KEY CONCEPTS

1. DEFINITION :
Complex numbers are definited as expressions of the form a + ib where a, b R & i = 1 . It is
denoted by z i.e. z = a + ib. ‘a’ is called as real part of z (Re z) and ‘b’ is called as imaginary part of
z (Im z).
EVERY COMPLEX NUMBER CAN BE REGARDED AS

Purely real Purely imaginary Imaginary

if b = 0 if a = 0 if b  0
Note :
(a) The set R of real numbers is a proper subset of the Complex Numbers. Hence the Complete Number
system is N  W  I  Q  R  C.
(b) Zero is both purely real as well as purely imaginary but not imaginary.
(c) i = 1 is called the imaginary unit. Also i² =  l ; i3 = i ; i4 = 1 etc.
(d) a b = a b only if atleast one of either a or b is non-negative.

2. CONJUGATE COMPLEX :
If z = a + ib then its conjugate complex is obtained by changing the sign of its imaginary part &
is denoted by z . i.e. z = a  ib.
Note that :
(i) z + z = 2 Re(z) (ii) z  z = 2i Im(z) (iii) z z = a² + b² which is real
(iv) If z lies in the 1 quadrant then z lies in the 4 quadrant and  z lies in the 2nd quadrant.
st th

3. ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS :
The algebraic operations on complex numbers are similiar to those on real numbers treating i as a
polynomial. Inequalities in complex numbers are not defined. There is no validity if we say that complex
number is positive or negative.
e.g. z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4 i are meaningless .
However in real numbers if a2 + b2 = 0 then a = 0 = b but in complex numbers,
z12 + z22 = 0 does not imply z1 = z2 = 0.
4. EQUALITY IN COMPLEX NUMBER :
Two complex numbers z1 = a1 + ib1 & z2 = a2 + ib2 are equal if and only if their real & imaginary
parts coincide.
5. REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX NUMBER IN VARIOUS FORMS :
(a) Cartesian Form (Geometric Representation) :
Every complex number z = x + i y can be represented by a point on
the cartesian plane known as complex plane (Argand diagram) by the
ordered pair (x, y).
length OP is called modulus of the complex number denoted by z &
 is called the argument or amplitude .
eg. z = x 2  y 2 & 
y
 = tan1 (angle made by OP with positive xaxis)
x

Complex Numbers [1]

NOTE :
z if z  0
(i) z is always non negative . Unlike real numbers z =  is not correct
 z if z  0
(ii) Argument of a complex number is a many valued function . If  is the argument of a complex number
then 2 n+  ; n  I will also be the argument of that complex number. Any two arguments of a
complex number differ by 2n.
(iii) The unique value of  such that –  <   is called the principal value of the argument.
(iv) Unless otherwise stated, amp z implies principal value of the argument.
(v) By specifying the modulus & argument a complex number is defined completely. For the complex number
0 + 0 i the argument is not defined and this is the only complex number which is given by its modulus.
(vi) There exists a one-one correspondence between the points of the plane and the members of the set of
complex numbers.
(b) Trignometric / Polar Representation :
z = r (cos  + i sin ) where | z | = r ; arg z =  ; z = r (cos  i sin )
Note: cos  + i sin  is also written as CiS .
eix  e ix eix  e ix
Also cos x = & sin x = are known as Euler's identities.
2 2
(c) Exponential Representation :
z = rei ; | z | = r ; arg z =  ; z = re i

6. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATE / MODULI / AMPLITUDE :

