In CBSE, the note-making and summarising question consists of two

parts. First, students are asked to prepare notes from the given passage
which they are required to convert into a summary in the second part of
the question.

Importance of Note making and summarising

1. It transforms the entire set of information into a manageable size.

2. It includes the key points which make it more readable.
3. It helps in better understanding of the concept.
4. It aids quick revision during exam time.

Related – Learn English Grammar

Marking scheme for Note making and summarising

As prescribed by the CBSE, the word limit for note-making and

summarization for classes 11 and 12 should be 200-250 words.

The question is a total of 8 marks with the following bifurcation:

I. Note Making 5 Marks

1. Title 1 Mark
2. Numbering and indenting 1 Mark
3. Key/ Glossary 1 Mark
4. Notes 2 Marks
II. Summarizing (up to 50 words) 3 Marks

1. Content 2 Marks
2. Expression 1 Mark
TOTAL 8 Marks
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Note Making Format

Taking notes is a method of organising and summarising data from

multiple sources. The following components make up the standard
note-taking format:

TITLE: The title of your notes should reflect their main subject
matter.
SOURCE: Identify the notes’ source, such as the book, article, or
lecture, in the text.
CURRENT DATE: When taking notes, be sure to include the current
date.
TITLES & SUB TITLES: Take advantage of headings and subheadings
to structure your notes and facilitate later research.
USE BULLETS: Use bullet points to highlight key points and
specifics in a list. Use simple, direct language, and zero in on the
most important ideas rather than trying to include everything.
 USE ABBREVIATIONS: When taking notes, abbreviations can help
you save time and space. Use “w/” instead of “with” or “b/c”
instead of “because,” etc.
HIGHLIGHT IMPORTANT POINTS: Utilize highlighting to draw
attention to specific points or single out specific pieces of
information that are crucial to your understanding of the whole.
USE DIAGRAMS/VISUAL AIDS: Use visual aids, such as flowcharts
or graphs, to break down and internalise information that might
otherwise be difficult to grasp and retain.
SUMMARISE: Write a brief paragraph or two summarising the
main ideas and information from the notes. This is a great way to
quickly review and recall the most crucial points.
REVIEW: Regularly reviewing your notes is an excellent way to
ensure that you retain the most crucial information from the
course.

(Title)

Note Format example-

1.
1.1 (sub-points)
1.2
1.3
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.
3.1
3.2
3.2.1 (sub-sub points)
3.2.2
4.
4.1
4.2

Key to Abbreviations
1
2
3
4
5

Summary

Summary
(Heading)

–Body–

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Points to remember- Note making and summarising

Effective Note making Strategies

Select only the relevant data and include only the essential phrases
from the passage.
Try to use a minimum amount of words. Complete sentences would
not be accepted as notes. Thus, the usage of full sentences must be
avoided.
Only really important examples need to be included.
Eliminate the use of auxiliary verbs, prepositions etc.
It is necessary to give a suitable title to notes and maintain proper
indentation.
It is mandatory to make at least four headings and subheadings.
The summary should be brief and should be made using notes
prepared. It is important that one keeps in mind the word limit of
 the summary and strictly adheres to the notes.
It is mandatory to include at least four abbreviations in your notes.
Add a full stop after each abbreviation to make it clear for the
reader. They should be common and easily identifiable. For
example- “carbs.” for carbohydrates
It is necessary to prepare a key to abbreviations (minimum four)
and enclose it within a box.
The presentation of this writing skill is of utmost importance.

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Note Making Examples as per Previous Years Question

Papers| Note Making Sample

Here are a fe Note making Exercises based on previous year Question

papers. By Going through these examples, you will get a fairly good idea
on how to attemt note making questions

Note Making Example 1: Read the passage given below:(Sample

Question Paper CBSE, 2019-20)

BALANCING THE SCALES

Artificial intelligence (AI) is making a difference to how legal work is

done, but it isn’t the threat it is made out to be. AI is making impressive
progress and shaking up things all over the world today. The assumption
that advancements in technology and artificial intelligence will render
any profession defunct is just that, an assumption and a false one. The
only purpose this assumption serves is creating mass panic and hostility
towards embracing technology that is meant to make our lives easier.

