Advanced Functions (MHF4U)

Unit 1: Assignment (Polynomial and Rational Functions)

Arunachalam Palaniappan
99482470
Advanced Functions (MHF4U)
Date: 27-07-2024

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Advanced Functions (MHF4U)
Question 1: Given Information:
 One variable: the expression should have only one variable. So, I took X.
 Degree 4: It means that the highest exponent of the polynomial should be 4.
 3 Terms: The polynomial should have 3 terms.
 One of the terms has degree as 1.
 One of the terms has a leading coefficient of -5.
 Has a Y intercept at 10.

So according to the given information, the 1St polynomial that Rod could be thinking of is:
f(x) = 3x4-5x+10
and the 2nd polynomial could be:
f(x) = x4-5x+10

Hence, these 2 polynomials satisfy the given information in the question. And moreover, these are not
only the possible polynomial expressions that could satisfy the given information in the question, because
there are an infinite number of polynomials that could satisfy the given information in the question, such
as 5x4-5x+10, or 2y4-5y+10.

Question 2: Given Information:

 Question similar #1.
 Description of how teachers should evaluate students response.

1. Create 2 Different polynomial expressions with only one variable that has the following
characteristics:
o Degree 3
o 3 Terms
o One of the terms has degree as 2.
o The 1st term of the polynomial expression should leading coefficient as 4.
o Has a 2 turning points.
o Has three X – intercepts.

2. Teachers should evaluate students responses by verifying that:

o Does the polynomial expression have only one variable?
o Does the polynomial expression have a term with degree 3?
o Does the polynomial expression have 3 terms?
o Does the polynomial expression have a term with degree 2?
o Does the 1st term of the polynomial expression have a leading coefficient of 4?
o Does it have 2 turning points?
o Does it have three X – Intercepts?

Question 3: Given Information:

 A function that has a domain of {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 | 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10} and a range of {𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 | 5 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 10}.
 Function does not need to be a polynomial or rational function.
 It can be in algebraical form, a graph, or in any other form.

The domain is {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 | 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10}, where x is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to10:

 So, the function f(x) = x/6 + 7, where the function will produce a valid output. And the x = 3.
 So, now let’s substitute the value of x into the equation, f(3) = 3/6 + 7 = 7.5, Which is within the range and
greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to10.

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Advanced Functions (MHF4U)

The range is {𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 | 5 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 10}, where the y values is greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10.

 Hence, the function can be proved taking, x = 4. And now let’s substitute the value of x into the equation the
same f(x) = x/6 + 7.
 So, f(x) = 4/2 + 7 = 9. So which is within the range and the function f(x)= x/6 + 7 has a domain of { 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 | 2
≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10} and has a range of {𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 | 5 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 10}

Question 4: Given Information:

 Polynomial functions in the form f(x) = axn + x.
 3 examples to investigate the relationship between a, n, and the constant finite differences.
So according to the given information let’s take 1st example, f(x) = 4x3 + x.
 1st finite differences equal, f(x+1) – f(x) = (4(x+1)3+(x+1)) – (4x3+x)
 Simplify to get the differences:

Question 5: Given Information:

 Fully factor the following polynomials
a) f(x) = 2x3 – 25x2 + 53x – 30
Ans: So, lets split the term 25x2 and 53x into

25x2 53x

- 23x 23x 30x

2x2 2
f(x) = 2x3 – 2x2 +23x2 – 23x + 30x – 30
= 2x2 (x -1) - 23x (x -1) + 30 (x - 1)
= (x -1)( 2x2-23x+30)

So, lets split the term -23x also.

-23x

-20x -3x

f(x) = (x - 1)(2x2 -20x-3x+30)

= (x - 1)(2x (x – 10) – 3(x-10))
= (x - 1)(2x– 3)(x-10)
Hence, the factored form the polynomial equation f(x) = 2x3 – 25x2 + 53x – 30 is (x - 1)( 2x– 3)(x-10).

b) f(x) = x3 + 3x - 4
Ans: To factor a cubic polynomial we need to use the systematic guessing of the roots of the polynomial. So
let’s take the value of x = 1 and substitute in the equation f(x) = x3 + 3x – 4.
f(1) = (1)3 + 3(1) – 4
f(1) = 1 + 3 – 4 = 0
So it is now proved x = 1 and (x - 1) is factor of the polynomial f(x) = x3 + 3x – 4

So now let’s use the long division method the solve this equation(solved in paper separately).
(x3 + 3x – 4) / (x - 1)
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So after doing the long division method we get x2+x+4.

The equation x2+x+4 does not have any real roots. So it cannot be factored further.

Hence, the factored form the polynomial equation f(x) = x3 + 3x – 4 is (x-1)(x2+x+4)

Question 6: Given Information:

 graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 − 4) (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 5). Graph sketched
So let re write the equation to sketch the graph. using Geo Gebra
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 5) (-𝑥 + 4)

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Advanced Functions (MHF4U)
Observations are:
1. The graph has 3 X-intercepts and a Y-Intercept.
2. It has 3 turning points.
3. The behaviour of the function at x and y intercepts are:
o At X = 5, the graph goes downwards through the X - axis
o At X = 4, the graph goes upwards through the X – axis
o At X = 1, the graph bounces on the X – axis
o At Y = - 20, the graph goes upwards through the Y – axis

Question 7: Given Information:

 Solve the equation, 6x4 + x = 5x3 + 2x2.

