PULMONOLOGY

Principles of treatment of typical and atypical pneumonia.

Principles of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. List the main groups of antibiotics.
Write out the recipes.
Complications of pneumonia. Clinical criteria for recovery.
The clinical picture of acute bronchiolitis. Differential diagnosis with pneumococcal
pneumonia.
Emphysema of the lungs. Etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations.

CARDIOLOGY
Differential diagnosis of angina pectoris and cardialgia.
Angina pectoris is stable. Classification. Modern methods of diagnosis
of angina pectoris. Functional stress tests.
The pathogenesis of angina pectoris is stable. Morphological and functional substrate
of angina pectoris.
Myocardial infarction of type 3. Clinical and diagnostic criteria.
Differential diagnosis of stable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
Write out prescriptions for the treatment of a patient with stable
functional grade 2 angina pectoris.
Differential diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and acute heart attack
myocardium. Clinical picture, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics.
Angina pectoris of tension for the first time. The main groups of antianginal drugs.
Write out the recipes.
The patient has Prinzmetal angina pectoris. Prescribe treatment. Write out the recipes.
Dressler syndrome. Clinical criteria, drug treatment.
X-syndrome. The role of coronary angiography in diagnosis.
Atrial fibrillation, clinical and electrocardiographic diagnostic criteria.
The role of modern oral anticoagulant medications in the prevention
of thromboembolic complications. Write out the recipes.
Treatment of hypertension is very high risk. Write out the recipes.
Acute coronary syndrome. Clinical characteristics. First aid.
Laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of acute myocardial infarction. Criteria
of WHO experts.
Differential diagnosis of chronic pulmonary heart disease and chronic heart
failure.
Clinic of infectious endocarditis. Diagnosis, treatment.
Selective beta-blockers. Classification. Mechanism of action. Write out the recipes.
Clinical variants of atypical onset of myocardial infarction.
Myocardial infarction of the fourth type. Diagnostic criteria.
Hemodynamic arterial hypertension. Clinical signs, instrumental
diagnosis.
Clinical criteria for type 5 myocardial infarction.
Relief of a painful attack in myocardial infarction. Make a list of appointments.
Principles of treatment of acute infectious endocarditis.
List the early complications of myocardial infarction.
The clinical picture of the typical form of the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
Late complications of myocardial infarction.
Criteria for a heart attack (WHO). Laboratory signs of myocardial infarction (biomarkers of
necrosis
myocardium).
Classification of secondary arterial hypertension.
Chronic pulmonary heart disease. Decompensation criteria.
Acute coronary syndrome. Classification. Medical tactics.
Indications and contraindications for thrombolytic therapy in acute coronary syndrome.
Relief of pulmonary edema depending on the blood pressure level. Write
out the recipes.
The possibilities and tasks of X-ray research methods in cardiology,
cardiac surgery and vascular surgery. Indications for surgical treatment of coronary heart disease.
Methods
of treatment.
Drug tests in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
NYHA classification of chronic heart failure.
Conduction disorder. Etiology. Atrioventricular block 3 art.
List the main groups of diuretics. Write out the recipes.
Morphofunctional variants of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The main syndromes and
clinical manifestations.
Risk stratification of hypertension.
Exudative pericarditis: clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria.Principles of treatment of
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The concept and types of hypertensive crises. Clinic, diagnosis, treatment.
Myocarditis. Classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment of acute
viral myocarditis. Write out the recipes.
Hemodynamic changes and clinical criteria for aortic valve stenosis.
Variants of conduction disturbances. Classification of atrioventricular blockades of the II degree.
Classification of diuretics. Write out the recipes.
Pulmonary embolism. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis.
Chronic pulmonary heart disease. Definition, classification.
Principles of treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. Write out the recipes.
Etiology, pathogenesis and clinic of mitral valve insufficiency.
Differential diagnosis of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy.
Morgagni-Adams-Stokes Syndrome Clinic. The doctor's tactics when the patient's heart rate
is less than 35 per minute.
Principles of treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and flutter. Write out prescriptions for the treatment
of atrial fibrillation paroxysm.
Pericarditis: etiology, pathogenesis, cardiac tamponade clinic.
Chronic pulmonary heart disease: etiology, physical and instrumental diagnosis,
treatment and prevention.
The classification of angina pectoris is stable.
Dry fibrinous pericarditis: clinic, treatment. Differential diagnosis of noise
friction of the pericardium and pleural friction noise.
Cardiac asthma. Pathogenesis. The clinical picture.
Calcium antagonists. Mechanism of action, areas of application. Characteristics
of the group's representatives. Write out the recipes.
Pulmonary embolism. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis.
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic of Prinzmetal angina pectoris.
Define the concept of secondary arterial hypertension. Classification.
Clinical criteria for type 2 myocardial infarction.
Insufficiency of the aortic valve. Clinic, diagnosis.
Hemodynamic disorders and auscultative signs of valvular aortic stenosis.
Classification of cardiomyopathies. Current understanding of the etiology of dilated and
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Classification of renal and secondary arterial hypertension. Features of the clinic.
Acute diffuse viral myocarditis. Clinic. Diagnosis and treatment. Write out the recipes.
The clinical picture of mitral valve insufficiency.
List the signs that make it possible to suspect the secondary nature of arterial
hypertension.
Mitral valve insufficiency. Etiology. The pathogenesis of hemodynamic disorders.
Clinic, diagnosis, treatment of vasorenal arterial hypertension.
Principles of treatment of a permanent form of atrial fibrillation. What goal should a doctor set
for himself in the treatment of this form of atrial fibrillation? Write out the recipes.
Itsenko-Cushing syndrome. Pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis and treatment.
Pulmonary heart: etiology, pathogenesis, classification. Diagnosis of a compensated and
decompensated pulmonary heart. Prevention.
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis of paroxysmal tachycardia.
Etiology and clinical features of hemodynamic secondary arterial hypertension.
Extrasystole. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Classification of ventricular extrasystoles according
to B.Lahn.
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic of pulmonary edema.
Non-drug treatment of supraventricular form of paroxysmal tachycardia.
Complications of hypertension.
An algorithm for the treatment of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia. List
the medicines used for the treatment. Single and daily doses. Write out the recipes.
Classification of secondary endocrine arterial hypertension.
List the medications used to treat ventricular
paroxysmal tachycardia.
Risk factors, pathogenesis, clinic, treatment of hypertension. Single and daily doses
of the drug. Write out the recipes.
Pulmonary embolism, differential diagnosis with myocardial infarction.
Differential diagnosis of cardiac asthma and pulmonary edema.
Classification of arrhythmias. Modern methods of diagnosis of rhythm and conduction disorders.
The clinical picture of the acute form of myocardial infarction. Write out a list of appointments.
Etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinic of supraventricular form of paroxysmal
tachycardia.
Clinic, diagnosis of hypertension. Make up an appointment sheet.
Principles of treatment of infectious endocarditis. Write out the recipes.
Insufficiency of the aortic valve. Hemodynamic changes, clinic.

