National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad

BSCS (A) Afternoon

Assignment
Subject: PAK STUDIES
Topic: Social Issues of Pakistan
Submitted To:
Ma’am Kanwal Noreen
Submitted By: AFTAB ALTAF, UMAR AFZAL,
TAIMOR HASHMI, MUDASSIR ALI & M.
ABDULLAH
Dated: 18MAY, 2022
 Social Issues of Pakistan
Introduction:
A social issue is a problem that affects many people within a society. It is a group
of common problems in present-day society and ones that many people strive to
solve. It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an individual's
control. Social issues are the source of conflicting opinions on the grounds of what
is perceived as morally correct or incorrect personal life or interpersonal social life
decisions. Social issues are distinguished from economic issues; however, some
issues (such as immigration) have both social and economic aspects. Some issues
do not fall into either category, such as warfare.
There can be disagreements about what social issues are worth solving, or which
should take precedence. Different individuals and different societies have
different perceptions. In Rights of Man and Common Sense, Thomas
Paine addresses the individual's duty to "allow the same rights to others as we
allow ourselves." The failure to do so causes the creation of a social issue.
There are a variety of methods people use to combat social issues. Some people
vote for leaders in a democracy to advance their ideals. Outside the political
process, people donate or share their time, money, energy, or other resources.
This often takes the form of volunteering. Nonprofit organizations are often
formed for the sole purpose of solving a social issue. Community
organizing involves gathering people together for a common purpose.
A distinct but related meaning of the term "social issue" (used particularly in
the United States) refers to topics of national political interest, over which the
public is deeply divided and which are the subject of intense partisan advocacy,
debate, and voting. In this case "social issue" does not necessarily refer to an ill to
be solved, but rather a topic to be discussed.

The different social Issues of Pakistan are given below:

1-Poverty:
The percentage of people in poverty in Pakistan in 2018 was 31.3%. According to
the Business Recorder, the percentage of people in poverty in Pakistan could
jump to 40%. By numerical standards, the poverty population will increase
from 69 million to 87 million by the end of 2020. A value of 87 million is quite high
in proportion to the country’s population of 212.2 million.
In 2018, Pakistan suffered a macroeconomic crisis. The government had accrued a
budget deficit of $18 billion by the end of 2018. As a result, this forced the
government to limit its spending. The economic growth slowed significantly. The
recent COVID-19 pandemic has further brought the economy to an almost
standstill. This has forced the government of Pakistan to cut down on its
spending. When a country’s economy shrinks, the government stops funding
many welfare programs. Consequently, the people at the margins of poverty
suffer, further increasing poverty in Pakistan.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the poverty-stricken
citizens in Pakistan. These people consist of women, children, the elderly and
people with disabilities. They are far more likely to suffer from malnutrition and
their health may be weak. Thus, the virus tends to spread in poverty-stricken
communities faster. The U.N. has recommended that Pakistan should increase its
essential health services to people in poverty because of their weaker health
status. In order to improve the economy, the U.N. also recommended that
Pakistan should pass fiscal and financial stimuli. This can alleviate the debt and
help many people in Pakistan financially. As a result, it may prevent the poverty
rate from increasing or at least slow down the growth rate.
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has established a COVID-19
secretariat at Pakistan’s planning commission. Its mission is to help stabilize the
economic crisis occurring in Pakistan. The planning commission will also provide
social programs to help the citizens who COVID-19 affected. However, its main
focus is on providing social programs to residents living in poverty. The planning
commission has succeeded in assisting Pakistan in its crisis management amid this
pandemic.
Many children in Pakistan take up low-paying jobs in order to provide for
themselves and their families. Many of these jobs are hazardous and dangerous.
However, the children have no choice but to do them in order to receive any form
of payment to feed themselves and their families. By 2018, Pakistan has made
efforts to limit child labor and indentured servitude. Citizens still largely ignore
and dismiss many of these laws, mainly due to children who willingly work in
order to alleviate their families from poverty and hunger. However, Pakistan has
made moderate advancements in diminishing and banning hazardous forms of
child labor for children.
There is some good news in Pakistan’s fight against poverty. In 2015, Pakistan’s
then prime minister Nawaz Sharif launched a health care scheme for the poor.
The scheme has largely been a success since it expanded. In 2019, the
current prime minister of Pakistan Imran Khan stated that he envisions a future
for Pakistan where it can be a welfare state similar to the Scandinavian countries.
So far, his administration is working on furthering this vision by raising income
taxes on the wealthy and instigating more welfare programs. In addition, the
government is doing its best to continue fighting poverty and providing social
programs and health care to the poor amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The
government will provide financial stimulus checks to its citizens ($70, or 11,717.89
Rupees). This program is called the “Ehsass Programme.” So far, this modest
social welfare program has helped many Pakistani families financially.
Additionally, the government is planning more programs in order to help its
citizens amid the pandemic.
Pakistan’s poverty rate has decreased in recent years. However, the country’s
current economic crisis, mixed with its fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, has
put many Pakistani citizens out of jobs. This has further increased the poverty
rate. The government of Pakistan is doing its best to fight both the COVID-19
pandemic and poverty in Pakistan. So far, the government has provided many
social welfare programs at a scale that they have never done in history until now.
Much more is necessary for the country to defeat poverty.