If z , z1 , z2  C then ;
(a) z + z = 2 Re (z) ; z  z = 2 i Im (z) ; (z) = z ; z1  z 2 = z1 + z 2 ;

 z1 
z1  z 2 = z1  z 2 ; z1 z 2 = z1 . z 2   = z1 ; z2  0
z  z2
 2
2
(b) | z |  0 ; | z |  Re (z) ; | z |  Im (z) ; | z | = | z | = | – z | ; z z = | z | ;
z1 | z1 |
 z1 z2  =  z1 | .  z2  ; = , z2  0 , | zn | = | z |n ;
z2 | z2 |

| z1 + z2 |2 + | z1 – z2 |2 = 2 [| z1 |2  | z 2 |2 ]
z1 z2  z1 + z2  z1+ z2 [ TRIANGLE INEQUALITY ]
(c) (i) amp (z1 . z2) = amp z1 + amp z2 + 2 k. kI
z 
(ii) amp  1  = amp z1  amp z2 + 2 k; kI
 z2 
(iii) amp(zn) = n amp(z) + 2k .
where proper value of k must be chosen so that RHS lies in (, ].

(7) VECTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX :

Every complex number can be considered as if it is the position vector of that point. If the point P
 
represents the complex number z then, OP = z &  OP  = z

Complex Numbers [2]

NOTE :
   
(i) If OP = z = r ei  then OQ = z1 = r ei ( + ) = z . e i. If OP and OQ are
 
of unequal magnitude then OQ  OP e i
(ii) If A, B, C & D are four points representing the complex numbers
z1, z2 , z3 & z4 then
z z
AB  CD if 4 3 is purely real ;
z 2  z1
z 4  z3
AB  CD if z  z is purely imaginary ]
2 1
(iii) If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle where z0 is its circumcentre then
(a) z 12 + z 22 + z 23  z1 z2  z2 z3  z3 z1 = 0 (b) z 12 + z 22 + z 23 = 3 z 20
8. DEMOIVRE’S THEOREM :
Statement : cos n  + i sin n  is the value or one of the values of (cos + i sin )n ¥ n  Q. The
theorem is very useful in determining the roots of any complex quantity
Note : Continued product of the roots of a complex quantity should be determined
using theory of equations.
9. CUBE ROOT OF UNITY :
 1 i 3  1 i 3
(i) The cube roots of unity are 1 , , .
2 2
(ii) If w is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 + w + w² = 0. In general
1 + wr + w2r = 0 ; where r  I but is not the multiple of 3.
(iii) In polar form the cube roots of unity are :
2 2 4 4
cos 0 + i sin 0 ; cos + i sin , cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
(iv) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand plane constitute the verties of an equilateral triangle.
(v) The following factorisation should be remembered :
(a, b, c  R &  is the cube root of unity)
a3  b3 = (a  b) (a  b) (a  ²b) ; x2 + x + 1 = (x  ) (x  2) ;
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a + b) (a + 2b) ;
a3 + b3 + c3  3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + ²c) (a + ²b + c)
10. nth ROOTS OF UNITY :
If 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 ..... n  1 are the n , nth root of unity then :
(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2/n) &
(ii) 1p +  1p +  2p + .... + pn  1 = 0 if p is not an integral multiple of n
= n if p is an integral multiple of n
(iii) (1  1) (1  2) ...... (1  n  1) = n &
(1 + 1) (1 + 2) ....... (1 + n  1) = 0 if n is even and 1 if n is odd.
(iv) 1 . 1 . 2 . 3 ......... n  1 = 1 or 1 according as n is odd or even.
11. THE SUM OF THE FOLLOWING SERIES SHOULD BE REMEMBERED :
sin n 2  n 1
(i) cos  + cos 2  + cos 3  + ..... + cos n  = cos   
sin  2  2 
sin n 2  n  1 
(ii) sin  + sin 2  + sin 3  + ..... + sin n  = sin   
sin  2  2 
Note : If  = (2/n) then the sum of the above series vanishes.

