“Examining the Impact of Facebook on Senior High School Students of La

Consolacion College Pasig’s Political Ideology, a Basis for an Online Intervention

Program”

Researchers

Melosantos, Ezra Roccee F.

Donasco, Isabella Moira D.

Mitchell, Cassandra Nicole M.

Tan, Janaella Cyrstelle D.

Genteliso, Kristin Fritz

La Consolacion College Pasig

Humanities and Social Sciences

Research Teacher

De Leon, Jhester

S.Y. 2023-2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………… i
Dedication ………………………………………………………………………. ii
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………. vi
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Rationale ………………………………………………………………………… 1
Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………………... 2
Hypothesis ……………………………………………………………………….. 3
Framework ………………………………………………………………………. 4
Scope and Limitations …………………………………………………………… 5
Significance of the Study ………………………………………………………… 6
Definition of Terms ………………………………………………………………. 7
Review of Related Literatures ……………………………………………………. 8

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY
Research Design …………………………………………………………………. 14
Research Locale …………………………………………………………………. 15
Population Sample and Sampling Technique ……………………………………. 16
Validity and Reliability of the Instrument ………………………………………. .16
Data-gathering Procedure ……………………………………………………….. 17
Statistical Treatment ……………………………………………………………… 18

CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Matrix 1 ………………………………………………………………………….. 21
Matrix 2 ………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Matrix 3 ………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Matrix 4 ………………………………………………………………………….. 23
Matrix 5 ………………………………………………………………………….. 26

CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings ………………………………………………………….. 29
Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………. 32
Recommendations ………………………………………………………………33
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would want to express their sincerest gratitude. This study

was made possible by the assistance of notable people who guided and assisted the

researchers during the duration of the research.

MRS. MICHELLE M. SIAPCO, La Consolacion College- Pasig Principal, for

giving an overwhelming accommodation and assistance to the researchers to pursue

the study.

MR. JOVEN D. CHAVEZ, La Consolacion College- Pasig College Deans, for

assisting us with our concerns and guiding us through our research title.

MR. JHESTER C. DE LEON, Research Adviser, for sharing his knowledge and

expertise and for guiding us throughout our research.

The RESEARCH MEMBERS, for their hard work and perseverance in achieving

their goals to complete this research paper.

And foremost, to the Almighty God, for giving us wisdom, strength, ability, and

protection.
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this research to teenagers, future voters, and basically every Filipino. This

research is about how Facebook affects high school students in La Consolacion Pasig

when it comes to their political beliefs. It's a big deal because it shows how social

media can influence what young people think about politics.

I especially want to thank the Senior High School students who took part in this

study. Your thoughts and experiences have taught us a lot about how Facebook and

politics mix, and how we might help make things better online.

I also dedicate this to my family, who’s been supporting me. I want this research to

help other students or future researchers to never give up, focus on your goal, and

believe that everything is possible. I want to dedicate this research to myself. Even

when I had a hard time with myself, I gave my all and I want to thank myself for that.

Ezra Roccee F. Melosantos

 DEDICATION

To the esteemed panelists and all who appreciate the importance of politics, this

dedication is for you. As we conclude our research on the impact of Facebook on

senior high school students' political ideology, we honor those who share our passion

for politics. Your commitment is commendable. Together, let us continue nurturing

politically conscious individuals who actively shape our society. With heartfelt

gratitude, Janaella Crystelle Tan.

Janaella Crystelle D. Tan

 DEDICATION

To my mother, whose boundless love and unwavering encouragement propelled me

forward. To my father, for his enduring support and belief in my abilities. To my

friends, whose unwavering assistance eased the challenges along the way. To the

future researchers, may this work provide valuable insights for your own endeavors.

And to my classmates and teachers, thank you for your guidance and collaboration in

shaping this research.

Isabella Moira D. Donasco

 DEDICATION

To all Senior High School Students of La Consolacion College Pasig as well as those

outside the LCCP premises, this study is dedicated to you.

Kristin Fritz P. Genteliso

 DEDICATION

I dedicate this study to future viewers, especially future voters and voters in need of

guidance, like myself.

I also dedicate this study paper to myself, who are in the voting age, to make the right

decision when voting and to believe in legitimate news on social media.

Finally, I thank our Almighty God for giving me the gift of wisdom, strength, and

protection.