2- illiteracy:
The literacy rate in
Pakistan is 60%. It
means that 40%
people are
illiterate. In rural
areas, people are
un-educated
because they are in
pursuance of their
livelihood instead
of getting education in schools. Resultantly, our country is slow towards progress.
Illiterate people do not know how to react on things. They are always rude
towards others. The most common cause of illiteracy is our agriculture-based
environment in which education is not considered a priority. There is no job for
un-educated people. That is why the crime ratio is high in our society due to
illiteracy. Rural people face problems for employment because they are totally
un-educated. But on the other hand, those people who are literate they are also
un-employed due to the shortage of jobs. Government should take steps to
create job opportunities for the educated people. Government should also take
steps to establish schools and colleges in villages so that children who are living in
villages may not travel to cities to get education.

Illiteracy is a big problem because the illiterate people are unable to understand
the new techniques of social life. They do not enjoy the life. They do not
understand the new policies. Every individual has right to get education in better
institutions. Illiteracy minimizes the social relations in the society which leads to
less development of resources. Illiterate person is unable to read books,
magazine, articles, and other reading materials.

He cannot participate in platforms of educated people. The society does not

develop, if there is a number of a person un-educated. Illiteracy is a barrier in the
social progress among people for betterment of the society. To bring them out of
this illiteracy, they should be provided information through mass media of
communication and educated people should explain the impacts of being literate.
If we want to overcome on illiteracy, government should teach the illiterate
people in good institutions with good teachers. To fulfil the dream, we should get
good education. Education is a good tool which benefits all along the life. In fact,
education is very important tool for everyone to succeed in life.

3-Child Labor:
Child labor in Pakistan is the employment of children to work in Pakistan, which
causes them mental, physical, moral and social harm. Child labor takes away the
education from children. The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan estimated
that in the 1990s, 11 million children were working in the country, half of whom
were under age ten. In 1996, the median age for a child entering the work
force was seven, down from eight in 1994. It was estimated that one quarter of
the country's work force was made up of children.
 As of 2005–2006, it is estimated that 37 percent of
working boys were employed in the wholesale and
retail industry in urban areas, followed by 22
percent in the service industry and 22 percent in
manufacturing. 48 percent of girls were employed
in the service industry while 39 percent were
employed in manufacturing. In rural areas, 68
percent of working boys were joined by 82 percent
of working girls. In the wholesale and retail industry the percentage of girls was
11 percent followed by 11 percent in manufacturing.
Child labor in Pakistan is perhaps most in the city of Multan, which is an important
production center for export goods.
Children working at brick kilns in Punjab, a survey was conducted by the Punjab
Labor Department. According to the latest figures of the survey, the department
identified 10,347 brick kilns in Punjab and a total of 126,779 children were seen at
these sites. Out of the total, the survey identified that 32,727 children were not
attending schools. For the school-going children, a total of 71,373 children were
enrolled in public schools, of whom 41,017 were males and 30,356 were females.
A total of 13,125 children were attending private schools; 7,438 were males and
5,687 were females. As many as 9,554 children were enrolled in non-formal
education institutes.
Causes:
A Pakistani child labor
The International Labor Organization (ILO) suggests that poverty is the greatest
single cause behind child labor. Pakistan has a per-capita income of approximately
$1900. A middle-class person in Pakistan earns around $6 a day on average. The
average Pakistani has to feed nine or ten people with their daily wage. There is
also a high inflation rate. As of 2008, 17.2% of the total population lives below the
poverty line, which is the lowest figure in the history of Pakistan. Poverty levels
appear to necessitate those children work in order to allow families to reach their
target take‐home pay.
The low cost of child labor gives manufacturers a significant advantage in the
Western marketplace, where they undersell their competitors from countries
which are prohibiting child labor.
According to research conducted by Akhtar, Fatima, & Sadaqat, the main causes
of child labor in the fishing sector on the Balochistan coast were the low quality of
education, lack of job prospects, and lack of progress in the region. It was found
that in this particular province there are high dropout rates and low literacy rates.
The researchers believe that policies focusing on bettering education will help
reduce child labor.