Let’s rewrite the equation, so that all the terms are there in one side and equal to zero on the other side,
6x4 - 5x3 - 2x2 + x = 0
x(6x3 - 5x2 - 2x + 1) = 0
(x)(x-1)(6x2+x-1) = 0
(x)(x-1)(2x+1)(3x-1) = 0

So now let’s create separate equations,

 x=0
 x–1=0
o x=0+1
o x=1
 2x + 1 = 0
o 2x = 0 – 1
o x = -1/2
 3x – 1 = 0
o 3x = 0 + 1
o x = 1/3

Hence, the solutions for equation, 6x4 + x = 5x3 + 2x2 are:

 x=0
 x=1
 x = -1/2
 x = 1/3

Question 8: Given Information:

 A Quartic Function, f(x) = 14[3(x − 5)]4 – 45
 General transformed function of quartic function is f(x) = a[k (x - d)]4 + c. where,
o a = has a vertical stretch or compression
o k = has a horizontal stretch or compression
o d = has a horizontal shift
o c = has a vertical shift
 Transformation statement: (x, y) (x/k + d , ay + c)

So based on the General transformed function of quartic function, f(x) = 14[3 (x - 5)]4 - 45
 a = 14, the function has a vertical stretch by 14 because the magnitude of a is greater 1.
 k = 3, the function has a horizontal compression by 1/3 because k is greater than 1.
 d = 5, the function is shifted by 5 units to right because d is positive.
 c = - 45, the function is shifted by 45 units down because c is negative.
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Advanced Functions (MHF4U)

So, now let’s substitute the values of a, k, d and c into the transformation statement,
(x, y) (x/3 + 5, 14y – 45). And the parent function is y = x4

So, with this information about the parent value of x. The values of parent y will be calculated using the parent
function formula.
x y
4
-2 (-2) 16
-1 (-1)4 1
0 (0)4 0
1 (1)4 1
2 (2)4 16

So now substitute the parent values of x into (x/3 + 5) and the parent values of y into(14y – 45)
x/3 + 5 14y – 45
(-2)/3 + 5 = 13/3 14(16) – 45 = 179
(-1)/3 + 5 = 14/3 14(1) – 45 = - 31
(0)/3 + 5 = 5 14(0) – 45 = - 45
(1)/3 + 5 = 16/3 14(1) – 45 = -31
(2)/3 + 5 = 17/3 14(16) – 45 = 179

Question 9: Given Information:

 f(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥3 + 12𝑥2 + 𝑛𝑥 – 3.
 what are the values of m and n.
 the remainder is 0 when divided by (𝑥 + 3).
 when divided by (x - 2) the remainder is 85.

1. So, let’s 1st take x+3 = 0

x = -3
and substitute the value of x into the equation f(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥3 + 12𝑥2 + 𝑛𝑥 – 3= 0.
f(-3) = 𝑚(-3)3 + 12(-3)2 + 𝑛(-3) – 3 = 0
= -27m + 108 – 3n -3 = 0
= - 27m – 3n = 0 – 105
Equation 1 = - 27m – 3n = - 105

2. So, let’s 1st take x- 2 = 0

x=2
and substitute the value of x into the equation f(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥3 + 12𝑥2 + 𝑛𝑥 – 3 = 85.
f(2) = 𝑚(2)3 + 12(2)2 + 𝑛(2) – 3 = 85
= 8m + 48 + 2n – 3 = 85
= 8m + 2n = 85 – 45
Equation 2 = 8m + 2n = 40

3. Now solve the equation 1 and 2 by elimination method

Equation 1 = - 27m – 3n = - 105

Equation 2 = 8m + 2n = 40

Step 1: Now multiply the entire equation 1 with (2) and the entire equation 2 with (-3), so that we can
make coefficients of n equal:

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Advanced Functions (MHF4U)
Equation 1 = (- 27m – 3n = - 105) 2
Equation 2 = ( 8m + 2n = 40) - 3

Step 2: Equation 1 = - 54m – 6n = - 210

Equation 2 = - 24m - 6n = -120

Step 3 : change the signs:

Equation 1 = - 54m – 6n = - 210
Equation 2 = - 24m – 6n = - 120
(+) (+) (+)
----------------------------------
- 30m = - 90
m = - 90/30
m=3

Step 4: So the value of m is 3 and now let’s substitute the value of m in equation 2 = 8m + 2n = 40
= 8(3) + 2n = 40
= 24 + 2n = 40
= n = (40 – 24)/2
=n=8
Hence the value of m is 3 and n is 8.