Cassandra Nicole M. Mitchell

ABSTRACT
This research delves into the influence of Facebook on the political engagement of

senior high school students at La Consolacion College Pasig. Through a survey, it

was found that while Facebook serves as a moderate platform for political exposure,

students exhibit a cautious and critical approach towards political content on the

platform. Despite being exposed to political discourse, active participation remains

limited among the student body. Notably, a significant majority of students

demonstrate a commendable level of media literacy, frequently conducting

independent research to validate information encountered on Facebook.

The survey results indicate that political content on Facebook prompts a considerable

portion of students to reconsider or challenge their political views. However, actual

engagement in political discussions or expression of views on the platform is less

dominant. This suggests that Facebook primarily serves as a passive medium for

political exposure.

Moreover, the findings emphasize the careful stance of students towards verifying

political information on Facebook, with the majority engaging in fact-checking and

independent research before endorsing or believing in posts. While Facebook remains

a notable source of political information for a majority of students, it is not their sole

or primary source for staying informed about political events.

Overall, this research highlights the importance of understanding the role of Facebook

in shaping the political ideologies of senior high school students. The insights gained

from this study can inform the development of targeted online intervention programs

aimed at promoting critical thinking and responsible engagement with political

content on social media platforms.

 CHAPTER I

Rationale

The rationale for this research is rooted in the pivotal role social media,

particularly Facebook, plays in shaping the political ideologies of senior high school

students in La Consolacion Pasig. Understanding how online platforms influence

their beliefs becomes imperative as these students navigate a crucial period of

ideological development. By scrutinizing this impact, the study seeks to uncover

potential biases, misinformation, or polarizing tendencies within the online

environment. The findings aim to inform the creation of a targeted online intervention

program designed to equip students with critical thinking skills and media literacy.

This intervention empowers students to engage with political content on Facebook

more discerningly, fostering a well-informed and nuanced understanding of political

ideologies.

Statement of the Problem

Concerns have been raised about the impact of social media on various

elements of adolescent development, with a particular emphasis on political ideology.

They realize how crucial political concepts are in shaping cultural norms. The

primary objective of this research is to determine whether demographic

characteristics impact how senior high school students use Facebook to influence

politics and how common political online discussions are among these students.
The following questions are the focus of this study:

1.

Are there demographic factors (e.g., gender, age) that moderate the

relationship between Facebook use and political ideology among senior high

school students in La Consolacion Pasig?

• Sex

• Strand

2. In what way does Political Posts on Facebook influence the formation of

political opinions and beliefs among Senior High School students of La

Consolacion College - Pasig?

3. What percentage of students research topics in online posts before concluding

an argument or topic seen online?

4. What percentage of senior high school students in La Consolacion engage in

online political discourse?

Hypothesis

The research utilizes the alternative hypothesis, asserting that enhanced

interaction with political content on Facebook among senior high school students is

linked to a potential change in their political ideologies. This proposition is based on

the premise that their exposure to and examination of such posts may shape their

perspectives.
Framework

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development posits that adolescents in the

formal operational stage (ages 12 and above) can engage in hypothetical-deductive

reasoning. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning allows individuals to consider abstract

concepts and potential outcomes, allowing for the forming of ideologies.

Adolescents in the formal operational stage may use their advanced cognitive

abilities to analyze political ideologies, evaluate their implications, and form their

own beliefs based on reasoning and deduction. Ideologies may develop or later on

regarding various aspects like life, experiences, social issues, and politics, and it all

starts at the age of 12.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The researchers aim to investigate how the mediator variable, represented by the

factors that affect the Political Ideology of Senior High School Students of La

Consolacion College Pasig (Dependent Variable), from Facebook (Independent

Variable). The dependent variable in this study is the Political Ideology of Senior
High School Students of La Consolacion College Pasig, while the independent

variable is facebook. The researchers aspire to determine how these factors contribute

to the development of political bias, particularly in the context of Facebook usage.

Additionally, the framework considers the demographic profile as a moderator

variable, examining how individual characteristics influence the connection between

the factors affecting political bias and the students' political ideology. Through this

investigation, the researchers seek to provide valuable insights into the factors that

shape political ideology among senior high school students and inform the

development of an effective online intervention program targeting political bias.