Government steps on child labor

A number of laws contain provisions prohibiting child labor, or regulating the
working conditions of child and adolescent workers. The most important laws are:

 The Factories Act 1934

 The West Pakistan Shops and Establishments Ordinance 1969
 The Employment of Children Act 1991
 The Bonded Labor System Abolition Act 1992
 The Punjab Compulsory Education Act 1994
Child labor remains one of the major problems afflicting Pakistan and its children.
Pakistan has passed laws in an attempt to limit child labor and indentured
servitude, but those laws are universally ignored. Some 11 million children, aged
four to fourteen, keep the country's factories operating, often working in brutal
and squalid conditions.
In December 2014, the U.S. Department of Labor's List of Goods Produced by
Child Labor or Forced Labor reported nine goods, six of which are produced by
child laborer’s in Pakistan. These include the making of bricks, carpets, glass
bangles, leather and surgical instruments, as well as coal mining.

4- Drug Addiction:
The Drug Use in Pakistan 2013 Survey Report, a collaborative research by the
Narcotics Control Division, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics and the UN, states that
there are 7.6 million drug addicts in the country, out of which 78 percent are men
and 22 percent women.

Cannabis is the most commonly used drug in Pakistan, with nearly four million
people listed as users. Opiates, namely opium and heroin, are used by almost one
percent of the total drug users, with 860,000 chronic heroin users. The survey
showed that an estimated three million drug dependents are in dire need of
professional treatment. However, the available rehabilitation structure cannot
help more than a fraction of those in need of help.

According to a conservative estimate, the rate of increase in the number of drug

addicts is 40,000 a year. The most disturbing fact revealed by the survey is the
growing number of heroin addicts in the country with the average age of users
falling below 24. The highest levels of use of heroin were found in areas bordering
principal poppy-cultivating areas in the neighboring Afghanistan.

A recent survey of 10 colleges and two universities of Lahore brought to light

some eye-opening facts related to drug abuse among students. The majority of
students surveyed — 57 percent — reported using one or more drugs. The survey,
according to experts, was the first ever attempt aimed at providing baseline
information on the prevalence and patterns of drug use among the population,
especially the youth. According to Cesar Guedes, Representative of UNODC, the
National Drug Use Survey 2013 provided comprehensive data of drug use and
drug related HIV in Pakistan. The data provided in the report formed the baseline
for future planning and designing of drug prevention and treatment programs in
Pakistan.

According to the report, men predominantly use cannabis and opiates, whereas
women rely on tranquillizers, sedatives and prescribed amphetamines.
Alarmingly, the report also showed high prevalence (1.6 million) of non-medical
use of prescription drugs nationwide, particularly amongst women. The report
found that almost all surveyed women said that over time they resorted to
misusing opioid-based painkillers (morphine etc.), and, to a lesser extent,
tranquilizers and sedatives, which are readily available in pharmacies.
Most of the drugs come from Afghanistan, the country responsible for at least 75
percent of the world’s heroin production and supply. UNODC calculates that more
than 800,000 Pakistanis aged between 15-64 use heroin regularly. It is also
estimated that up to 44 tons of processed heroin are annually consumed annually
in Pakistan, a rate of use that is twice or thrice that of America. A further 110 tons
of heroin and morphine from Afghanistan are trafficked through Pakistan to
international markets. According to a conservative estimate, Pakistan’s illegal
drug trade is believed to generate up to two billion dollars a year.
Mostly found in Pakistan’s Provinces below:

The number of drug users is particularly high in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province
of Pakistan, where close to 11 percent of the population is hooked on drugs. In
2013, the number of drug users in Balochistan was 280,000. The number of
injection drug users has sharply increased in recent years. In 2007, Pakistan had
an estimated 90,000 injecting drug users, but the number had risen to around
500,000 by 2014.