Let us understand what this means explicitly for the legal world. The
ambit of AI includes recognizing human speech and objects, making
decisions based on data, and translating languages. Tasks that can be
defined as ‘search-and-find’ type can be performed by AI.

Introducing AI to this profession will primarily be for the purpose of

automating mundane, tedious tasks that require negligible human
intelligence. The kind of artificial intelligence that is employed by
industries in the current scene, when extended to the law will enable
quicker services at a lower price. AI is meant to automate a number of
tasks that take up precious working hours lawyers could be devoted to
tasks that require discerning, empathy, and trust- qualities that cannot
be replicated by even the most sophisticated form of AI. The legal
profession is one of the oldest professions in the world. Thriving over
1000 years; trust, judgement, and diligence are the pillars of this
profession. The most important pillar is the relationship of trust
between a lawyer and clients, which can only be achieved through
human connection and interaction.

While artificial intelligence can be useful in scanning and organizing

documents pertaining to a case, it cannot perform higher-level tasks
such as sharp decisionmaking, relationship-building with valuable
clients and writing legal briefs, advising clients, and appearing in court.
These are over and above the realm of computerization.

The smooth proceeding of a case is not possible without sound legal

research. While presenting cases lawyers need to assimilate information
in the form of legal research by referring to a number of relevant cases
to find those that will favour their client’s motion. Lawyers are even
required to thoroughly know the opposing stand and supporting legal
arguments they can expect to prepare a watertight defence strategy. AI,
software that operates on natural language enables electronic discovery
of information relevant to a case, contract reviews, and automation
generation of legal documents.

AI utilizes big-data analytics which enables visualization of case data. It

also allows for creation of a map of the cases which were cited in
previous cases and their resulting verdicts, as per the website Towards
Data Science. The probability of a positive outcome of a case can be
predicted by leveraging predictive analytics with machine learning. This
is advantageous to firms as they can determine the return on
investment in litigation and whether an agreement or arbitration should
be considered.

(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make

notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable
abbreviations (wherever necessary- minimum four) and a format
you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5)

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3)

SAMPLE NOTE MAKING FORMAT FOR ABOVE QUESTION

Solution 1:
Suggested Notes by CBSE
Artificial Intelligence: Not a threat
1. Not a threat
1.1 is of help
1.2 makes life easier
1.3 no profession defunct
2. AI.will help legal field
2.1 recog.human speech and object
2.2 making decisions based on data
2.3 translates langs.
2.4 do search and find tasks
3. AI. cannot perform high level tasks like
3.1 writing legal briefs
3.2 advising clients
3.3 apprng in courts
3.4 sharp decision making
4. Function of AI.
4.1 collates data
4.2 predicts probable outcomes
4.3 tells return on invest.
4.4 considering agreement or arbitration

Key to Abbreviations

Abbreviations Words
AI Artificial Intelligence
recog. recognises
langs. languages
apprng. appearing
invt. investment

Suggested Summary as per CBSE

Summary

Artificial Intelligence: Not a threat

Artificial Intelligence is not a threat but makes life easier especially in

the legal field. It cannot perform certain high-level tasks like writing
legal briefs, advising clients, making sharp decisions and appearing in
courts but it can collate data, aid research and decisions based on data.
It can recognize human speech and translate languages. It can also
predict probable outcomes, tell return on investment, consider
agreement or arbitration and is thus advantageous to legal firms.

Note Making Example 2: Read the passage given below: (Sample

Question Paper CBSE, 2017-18)

1. Colour Therapy is a complementary therapy for which there is

evidence dating back thousands of years to the ancient cultures of
Egypt, China and India. If we define it in simple terms, Colour is a light of
varying wavelengths, thus each colour has its own particular wavelength
and energy.