Scope and Limitations

This study covers the influence of Facebook usage among senior high school

students of La Consolacion College Pasig on political ideology. Data collection will

be initiated on selected senior high school students at La Consolacion College Pasig.

Significance of the Study

The study focused on examining the effect of Facebook usage on senior high

school students of La Consolacion College Pasig on the aspects of political ideology.

The result of the study will be beneficial to the following:

Respondents- The respondents will know the importance of knowing and researching

suitable candidates.

Future Voters- Future voters will benefit from this research by being less likely to

fall for clickbait and false information.

Future Researchers- The outcome of the study will help future researchers. It can

help them to use this research as a stepping stone.

Students- Through the help of this research, the students will realize the importance

of fact check and political awareness.

School- This study will help the school understand and raise awareness of Facebook's

political impact on students.

Definition of Terms

Media literacy - refers to the capacity to critically evaluate news reports from the

media and determine their accuracy or originality.

Online Intervention - refers to providing data via the Internet.

Pivotal - refers to the crucial importance of the advancement or success of something

else.

Political Ideology - refers to people's ideas, thoughts, and perspectives on any

political topic.

Social Media - refers to a platform or an online site that contains sharing of content

or participates in social networking.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

In the era of digital connectivity, the influence of social media on political engagement has

become increasingly significant, particularly among the youth demographic. This review of

related literature and studies examines the intricate relationship between social media use and

political participation, focusing on the Filipino context. By delving into various research

endeavors, both local and international, this review aims to provide insights into how online

platforms shape political decision-making processes, awareness, and engagement among

individuals and communities. Through an exploration of empirical studies and theoretical

frameworks, this review seeks to shed light on the complexities of navigating political

discourse in an online setting.

Local studies:

The way that knowledge is exchanged, distributed, and absorbed has significantly changed as

a result of social media. Social media is becoming a more important factor in determining

how young Filipinos engage in politics. The study "The Effects of Social Media Use and

Political Communication Networks on the Filipino Youth's Political Participation" by

Bunquin, J.(2020) attempts to investigate how social media use and political communication

networks affect young Filipinos' political engagement.

This review provides a thorough knowledge of the complex relationship that exists between

the usage of social media, political communication networks, and youth political participation

in the Philippines. In his summary of the body of information, the study highlights how
crucial it is to understand the various dynamics and causes at play. The intricate relationship

between social media and the political decision-making of Filipino young must be

acknowledged by individuals, governments, and researchers in order to successfully traverse

the challenges of political engagement in the digital age.

Social media allows individuals to connect with others and grow their networks of political

communication. Social media platforms also offer several platforms for engagement. The

usage of social media was thought to have an impact on young people's political engagement

as well as the makeup of their political communication network. This study, which was

informed by social network theory, looked at how social media use affected young Filipinos'

political participation as well as how political communication networks and their features

worked as a mediating factor to mitigate the impact of social media use on political

engagement. These network features include network size, network expertise, opinion

diversity, relationship diversity, network closeness, and network communication, according to

the literature.

In the study “Reliance on Facebook for News and its Influence on Political Engagement”

David, C.C. et al.(2019) seek to examine the influence of reliance on Facebook for news of

political engagement, that is independent of the use of traditional news sources. published in

PloS One, the study aims to scrutinize the impact of citizens' dependence on Facebook for

political news on their political awareness and engagement. The researchers posited a

hypothesis suggesting that individuals who rely less on social media as a news source possess

higher levels of perceived political knowledge compared to those dependent solely on it. The
study's findings supported this hypothesis, interpreting the term "reliance" as indicative of an

absence of alternative information sources.

The study delved into the notion that users heavily reliant on Facebook for news experience

limited exposure without it. The underlying hypothesis suggests that individuals dependent on

Facebook for political news may lack an inherent interest in acquiring political knowledge

beyond their Facebook feed.

The study conducted by Mariano, J., et al., (2021) titled "Social Media and Political

Decision Making", published in Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz,

Nueva Ecija, Philippines, aims to scrutinize the impact of citizens' dependence on Facebook

for political decision making. The hypothesis that there is no relationship between social

media exposure and the political decision-making of their respondents, Central Luzon State

University students, is rejected by the study, which found that social media has an impact on

the respondents' political decision-making. The study demonstrated a correlation between

Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram and recommended political decision-making.