Complex Numbers [3]

12. STRAIGHT LINES & CIRCLES IN TERMS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS :
nz  mz 2
(A) If z1 & z2 are two complex numbers then the complex number z = 1 divides the joins of z1
mn
& z2 in the ratio m : n.
Note:
(i) If a , b , c are three real numbers such that az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 ;
where a + b + c = 0 and a,b,c are not all simultaneously zero, then the complex numbers z1 , z2 & z3
are collinear.
(ii) If the vertices A, B, C of a  represent the complex nos. z1, z2, z3 respectively, then :
z1  z 2  z 3
(a) Centroid of the  ABC = :
3
(b) Orthocentre of the  ABC =
a sec A z1  b sec Bz 2  c sec Cz3 z1 tan A  z 2 tan B  z 3 tan C
OR
a sec A  b sec B  c sec C tan A  tan B  tan C
(c) Incentre of the  ABC = (az1 + bz2 + cz3)  (a + b + c) .
(d) Circumcentre of the  ABC = :
(Z1 sin 2A + Z2 sin 2B + Z3 sin 2C)  (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C) .
(B) amp(z) =  is a ray emanating from the origin inclined at an angle  to the x axis.
(C) z  a = z  b is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining a to b.
(D) The equation of a line joining z1 & z2 is given by ;
z = z1 + t (z1  z2) where t is a perameter.
(E) z = z1 (1 + it) where t is a real parameter is a line through the point z1 & perpendicular to oz1.
(F) The equation of a line passing through z1 & z2 can be expressed in the determinant form as

z z 1
z1 z1 1 = 0. This is also the condition for three complex numbers to be collinear..
z2 z2 1
(G) Complex equation of a straight line through two given points z1 & z 2 can be written as
z z1  z 2   z z1  z 2   z1z 2  z1z 2  = 0, which on manipulating takes the form as  z   z  r = 0
where r is real and  is a non zero complex constant.
(H) The equation of circle having centre z0 & radius  is :
z  z0 =  or z z  z0 z  z 0 z + z 0 z0  ² = 0 which is of the form

zz  zz r = 0 , r is real centre  & radius  r .

Circle will be real if    r  0 .
(I) The equation of the circle described on the line segment joining z1 & z2 as diameter is :
z  z2 
(i) arg = ± or (z  z1) ( z  z 2) + (z  z2) ( z  z 1) = 0
z  z1 2
(J) Condition for four given points z1 , z2 , z3 & z4 to be concyclic is, the number
z 3  z1 z 4  z 2
. is real. Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non collinear points z1, z2 & z3 can be
z 3  z 2 z 4  z1
z  z 2  z 3  z1  z  z 2 z 3  z1  z  z 2 z3  z1 
is real 
taken as
z  z1  z 3  z 2  z  z1 z3  z 2  = z  z1 z3  z 2 
Complex Numbers [4]
13.(a) Reflection points for a straight line :
Two given points P & Q are the reflection points for a given straight line if the given line is the right
bisector of the segment PQ. Note that the two points denoted by the complex numbers z1 & z2 will be
the reflection points for the straight line  z   z  r  0 if and only if ;  z   z  r  0 , where r is
1 2
real and is non zero complex constant.
(b) Inverse points w.r.t. a circle :
Two points P & Q are said to be inverse w.r.t. a circle with centre 'O' and radius , if :
(i) the point O, P, Q are collinear and on the same side of O. (ii) OP . OQ = 2.
Note that the two points z1 & z2 will be the inverse points w.r.t. the circle
z z   z   z  r  0 if and only if z1 z 2  z1 z 2  r 0 .
14. PTOLEMY’S THEOREM :
It states that the product of the lengths of the diagonals of a convex quadrilateral inscribed in
a circle is equal to the sum of the lengths of the two pairs of its opposite sides.
i.e. z1  z3 z2  z4 = z1  z2 z3  z4 + z1  z4 z2  z3.
15. LOGARITHM OF A COMPLEX QUANTITY :
1  
(i) Loge (+ i ) = Loge (² + ²) + i  2n  tan 1  where n  I.
2  
 
 2 n  
(ii) ii represents a set of positive real numbers given by e  2
, n  I.

EXERCISE–I
Q.1 Simplify and express the result in the form of a + bi :
2
 4i 3  i  3  2i 3  2i
(a) i (9 + 6 i) (2  i)1 (b)  
 (c) 
 2 i  1  2  5i 2  5i

(d)
2  i 2 
2  i 2
(e) i   i
2i 2i
Q.2 Find the modulus , argument and the principal argument of the complex numbers.