GASTROENTEROLOGY
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic of gastric ulcer. X-ray signs
of gastric ulcer.
Differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and irritable
bowel syndrome.
Clinical signs of portal hypertension in decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. What
is a jellyfish head?
Differential diagnosis of gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori and autoimmune.
Write out prescriptions for each of the diseases.
Chronic pancreatitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic.
Clinic of hypersplenism syndrome in cirrhosis of the liver.
Differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Clinic, diagnosis, treatment of liver cirrhosis decompensation stage. Write out the recipes.
Chronic non-calculous cholecystitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis,
treatment. Write out the recipes.
Differential diagnosis of gastric ulcer and chronic pancreatitis.
Irritable bowel syndrome. Pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment. Write
out the recipes.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, treatment. Write
out the recipes.
Classification of endocrine secondary arterial hypertension.
Irritable bowel syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and
treatment.
Penetration in gastric ulcer. Clinic, diagnosis.
Make a list of appointments for a patient with chronic pancreatitis with extracretory
insufficiency.
Prescribe treatment to a patient diagnosed with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis, exacerbation.
(There is an inflammatory and painful syndrome). Write out the recipes.
Dietary recommendations and medical treatment of exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis.
List the medications. Single and daily doses. Write out the recipes
Cholestasis syndrome in liver diseases. Clinic, diagnosis.
Criteria for hepatic cell insufficiency syndrome in liver diseases.
Prescribe treatment for a patient with peptic ulcer disease, taking into account the etiological role of
Helicobacter
pylori. Write out the recipes.
Define the concept of chronic autoimmune hepatitis. Make a list of appointments.
Complications of gastric ulcer.
Criteria for hypersplenism and portal hypertension in cirrhosis of the liver. Treatment. Write
out a list of appointments.
Differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and cholecystitis.
Signs of parenchymal and vascular decomensation of liver cirrhosis. Treatment. Write
out the recipes.
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Write out the recipes.
Pathogenesis, clinic and treatment of ascites in cirrhosis of the liver.
Chronic gastritis. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Clinic. Factors of "protection" and "aggression".
Classification of cirrhosis of the liver. Decompensation criteria.
Differential diagnosis of chronic gastritis and duodenal
ulcer.
Differential diagnosis of gastric ulcer and chronic pancreatitis.