This increase has also been accompanied by an increase in HIV positivity.

According to latest research, in 2005 about 11 percent of Pakistani drug users
were HIV positive. That number had risen to 40 percent in 2011.

Initial phase:

The survey revealed that the majority of drug addicts usually start with soft drugs
like chhaliya, gutka and pan, and then move to hard drugs like heroin, opium and
cocaine, etc. The purchase of drugs or alcohol by young people is usually through
dealers or ‘agents’, who are just a phone call away. Their numbers are easily
exchanged from one person to another. The contact numbers are also widely
distributed throughout hostels, hotels and other places that are generally hidden
from the prying eyes of law enforcement agencies.

How it affects the person and the society?

The phenomenon of growing drug abuse cannot be viewed in isolation from the
prevailing socio-political and economic realities. Young people are increasingly
aware of and resent the existing setup where corruption, cronyism and financial
power are the order of the day. The young do not want to be a part of this
oppressive system, and lacking a viable alternative they find escape in drugs or
terrorism. According to social scientists, political and social upheavals of the last
six decades have played a crucial role in shaping the overall psyche and behavior
of the youth: increasing economic inequality, unemployment, political
uncertainty, terrorist attacks, suicide bombings and endless sectarian and ethnic
clashes.

Society’s response to drug abuse and its victims has been poor and inadequate.
According to a survey, treatment and specialist care are in short supply.
Treatment is available to less than 30,000 drug users. The survey showed that 64
percent of the respondents reported difficulties in getting treatment. For an
overwhelming majority (80 percent), treatment is unaffordable. Lack of in-patient
facilities in government hospitals was cited as the major deterrent for treatment
by 23 percent of the respondents. 44 percent received treatment for a drug
problem at some stage in their lives, and 96 percent have been treated for heroin
addiction.

How to overcome Drug Addiction in a Society:

According to experts, the easiest and most effective solution would be to send
addicts to a rehabilitation center. A humanistic form of treatment has been found
to be most effective in dealing with drug addicts. But, first of all, awareness and
prevention must start at home, with parents. Parents should be vigilant and keep
an eye on the company their children keep and their activities. Experts
recommend that the devastating effects of drugs should be discussed even at
school level, and awareness raising campaigns should be launched, especially
through the electronic media. Secure in the knowledge that they cannot be
touched or called to account, drug cartels ply their trade with impunity. The Anti-
Narcotics Force is a federal executive arm of government tasked with combating
drug smuggling and use within Pakistan, but its scorecard is, at best, mixed. The
need is for government agencies to come down hard on drug cartels, which is the
only way to reduce the incidence of drug abuse in the country.

4- Health Issues:

The increasing rate of health issues in Pakistan is alarming. These health issues
are leading to new kinds of diseases that are difficult to treat because of the lack
of finances and economic conditions. Pakistan is currently ranking 1t 122 out of
190 countries in terms of health care according to the World Health Organization
(WHO). Despite significant improvements over the past decades, Pakistan has a
third-highest rate in the world when it comes to infant mortality.
Healthcare system in Pakistan:
More than 60 million people are living below the poverty line in Pakistan. These
people cannot even meet their basic needs due to limited finance. Additionally, if
they are diagnosed with any disease, they have nowhere to go. The local
hospitals, nurses, and doctors are not enough to cater to all the underprivileged
people in Pakistan. The government has not made health care in Pakistan a
priority.
Local hospitals have been treating poor people for free but they are not able to
cater to many people at a time due to lack of resources. Also, if patients need
surgical treatment from local hospitals, then they have to wait for a long time
because of the waiting list. By the time their turn comes, the patient either
expires or their health gets worse. There is a backlog of more than 2 million
surgeries in Pakistan and the number is increasing with each passing day.

On the other hand, people living in rural communities are not aware of their
disease due to which they are not able to get proper treatment on time. There are
a number of diseases that are widespread in Pakistan and poor people are mostly
suffering from them. The main reason is lack of awareness and finance.
Following is the list of top 15 health issues in Pakistan:
1 – Malaria
The majority of people living in slums suffer from Malaria. This disease is caused
when mosquitoes breed on unclean water and unsanitary conditions which is very
common in rural areas. Malaria can cause death too if left untreated. It is one of
the top health issues in Pakistan.