 10   10 
(i) z = 1 + cos   + i sin  9  (ii) (tan1 – i)2
 9   
5  12i  5  12i i 1
(iii) z = (iv) 2  2
5  12i  5  12i 
i 1  cos   sin
 5  5
Q.3 Given that x, y  R, solve :
x y 5  6i
(a) (x + 2y) + i (2x  3y) = 5  4i (b) 
1  2i 3  2i 8i  1
(c) x²  y²  i (2x + y) = 2i (d) (2 + 3i) x²  (3  2i) y = 2x  3y + 5i
(e) 4x² + 3xy + (2xy  3x²)i = 4y²  (x2/2) + (3xy  2y²)i
Q.4(a) Let Z is complex satisfying the equation, z2 – (3 + i)z + m + 2i = 0, where m  R.
Suppose the equation has a real root, then find the value of m.
(b) a, b, c are real numbers in the polynomial, P(Z) = 2Z4 + aZ3 + bZ2 + cZ + 3
If two roots of the equation P(Z) = 0 are 2 and i, then find the value of 'a'.

Complex Numbers [5]

Q.5(a) Find the real values of x & y for which z1 = 9y2  4  10 i x and
z2 = 8y2  20 i are conjugate complex of each other.
(b) Find the value of x4  x3 + x2 + 3x  5 if x = 2 + 3i

Q.6 Solve the following for z :

z2 – (3 – 2 i)z = (5i – 5)

Q.7(a) If i Z3 + Z2  Z + i = 0, then show that | Z | = 1.

z1  2z 2
(b) L et z1 and z2 be two complex numbers such that = 1 and | z2 |  1, find | z1 |.
2  z1z 2
z  z1 
(c) Let z1 = 10 + 6i & z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex number such that the argument of, is , then
z  z2 4
prove that z  7  9i= 3 2 .
Q.8 Show that the product,

  1i    1i     1i     1i  

2 22 2n
 
1 2  1 2   1 2  ......1 2   is equal to  1  1n  (1+ i) where n  2 .
              22 
  

Q.9 Let z1, z2 be complex numbers with | z1 | = | z2 | = 1, prove that | z1 + 1 | + | z2 + 1 | + | z1z2 + 1 |  2.

Q.10 Interpret the following locii in z  C.
 z  2i 
(a) 1 < z  2i < 3 (b) Re    4 (z  2i)
iz 2
(c) Arg (z + i)  Arg (z  i) = /2 (d) Arg (z  a) = /3 where a = 3 + 4i.

Q.11 Let A = {a  R | the equation (1 + 2i)x3 – 2(3 + i)x2 + (5 – 4i)x + 2a2 = 0}

has at least one real root. Find the value of a2 .
aA
Q.12 P is a point on the Aragand diagram. On the circle with OP as diameter two points Q & R are taken such
that  POQ =  QOR = . If ‘O’ is the origin & P, Q & R are represented by the complex numbers
Z1 , Z2 & Z3 respectively, show that : Z22 . cos 2  = Z1 . Z3 cos².
Q.13 Let z1, z2, z3 are three pair wise distinct complex numbers and t1, t2, t3 are non-negative real numbers
such that t1 + t2 + t3 = 1. Prove that the complex number z = t1z1 + t2z2 + t3z3 lies inside a triangle with
vertices z1, z2, z3 or on its boundry.

Q.14 Let A  z1 ; B  z2; C  z3 are three complex numbers denoting the vertices of an acute angled triangle.
If the origin ‘O’ is the orthocentre of the triangle, then prove that
z1 z 2 + z 1 z2 = z2 z 3 + z 2 z3 = z3 z 1 + z 3 z1
hence show that the  ABC is a right angled triangle  z1 z 2 + z1 z2 = z2 z 3 + z 2 z3 = z3 z1 + z 3 z1 = 0

Complex Numbers [6]

Q.15 Let  + i;  R, be a root of the equation x3 + qx + r = 0; q, r  R. Find a real cubic equation,
independent of  & , whose one root is 2.
Q.16 Find the sum of the series 1(2 – )(2 – 2) + 2(3 – ) (3 – 2) ....... (n – 1)(n – )(n – 2) where  is
one of the imaginary cube root of unity.
Q.17 If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle

e 2iA e iC e iB
D= e
iC
e  2iB e iA where i = 1
e iB e iA e 2iC

then find the value of D.

