I. Cations with fixed 1+ charge (Grp. IA elements of the periodic table, ammonium ion, and silver ion) Name Symbol Hydrogen ion H+ Lithium ion Li+ Sodium ion Na+ Potassium ion K+ Rubidium ion Rb+ Cesium ion Cs+ Ammonium ion NH4+ Silver ion* Ag+ *Has other charges but for nomenclature purposes it is considered to have fixed 1+ charge because it is the common or the stable oxidation state.
II. Cations with fixed 2+ charge (Grp. IIA elements of the periodic table, zinc ion and cadmium ion) Name Symbol Beryllium ion Be2+ Magnesium ion Mg2+ Calcium ion Ca2+ Strontium ion Sr2+ Barium ion Ba2+ Radium ion Ra2+ Zinc ion Zn2+ Cadmium ion* Cd2+ *Has other charges but for nomenclature purposes it is considered to have fixed 1+ charge because it is the common or the stable oxidation state.
III. Cations with fixed 3+ charge
Name Symbol Aluminum ion Al3+
IV. Cations with variable charge
A. Cations with 2+ and 3+ charge Name Symbol Name Symbol Manganese(II) Mn2+ Manganese(III) Mn3+ Chromium(II) Cr2+ Chromium(III) Cr3+ Iron(II) Fe2+ Iron(III) Fe3+ Cobalt(II) Co2+ Cobalt(III) Co3+ Nickel(II)* Ni2+ Nickel(III)* Ni3+ *Have other charges but for nomenclature purposes they are considered to have fixed 2 + charge because it is the common or stable oxidation state. For this reason, older books consider Nickel ion with fixed charge, 2 +.
B. Cations with 2+ and 4+ charge
Name Symbol Name Symbol Lead(II) Pb2+ Lead(IV) Pb4+ Tin(II) Sn2+ Tin(IV) Sn4+
C. Cations with 1+ and 2+ charge
Name Symbol Name Symbol Mercury(I)* Hg22+ or Hg+ Mercury(II) Hg2+ Copper(I) Cu+ Copper(II) Cu2+ *Mercury(I) ions are always bonded in pairs so it is more appropriate to use Hg22+ than Hg+. D. Other cations Name Symbol Name Symbol Gold(I) Au+ Gold(III) Au3+ Arsenic(III) As3+ Arsenic(V) As5+ Antimony(III) Sb3+ Antimony(V) Sb5+ Bismuth(III) Bi3+ Bismuth(V) Bi5+
LIST OF CATIONS IN TRADITIONAL SYSTEM
Note: Cations with fixed charge are named the same as in the Roman Numeral or Stock system and the Traditional system
Cations with variable charge
A. Cations with 2+ (-ous) and 3+ (-ic) charge Name Symbol Name Symbol Manganous Mn2+ Manganic Mn3+ Chromous Cr2+ Chromic Cr3+ Ferrous Fe2+ Ferric Fe3+ Cobaltous Co2+ Cobaltic Co3+
B. Cations with 2+ (-ous) and 4+ (-ic) charge
Name Symbol Name Symbol Plumbous Pb2+ Plumbic Pb4+ Stannous Sn2+ Stannic Sn4+
C. Cations with 1+ (-ous) and 2+ (-ic) charge
Name Symbol Name Symbol Mercurous Hg22+ or Hg+ Mercuric Hg2+ Cuprous Cu+ Cupric Cu2+
D. Others Name Symbol Name Symbol Aurous Au+ Auric Au3+ Arsenous As3+ Arsenic ion As5+ LIST OF COMMON ANIONS (Classified according to suffixes –ide, -ite, and -ate)
I. Anions with the suffix -ide
Name Symbol Name Symbol Hydride H- Cyanide CN- Fluoride F- Hydroxide OH- Chloride Cl- Iodide I- Bromide Br- Oxide O2- Telluride Te2- Peroxide O22- Selenide Se2- Sulfide S2- Phosphide P3- Arsenide As3- Nitride N3-
II. Anions with the suffix -ite
Name Symbol Name Symbol Chlorite ClO2- Nitrite NO2- Hypochlorite ClO- Sulfite SO32- Phosphite PO33- Hypobromite BrO- Bisulfite or Hydrogen Sulfite HSO3-
III. Anions with the suffix -ate
Name Symbol Name Symbol Acetate* CH3COO- or C2H3O2- Nitrate NO3- Chlorate ClO3- Permanganate MnO4- Perchlorate ClO4- Bromate BrO3- Bicarbonate or HCO3- Bisulfate or HSO4- Hydrogen Carbonate Hydrogen Sulfate Chromate CrO42- Oxalate C2O42- Dichromate Cr2O72- Carbonate CO32- Tetraborate B4O72- Sulfate SO42- Phosphate PO43- Borate BO33- *Older books use OAc- or Ac- as symbol for acetate ion.