2 – Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is another major disease affecting a large number of people in
Pakistan. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Pakistan ranks in
one of the top 5 countries that are highly prone to tuberculosis. This disease
spreads by sneezing and coughing and can become deadly if not treated on time.

3 – Dengue Fever
Dengue fever has been affecting people since 2010. In Pakistan, it has taken
thousands of lives of people living in rural areas. Dengue is a viral infection which
is caused by a specific mosquito type. It causes fever, severe headache, and
weakness in the patient. Even after many years, dengue is still prevailing across
the country.

4 – Cancer
Cancer is another deadly disease that is one of the leading causes of death in
Pakistan. The two major cancer types that are widespread in Pakistan are breast
cancer and lung cancer. More than 40,000 women in Pakistan die every year
because of breast cancer. There is a lack of awareness and proper health care
facilities due to which cancer is rising at an alarming rate in Pakistan. On the other
hand, lung cancer is caused mainly because of smoking as Pakistan is the largest
consumer of tobacco in South Asia.

5 – ischemic heart disease

Ischemic Heart disease is one of the most fatal diseases in Pakistan. Factors such
as pollution, unhealthy food, unclean water, and smoking give rise to this heart
disease. In rural and slum areas of Pakistan, people don’t have enough resources
to treat themselves if they suffer from heart disease. This results in causing
further health problems and even deaths.

6 – Stroke
Around 350,000 cases of stroke are reported in Pakistan each year. Stroke is one
of the leading causes of death in Pakistan. Depressive symptoms in particular, but
also the chronic stress in life, increases the risk of older people having a stroke or
transient ischemic attack. There is a need for a better understanding of important,
potentially modifiable stroke risk factors, including stress and negative emotions
among the patients to avoid strokes.

7 – Diabetes
More than 7 million people are suffering from diabetes in Pakistan right now. Lack
of nutritious food and awareness is increasing the number of diabetic patients in
the country. According to the study, by 2030 Pakistan will be among the top 5
countries having the largest diabetic population in the world.

8 – Hepatitis – Top 15 health issues in Pakistan

Hepatitis A and E are formed through the consumption of unhealthy food and
drinking unclean water. Since the hygiene conditions are far from satisfactory in
the rural and slum areas of Pakistan, hepatitis is increasing with each passing day.
The symptoms of such hepatitis include diarrhea, jaundice, and fever. Hepatitis E
also affects the urinary tract in the body. On the other hand, hepatitis B and C are
also very common all over Pakistan. Hepatitis B and C are formed because of
blood transfusions and sharing pieces of equipment such as razors, toothbrushes,
and other household articles.

9 – HIV/AIDS
According to the UNAIDS, it is estimated that there are around 100,000 HIV
positive cases in Pakistan. The major cause of this disease in Pakistan is the use of
infected syringes among drug addicts. Sindh has the highest rate of HIV with more
than 50,000 patients. The government needs to take serious action to prevent HIV
AIDS in Pakistan as the number of patients with this disease is growing at an
alarming rate with each passing year.

10 – Maternal and Child Health

Mother and child health is a serious issue that is widespread in rural areas than
that in cities. Due to lack of proper food, awareness, and treatment, women in
rural areas suffer during their pregnancy resulting in poor health of their babies.
In many cases, babies are born dead or they suffer from minor to major birth
defects. Maternal and child health is one of the serious health issues in Pakistan
which needs immediate action.

11 – Acute Respiratory Infection – Top 15 health issues in Pakistan

Acute respiratory infection is the leading cause of death in children of Pakistan.
The main causes of this infection include malnutrition, lack of vaccines, and
awareness. In rural Pakistan, women are unable to provide proper nutrition to
their children due to a lack of finance. This results in many health complications in
their children.

12 – Hypertension – Top 15 health issues in Pakistan

Around 20% of the total population in Pakistan is suffering from hypertension
making it one of the top health issues in Pakistan. Due to a lack of money, people
with hypertension don’t seek medical treatment. Hypertension, if not treated on
time may lead to other serious health issues including stroke, heart, and kidney
diseases.

