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    United Nations Organization Upsc Notes 43

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    United Nations Organization Upsc Notes 43

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    United Nations Organization Upsc Notes 43

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    shivam

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    United Nations Organization

    The United Nations Organization, also known as UNO is a place where all the global leaders
    meet and bring their heads together to work towards finding a way out of a crisis situation. The
    UN has been evolving through the years with the gradual changes that occur in the world
    around us.

    Membership of the United Nations Organization initially started with a group of 51 member
    states which went on to a total of 193 members presently. All the members are a part of the
    General Assembly which selects the member states based on the recommendations of the
    Security Council. Both of these are a part of the 6 principal organs of the UN.

    • The UN Charter was adopted on the 25th of June, 1945 & became effective on the 24th
    of October 1945.
    • The Chief Administrative Officer of the United Nations is the Secretary-General who acts
    as the representative of the entire world’s needy population.
    • The General Assembly is responsible for the appointment of the Secretary-General for a
    term of five years which is renewable.
    • Presently, the UN Secretary-General is Antonio Guterres who is the ninth occupant of
    this post.

    Functions of United Nations Organization


    The United Nations Organization along with its principal organs fulfills the purposes that have
    been clearly given in the UN Charter. One of the main functions of UNO is that it holds the
    responsibility of eradicating all problems that humanity has been facing and is facing until now.
    It is clear that with the passage of time, new challenges have arisen in front of the human race,
    be it the Covid-19 pandemic or any other similar issues affecting the world such as global
    warming, or other climate change issues.
    The United Nations Organization aims to create a sustainable world for the people & all living
    beings on Earth. The entire UN system works together toward achieving the following goals:

    • To protect human rights


    • To maintain global peace and security
    • To achieve sustainable growth and development & Climate Action
    • To endorse & ensure that International law is maintained & followed across the world
    • To make humanitarian aid available at all times in need
    6 Organs of UNO
    United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that functions alongside its six main organs
    that assist the UNO in achieving its goals and objectives such as maintaining international
    peace and security. The six principal organs of the United Nations Organization are:

    1. General Assembly
    2. Security Council
    3. UN Secretariat
    4. International Court of Justice (ICJ)
    5. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
    6. Trusteeship Council

    The last principal organ of United Nations, the Trusteeship Council deferred its operations on
    1st November 1994 when Palau gained independence. It was the last United Nations trustee
    territory.

    UN Specialized Agencies
    To fulfill the roles and responsibilities of the United Nations Organization, the UN Charter has
    provided the provision for all the principal organs of the UN to set up specialized agencies in
    order to achieve their goals. A total number of 17 specialized agencies of the UN have been
    established now.

    UN Specialized Agency Acronym Headquarters Year

    Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Rome, Italy 1945

    International Maritime Organization IMO London, United 1948


    Kingdom

    World Health Organization WHO Geneva, Switzerland 1948

    International Labour Organization ILO Geneva, Switzerland 1946

    World Intellectual Property Organisation WIPO Geneva, Switzerland 1967

    United Nations Industrial Development UNIDO Vienna, Austria 1966


    Organization
    International Monetary Fund IMF Washington, United 1945
    States

    International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO Montreal, Canada 1944

    United Nations Educational, Scientific and UNESCO Paris, France 1946


    Cultural Organization

    International Telecommunication Union ITU Geneva, Switzerland 1865

    International Fund for Agricultural Development IFAD Rome, Italy 1977

    International Telecommunication Union ITU Geneva, Switzerland 1865

    International Fund for Agricultural Development IFAD Rome, Italy 1977

    Universal Postal Union UPU Bern, Switzerland 1874

    World Meteorological Organisation WMO Geneva, Switzerland 1950

    World Bank Group WBG Washington, D.C, 1944


    USA

    United Nations World Tourism Organization UNWTO Madrid, Spain 1974

    UN Organizations: United Nations Subsidiaries


    There are a number of specialized agencies that are created by each of the United Nations
    Organization. Apart from those, UNO is also entitled to set up or form other organizations or
    agencies that assist in its functions. There are several other such organizations that were either
    created earlier than the UN’s formation & were later included or were completely created after
    the United Nations Organization was formed.

    UN Agency Year of Headquarters


    Establishment

    United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 1946 New York, USA

    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1950 Geneva,


    (UNHCR) Switzerland
    United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction 1999 Geneva,
    (UNDRR) Switzerland

    United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 1965 New York, USA

    United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 1972 Nairobi, Kenya

    United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 1967 New York, USA

    United Nations University (UNU) 1972 Tokyo, Japan

    World Food Programme (WFP) 1961 Rome, Italy

    United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice 1968 Turin, Italy


    Research Institute (UNICRI)

    United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 1997 Vienna, Austria


    (UNODC)

    International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1957 Vienna, Austria

    Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 1994 Geneva,


    (UNAIDS) Switzerland

    United Nations Human Settlement Programme 1978 Nairobi, Kenya


    (UN-Habitat)

    Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 1993 Geneva,


    (OCHCR) Switzerland

    United Nations Conference on Trade and 1964 Geneva,


    Development (UNCTAD) Switzerland

    UNO Organization Conventions


    As United Nations Organization is a large group of various member countries, it meets up and
    holds big conferences & conventions. The objective of these UN conventions is to gather &
    discuss the concerns of each country & find a way out of them. Some of these meetings or
    conventions are mentioned below.

    • UNCBD - UN Convention on Biological Diversity


    • UNCLOS - UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
    • UNFCCC - UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
    • UNCAT - UN Convention Against Torture
    • Montreal Protocol
    • Kyoto Protocol
    • ITLOS - International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
    • Minamata Convention
    • UNCRPD - UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
    • GEF - Global Environment Facility
    • Rio Summit (UNCED)
    • UNTOC - UN Convention on the Rights of the Child / UN Convention against
    Transnational Organized Crime
    • Kigali Amendment
    • CEDAW - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
    • UNCCD - UN Convention to Combat Desertification

    UN and India
    In the history of the United Nations Organization, India has played an important role. India has
    proudly been part of the UN’s history by being one of the founding members of the United
    Nations Organization. The history of India and the UN dates back to the time of British rule in
    India. A Declaration by the UN in Washington D.C was signed by India in 1944. It had also been
    a participant in the United Nations Conference in 1945.

    • Being one of the members while laying down the foundation of the United Nations, India
    is highly supportive of its goals and objectives.
    • India has shown complete trust and confidence in the principles of the UN and has
    contributed in a big way to help United Nations in achieving its goals.
    • The field networks of the UN are the largest in India compared to other countries.
    • There are several programs and funds being formed and carried out in India.
    • In all, there are 26 United Nations agencies present in India today.
    • Some of the most active UN organizations in India are WHO, FAO, UNESCO, UNAIDS,
    IMF, APCTT, and IFAD.

    Role of UN in Maintaining International Peace And Security

    India being one of the founding members of the United Nations has been part of the
    organizational structure & activities since its establishment. India was the first among all
    countries to protest against racism and apartheid in South Africa. Some other achievements
    are:

    • India has sent peacekeeping troops to various countries in need.


    • The first woman president of the UN General Assembly was an Indian.
    • India is also credited with playing a significant role in the drafting of the Universal
    Declaration of Human Rights.
    • The International Day of Non-violence was declared on 2nd October, on Gandhi Ji's birth
    anniversary by the UN.
    • The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) also declared 21st June as International
    Yoga Day in 2014.

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