The study “Social Media, Politics, and the Youth of the 21st Century in Noveleta, Cavite: A

Sequential Explanatory Mixed Method Study” conducted by Calderon, A.C., et al (2023)

The study looked into how young individuals in Noveleta, Cavite, Philippines, used social

media to participate in politics in 2023. It employed a mixed-methods study with a sequential

explanatory strategy to allow for a thorough examination. The study's objectives were to find

out how social media is influencing the political involvement of young people in the

twenty-first century and whether participating in politics online will boost respondents'

political activity participation. According to the research, there is a moderate correlation

between social media use and political engagement. Young adults use social media

extensively, but they rarely utilize it for political purposes.

The study “An Analysis of the Influence of Facebook on Political Participation of College

Students in Cebu City Based on the Cognitive and Communication Mediation Model.”

conducted by Cayas, E. (2020), published in Philippine Political Science Journal seeks to

analyze the impact of Facebook on the political participation of college students in Cebu City,

using the Cognitive and Communication Mediation Model proposed by Chen and Chan

(2017). Employing a non-experimental quantitative approach, the study utilized exploratory

data analysis through path analysis. The findings suggest that motivations for using

Facebook, such as seeking guidance, surveillance, and social utility, are positively associated

with both online and offline political participation. This relationship is mediated by factors

such as news consumption, expression, political knowledge, and internal political efficacy.

International Studies:

In an age where facts have less bearing on public opinion than appeals to people's sensibilities

and beliefs, the study conducted by Ariestyani, K., (2019) “Patterns of Truth: Explaining

Trust, SocialMedia, and Truth in Indonesian Contemporary Politics” examines the use of

social media as a platform for political opinion and information sharing. The researchers

point out how social media directly affects the democratic process. Users have the ability to

share unconfirmed information with other users. Instead of disclosing the actual facts, most

people have a tendency to reveal themselves to beliefs, values, and viewpoints that they have

already come to accept.

Evaluating social media's place in a democratic process is the study's goal. In the era of

information overload, the study seeks to address how people utilize social media to look for

political truth and credibility. The primary focus of the research, which employs direct

phenomenology as its methodology, is the informants' experiences. During an interview, the

informants are asked to consider and discuss their subjective experiences with the

phenomena. At the conclusion of their study, the researchers considered social media as a

good opportunity to challenge democracy. Unwanted outcomes, however, are unavoidable

with a tool as potent as social media since two kinds of information can proliferate and users'

opinions, viewpoints, or personal beliefs are inevitably going to influence posts on social

media when consuming and creating social media posts.

The study “Social Media and Elections in Southeast Asia: The Emergence of Subversive,

Underground Campaigning.” Asian Studies Review 45, no. 1, conducted by Tapsell, R.,

(2021). This study aims to explore how social media is used in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the

Philippines. It finds that social media is important not only in democratic campaigns but also

in semi-authoritarian contexts.

The study based on interviews with campaign professionals shows that social media is used to

challenge mainstream and official channels. It also shows how social media is used for

campaigning that goes against the mainstream, focusing on identity and using tactics from

traditional media campaigns.

The widespread adoption of social media has led to its incorporation into the realm of

political communication, where it has become customary for politicians to actively engage in

online campaigning to garner support.

The study conducted by Metz, M., et al. (2019), titled "Personalization of Politics on

Facebook: examining the Content and Effects of Professional, emotional, and Private

Self-personalization," delves into the utilization and impacts of politicians'

self-personalization strategies on Facebook. This research seeks to understand not only how

politicians utilize the platform for self-presentation but also the resulting effects on their

audience and the broader political landscape.

The study conducted by Stier, S., et al (2019). “Election Campaigning on Social Media:

Politicians, Audiences, and the Mediation of Political Communication on Facebook and

Twitter.” In Studying Politics Across Media (1st ed), Routledge, aims to study and explore

how politicians used Facebook and Twitter during the 2013 German federal election

campaign. It investigates whether politicians address topics important to the mass audience

and how their communication is influenced by these platforms. Using a survey and a

language model, the study finds that politicians and their audiences prioritize different topics

than the mass audience. It also reveals that politicians use Facebook and Twitter for different

purposes, highlighting how social media shapes political communication.