2. Colours contribute to energy. This energy may be motivational and

encouraging. Each of the seven colours of the spectrum are associated
with energy. The energy relating to each of the seven spectrum colours
of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet, resonates with the
energy of each of the seven main chakras/energy centres of the body.
Colour therapy can help to re-balance and/or stimulate these energies
by applying the appropriate colour to the body.

3. Red relates to the base chakra, orange the sacral chakra, yellow the
solar plexus chakra, green the heart chakra, blue the throat chakra,
indigo the brow chakra (sometimes referred to as the third eye) and
violet relates to the crown chakra.

4. Colour is absorbed by the eyes, skin, skull, our ‘magnetic energy field’
or aura and the energy of colour affects us on all levels, that is to say,
physical, spiritual and emotional. Every cell in the body needs light
energy – thus colour energy has widespread effects on the whole body.
There are many different ways of giving colour, including; Solarised
Water, Light boxes/lamps with colour filters, colour silks and hands on
healing using colour.

5. Colour therapy can be shown to help on a physical level, which is

perhaps easier to quantify, however there are deeper issues around the
colours on the psychological and spiritual levels. Our wellbeing is not, of
course, purely a physical issue. Fortunately, many more practitioners,
both orthodox and complementary, are now treating patients in a
holistic manner.

6. Colour Therapy is a totally holistic and non-invasive therapy and,

really, colour should be a part of our everyday life, not just something we
experience for an hour or two with a therapist. Colour is all around us
everywhere. This wonderful planet does not contain all the beautiful
colours of the rainbow for no reason. Nothing on this earth is here just
by chance; everything in nature is here for a purpose. Colour is no
exception. All we need to do is to heighten our awareness of the energy
of colour, absorb it and see how it can transform our lives.

(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make

notes on it using headings and sub- headings. Use recognizable
abbreviations (wherever necessary-minimum four) and a format you
consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5)
(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3)

Solution 2:
Suggested Notes as per CBSE

NOTE MAKING FORMAT FOR ABOVE QUESTION

Colour Therapy
1. Age old therapy
1.1 Found in
1.1.1 Egypt
1.1.2 China
1.1.3 India
1.2 light of vryng wvlngth & energy
2. Colour relate to energy of chakras
2.1 red –base
2.2 orange – sacral
2.3 yellow – solar plexus
2.4 green – heart
2.5 blue – throat
2.6 indigo – brow
2.7 violet – crown
3. Holistic benefits
3.1 phy’l
3.2 spirit’l
3.3 emtn’l

Key to Abbreviations

Abbreviations Words
vryng varying
wvlngth wavelength
& and
phy’l physical
spirit’l spiritual
emtin’l emotional

Summary

Colour Therapy

Colour therapy is an age-old therapy found in the cultures of Egypt,

China and India. Each colour has light of varying wavelength and energy.
Colours relate to the energy of chakras. Red is for base chakra, orange to
sacral, yellow to solar plexus, green to heart, blue to throat, indigo to
brow and violet to crown. Colour impacts us on all levels, including the
physical, spiritual and emotional well being. Colour therapy has holistic
benefits.

Note Making Example 3: . Read the passage and answer the questions
given below: (Sample Question Paper CBSE, 2018-19)

1. There is a clear dichotomy between Jayashankar Prasad’s daily life and

the one that found expression in his literature. In his literary
formulations, Prasad advocated an escape- from personality ideals and
categorically stated: “An artist‟s art, and not his person, is the
touchstone to assess his work . . . it is only after losing his personality
that he emerges in his art as an artist”.

2. In Prasad‟s works – his poems, short stories, novels, dramas etc. –

what emerges is life as shaped in the writer’s inner self by his emotions,
fancies, dreams, reveries . . . His writings are a record not of outer reality,
but of the artist’s inner world. As such, of a proper appreciation and
understanding of his works more emphasis needs to be placed on the
working of his mind, than the events of his dayto-day life.