13 – Asthma
Around 7% of Pakistan’s population is suffering from asthma and the percentage
is expected to increase in the coming years. The main causes of asthma include
smoke, dust and pollution. There is no permanent cure for asthma but with
proper medical treatment, patients can live a normal life without any issue.
14 – Diarrhea
More than 300,000 children die because of diarrhea every year in Pakistan.
Children in rural areas mostly suffer from this disease because of an unhealthy
diet and unhygienic living conditions. Due to limited finance, the families of these
children are unable to provide them with medical treatment. These conditions
result in the deaths of thousands of children suffering from diarrhea in rural
areas. Diarrhea is one of the leading health issues in Pakistan.

15 – Mental Health
Around 60 million people in Pakistan are suffering from a mental disorder. Only a
few cases are reported but they are not treated properly as there are no
advanced medical facilities available for mental health patients in Pakistan. Sadly,
many patients never seek treatment and they are shunned by their family
members. It is one of the serious health issues in Pakistan.
There is a need to provide proper health care facilities not only to the upper class
but also to the rural areas all over Pakistan. The government should take serious
action to promote the quality of healthcare all over Pakistan. Not only this, but
proper education about these diseases is also important especially to the poor
community.
Causes and Solution of such poor Healthcare System in Pakistan:
The main causes of this poor system is that Govt. spend less from the GDP of the
entire country and the solution is also vice versa, is that the Govt. needs to needs
to increase the amount of GDP spend on the Healthcare or Medical System of the
country as it’s the very basic need and we are far further from this.

5-Unemployment in Pakistan:
Pakistan, an Asian country, is dealing with a number of difficulties at the moment,
with unemployment being one among them. In response to a scarcity of available
resources, the unemployment rate in Pakistan is growing rapidly, and when
joblessness occurs, various criminal activities are triggered by default. This article
has made every effort to identify some of the most significant reasons of
unemployment in Pakistan, as well as potential solutions.

Youth Unemployment in Pakistan is the largest issue that the country is

experiencing. Nowadays, thanks to this, unemployment is at its height. A terrible
reality that Pakistan is today afflicted by massive unemployment. This paragraph
is all about the reasons of unemployment in the country and gives the best
feasible solutions.

Unemployment Literal meaning:

Unemployment can be known as a condition in which people are unable to find

work for a range of different causes. In addition to individual causes, there are
various other types of unemployment. These include socioeconomic as well as
specific problems.

Unemployment has the potential to have devastating consequences, not only for
people, as well as for the economy as a whole. Throughout this paragraph, the
many types of unemployment, as well as their causes and solutions, are discussed
in depth.

Causes of Unemployment in Pakistan:

Unemployment is among the most important social and economic crises that the
country is now confronting. To be completely honest, this is an issue that present
in this country at an alarming level.

The following are the factors that contribute to unemployment in Pakistan. There
are over 2 million unemployed people in Pakistan, which is a very concerning
indicator for the country’s citizens. In other words, there are numerous reasons
for people to be out of work. Our ancestry is causing us problems.

Rapidly growing Population Rate:

The uncontrolled rise of the population in Pakistan is one of the most serious
concerns facing the country’s unemployed. Country’s Population is growing at an
alarmingly rapid rate at the moment. According to official statistics, the
population of Pakistan is growing at a pace of 2.2 percent per year.

Many reasons contribute to overpopulation, including early marriage, illiteracy, a

desire for more sons, and a lack of awareness, to name a few examples. Since it is
well known that Pakistan’s education system is inadequate, an increase in
population will inevitably result in an increase in the number of ignorant people
entering the labor force.

The govt or any other organization will be unable to create jobs or work locations
for the large number of illiterate persons in the population. It has been shown
that population expansion is a pretty regular occurrence in many areas. The
majority of people who live in villages are uneducated, and as a result, they are
unable to deal with the difficulties that arise as a result of overpopulation.

Fault in Our education System:

The education system in Pakistan has not progressed in line with the passage of
time. There are a number of technical colleges that provide students with
training, but this training does not meet the needs of the industry. In addition,
they are not trained. First from primary school level to graduates and
postgraduates, students must be trained in a variety of capabilities, with the
primary emphasis being on developing entrepreneurial skills and qualities in
young people.

Pakistan’s Current Economic Situation:

Pakistan’s economic decline is no longer a mystery in these modern times. The

prices of everyday things have skyrocketed to absurd levels. As a result, there is a
shortage of demand. Many businesses are suffering from a severe downturn, with
an average 5 hundred thousand workers losing their employment in the last ten
months.