Facebook serves a variety of purposes, including political ones, which vary based on time

patterns and demographics. The study of Hussain, M. Saeed, R. & Ashraf, A. (2021), titled

“Facebook Use for Political Motives Difference in Time Patterns and Student
Demographics” this study adds to theories of uses and gratifications, individual differences,

and social categories by examining the relationship between Facebook use and political

motives, considering how time patterns and demographics influence Facebook use and

political gratifications. Conducted among university students in Lahore, the research uses a

quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey and offline questionnaire.

The study reveals a moderate correlation between Facebook use and political gratifications,

along with a moderate interaction effect between weekly and daily time patterns regarding

political motives. Age significantly influences the difference in Facebook use and political

gratification, with male students generally using Facebook, especially for political purposes,

more than females. Students tend to use Facebook for political gratifications between thirty

minutes and two hours, focusing on a two-day interval.

 CHAPTER 2

Research Design

Objective

Investigate the influence of Facebook on the political ideology of senior

high school students at La Consolacion Pasig. Develop insights to inform

the creation of an effective online intervention program.

Research Questions

- How does Facebook usage correlate with the political ideology of senior

high school students?

- What specific aspects of Facebook (e.g., content exposure interactions)

contribute to changes in political beliefs?

- What elements should be included in an online intervention program to

mitigate negative political influences on students?

Study Participants

The participants for this study are the Senior High School Students of La

Consolacion College Pasig.

Variables

The independent variable in our study is Facebook, while the dependent

variable is the Political Ideology of Senior High School Students of La

Consolacion College Pasig.

Data Analysis

Utilize statistical tools to examine correlations between Facebook usage and

political ideology. Employ quantitative analysis techniques for insights from

interviews and focus groups.

Ethical Considerations

Obtain informed consent from participants, ensure confidentiality and

anonymity, and comply with ethical guidelines for research involving

minors.

Research Locale

The research will be conducted at the La Consolacion College - Pasig

(LCCP), a private learning institution. The institution is at 641 Mercedes

Avenue, San Miguel, Pasig City. The institution offers five tracks for Senior

High School students: STEM, ABM, HUMSS, GAS, and ICT.

Population Sample and Sampling Technique

The intended respondents, or La Consolacion College Pasig Senior High

School Students, will be selected randomly; we will use the purposive sampling

technique. To create the population sample that will be finalized for a survey, each

person in the selected population type will be surveyed by giving them the prepared

questionnaires.

Validity and Reliability of the Instrument

Validity refers to the extent to which an instrument measures what it intends to

measure. To establish validity for the research instrument, us researchers will

ensure that the questions accurately reflect the impact of Facebook on political

ideology among senior high school students at La Consolacion Pasig.

Reliability, on the other hand, refers to the consistency and stability of our

instrument. Us researchers will conduct a pilot test with a sample of senior high

school students from La Consolacion Pasig to identify any issues with the

questions.
 By addressing validity through content validation and reliability through pilot

testing and internal consistency measures, we can enhance the robustness of the

research instrument for a more accurate study on the impact of Facebook on

political ideology among Senior High school Students of La Consolacion

College Pasig.

Data Gathering Procedure

Giving the suggested respondents the surveys or questionnaires we had

prepared for the respondents will be how we collect data. We will give them a

survey with pre-made questions, and we will collect their responses. Also, all of the

responses gathered will be analyzed.

Sample Size

The following statistical procedures were used to interpret the data gathered

from the study respondents.

1. Formula for Proportion. There are several methods to calculate sample size, but

a common approach for this type of study would be using the following formula for

proportions.
 n = (z^2 * p(1-p)) / e^2

Where:

n = Sample size (number of students to survey)

z = Z-score corresponding to the desired confidence level (usually 1.96 for

95% confidence)

p = Estimated proportion of the population with a specific characteristic

(often assumed to be 0.5 for initial calculations, as it gives the most conservative

estimate for sample size)

e = Margin of error (acceptable difference between sample results and

population value)

Statistical Treatment of the Data

The following statistical procedures were used to interpret the data gathered

from the study respondents.

