Jyoti Nivas Autonomous College

DIGITAL FLUENCY
Assignment-II

Input and Output devices

Shilpa. S
1st B.com A
21BC063
 Input devices
1. Keyboard:

Keyboards are a human interface device which is represented as a layout of buttons. Each button, or key, can
20 be used to either input a linguistic character to a computer, or to call upon a particular Keyboards
function of the computer. Traditional keyboards use spring-based buttons, though newer variations
employ virtual keys, or even projected keyboards. It is typewriter like device composed of a matrix of
switches. The Figure shows a 104-key Saitek keyboard with arrows pointing to each section including the
control keys, function keys, LED indicators, wrist pad, arrow keys, and keypad.

2. Mouse:

The mouse is another important input device. A mouse moves the graphical pointer by being slid across a
smooth surface. The conventional roller-ball mouse uses a ball to create this action. However, most mouse
are wireless today. They usually have two buttons and can have more. You can scroll up and down on a
scroll wheel if the mouse has one. The mouse moves an arrow that allows you to open applications.

3. Joystick:

A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to
the device it is controlling. A joystick, also known as the control column , Joysticks are often used to
control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the
computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analog stick.
Joysticks are also used for controlling machines.
4. Scanner:

Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when some
information is available on paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disk of the computer for
further manipulation. Scanner captures images from the source which are then converted into a
digital form that can be stored on the disk. These images can also be edited.

5. Optical Mark Reader(OMR):

OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made by pen or pencil. It is
used where one out of a few alternatives is to be selected and marked. It is specially used for checking
the answer sheets of examinations having multiple choice questions.

6. Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR):

MICR input device is generally used in banks as there are large number of cheques to be processed
every day. The bank’s code number and cheque number are printed on the cheques with a special
type of ink that contains particles of magnetic material that are machine readable. This reading
process is called Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR). The main advantages of MICR is that it is
fast and less error prone.
7. Bar Code Reader:
Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data in form of light and dark lines). Bar coded
data is generally used in labelling goods, numbering the books etc. It may be a hand held scanner or may be
embedded in a stationary scanner. Bar Code Reader scans a bar code image, converts it into an alphanumeric
value which is then fed to the computer to which bar code reader is connected.

8. Card reader:
A card reader is a data input device that reads data from a card-shaped storage medium. The first were
punched card readers, which read the paper or cardboard punched cards that were used during the first
several decades of the computer industry to store information and programs for computer systems. Modern
card readers are electronic devices that can read plastic cards embedded with either a barcode, magnetic
strip, computer chip or another storage medium.
A memory card reader is a device used for communication with a smart card or a memory card. A magnetic
card reader is a device used to read magnetic stripe cards, such as credit cards. A business card reader is a
device used to scan and electronically save printed business cards.

9. Camera:
A camera that stores the pictures or video it takes in electronic format instead of to film. A webcam is a
hardware camera connected to a computer that allows anyone connected to the Internet to view
either still pictures or motion video of a user or other object.
 Output devices
(1).Printers:
A printer is basically an output device which prints a hard copy of the electronic data that is stored in the computer or any other
devices. There are different types of printers.

Classification of printers

Impact printers Non impact printers

Character printers Line Printers Inkjet printers Laser printers

Dot Matrix Drum

printers Printers

Daisy wheel Chain

printers printers
1. Impact Printers:

Impact Printers print the characters by pressing an inked ribbon against the paper using a hammer or pins.

a. Character printers: Character printers are the printers which print one character at a time.
b.Dot Matrix Printer :These printers are popular because of their ease of printing and economical price. Each character printed is in
form of pattern of dots and head consists of a Matrix of Pins which comes out to form a character that is why it is called Dot Matrix
Printer.
c. Line printers: Line printers are the printers which print one line at a time.
2. Non-Impact printers:
Non-impact printers do not use a striking device to produce characters on the paper and because these printers do not hammer against
the paper they are much quieter. These printers print a complete page at a time so they are also called as Page Printers.

a. Inkjet printers:
Inkjet printers are the de-facto standard for consumer/home-use printers. They’re inexpensive and use liquid ink that is relatively
inexpensive to replace. They can produce high-quality color printing or fairly fast monochrome (aka B&W) prints. Inkjets are the most
common type of home printer for a reason, though, as they tend to offer a good balance of quality, speed, and price.
b. Laser printers:
Laser printers, as their name suggests, use a laser beam to heat a toner material that embeds itself onto the paper. Most business- oriented
models are monochrome, but there are color laser printers as well. Toner cartridges are typically more expensive than ink, but also usually
last longer. Laser printers, on average, have a faster print speed than inkjet printers, and usually have a higher print quality. The most
affordable models are more expensive than even budget inkjet models, but many people who print a lot find their strengths worth that
premium.
c. All-in-one printers:
An all-in-one multifunction printer combines the functionality of a printer, a scanner, and usually a fax. They can copy documents, send
and receive documents, save them on your computer, and of course, print them out. All-in-one printers can be inkjet or laser. All-in-ones
are larger than many regular printers, but they’re ideal for a small office or small business, as they take up less space and cost less than a
separate printer, fax, and scanner.
d. Super tank printers :
Super tank printers are more a subcategory of inkjet and all-in-ones. They feature large, refillable ink tanks instead of replaceable ink
cartridges. If your printing needs are high-volume, or you don’t like the environmental impact caused by countless disposable cartridges, a
super tank printer may be a better option for you.
e. Dye-sublimation printers:
Dye-sublimation, or dye-sub, printers are designed to print on specific surfaces, like plastic. If you need to print ID cards in color for
example, a dye-sub printer can run off a high volume of them quickly.
f. 3D Printers:
One of the most exciting developments in printing technology history, 3D printing is becoming more affordable for professional and
domestic users. Modern 3D printers are capable of producing 3D objects and items using high quality resin. They use layering and slicing
to produce 3D objects, typically in plastic, based on digital models created in your choice of software.
Unit of measurement

Computer storage units

Bites BIT O To 1
kilobytes KB 1024 Bytes
Megabytes MB 1024 kilobytes
Gigabytes GB 1024 megabytes
Terabytes TB 1024 gigabytes