Indian Council of Medical Research: Background
Indian Council of Medical Research: Background
Indian Council of Medical Research: Background
Background
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is one of the oldest medical research
councils in the world. Administering and monitoring of ICMR is one of the ten business
allocated to new Department of Health Research (Ministry of Health & Family Welfare)
created in 2007.
In 1911, a handful of officers of the then Indian Medical Services (IMS), with vision and
foresight, successfully created the Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA). In 1950,
the IRFA was renamed as the Indian Council of Medical Research in pursuance of the
recommendations of the Health Survey and Development Committee, headed by Sir Joseph
Bhore. What started in a 3-room office with a skeletal staff of 5 people at the Headquarters
has today blossomed into a vibrant network of 32 Institutes including 6 regional centres and
over 70 field stations in various parts of the country, employing over 5000 personnel. Its
annual budget has grown over the years from Rs.0.05 crores in the year 1911 to the current
level of Rs. 803 crores (Rs.531crores plan budget and Rs.272 crores non-plan budget).
ICMR promotes biomedical research in the country through intramural research (by its own
Institutes/Centres) and extramural research (through grants-in-aid given to projects through
a transparent rigorous review process to non-ICMR Institutes). The extramural research is
supported through (i) setting up Centres for Advanced Research in different research areas
around existing expertise and infrastructure in selected departments of Medical Colleges,
Universities and other non-ICMR Research Institutes; (ii) Task force studies which emphasise
a time-bound, goal-oriented approach with clearly defined targets, specific time frames,
standardized and uniform methodologies, and often a multicentric structure; (iii)long term
projects targeting issues like vector control, nutrition, reproductive health, etc;(iv) Open-
ended research on the basis of applications for grants-in-aid received from scientists for
medical research from medical colleges and research institutes located in different parts of
the country.
Human resource development for biomedical research is encouraged by ICMR through
various schemes such as (i) Research Fellowships i.e. Junior & Senior Fellowships and
Research Associateships; (ii) Short-term Visiting Fellowships (which allow scientists to learn
advanced research techniques from other well-established research Institutes in India); (iii)
Short-term Research Studentships (for undergraduate medical students) to encourage them
to familiarize themselves with research methodologies and techniques; (iv) various Training
Programmes and Workshops conducted by ICMR and its Institutes/centres; (v) travel grants
for participation in conferences abroad. ICMR also offers the position of Emeritus Scientist
to retired scientists/teachers to enable them to continue or take up research on specific
biomedical topics.
Review System of Icmr
GOVERNING BODY
PRESIDENT
UNION MINISTer of HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE
GOVT. OF INDIA
Multicentric
Projects
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The ICMR has evolved over the years in line with changing health research needs, effectively
addressing the new challenges that have emerged. The current strategy is to have close
interaction with national health systems, including disease control programmes, which
are supported by the continued exploitation of scientific and technological advances from
basic to applied research, from biomedical to health sciences, and from laboratory to field
research.
Strategy
Besides its traditional approach, in recent years ICMR has adopted two new strategies to
strengthen its activities:
• Application of available knowledge, under the prevailing socioeconomic and cultural
environment, through Health Systems Research involving interdisciplinary efforts
between biomedical, social and behavioural sciences with epidemiology acting as a
bridge;
• Application of the powerful tools of modern biology to identify causal factors, basic
mechanisms of disease, risk factors, and development of affordable diagnostics and
methods/tools of intervention such as new therapeutic agents as well as vaccines.
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Nutrition
• Methods of control and prevention of various nutritional diseases/disorders.
• Development of technology for double fortification of cooking salt with iron and
iodine.
• Vitamin A prophylaxis for children to prevent nutritional blindness; iron and folic acid
supplementation for pregnant women to improve birth weight of infants.
• Technical support on food testing and safety issues to regulatory authorities in India.
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Vector Control
• Cell culture from mosquito (Aedes albopictus) tissues was established for the first time
at NIV, Pune.
• Bioenvironmental methods of malaria control as an alternative to insecticide based
approach were developed and applied in different eco-epidemiological zones of the
country which proved cost effective, sustainable and eco-friendly.
• Community based integrated vector management programme achieved significant
reduction in vector density for the control of filariasis in Cherthala, Kerala.
• Biological control of mosquitoes through biocides using Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus
thuringiensis and larvivorous fish such as Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and Gambusia (G.
affinis) was demonstrated.
• Use of Remote sensing and Geographical Information System was established for
assessing the density of malaria vectors.
• A kit for Japanese Encephalitis (JE) developed and supplied for national programme.
• Sibling species in malaria vectors were identified which has helped in malariogenic
stratification of the country.
Fertility
• Clinical trials for introduction of contraceptives into the National Family Welfare
Programme.
• A low cost high sensitivity test for pregnancy was developed.
Biomedical Communication
• The Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR) is the one of the oldest (1913) monthly
journal of ICMR with Impact Factor of 2.061 which is the highest for biomedical journals
in India.
• Bio-informatics Centre at ICMR Headquarters provide information related to different
activities of the ICMR and provide open access to information and data-bases of the
ICMR.
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ICMR completed 100 years in the service of the Nation on 15th November 2011. Many
events were organized by the ICMR Hqrs and its Institutes/centres to mark the occasion.
• For Centenary celebration a special centenary logo of ICMR was designed.
• The ICMR conceived and developed a centenary calendar depicting electron micrographs
of important microorganism (viruses, bacteria, cells).
• The Department of Post and Telecommunication released Rs.5.00 commemorative
postal stamp on ICMR to commemorate its centenary.
• The Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India issued Commemorative Rs.5.00 and Rs.100.00
coins on ICMR.
• The ICMR also organized a day long medical symposium on the occasion of year
long closing ceremony of ICMR centenary celebrations. Many distinguished medical
professionals, academicians, scientists highlighted the contributions of ICMR in medical
research.
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