Q.18 If w is an imaginary cube root of unity then prove that :
(a) (1  w + w2) (1  w2 + w4) (1  w4 + w8) ..... to 2n factors = 22n .
(b) If w is a complex cube root of unity, find the value of
(1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (1 + w8) ..... to n factors .

 1  sin   i cos  
n
 n   n 
Q.19 Prove that   = cos  2  n  + i sin  2  n  . Hence deduce that
 1  sin   i cos      
5 5
      
1  sin  i cos  + i 1  sin  i cos  = 0
 5 5  5 5
Q.20 If cos (  ) + cos (  ) + cos (  ) =  3/2 then prove that:
(a)  cos 2 = 0 =  sin 2 (b)  sin (+ ) = 0 =  cos (+ )
(c)  sin2  =  cos2  = 3/2 (d)  sin 3 = 3 sin (+ + )
(e)  cos 3 = 3 cos (+ + )
(f) cos3 (+ ) + cos3 (+ ) + cos3 (+ ) = 3 cos (+ ) . cos (+ ) . cos (+ ) where R.

Q.21 Resolve Z5 + 1 into linear & quadratic factors with real coefficients. Deduce that : 4·sin  ·cos = 1.
10 5

Q.22 If x = 1+ i 3 ; y = 1  i 3 & z = 2 , then prove that xp + yp = zp for every prime p > 3.

Q.23 Dividing f(z) by z  i, we get the remainder i and dividing it by z + i, we get the remainder
1 + i. Find the remainder upon the division of f(z) by z² + 1.
Q.24(a) Let z = x + iy be a complex number, where x and y are real numbers. Let A and B be the sets defined by
A = {z | | z |  2} and B = {z | (1 – i)z + (1 + i) z  4}. Find the area of the region A  B.
1
(b) For all real numbers x, let the mapping f (x) = , where i =  1 . If there exist real number
x i
a, b, c and d for which f (a), f (b), f (c) and f (d) form a square on the complex plane. Find the area of
the square.
Q.25 Column-I Column-II
(A) Let w be a non real cube root of unity then the number of distinct elements (P) 4

 
in the set (1  w  w 2  .......  w n ) m | m, n  N is
(B) Let 1, w, w2 be the cube root of unity. The least possible (Q) 5
degree of a polynomial with real coefficients having roots
2w, (2 + 3w), (2 + 3w2), (2 – w – w2), is
(C)  = 6 + 4i and  = (2 + 4i) are two complex numbers on the complex plane. (R) 6

Complex Numbers [7]

 z 
A complex number z satisfying amp    moves on the major (S) 8
 z   6
segment of a circle whose radius is
EXERCISE–II

1 1 1
Q.1(a) If z1 , z2 , z3 are complex numbers such that z1 = z2 = z3 =   = 1, then
z1 z 2 z 3
z1 + z2 + z3 is :
(A) equal to 1 (B) less than 1 (C) greater than 3 (D) equal to 3

(b) If arg (z) < 0 , then arg ( z)  arg (z) =

 
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D)
2 2
[ JEE 2000 (Screening) 1 + 1 out of 35 ]
2 2
Q.2 Given , z = cos 2 n  1 + i sin , 'n' a positive integer, find the equation whose roots are,
2n  1
 = z + z3 + ...... + z2n  1 &  = z2 + z4 + ...... + z2n .
[ REE 2000 (Mains) 3 out of 100 ]