Many businesses are reducing their workforces and cutting their wages in order to
cut costs and maximize profits. As a result, the majority of Pakistanis are afraid to
start a new business, and as a result, there are no new employment. If the
economic situation remains unchanged, the rate of unemployment will climb
from its current level of 6.14 percent, which is a concerning development. To deal
with the current economic downturn, drastic measures are required.

Energy crisis in the country:

Pakistan’s energy crisis is the primary source of concern for all factories and
industries in the country. We were tortured by the load sheading for 20 years,
until it was finally resolved in 2017.

We are now generating the majority of the energy through the use of furnace oil.
Which, let’s face it, is the most expensive option. Because the price of electricity is
excessively high, the products that we manufacture in our industries are
excessively expensive when compared to the products of other countries.

High Taxation Rate:

Raw – materials taxation, import taxation, property taxation, income taxation,

and revenue taxation are all contributing to the decline of our industry, which is
the result of which the sector is not growing.

Manufacturing industries of all types will not and cannot create additional jobs or
contribute to the economy of their respective companies unless and until the
government stands by its support and provides subsidies and facilities.

Rapid increase in Dollar rate:

The dolor rates are increasing with each new day, and this trend will continue.
The cost of the basic materials we acquire is getting ever prohibitively expensive.

Because of the rise in the rate of misery, our own currency is becoming
increasingly corrosive. When we sell anything for $1 in the foreign market, it costs
us 167 Rs in the domestic market. The value is decreasing. The export is causing
significant damage, and the companies are not manufacturing for the export
market.
Violence of Law:

Because the law is not regarded as a significant or serious component of our

society, it is not mentioned here. Because of a lack of respect for the law,
everyone feels himself to be superior and is free to do whatever he wants. As a
result, the system becomes inefficient, and people refrain from investing or
creating businesses in the country.

Retirement Age:

Pensioners in Pakistan can retire at the age of 60, which is an unusually advanced
age for this country, and the pakistani government bears direct responsibility for
this situation. There are a large number of educated people who are looking for
work, but the high retirement age is making young people frustrated.

Terrorism:

Terrorism is also another significant source of unemployment. Pakistan is

confronted with a horrific condition of terrorism, which is particularly acute in
Karachi, which is a center of business activity.

Foreign investors are wary of investing in our country, and as a result,

employment prospects are few and few between. Additionally, Afghan refugees
are a significant source of unemployment in Pakistan, in addition to the issues
mentioned above.

Solution of Unemployment in Pakistan:

Given Pakistan’s large population, it will be difficult for the government to resolve
one of the country’s most pressing problems, unemployment. Nonetheless, we
have provided some solutions to help reduce unemployment in Pakistan, and we
are hopeful that by implementing these solutions, the percentage of
unemployment in the country will be reduced or even eliminated entirely.

 The first step towards reducing unemployment in Pakistan is for the

government of Pakistan to develop a comprehensive plan.
  It is necessary to build well-recognized training and technical institutes
where skills programs can be delivered.
 At the very least, the retirement age should be 55 years old.
 Remove the energy situation so that investors will flock to Pakistan,
resulting in the automatic creation of job opportunities.

 Peace should prevail throughout the country so that foreign investors

would not be hesitant to make investments in Pakistan.
 It is necessary to improve the agricultural sector.
 It is necessary to improve the agricultural sector.
 Multinational corporations are interested in doing business in Pakistan.
 Centers for family planning should be established in order to stem the
tide of overpopulation.
Unemployability can be defined by the ratio of persons who desire to do a job and
are actively looking for work but are unsuccessful in their search for work.

In Conclusion:

Unemployment is considered to be a reflection of a country’s economic health.

From the beginning, Pakistan was confronted with the problem of unemployment
as a result of the country’s dismal economic state. One of the primary reasons for
unemployment in Pakistan is inflation, which is compounded by a lack of
industrialization.

Unemployment in Pakistan is one of the most glaring issues facing the country. In
the following article, we have examined the extent to which unemployment has
an impact on Economic growth and its people. What should be done to remedy
this big issue. Pakistan, while having a growing population, is in a highly
precarious position, ranking 99th in the world when it comes to unemployment.
THE END