return,

17 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

Numbers Strings Tuples Lists Dictionaries Sets

18 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

Operators are special symbols that represent

• Value of operators is applied to are called operands.

• 20+32, hour-1, hour*60+minute 5**2

– Order of Precedence : PEMD

19 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited

20 Copyright © 2022 TalentLabs Limited