Q.3 Find all those roots of the equation z12 – 56z6 – 512 = 0 whose imaginary part is positive.
[ REE 2000, 3 out of 100 ]
z1  z 3 1  i 3
Q.4(a) The complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 satisfying  are the vertices of a triangle which is
z2  z3 2
(A) of area zero (B) right-angled isosceles
(C) equilateral (D) obtuse – angled isosceles
(b) Let z1 and z2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right angle at the origin. Then n must be of the form
(A) 4k + 1 (B) 4k + 2 (C) 4k + 3 (D) 4k
[ JEE 2001 (Scr) 1 + 1 out of 35 ]
1 1 1
1 3
Q.5(a) Let     i . Then the value of the determinant 1  1  2 2 is
2 2 1 2 4
(A) 3 (B) 3 ( – 1) (C) 32 (D) 3(1 – )
(b) For all complex numbers z1, z2 satisfying |z1| = 12 and |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 5, the minimum value of
|z1 – z2| is
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) 17 [JEE 2002 (Scr) 3+3]
(c) Let a complex number  ,   1, be a root of the equation
zp+q – zp – zq + 1 = 0 where p, q are distinct primes.
Show that either 1 +  + 2 + ...... + p–1 = 0 or 1 +  + 2 + ...... + q–1 = 0 , but not both together.
[JEE 2002, (5) ]
1  z1 z 2
Q.6(a) If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that | z1 | < 1 < | z2 | then prove that  1.
z1  z 2
1 n
(b) Prove that there exists no complex number z such that | z | <
3
and  a r zr = 1 where | ar | < 2.
r 1

Complex Numbers [8]

 [JEE-03, 2 + 2 out of 60]
Q.7(a)  is an imaginary cube root of unity. If (1 + 2)m = (1 + 4)m , then least positive integral value of m is
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3
[JEE 2004 (Scr)]
( z  )
(b) Find centre and radius of the circle determined by all complex numbers z = x + i y satisfying k,
(z  )
where   1  i 2 ,   1  i 2 are fixed complex and k  1. [JEE 2004, 2 out of 60 ]

Q.8(a) The locus of z which lies in shaded region is best represented by

(A) z : |z + 1| > 2, |arg(z + 1)| < /4
(B) z : |z - 1| > 2, |arg(z – 1)| < /4
(C) z : |z + 1| < 2, |arg(z + 1)| < /2
(D) z : |z - 1| < 2, |arg(z - 1)| < /2
(b) If a, b, c are integers not all equal and w is a cube root of unity (w  1), then the minimum value of
|a + bw + cw2| is
3 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 2
[JEE 2005 (Scr), 3 + 3]
(c) If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle |z – 1| = 2 is 2  3 i . Find the other
vertices of square. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 4]
w  wz
Q.9 If w =  + i where   0 and z  1, satisfies the condition that is purely real, then the set of
1 z
values of z is
(A) {z : | z | = 1} (B) {z : z = z ) (C) {z : z  1} (D) {z : | z | = 1, z  1}
[JEE 2006, 3]
Q.10(a) A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards the North-East (N 45° E) direction. From
there, he walks a distance of 4 units towards the North-West (N 45° W) direction to reach a point P.
Then the position of P in the Argand plane is
(A) 3e i 4 + 4i (B) (3  4i )e i 4 (C) (4  3i )e i 4 (D) (3  4i )e i 4
z
(b) If | z | = 1 and z  ± 1, then all the values of lie on
1 z2
(A) a line not passing through the origin (B) | z | = 2
(C) the x-axis (D) the y-axis [JEE 2007, 3+3]

Q.11(a) A particle P starts from the point z0 = 1 + 2i, where i =  1 . It moves first horizontally away from origin
by 5 units and then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a point z1. From z1 the particle moves

2 units in the direction of the vector î  ˆj and then it moves through an angle 2 in anticlockwise
direction on a circle with centre at origin, to reach a point z2. The point z2 is given by
(A) 6 + 7i (B) – 7 + 6i (C) 7 + 6i (D) – 6 + 7i
(b) Comprehension (3 questions together)
Let A, B, C be three sets of complex numbers as defined below

