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    3.2 Heat and Temprature - ClassNotes

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    3.2 Heat and Temprature - ClassNotes

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    gavva.samanvitha
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    3.2 Heat and Temprature_ClassNotes

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    22 views4 pages

    3.2 Heat and Temprature - ClassNotes

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    gavva.samanvitha

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    3.

    2 Heat and Temprature

    3.2 Heat and Temprature

    What is Heat?
    Heat is the form of energy which is transferred between two substances at different temperatures.

    What is the concept behind heat transfer?


    Heat can transfers between different bodies or between different body parts. The study of methods and
    processes for transferring thermal energy is referred to as “heat transfer.”

    Processes of Heat Transfer are:


    Conduction
    Convection
    Radiation

    Do you get confused with Heat and Temprature?


    Heat and temperature are two different quantities.
    Heat is the form of energy that transfers from a hot state to a cold state. The unit of Heat is Joule.
    Temperature is the measure of the hotness and coldness of an object. The SI unit of Temperature is
    Kelvin.

    In the above picture, water is boiling on a gas burner in a utensil. It can be observed that heat energy is
    transferred from the gas burner to the water when boiled. The water gets boiled at 100 °C, which is its
    temperature, and is measured with the help of a thermometer.

    Let's talk about heat ....

    Heat is the term used to describe the thermal energy

    An object cannot have heat; it can only gain or lose heat.

    Example:
    When we fill a container with water and place it on the stove, the container heats up. The reason for this
    is that water molecules flow in all directions equally and clash with one another, causing the water’s
    temperature to rise and grow hotter.

    SI unit of Heat is Joule (J) and can also be measured in Calories (Cal). Both units are related as,
    1 cal = 4.186 J

    Difference between Heat and Temperature:-

    How temprature effects the process of movement of any particle or object:


    As the temperature rises, the higher the movement of the particles and the greater the space occupied
    by the particles. As a result, substances generally expand as the temperature rises. The resulting
    increase in volume is connected with an decrease in density.
    Conversely, this means that a substance generally contracts when cooled. The resulting decrease in
    volume is connected with an increase in density.

    Experiment 1:

    Both the cups the amount of water is the same, which indicates that the mass an volume will be the
    same for both the cups. One of the cup is exposed to Heat and hence the temprature of the liquid in that
    cup alone increases.
    If we have a closer look at the particles of matter in both the cups, the movement of particles of matter
    will be more in the second cup as the temprature is increased which increases the thermal energy of the
    liquid.
    In this case, where the particles of matter move radiply the spacing between the paricles increases
    hence the volume increases.
    Increase in volume will eventually decrease the density.

    Experiment 2:

    The water in both the glasses is at the same temperature. There is a larger
    volume of water in one glass, so it has more particles of matter in it. As there are more particles, the
    total thermal energy (heat) of all these particles is greater than in the water with fewer particles. That
    means the larger volume of water has greater total thermal energy (heat) than the smaller volume, even
    when their temperatures are the same.

    As the temperature rises, the volume of substances usually increases due to the increased
    space occupied by the particles!

    What is absolute zero :


    Absolute zero is the lowest temperature possible in the universe, at which a thermodynamic system has
    the lowest energy and there is no motion or heat.
    As the temperature of an object decreases, the particles move more
    slowly.
    A scientist called Kelvin in the 1800s predicted that particles
    would eventually stop moving . but still there is will mild vibrations among the particles if the temperature
    is low enough, this would be the
    lowest possible temperature.

    Kelvin called this temperature absolute cold. We now call this


    temperature absolute zero. Absolute zero is −273 °C.

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