NEPHROLOGY
Acute diffuse glomerulonephritis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, treatment.
Differential diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis and acute pyelonephritis.
Diagnostic criteria of arterial hypertension in parenchymal kidney diseases.
What are the main syndromes in acute glomerulonephritis?
Differential diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis.
Chronic pyelonephritis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, treatment. Write out the recipes.
Differential diagnosis of the hypertensive form of chronic glomerulonephritis and
pheochromocytoma.
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic of Conn's syndrome.
Cohn's syndrome. Pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment.
Chronic glomerulonephritis: etiology, clinic, diagnosis, treatment.
The concept of chronic kidney disease. Methods for calculating the glomerular filtration rate.
Medicinal nephroprotection.
Chronic pyelonephritis. Features of differential diagnosis and treatment. Write
out the recipes.
Differential diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis.
The role of laboratory and instrumental research methods in the diagnosis of chronic
pyelonephritis.
Chronic renal failure: etiology, pathogenesis, clinic. Indications for
hemodialysis and kidney transplantation.

PULMONOLOGY
Differential diagnosis of pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Differential diagnosis of dry and exudative pleurisy.
Differential diagnosis of pneumococcal and COVID-19 pneumonia.
Clinic, diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Write out the recipes.
Gout. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, treatment. Write out the recipes.
Functional research methods for patients with respiratory diseases
(spirometry, peak flowmetry, pulse oximetry). Classification of respiratory failure according
to pulse oximetry data.
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic of exudative pleurisy The difference between transudate and exudate
according
to clinical and laboratory signs.

RHEUMATOLOGY
The great criteria of Kisel-Nesterov-Johnson rheumatism. Give a brief clinical
description of each criterion.
Classification of acute rheumatic fever. The formulation of the diagnosis. Clinical
criteria of chorea.
Definition of the term "Chronic rheumatic heart disease". Classification.
List nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Write out the recipes.
Describe the clinical features of rheumatic endocarditis.
Give a clinical description of the articular syndrome in acute rheumatic fever.
Clinic, diagnosis, treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Write out the recipes.
Ostearthritis. Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
Rheumatoid arthritis: etiology, pathonegesis, clinic, treatment. Write out the recipes.

LIPIDOLOGY

The role of statins in the primary prevention of atherosclerosis. List the drugs and compare their
effectiveness.
Types of dyslipidemia. Classification of primary dyslipidemia according to D. Fredrickson (WHO).
Secondary dyslipidemia: etiology, clinic, treatment.
Name cholesterol-lowering drugs, write out prescriptions. Specify the target value
of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol recommended for achieving after
a myocardial infarction.
HEMATOLOGY
Principles of treatment of iron deficiency anemia. List the medications. Write out the recipes.
Laboratory criteria for B12-deficiency anemia. Write out the recipes.
Differential diagnosis in iron deficiency and aplastic anemia.
Aplastic anemia. Etiology. Pathogenesis. The clinical picture.

GENERAL QUESTIONS
The concept of a medicinal disease. Quincke's edema. Features of pathogenesis and clinical picture.
Write out the recipes.
Define the concept of "metabolic syndrome". List the main etiological
factors.
Neurocirculatory asthenia. Classification. Clinic. Principles of treatment. Write
out the recipes.
The concept of an undesirable side reaction when using medicines.
Classification. Prevention and treatment measures.