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution - The overall variables used in the study

were analyzed using this formula:

 P = 𝑓/𝑛(100)

Where:

P= Percentage

F= Frequency for each category

N= Total Observation

2. Weighted Mean - The weighted mean was used to compute the weight of the

observation during the actual experiment and data-gathering procedure. The formula

for the weighted mean is as follows:

Where:

Σ = summation symbol

w= assigned weight

x= the value
3. Standard Deviation – this was used to determine how spread out the results and

how far observed values are in the mean. Standard deviation was obtained through the

formula below:

Where:

∑ = summation symbol

X = each value

x̅ = sample mean

n = number of values in the sample

 CHAPTER 3

I. The Profile of our Respondents

MATRIX 1

The Profile of Respondents According to Strand

Strand Frequency Percentage

ABM 61 26.2%

GAS 1 0.4%

HUMSS 51 21.9%

ICT 31 13.3%

STEM 89 38.2%

Total 233 100.0%

 The table shows the profile of students across different strands in a school.

STEM is the most popular strand, with 89 students making up 38.2% of the total. This

is followed by HUMSS with 51 students (21.9%) and ABM with 61 students (26.2%).

The least popular strand is ICT, with only 31 students (13.3%).

Overall, the distribution of students across strands is fairly uneven. STEM is

the most popular choice, followed by ABM and HUMSS. ICT is the least popular

strand.

MATRIX 2

The Profile of Respondents According to Grade and Section

Grade and

Section Frequency Percentage

11 - St. Alfonso 36 15.5%

11 - St. Ambrose 38 16.3%

11 - St. Ezekiel 42 18.0%

11 - St. Veronica 24 10.3%

 12 - St. Alypius 30 12.9%

12 - St.
11.2%
Magadalene 26

12 - St.
15.9%
Possidius 37

Total 233 100.0%

Based on the table showing the grade level distribution of students, there are more

students in grade 12 than in grade 11. There are 99 students in 12th grade compared

to 134 students in 11th grade.

MATRIX 3

The Profile of Respondents According to Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage

Female 147 63.1%

Male 86 36.9%

Total 233 100.0%

Based on the table, there are more females (63.1%) than males (36.9%).
 MATRIX 4

Weighted Mean, Standard Deviation, and Verbal Interpretation Obtained from

Respondents

Examining the Impact of

Facebook on Senior High School Never Occasionally Often Always

Students of La Consolacion Weighted Standard Verbal

College Pasig Political Ideology Mean Deviation Interpretation

a Basis For an Online Frequency

Intervention Program
1 2 3 4

1.) I often use Facebook. 6 63 83 81 3.03 0.85 Often

2.) I often see political posts on

20 90 93 30 2.57 0.82 Often
Facebook.

3.) I actively engage in political

discussions or express political 89 88 46 10 1.90 0.86 Occasionally

views on Facebook.

4.) Political content on Facebook

leads me to reconsider or 41 101 69 22 2.31 0.87 Occasionally

challenge my political opinions.

5.) I often see posts that have the

24 82 95 32 2.58 0.85 Often
same political views as me.

6.) I engage in political content

96 85 38 14 1.87 0.90 Occasionally
that doesn't align with my views.
7.) I do my own research before

following or believing a post 10 37 80 106 3.21 0.86 Often

made on Facebook.

8.) I often fact-check political

20 52 72 89 2.99 0.98 Often
posts on Facebook.

9.) I have witnessed instances of

conflict that have arisen from

political discussions on 26 80 78 49 2.64 0.94 Often

Facebook among senior high

school students.

10.) I feel the pressure to

conform to political views or

ideologies based on majority

63 85 63 22 2.19 0.94 Occasionally
opinions on Facebook.

ideologies based on majority

opinions on Facebook.

11.) I rely on Facebook as a

primary source for staying 76 93 47 17 2.02 0.91 Occasionally

informed on political events.

12.) I see diverse political

25 90 89 29 2.52 0.85 Often
content on my Facebook feed.

13.) I can distinguish credible

information and unreliable

11 59 94 69 2.95 0.86 Often
information from Facebook

posts.

Overall Result 2.52 0.88 Often

A survey of social media habits and political engagement among senior high school

students at La Consolacion College Pasig suggests Facebook serves a moderate role

in their political discussions. While Facebook use itself is frequent (Item #1), active

participation in discussions (Item #3) and expressing personal views is occasional.

Interestingly, students reported witnessing political arguments frequently (Item #9),

suggesting exposure to some level of online political discourse.

The survey also highlights a sense of media literacy among these students. They

reported frequently doing their own research before trusting information on Facebook

(Item #7) and often fact-checking political posts (Item #8). Facebook seems to be a

prominent platform for political content consumption, with students frequently seeing

political posts in general (Item #2), posts aligned with their views (Item #5), and

diverse political content (Item #12). However, it appears students are discerning about

their news sources, as relying on Facebook primarily for political news was reported

as occasional (Item #11).