Question 10: Given Information:

 Use algebra to determine whether the function is even, odd or neither.
 𝑓(𝑥) = 22𝑥3 – 19x
Step 1: lets classify the function as even, odd or neither.
𝑓(𝑥) = 22𝑥3 – 19x
Step 2: Determine the equation of y = f(-x)
𝑓(-𝑥) = 22(-𝑥)3 – 19(-x)
= -22x3 + 19x
Step 3: Determine the equation of y = - f(x)
-𝑓(𝑥) = - (22x3-19x)
= -22x3 + 19x

Original: f(x) = 22𝑥3 – 19x

Switched: -𝑓(𝑥) = -22x3 + 19x

So therefore the function is odd since f(-x) = - f(x)

Question 11: Given Information:

 Graph the function along with its reciprocal on the same or separate axe.
 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 4
 The reciprocal of the equation is 1 / (𝑓(𝑥)) = 1/(−2𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 4)

So let’s factor this equation by using middle term factorisation method to calculate the values 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 4

2x

4x -2x
f(x) = −2𝑥2 + 4x - 2𝑥 + 4
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Advanced Functions (MHF4U)
f(x) = −2𝑥 (x - 2) - 2 (x - 2)
f(x) = (x - 2)( - 2x - 2)

So now let’s calculate values for the reciprocal of the equation is 1 / (𝑓(𝑥)) = 1/(−2𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 4) using same data used for
the original function
= 1/(−2𝑥2 + 4x - 2𝑥 + 4) Graph sketched
= 1/ (−2𝑥 (x - 2) - 2 (x - 2)) using geo gebra
= 1/((x - 2)( - 2x - 2))

Observations from the graph:

 X-intercepts of the functions are x = 2, and x = -1
 Vertical asymptote of the reciprocals are x = 2, and x= -1.
 Horizontal asymptote of the reciprocals, y = 0
 Reciprocal has a minimum at x = 0.5 and the f(x) has a maximum at x = 0.5
 Intervals where the graphs are above the X-axis, (-1 , 0) and (2, 0)
 Intervals where the graphs are below the X-axis, (-1, -∞) and (2 , ∞)
 Intervals of increase f(x), (∞, 0.5)
 Intervals of decrease f(x), (0.5, ∞)
 Intervals of increase for the reciprocal
 Intervals of decrease for the reciprocal

Question 12: Given Information:

 The graph of the function f ( x )= ( 2 x +3 ) /(x−5)
 Its features and their relationship

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Advanced Functions (MHF4U)

Observations from the graph:

 Vertical Asymptotes is x – 5 = 0,
o X=0+5
o X=5
 Horizontal Asymptotes is y = 2/1 = 2
 X-intercepts is 2𝑥+3 = 0
o 2x = 0 – 3
o X = -3/2
o X= -1.5, so which is (-1.5,0)
 Y intercept is f(x) = (2𝑥+3) / (𝑥−5)
o f(0) = (2(0)+3) / (0−5)
o y = 3/(-5)
o y = -0.6, so which is (0, - 0.6)
 Domain = {X ∈ R≠ 5}
 Range = {y ≠ 2}
 Behaviours of the function on each side of the asymptotes
o f(2) = (2(2)+3) / ((2)−5) = -2
The curve is below the horizontal asymptote on the left side of the vertical asymptote. It crosses the x axis
at x = -1.5 and y axis -0.6
o f(4) = (2(4)+3) / ((4)−5) = -11
 Positive and negative intervals
 Interval of increase and decrease.

Question 13: Given Information:

 Inequality is [(x-2)/(x-3)] ≤ [(2x+5)/(9x-7)]
 Interval chart
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Advanced Functions (MHF4U)
Let’s move the [(2𝑥+5)/(9𝑥−7)] to the left to subtract and simplify by having expressions over a common
denominator and expand the numerator.

So, [ ][
x−2
x−3
−
2 x+ 5
9 x−7
≤0
]
[ (x−2)(9 x−7)
(x−3)(9 x−7)
−
][
(2 x+5)(x−3)
(9 x−7)( x−3)
≤0
]
[ ( x−2 )( 9 x−7 )−(2 x +5)(x−3)
(x−3)( 9 x−7)
≤0
]
[ ( x−2 )( 9 x−7 )−(2 x +5)(x−3)
(x−3)(9 x−7)
≤0]
Question 14: Given Information:
 Inequality 8𝑥 − 3 ≤ 2𝑥 + 1 ≤ 17𝑥 − 8

Step 1: Split the inequality into two.

8𝑥 − 3 ≤ 2𝑥 + 1 and 2𝑥 + 1 ≤ 17𝑥 − 8

Step 2: isolate x from each inequality using inverse operations,

a) 8𝑥 − 3 ≤ 2𝑥 + 1
8𝑥 - 2x ≤ 1 + 3
6x ≤ 4
x ≤ 4/6
x ≤ 2/3

b) 2𝑥 + 1 ≤ 17𝑥 − 8
1+8 ≤ 17𝑥 - 2𝑥
9 ≤ 15x
9/15 ≤ x
3/5≤ x

So, the solution after combing the values from step 2 is 3/5 ≤ x ≤ 2/3

Question 15: Given Information:

 Dimensions 3 cm × 5 cm × 11 cm
 Dimensions are increased by x cm
 what values of x will give a box with a volume between 300 cm3 and 900 cm3

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