Complex Numbers [9]

 A = z : Im z  1
B = z :| z  2  i | 3

C = z : Re((1  i ) z )  2 
(i) The number of elements in the set A  B  C is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 
(ii) Let z be any point in A  B  C. Then, | z + 1 – i |2 + | z – 5 – i |2 lies between
(A) 25 and 29 (B) 30 and 34 (C) 35 and 39 (D) 40 and 44
(iii) Let z be any point in A  B  C and let w be any point satisfying | w – 2 – i | < 3.
Then, | z | – | w | + 3 lies between
(A) –6 and 3 (B) –3 and 6 (C) –6 and 6 (D) –3 and 9
[JEE 2008, 3 + 4 + 4 + 4]
15
Q.12(a) Let z = cos  + i sin . Then the value of  Im(z 2m1 ) at  = 2° is
m 1

1 1 1 1
(A) sin 2 (B) 3 sin 2 (C) 2 sin 2 (D) 4 sin 2

(b) Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are integers. Then the area of the rectangle whose
vertices are the roots of the equation zz 3  zz 3  350 is
(A) 48 (B) 32 (C) 40 (D) 80
[JEE 2009, 3 + 3]
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE–I
21 12 8 22
Q.1 (a)  i (b) 3 + 4 i (c)  +0i (d) i (e) + 2  0 i or 0  2 i
5 5 29 5
4 4 4
Q.2 (i) Principal Arg z =  ; z = 2 cos ; Arg z = 2 k  k I
9 9 9
(ii) Modulus = sec21 , Arg = 2 n (2 –  ) , Principal Arg = (2 –  )
 3  2
(iii) Principal value of Agr z =  & z = ; Principal value of Arg z = & z =
2 2 2 3
1  11 11
(iv) Modulus = cos ec , Arg z = 2n  , Principal Arg =
2 5 20 20
 2 2  5 3K
Q.3(a) x = 1, y = 2; (b) x = 1 & y = 2 ; (c) (2 , 2) or   3 ,  3  ; (d) (1 ,1)  0 ,  ; (e) x =K, y = KR
 2 2
Q.4 (a) 2, (b) – 11/2 Q.5 (a) [( 2, 2) ; ( 2,  2)] (b)  (77 +108 i)
Q.6 z = (2 + i) or (1 – 3i)
Q.7 (b) 2
Q.10 (a) The region between the co encentric circles with centre at (0 , 2) & radii 1 & 3 units
1 1
(b) region outside or on the circle with centre + 2i and radius .
2 2
(c) semi circle (in the 1st & 4th quadrant) x² + y² = 1 (d) a ray emanating from the point
(3 + 4i) directed away from the origin & having equation 3 x  y  4  3 3  0

Complex Numbers [10]

 2
 n (n  1) 
Q.11 18 Q.15 x3 + qx  r = 0 Q.16  n   n

Q.17 – 4 Q.18 (b) one if n is even ;  w² if n is odd

Q.21 (Z + 1) (Z²  2Z cos 36° + 1) (Z²  2Z cos 108° + 1) Q.23 i z  1  i
2 2
Q.24 (a)  – 2 ; (b) 1/2 Q.25 (A) R; (B) Q; (C) P

EXERCISE–II
sin 2 n  2
Q.1 (a) A (b) A Q.2 z2 +z+ = 0, where  =
sin 2  2n  1

Q.3 +1 + i 3 ,
 3i , 2i Q.4 (a) C, (b) D Q.5 (a) B ; (b) B
2

Q.7 (a) D ; (b) Centre 

k 2  
2
k 1
, Radius = 2
1
( k  1)
  
|   k 2 |2  k 2 . |  |2  |  |2 . k 2  1

Q.8  
(a) A, (b) B, (c) z2 = – 3 i ; z3 = 1  3  i ; z4 = 1  3  i Q.9   D
Q.10 (a) D; (b) D
Q.11 (a) D; (b) (i) B; (ii) C; (iii) D Q.12 (a) D; (b) A

Complex Numbers [11]