Finally, the survey captured some indications of peer pressure on the platform.

Students reported occasional feelings of pressure to conform to political views

expressed on Facebook (Item #10). Overall, the findings suggest Facebook exposes

students to political discourse but their active participation is limited. They

 demonstrate some media literacy and don't rely heavily on Facebook for political

news.

MATRIX 5

Frequency and Percentage of Variables’ Factors

Variable Factor Frequency Percentage

Political content on Facebook leads me to

Percentage of students who do 192 82.4%
reconsider or challenge my political opinions.
their research on topics in

online posts before coming to a I do my own research before following or

223 95.7%
conclusion on an argument or believing a post made on Facebook.

topic seen online

I often fact-check political posts on Facebook. 213 91.4%

I actively engage in political discussions

144 61.8%
or express political views on Facebook.

Percentage of senior high school I engage in political content that doesn't

137 58.8%
students in La Consolacion engage align with my views.

in political discourse on the Internet

I can distinguish credible information and

unreliable information from Facebook 222 95.3%

posts.
Based on the table showing the frequency and percentage of political content on

Facebook among senior high school students at La Consolacion College Pasig,

students appear to be critical consumers of information on Facebook and engage in

political discourse occasionally.

A large majority of students (82.4%) reported that political content on Facebook leads

them to reconsider or challenge their political views (Item #1). However, a smaller

percentage (61.8%) said they engage in political discussions or express political

views themselves on Facebook (Item #3).

This suggests that Facebook may be more of a passive source of political exposure for

these students, even though they tend to be critical of the information they encounter

there. This is further supported by the finding that a very large majority of students

(95.7%) reported doing their own research before following or believing a post on

Facebook (Item #2). Similarly, a large majority of students (91.4%) reported

fact-checking political posts on Facebook (Item #4).

Finally, the survey results suggest that students are discerning about where they get

their political news, as relying on Facebook as a primary source for staying informed

on political events was reported by a smaller majority (58.8%) (Item #5).

Overall, the survey results suggest that Facebook plays a moderate role in the political

engagement of senior high school students at La Consolacion College Pasig. They are

exposed to political content but their active participation is limited. They also show a

high degree of media literacy by reporting they often conduct their own research

before trusting information on Facebook.

CHAPTER 4

Summary Findings

Research findings are outlined in relevance to the statement of the problem presented in

the first chapter of our paper.

The distribution of students across different strands in La Consolacion College Pasig

shows that STEM is the most popular strand with 89 students making up 38.2% of the total.

This is followed by ABM with 61 students (26.2%) and HUMSS with 51 students (21.9%).

The least popular strand is ICT, with only 31 students (13.3%). There are more students in

grade 12 than in grade 11, there are 99 students in 12th grade compared to 134 students in
11th grade. Based on the table in chapter 3, there are more females (63.1%) than males

(36.9%).

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #1, which has a total weighted mean

of 3.03, the students indicated often. This shows that the respondents often use Facebook.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #2, which has a total weighted mean

of 2.57, the students indicated often. This shows that the respondents often see political posts

on Facebook.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #3, which has a total weighted mean

of 1.90, the students indicated occasionally. This shows that the respondents occasionally

engaged in expressing political views on Facebook.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #4, which has a total weighted mean

of 2.31, the students indicated occasionally. This shows that the respondents occasionally lead

to consider their political opinions.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #5, which has a total weighted mean

of 2.58, the students indicated often. This shows that the respondents often see posts that have

political views as theirs.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #6, which has a total weighted mean

of 1.87, the students indicated occasionally. This shows that the respondents occasionally

engage in political content that doesn't align with their views.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #7, which has a total weighted mean

of 3.21, the students indicated often. This shows that the respondents often do their own

research before believing a post made on Facebook.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #8, which has a total weighted mean

of 2.99, the students indicated often. This shows that the respondents often fact check

political posts on Facebook.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #9, which has a total weighted mean

of 2.64, the students indicated often. This shows that the respondents often witnessed

instances of conflict that have arisen political topics on Facebook among senior high school

students.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #10, which has a total weighted

mean of 2.19, the students indicated occasionally. This shows that the respondents

occasionally felt pressured to conform to political views based on the majority’s opinions on

Facebook.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #11, which has a total weighted

mean of 2.02, the students indicated occasionally. This shows that the respondents

occasionally rely on Facebook as their primary source for staying informed about political

events.
 Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #12, which has a total weighted

mean of 2.52, the students indicated often. This shows that the respondents often see diverse

political content on their Facebook feed.