3. Prasad was born in a renowned family of Varanasi. His grand-father

Shiv RatanSahu, a dealer in high quality perfumed tobacco (snuff).
Besides being an astute businessman, he was endowed with a marked
cultural taste. His home was the meeting place of the local poets,
singers, artists, scholars and men of religion. Prasad‟s father Devi Prasad
Sahu carried forward this high tradition of family. Prasad, therefore, had
a chance to study the various phases of human nature in the light of the
business traditions, artistic taste and religious background of his family.

4. When the business had somewhat recovered, Prasad planned the

publication of a literary journal. Prasad started the “Indu”. The inaugural
number appeared in July 1909. By this time Prasad’s notions of literature
had crystallized into a credo. In the first issue of Indu, he proclaimed,
“Literature has no fixed aim; it is not a slave to rules; it is a free and all-
embracing genius, gives birth to genuine literature which is subservient
to none. Whatever in the world is true and beautiful is its subject matter.
By dealing with the True and Beautiful it establishes the one and affects
the full flowering of the others. Its force can be measured by the degree
of pleasure it gives to the reader‟s mind as also by the criticism which is
free of all prejudice”. The words sound like the manifesto of romanticism
in literature.
5. Even while recognizing the social relevance of literature, Prasad
insisted, “The poet is a creator . . . he is not conditioned by his milieu;
rather it is he who moulds it and gives it a new shape; he conjures up a
new world of beauty where the reader for the time being, becomes
oblivious of the outer world and passes his time in an eternal spring
garden where golden lotuses blossom and the air is thick and pollen”.
Thus, the chief aim of literature according to Prasad is to give joy to the
reader and to create a state of bliss in him. Later under the impact of
Shiv Advaitism, this faith of Prasad got further strengthened.

(Extract from ‘Jayashankar Prasad- His mind and Art’ by Dr. Nagendra)

(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make

notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable
abbreviations (wherever necessary-minimum four) and a format you
consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5)

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3)

Solution 3:
Suggested Notes as per CBSE
Jayashankar Prasad- His life
1. His exprsn. in lit.
1.1 an escape
1.2 lose your personality
1.3 record of writer’s inner world
1.4 more emphsz. on mind than body
2. Personal life
2.1 renowned fam. of Varanasi
2.2 home- meeting place of the local poets, singers
2.3 grand-father- an astute businessman
2.4 had a chance to study phases of human nature
3. Started the “Indu”
3.1 in July 1909
3.2 proclaimed
a) lit. has no fixed aim
b) is free and all embracing genius
c) gives birth to genuine lit.
4. Social relevance of lit.
4.1 poet is a creator
4.2 moulds it
4.3 conjures up a new world of beauty
4.4 becomes oblivious of the outer world
5. Chief aim of lit.
5.1 give joy to the reader
5.2 create a state of bliss

Key to Abbreviations

Abbreviations Words
lit. literature
emphsz. emphasize
exprsn. expression
fam. family

Summary

Jayashankar Prasad- His life

Jayshankar Prasad found expression in literature and created an escape

only after losing his personality. His writings are a record of the writer’s
inner world with more emphasis on mind than body. He was from a
renowned family of Varanasi where home-meetings of poets and singers
would take place. His grandfather was an astute businessman and
therefore Prasad had a chance to study phases of human nature. In July
1909, he started ‘Indu’, in which he proclaimed that literature has no
fixed aim, is free and all embracing genius and gives birth to genuine
literature. He recognised the social relevance of literature as the poet is
the creator who mould it, conjures up a new world and becomes
oblivious to the outer world. The chief aim of literature is to give joy to
the reader and create a state of bliss.

Note Making Example 4: Read the following passage: (Question Paper

CBSE, 2020)

1. How does television affect our lives? It can be very helpful to people
who carefully choose the shows that they watch. Television can increase
our knowledge of the outside world; there are high quality programmes
that help us understand many fields of study, science, medicine, the
different arts and so on. Moreover, television benefits very old people,
who can’t leave the house, as well as patients in hospitals. It also offers
non-native speakers the advantage of daily informal language practice.
They can increase their vocabulary and practise listening.

