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JavaScript Notes

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5K views

JavaScript Notes

Uploaded by

HTS L
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JavaScript

Has 8 different data types

Undef, null, string, bigint, Boolean, number, object

Primitive types Reference Types


String Object
Num Array
Boolean Function
Undef
null

Primitives

Let name = ‘Helen’; //String literal

Let age = 30; //Number literal

Let isApproved = true; //Boolean literal

Let firstName = undefined; //uncommon to use undef. The type of this is also undef

Let lastName = null; // used to clear the value. The type of null is object

Let to declare keyword

let name = ‘Mosh’;

//Cannot be reserved keyword (let, if else var etc). You’re going to get an error if its reserved

//Meaningful var names plz

//Don’t start with a number

//No space or hyphen

Don’t use var! Use let

This is allowed but modern conventions like one name per var.

Let firstName = ‘Helen’, lastName= ‘Lin’;


Why don’t we use var anymore? Block vs function scope

Remember block is like a block of code, if you have a for loop like so, the i is only declared within that for loop, it doesn’t exist outside of it.

For Block scope, the Example class is the largest parent, and its children (processArray and for loop) can access its variables. Example class can’t access the children’s

variables

In ES5, scope is based on functions, so if you declare a variable inside a fxn, you can use it anywhere. So you could use that i outside too

You also have the global scope so each time you declare a var outside a fxn, belongs to the global scope

Why do we stop using the var keykword?

Scope reasons. Most programs have block scope. If you have function scope then two for loops end up using the same i and overwriting the first for loop. The function

doesn’t stop at the curly braces.

Unlike var, when you use let, a variable with the same name can only be declared once.

(Prevents you from making overwriting errors)


Const

Const is read only and won’t let you reassign it.

Ex. You want to keep GST 5% and don’t want people to accidentally change it.

Const GST = 5%

Const GST = 7% would result in error

However, const is still mutable

Const S = [5,6,7]

S = [1,2,3] error

But S[2] = 45;

Will result in S being [5,6,45];

How to ensure your data doesn’t change


JS provides a function called Object.freeze to prevent data mutation.

Obj.review and object.newProp will both result in errors

Dynamic Typing
JS is a dynamic language. What does that mean?

Static = once you declare a variable, the type of that variable never changes

Dynamic = type can change at runtime

Objects

Object oriented programming, an instance


Dot notation or bracket? Usually dot notation is cleaner, unless the variable is not determined until runtime (ex in a user selection)

//Bracket notation

Let selection = ‘name’;

Person[selection] = ‘Mary’;

Functions

A param is what we have at the time of declaration but the argument is the value that is actually supplied.

Uninitialized variables

They will be undefined. If you concat a string with an undefined, the whole thing will be undefined.

Immutable Strings

In JS, strings value are immutable; they can’t be altered once created.

You cannot do something like this

Let myStr = “Bob”;

myStr[0] = “J”;

Instead, you just assigned it with a whole new value, like this

myStr= “Job”;

Global Scope and functions

In JS, scope refers to visibility of variables.

Variables outside of a function block have Global scope. They can be seen everywhere in your JS code. Variables declared without const or let are automatically

created in the global scope which can be bad elsewhere. Always declare with let or const.
Variables declared within a function, as well as the function params, have local scope. That means they are only visible within that function.

If you have global and local variables with the same name, the local takes precedence over the global one (not advised to have same name variables however)

Understanding Undefined value returned from a function.

Ex. This fxn addFive doesn’t return anything, its returned value is undefined.

addFive(){

Sum += 5;

Strict Equality
Unlike the equality operator, which attempts to convert both values being compared to a common type, strict equality just compares it as it is. If they have different

types, they are unequal and === will return false.

Greater than and less than operator


These operators will also convert data types while comparing

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