Based on the data interpretation for the survey question #13, which has a total weighted

mean of 2.95, the students indicated often. This shows that the respondents often

distinguished credible information and unreliable information from Facebook.

The survey also highlights a sense of media literacy among these students. They reported

frequently doing their own research before trusting information on Facebook (Item #7) and

often fact-checking political posts (Item #8). Facebook seems to be a prominent platform for

political content consumption, with students frequently seeing political posts in general (Item

#2), posts aligned with their views (Item #5), and diverse political content (Item #12).

However, it appears students are discerning about their news sources, as relying on Facebook

primarily for political news was reported as occasional (Item #11).

Finally, the survey captured some indications of peer pressure on the platform. Students

reported occasional feelings of pressure to conform to political views expressed on Facebook

(Item #10). Overall, the findings suggest Facebook exposes students to political discourse but

their active participation is limited. They demonstrate some media literacy and don't rely

heavily on Facebook for political news.

Conclusion
The following conclusions are drawn from our study's findings in accordance with the

findings summary:

The respondents, Senior high school students at La Consolacion College Pasig suggest a

nuanced relationship between political content on Facebook. The students predominantly

adopt a critical stance demonstrating a high level of critical engagement with the political

information they encounter on the platform. This shows that Facebook may primarily serve as

a passive source of political exposure for these students as their active participation in

political discourse remains relatively limited.

Moreover, the survey results reveal a strong commitment to media literacy among the

students, with the vast majority conducting their own research and fact-checking political

posts before accepting them as credible sources of information. This proactive approach to

verifying information reflects a discerning attitude towards online content and suggests a

level of digital literacy that empowers students to navigate the complexities of online political

discourse responsibly.

Overall, the survey data points to a moderate influence of Facebook on senior high school

students at La Consolacion College Pasig's political activity. Although they are exposed to

political content, they don't participate as much as they could. By stating that they frequently

do independent investigation before believing what they read on Facebook, they also

demonstrate a high level of media literacy.

Recommendations
In our research, we recommend senior high school students take the following actions

to combat misinformation on Facebook, with a particular emphasis on utilizing the

dedicated Facebook page we have created, Fact Check Politricks, as a reliable source

of verified information. First and foremost, we urge students to follow and actively

engage with Fact Check Politricks, the Facebook page we have established. By

following our page, students can access accurate and trustworthy information about

politics, enabling them to make informed decisions based on reliable sources.

Additionally, we encourage students to share content from Fact Check Politricks on

their own social media profiles. By sharing accurate information from our page,

students can help counteract the spread of misinformation within their networks and

contribute to a more informed online community.

Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of developing media literacy skills.

Students should be equipped with the ability to critically evaluate information they

come across on Facebook. By learning how to identify reliable sources, fact-check

information, and recognize common tactics used to spread misinformation, students

can navigate the digital landscape more effectively. Engaging in informed discussions

is another crucial step in combating misinformation. Students should be encouraged

to participate in respectful and informed conversations on social media platforms,

including Facebook. By questioning and challenging misinformation with

evidence-based counterarguments, students can contribute to a more accurate and

balanced online discourse. Reporting false or misleading information is an essential

action that students should take when encountering misinformation on Facebook. By

utilizing the reporting features provided by the platform, students can help flag and

remove misinformation, thereby reducing its impact on the platform.

Lastly, we recommend students seek guidance from trusted sources such as teachers,

parents, or Fact Check Politricks when they come across questionable information.

By fostering open dialogue and providing resources for fact-checking and

verification, students can further enhance their ability to discern accurate information

from misinformation. By implementing these recommendations, senior high school

students can actively combat misinformation on Facebook. Through following and

sharing content from Fact Check Politricks, developing media literacy skills,

engaging in informed discussions, reporting misinformation, and seeking guidance

from trusted sources, students can play a significant role in promoting accurate

information, responsible digital citizenship, and contribute to the efforts of the

Facebook page we have created.