2. On the other hand, there are several serious disadvantages of

television. Of course, it provides us with a pleasant way to relax and
spend our free time, but in some countries people watch television for
an average of six hours or more a day. Many children stare at the TV
screen for more hours a day than they spend on anything else, including
studying and sleeping. It’s clear that TV has a powerful influence on their
lives and that its influence is often negative.

3. Recent studies show that after only thirty seconds of television

viewing, a person’s brain ‘relaxes’ the same way that it does just before
the person falls asleep. Another effect of television on the human brain
is that it seems to cause poor concentration. Children who view a lot of
television can often concentrate on a subject for only fifteen to twenty
minutes. They can pay attention only for the amount of time between
commercials.

4. Another disadvantage is that television often causes people to

become dissatisfied with their own lives. Real life does not seem so
exciting to these people. To many people, television becomes more real
than reality and their own lives seem boring. Also many people get upset
or depressed when they can’t solve problems in real life as quickly as
television actors seem to.

5. Before a child is fourteen years old, he or she views eleven thousand

murders on the TV. He or she begins to believe that there is nothing
strange about fights, killings and other kinds of violence. Many studies
show that people become more violent after viewing certain
programmes. They may even do the things that they see in a violent
show.

(a) One the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes
on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable
abbreviations (minimum four) and a format you consider suitable.
Supply a suitable title to it. (5)

(b) Make a summary of the above passage in about 80 words. (3)

Solution 4:

Suggested Notes as per CBSE

Advantages and Disadvantages of Watching Television

1. Benefits
1.1 increases know.
1.1.1 of outside world
1.1.2 science
1.1.3 medicine
1.1.4 diff. Arts
1.2 recreation for old ppl. & patients
1.3 informal lang. practice
1.4 increases vocab. & helps practise listening
2. Disadvantages
2.1 ppl. watch for 6 hrs. or more
2.2 students stare at screen for hrs.
2.3 negative influence
2.4 effect on human brain
2.4.1 poor conc.
3. Impact
3.1 feels life not very exciting
3.2 TV more real, life seems boring
3.3 depression when can’t solve problems
4. Violence shown on TV
4.1 children become violent
4.2 killings seem normal

Key to Abbreviations

Abbreviations Words
ppl. people
know. knowledge
& and
diff. different
vocab. vocabulary
lang. language
hrs. hours
conc. concentration
TV television

Summary
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Watching Television

Watching television increases knowledge of the outside world, science,

medicine and different arts. It helps old people and patients to recreate.
It assists in informal language practice, improving vocabulary and
practise listening. However, watching television for more than six hours
and staring on screens has a negative influence on students. It affects
the human brain and leads to poor concentration. Television makes life
boring and nothing feels exciting. People can feel depressed when they
are unable to solve problems as quickly as actors do. Television
normalises violence which can make children violent.

Note Making Example 5: Read the passage given below: (Question

Paper, CBSE 2019)

1. Well-being is not just the absence of disease or illness. It is a complex

combination of a person’s physical, mental, emotional and social health
factors. Well-being is strongly linked to happiness and life satisfaction.
In short, it could be described as how one feels about oneself and one’s
life. Every aspect of one’s life influences the state of one’s well-being.
Researchers investigating happiness have found the following factors
which enhance a person’s well-being : network of close friends,
enjoyable and fulfilling career, enough money, regular exercise,
nutritious diet, sufficient sleep, fun hobbies and leisure pursuits, healthy
self-esteem, optimistic outlook and so on.

2. The factors that influence one’s well-being are interrelated. For

example, a job provides not just money but purpose, goals, friendships
and a sense of belonging. Some factors also make up for the lack of
others; for example, a good marriage can compensate for a lack of
friendship, while religious beliefs may help a person to accept physical
illness. Money is linked to well-being, because having enough money
improves living conditions and increases social status. But various
international studies have shown that it is the quality of our personal
relationships, not the size of our bank balance, which has the greatest
effect on our state of well-being. Believing that money is the key to
happiness can also harm a person’s well-being.

3. Understanding the well-being of the population is very important.

Measuring well-being, however, in a population is difficult because the
interpretation of well-being is so subjective — how one feels about
peoples’ lives largely depends on the way one sees it. Like the saying
goes: ‘one person’s problem is another person’s challenge.’

4. Keeping track of a population’s well-being helps governments to

decide on particular policies. It also acts as an indicator for various
population trends. For example, knowing the average weekly income of
a population helps to set the ‘poverty line’, which may then influence
decisions on social welfare reforms. Well-being can be achieved through
a variety of means. Some are as follows : developing and maintaining
strong relationships with family and friends, making regular time
available for social contact, trying to find work that is enjoyable and
rewarding, rather than just working for the best pay, eating healthy,
nutritious foods, doing regular physical activity, involving oneself in
activities that interest the people, joining in local organisations or clubs
that appeal, setting achievable goals and working towards them and
trying to be optimistic and enjoying each day.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on
it using recognizable abbreviations (minimum four), wherever
necessary. Use a format you consider suitable. Give it a suitable title
also. (5)

(b) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words. (3)

Solution 5:
Suggested Notes by CBSE

Well Being

1. Definition of WB
1.1 absence of disease & illness
1.2 combination of physical, emotional & health factors
1.3 strongly linked to happiness & satisfaction
2. factors which improve WB
2.1 network of close friends
2.2 enjoyable, fulfilling career
2.3 enough money, good health
2.4 religious beliefs
3. Imp. of understanding people’s WB
3.1 helps govt. frame good policies
3.2 helps determine poverty line
3.3 helps take appropriate action
4. How best achieved
4.1 having strong relationship with family & friends.
4.2 enjoyable, rewarding work
4.3 involvement in interesting activities
4.4 nutritious food & good health

Key to Abbreviations

Abbreviations Words
WB Well being
Imp. Importance
govt. government
& and

Summary
 Well Being

Well- being not just refers to absence of disease and illness, rather it is a
combination of physical, emotional and health factors. Well being is
strongly linked to happiness and satisfaction. The factors that improve
well being include a network of close friends, enjoyable and fulfilling
career, money, good health and religious beliefs. It is important to
understand people’s well being to frame government policies which
would further help to determine the poverty line and take appropriate
action. Well-being is best achieved by having strong relationships with
family and friends, doing enjoyable and rewarding work, involvement in
interesting activities and eating nutritious food for good health.

Note making Example 6: Read the passage given below: (Question

Paper CBSE, 2018)

Keeping cities clean is essential for keeping their residents healthy. Our
health depends not just on personal hygiene and nutrition, but critically
also on how clean we keep our cities and their surroundings. The spread
of dengue and chikungunya are intimately linked to the deteriorating
state of public health conditions in our cities.

The good news is that waste management to keep cities clean is now
getting attention through the Swachh Bharat Mission. However, much
of the attention begins and stops with the brooms and the dustbins,
extending at most to the collection and transportation of the mixed
waste to some distant or not so distant place, preferably out of sight.

The challenge of processing and treating the different streams of solid

waste, and safe disposal of the residuals in scientific landfills, has
received much less attention in municipal solid waste management than
is expected from a health point of view.

One of the problems is that instead of focusing on waste management

for health, we have got sidetracked into ‘‘waste for energy’’. If only we
were to begin by not mixing the biodegradable component of solid
waste (close to 60 percent of the total) in our cities with the dry waste,
and instead use this stream of waste for composting and producing a
gas called methane.

City compost from biodegradable waste provides an alternative to

farmyard manure (like cow-dung). It provides an opportunity to
simultaneously clean up our cities and help improve agricultural
productivity and quality of the soil. Organic manure or compost plays a
very important role as a supplement to chemical fertilisers in enriching
the nutrient-deficient soils. City compost can be the new player in the
field.

Benefits of compost on the farm are well-known. The water holding

capacity of the soil which uses compost helps with drought-proofing,
and the requirement of less water per crop is a welcome feature for a
water-stressed future. By making the soil porous, use of compost also
makes roots stronger and resistant to pests and decay. Farmers using
compost, therefore, need less quantity of pesticides. There is also
evidence to suggest that horticulture crops grown with compost have
better flavour, size, colour and shelf-life.

City compost has the additional advantage of being weed-free unlike

farmyard manure which brings with it the seeds of undigested grasses
and requires a substantial additional labour cost for weeding as the
crops grow. City compost is also rich in organic carbon, and our soils are
short in this.

Farmers clearly recognize the value of city compost. If city waste was
composted before making it available to the farmers for applying to the
soil, cities would be cleaned up and the fields around them would be
much more productive.
Quite apart from cleaning up the cities of biodegradable waste, this
would be a major and sustainable contribution to improving the health
of our soil without further damage by excessive chemical inputs. What a
marvellous change from waste to health!

The good news is that some states are regularly laying plastic roads.
Plastic roads will not only withstand future monsoon damage but will
also solve a city’s problem of disposing of non-recyclable plastic. It is
clear that if the mountains of waste from our cities were to be recycled
into road construction material, it would tackle the problem of
managing waste while freeing up scarce land.

(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make

notes on it using headings and sub- headings. Use recognisable
abbreviations wherever necessary (minimum four) and a format you
consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5)

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3)

Solution 6:

Suggested Notes as per CBSE

Waste Management: Some Facts

1. Reasons for keeping cities clean

1.1 to keep the residents healthy
1.2 health depends on
1.2.1 personal cleanliness
1.2.2 cleanliness of city
2. Reasons for waste management
2.1 being promoted through SBM
2.2 to sensitize imp. of waste separation
3. Challenges of waste management
3.1 has received less attn.
3.2 no focus on WM for health
3.3 biodegradable being mixed with solid waste
4. Benefits of organic manure
4.1 supplement of chem. fertilisers.
4.2 drought-proofing
4.3 makes roots stronger
5. Benefits of city compost
5.1 weed-free
5.2 more productive fields
5.3 chemical inputs avoided
6. Benefits of plastic roads
6.1 withstand monsoon damage
6.2 free lands from dumping waste

Key to Abbreviations

Abbreviations Words
SBM Swachh Bharat Mission
imp. importance
attn. attention
WM waste management
chem. chemicals

Summary

Waste Management: Some Facts

It is important to keep the cities clean to keep the residents healthy.

Their health depends on personal cleanliness and the cleanliness of the
city. It is crucial to sensitise the importance of waste separation. Waste
management is promoted through Swachh Bharat Mission. Waste
management is given less attention and biodegradable waste is mixed
with solid waste. There is no focus on waste management for health.
Organic manure acts as a supplement to chemical fertilisers, makes
roots stronger and leads to drought-proofing. City compost is weed-
free, avoids chemicals and leads to productive fields. Plastic rods are
able to withstand monsoon and dumping is avoided.

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NOTE MAKING AND SUMMARIZING EXTRA QUESTIONS

Check out Important Questions (extra) for Note Making Class 11 which
will be helpful for your final exams

Q1. List down the steps involved in note making.

A. Here are the steps to write a note in a question on note-making-

(i) Read through the given passage slowly and carefully to understand
the main idea of the passage. It will help you understand what the
passage deals with.

(ii) Read again slowly to understand different associated ideas. Try to

understand how the writer develops the theme.

(iii) If the passage is divided into paragraphs, then try to find out the
main idea of each paragraph. Give a separate heading to each of them.

(iv) If the passage is one continuous paragraph, then put a mark

wherever a new idea begins. Then look for the main idea.

(v) All unessential facts, illustrations, details, repetitions, quotations

and questions should be deleted.

(vi) The important facts should be given in proper order. Pay attention to
the way you would like to organise and present your notes, that is, the